EP1819640A1 - Procede et dispositif de production d'eau a teneur accrue en oxygene - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de production d'eau a teneur accrue en oxygene

Info

Publication number
EP1819640A1
EP1819640A1 EP05811876A EP05811876A EP1819640A1 EP 1819640 A1 EP1819640 A1 EP 1819640A1 EP 05811876 A EP05811876 A EP 05811876A EP 05811876 A EP05811876 A EP 05811876A EP 1819640 A1 EP1819640 A1 EP 1819640A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
water
electrolyte
column
activated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05811876A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anatoly Lukashev
Vladimir Voyejkov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Petrochemical Holding GmbH
Original Assignee
Human Oxy Vertriebs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Human Oxy Vertriebs GmbH filed Critical Human Oxy Vertriebs GmbH
Publication of EP1819640A1 publication Critical patent/EP1819640A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/54—Mixing with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B5/00—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4608—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/026—Treating water for medical or cosmetic purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4619—Supplying gas to the electrolyte
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing water with increased oxygen content, including its activated forms, having the features of the introductory part of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method for producing water with increased oxygen content, including its activated forms.
  • US Pat. No. 4,549,969 A describes a process for increasing the oxygen content in aquarium water.
  • a hollow rod is introduced into the aquarium, in which an aqueous solution of hydroperoxide (its concentration is in the range of 0.1-5%) is included.
  • the rod part immersed in the container with the oxygenating water has pores.
  • the outer surface of the rod member is covered with a substance which catalyzes the decomposition of hydroperoxide in water and in oxygen: manganese dioxide, Fe 2 O 3 , nickel oxide.
  • Oxygen produced in the aquarium dissolves better in the water than would be the case if pure oxygen were added to the water.
  • oxygen is supplied "in statu nascendi".
  • Singlet oxygen is an excited form of molecular oxygen (O 2 ), which in turn represents the usual form of oxygen found in the air or in water, and is also called triplet oxygen.
  • Singlet oxygen forms in a series of chemical reactions involving, for example, oxygen radicals and peroxy compounds.
  • singlet oxygen also arises from ordinary tri- Oxygen in contact with special colors, so-called photody- namic colors, with light of a certain wavelength.
  • the singlet oxygen is a strong oxidant and readily enters into various chemical reactions, especially with water.
  • JP 1228591 A describes a method in which air is irradiated intensively with ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength ranges from 150 nm to 180 nm and from 200 nm to 300 nm.
  • the irradiation in these wavelength ranges contributes to the formation of ozone in the oxygen contained in the air. Ozone splits instantly, forming atomic oxygen. The oxygen thus formed is introduced into water, which is intended to become active.
  • both active oxygen is introduced into it, not only in the form of singlet oxygen, but also in its other active forms, such as the hydroperoxide radical, the ozone, higher peroxides of the types H 2 O 3 and H 2 O 4 and their radical forms and other oxygen species, as well as the fact that a significantly increased, relatively balanced concentration of molecular oxygen is produced in the water, which activates in the decay reactions of these high energy particles becomes, whereby they are reproduced.
  • This method and the apparatuses allow to obtain water with a content of 50-60 mg oxygen / liter.
  • the disadvantages of this method are that the content of oxygen is expensive and that it drops rapidly during storage under normal conditions.
  • oxygen-saturated water produced by the above methods quickly loses dissolved oxygen at atmospheric pressure and its level remains within the dynamic equilibrium of the water-luff system, ie, in the range of 6 to 14 mg / 1 at room temperature.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a process for producing oxygen-enriched liquids, in particular water enriched with both active and molecular oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "oxywater”), and also a process for carrying out the process To provide a suitable device, with the stable and highly effective, oxygenated water can be obtained to provide.
  • oxygen-enriched liquids in particular water enriched with both active and molecular oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "oxywater”)
  • Oxygen and its active forms primarily refer to the saturation of drinking water, water for water therapies, use of saturated water in industry and agriculture as well as saturating polluted plant and household water.
  • the saturation of other liquids with oxygen and its active forms to optionally transfer active oxygen to other liquids and gases is also contemplated within the scope of the invention.
  • the pure oxygen prior to introduction into the liquid, the pure oxygen is activated, whereby it is converted into various active forms and at the same time moistened, which promotes stabilization of these forms until they enter the liquid;
  • the packing are preferably made of silicate material
  • the saturation of a liquid (water) with active oxygen occurs at a temperature of the liquid and the surrounding air in the range of room temperature and an overpressure of about 0.2 - 2 kPa.
  • Clathrates are three-dimensional, closed structures whose scaffolds are made up of water molecules that are bound together by hydrogen bonds, and that have spaces on the inside where space-sized particles of molecular dimensions, especially active oxygen forms, can be accommodated.
  • the activation of the oxygen in the device described below and the incorporation of active oxygen into the water ensure an efficient realization of the physical-chemical processes, in which the activation of the oxygen and the stabilization of the activated oxygen before the time of its dissolution in the water and after its introduction into the water.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a system for saturating water with oxygen
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the device from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the dynamics of saturation of water with activated oxygen.
  • the activation of oxygen takes place in a device according to Fig. 1 and 2 .
  • Oxygen from bottles 4 (purity: 99.9%) is controlled by a control organ 9, passed through an activator 8 ("plasma memotron" in FIG. 2). From the activator 8, active oxygen enters a separator 2.
  • the activator 8 is supplied with electrical energy from a power supply 5, which can also serve as a control unit.
  • the operating voltage of the power supply 5 is for example 220 V, that of the activator 8 between 110 and 220 V.
  • the current is set between 2 and 30 amps.
  • the ratio between the amount of electrolytic solution and gaseous oxygen in the activator 8 is 1:10 to 1: 150 liters.
  • the temperature of the mixture of electrolyte solution and oxygen in the activator 8 is at stable operating conditions 30 to 90 ° C.
  • the process parameters to be observed in the oxygen activation are selected and set taking into account the requirements for the amount and content of oxygen and its active forms in the water.
  • the nature of the electrolyte solution, its constituents and the concentration of electrolytes in the solution are also chosen taking into account the requirements of the final finished product. For example, in the production of drinking water with an average content of oxygen and its active forms of 25-35 mg / 1, an alkaline electrolyte having a basic substance content of the order of 4% is used.
  • the electrolyte solution is prepared in advance and supplied from a reservoir 2a.
  • composition of the usable electrolyte solution according to the invention is the following:
  • alkaline electrolyte containing alkaline substance e.g. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of water 4 +/- 1%.
  • the plant parts contained in the part marked "sector A" in FIG. 1 serve to produce activated oxygen.
  • Domrachev GA Selivanovskii DA, Didenculov IN, Rodigin Yu.L., Stunzhas PA: Temperature dependence of efficiency of sonolysis and intensity of solonuminescence of water, Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Himii., 2001, 75 (2), pp. 363-368).
  • the parts of the plant contained in the part labeled "sector B" of Fig. 1 serve to saturate a liquid (in the example: water) with oxygen and its active forms.
  • a well For enriching / saturating natural water from a well (well, spring) is used, which corresponds to drinking water standards.
  • the cleaning is carried out in a two-stage filter 6.
  • the purified, clarified and possibly sterilized by UV irradiation 12 water is collected in a container 3 and conveyed from the container 3 with a pump 7 in the upper part of the column 1.
  • the ratio of the flows of water: oxygen is 80: 1.
  • the absorption temperature is equal to the ambient temperature.
  • the control and regulation of the functions of the oxygen activation and water saturation sections A and B can be done with a computer controlled system.
  • Activation of oxygen is accomplished using the equipment portions of the apparatus of sector "A" in FIG. 1, notably the activator 8 shown in greater detail in FIG.
  • Activator 8 (plasma motorotron) is designed and manufactured according to the planned performance of the plant.
  • a typical plasma chemotron has a hollow plastic housing 11 in the bottom of which a hollow, metallic cathode 13 is mounted. Through the cavity in the cathode 13 electrolyte solution is passed from the separator 2 in the activator 8, whereby the cathode 13 is cooled.
  • the anode 12 is spaced around the cathode 13 and perforated. From an annular manifold 14, the oxygen from the bottles 4 is supplied, escaping oxygen is uniformly distributed from the perforated anode 12 in the reaction zone.
  • the level of electrolyte solution in the housing 11 is controlled by means of overflow 20 via an opening 21 in the housing 11 or via a device. Instead of the overflow, an (arbitrarily designed) other device for regulating the liquid level can also be provided.
  • the reliability of the activator 8 is ensured by switching off current to the cathode 13 and the anode 12 when in the housing 11 no more electrolyte solution is present.
  • the operating voltage of the power supply 5 is up to 220 V, that of the
  • Activator 8 between 110 V and 220 V.
  • the current is set from 2 to 30 amps.
  • the relationship between the flows of Electrolyte solution and the gaseous oxygen is 1:10 to 1: 150 liters.
  • the temperature of the active mixture is 30 to 90 ° C under stable operating conditions.
  • the process parameters to be observed during oxygen activation are determined by the requirements for the amount and content of oxygen and its active forms in the water.
  • Electrolyte solution and gaseous oxygen 1:50 liters
  • oxygen-enriched water obtainable according to the present invention.
  • water obtainable according to the invention has special properties, that it exerts an unusual influence on microorganisms which come into contact with it, that it has a favorable effect on physical endurance and that it affects the De - Reduced pressivity of laboratory animals (rats).
  • microorganisms To determine whether microorganisms are present in the water, it is applied to a Petri dish with a standard agar medium and incubated for one day at an optimal temperature for cell proliferation, after which the number of colonies is counted.
  • the microorganisms of artesian water and water obtainable according to the invention have formed colonies only after two to three days, i. much later than microorganisms from ordinary water.
  • the microorganisms from water obtainable according to the invention have formed very small colonies whose dimensions are smaller than those of artesian water. This shows a very low reproductive capacity of the microorganisms living in these waters, but especially in the water obtainable according to the invention. Even in water obtainable according to the invention, which was stored in closed bottles for one year and in which the content of microorganisms was markedly higher than in fresh water obtainable in accordance with the invention, the reproductive capacity of the microorganisms remained at a low level.
  • the small size of the colonies is related to the fact that the number of cells in them is smaller by one to two orders of magnitude, depending on how long the colonies had time to grow than in the cultures of the control cells. In other words, the rate of division of the microorganisms rapidly decreases after contact with water obtainable according to the invention.
  • the modification of the reproductive properties of the cells of the coli bacterium under the action of water obtainable according to the invention can explain the positive effect of a regular consumption of this water on the digestive apparatus.
  • the microorganisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals play a very important role in normal physiology. They ensure that the digestive processes run efficiently and provide the organism with many biologically active substances (vitamins, regulatory molecules) that the organism itself does not produce or does not produce in sufficient quantities.
  • the microorganisms normally living in the intestine only fulfill their functions in the time between cell divisions. Too high a rate of division of the microbial cells in the gastrointestinal tract is usually associated with pathological phenomena and is accompanied by the negative symptoms.
  • the "oxy" water obtainable according to the invention is an advantageous agent for the prophylaxis and therapy of gastrointestinal diseases.
  • water obtainable according to the invention normalizes the biological activity of microorganisms without killing them, which has a favorable effect on the digestion and also on other physiological processes in the human organism.
  • the oxygen content in an opened bottle of water obtainable according to the invention is from two to three times the oxygen content in artesian water and other pure water which are in equilibrium with the air.
  • the composition of the salts, the pH and the redox potential of this water make it possible to count it as drinking water of the highest quality.
  • the oxygen content in water obtainable according to the invention decreases and gradually reaches an equilibrium concentration, this process proceeding rapidly when stirring. Consequently, one can explain the above-described biological properties of the water, in particular its influence on the Kolibakterienzellen, especially when stirring the Incubationsproben, not only with an increased oxygen content in the water.
  • Water obtainable according to the invention in comparison with conventional drinking water, has a considerably higher energy activity, which is responsible for its particular biological properties.
  • the water produced by the process according to the invention (“oxy- Water ”) may have the following properties, among others.
  • Water obtainable according to the invention has a bacteriostatic effect on intestinal and other microflora, without having pronounced antibiotic properties.
  • Water obtainable according to the invention has a favorable effect on the physical and mental endurance of laboratory animals.
  • the mechanism of biological activity of water obtainable according to the invention is given by its capacity for oxygen activation and autoxidation.
  • oxygen is generated by interaction with the active oxygen produced during the electrolysis, by excitation under the action of the various energy sources. gieformen that occur when current is passed through the electrolyzer (in particular sound energy and light energy), activated.
  • the active oxygen is stabilized in the water clathrates and this moist gas mixture is brought into contact in a countercurrent column with the liquid to be oxygenated, wherein the liquid to be enriched, the Gegenstromkolon- ne, which contains a silicate-containing material as filler, from top to bottom and the activated oxygen flows through the countercurrent column from bottom to top.
  • the liquid to be enriched is passed through the column several times until the desired degree of oxygen enrichment has been achieved.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Abstract

Si l'on fait passer de l'oxygène pur à travers un électrolyte alcalin aqueux, dans lequel une tension est appliquée entre la cathode et l'anode annulaire entourant cette dernière, l'oxygène est alors activé par l'interaction avec l'oxygène actif formé lors de l'électrolyse, par excitation sous l'effet des différentes formes d'énergie apparaissant lorsqu'un courant est conduit à travers l'appareil d'électrolyse (18) (en particulier, l'énergie acoustique et l'énergie lumineuse). L'oxygène actif est stabilisé dans les clathrates d'eau et ce mélange gazeux humide est amené au contact du liquide à enrichir d'oxygène dans une colonne à contre-courant (1), le liquide à enrichir traversant la colonne à contre-courant (1) de haut en bas, ladite colonne comportant, comme corps de remplissage (1a), un matériau contenant du silicate, et l'oxygène activé traversant la colonne à contre-courant (1) de bas en haut. Le liquide à enrichir est éventuellement conduit plusieurs fois à travers la colonne (1), jusqu'à ce que le degré d'enrichissement en oxygène souhaité soit obtenu.
EP05811876A 2004-11-29 2005-11-24 Procede et dispositif de production d'eau a teneur accrue en oxygene Withdrawn EP1819640A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT20022004 2004-11-29
PCT/AT2005/000474 WO2006055999A1 (fr) 2004-11-29 2005-11-24 Procede et dispositif de production d'eau a teneur accrue en oxygene

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1819640A1 true EP1819640A1 (fr) 2007-08-22

Family

ID=35709366

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05811876A Withdrawn EP1819640A1 (fr) 2004-11-29 2005-11-24 Procede et dispositif de production d'eau a teneur accrue en oxygene

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1819640A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006055999A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013114148A1 (fr) 2012-02-02 2013-08-08 Potemkin Alexander Installation de conversion de substances de départ hydrocarbonées en combustible gazeux et liquide et chémotron à plasma destiné à cette installation

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2704542B1 (fr) * 1993-04-29 1996-04-12 Coteau Holding Sa Procédé de traitement des eaux.
US5635059A (en) * 1994-10-20 1997-06-03 Aqua-Ion Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for water treatment and purification using gas ion plasma source and disinfectant metal ion complexes
US6171469B1 (en) * 1996-10-31 2001-01-09 H2O Technologies, Ltd. Method and apparatus for increasing the oxygen content of water
EP1022256A3 (fr) * 1999-01-19 2001-04-04 ECO Naturforschungs- und Technologie Gesellschaft mbH Dispositif et procédé pour enrichir l'eau, en particulier avec de l'oxygène
DE10014833A1 (de) * 2000-03-24 2001-10-04 Luwatec Gmbh Luft Und Wasserte Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von mechanisch, organisch und/oder biologisch verunreinigtem Wasser
US6913382B2 (en) * 2000-04-27 2005-07-05 Denis-Michel Ledoux Treatment of fluids

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2006055999A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006055999A1 (fr) 2006-06-01

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