EP1819489A2

EP1819489A2 - Portioning device and method

Info

Publication number: EP1819489A2
Application number: EP05789890A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Thomas Völkl
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-08-30
Filing date: 2005-08-26
Publication date: 2007-08-22
Anticipated expiration: 2025-08-26
Also published as: DK1819489T3; ES2442456T3; DE102004041915A1; DE102004041915B4; PL1819489T3; WO2006024467A3; WO2006024467A2; EP1819489B1

Abstract

The invention relates to accurately weighted portioning of foodstuffs. The foodstuffs are initially pre-compressed in a two-part shaping tube, are then pressed out of said tube and are cut.

Description

Device and method for portioning

I. Field of application

The invention relates to a device and a method for weight-accurate portioning.

II. Technical background

Wholesalers and large consumers in the food industry, in particular large kitchens, catering services, restaurant chains and the like, wish that, above all, the expensive foods such as fish and meat, that the slices provided for this purpose or portions comprising several slices always have the same weight, possibly only a weight tolerance of ± 3% is allowed, z. For example, for fresh meat for sale in Selbstbedie¬ tion retail with 500g target weight.

The separation of a disc with a certain predetermined target weight from a large muscle strand of fish or meat, on the one hand an inhomogeneous consistency and on the other hand a different shape and size, prepares especially in automated operation, in which the production of e.g. 200 slices per minute is required, significant problems.

Are known for this purpose Portioniervorrichtungen and corresponding methods in which it is assumed that matching volumes of the same piece of meat or fish piece also have approximately the same weight. Based on this, the material to be cut, which is at least modest is moldable, a portioning chamber with predetermined dimensions and Volu¬ men filled completely and then separated by a separating cut directly on the open side of the blind-hole portioning chamber a disc from the material to be cut.

To automate this process, the strand-like material to be cut is inserted into a front open mold tube which has a constant cross-section in the longitudinal direction and is compressed by pushing the ram forward so that it becomes a shorter strand with the same length Cross section corresponding to the cross section of the forming tube is formed.

From this forming tube, the strand of material to be cut is displaced out of the front end into the usually immediately adjoining portioning chamber, a slice is cut off by means of the press ram, and so forth.

There are still a large number of problems which prevent or hinder completely exact adherence to the actual weight, but which is sought by the meat and fish processors in order to minimize their use of goods and to secure the profit margins.

One problem is that, within a material to be cut, the starting point is always an identical specific weight, which is manually specified or stored for the individual types of cuttings, for example different muscle cords of different animals for slaughter.

However, this is not always the case depending on the pressure prevailing during the portioning process in the slice to be separated and the composition of fat or water or porosity or proportion of muscle fiber types.

Furthermore, in practice it is not always possible to ensure 100% filling of the portioning chamber with material to be cut, especially not in the desired short filling time, and in spite of the already known negative pressure in, for example, the portioning chamber, which in turn raises problems due to contamination of the vacuum lines with items to be cut, etc.

Furthermore, the pressure and friction conditions between material to be cut and the surrounding component differ considerably from one another, if the front end of the forming tube or the portioning chamber on the one hand with the rear end of the forming tube, where the material to be cut by means of the press ram for pre-deformation or pre-compression and is pushed to advance into the portioning chamber beauf¬ compares.

The process speed, which is of great importance for the processor, is also not optimal when using the same portioning chamber in succession by filling, separating, emptying and refilling. This was tried to improve by changing chambers, which then had the disadvantage of a non-variable volume.

IN THE. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method and a Vorrich¬ device that, despite high process speed and gerin¬ ger failure susceptibility, the deviation of the target weight of the slices or slices portions of the actual weight as low as possible holds.

b) Solution of the task

This object is solved by the claims 1, 3 and 36. Advantageous embodiments result from the subclaims. Due to the two-part design of the forming tube as a channel and therein einfahrba¬ ren side punch on the one hand facilitates the insertion of the material to be cut into the forming tube, on the other hand, the cross section of the forming tube to the cross section of the cut material could be approximated as far as before by means of the press die the material to be cut in the longitudinal direction is pre-compressed in the forming tube. As a result, the transverse deformation of the material to be cut is minimized, so that the material to be cut is protected, and thus improves both the weight stability and the dimensional stability of the slices to be separated.

Since the cross-sectional contour of the press ram must match the free cross section in the forming tube, which is to close it, predetermined, stepped transverse positions are specified for the side punch, which it can exclusively approach, and for the resulting free cross sections in the forming tube specific, different sized press ram provided or a customizable in its contour press ram.

An alternative solution is to maintain a circumferentially closed, in particular one-piece, molded tube, but to use different Form¬ tubes with different free cross-section and matching different or a variable ram, either in a simple manner quickly in the machine are interchangeable, or fixed pre-mounted on different positions of a sliding support, in particular a Vor¬ push-turret, are permanently mounted and are moved only by moving the ge desired mold tube and press ram in the feed path into it. Preferably, the same size pairings are present multiple times for simultaneous portioning and filling of the forming tube.

In both cases, analogously to the applied free cross-section in the forming tube and thus the cross-section of the ram in Portioniermodul a Portionier chamber with a corresponding cross-section and possibly entsp¬ the cutting tube must be provided as usually the cross section of the Portionier chamber must be identical to that of the forming tube. Accordingly, the corresponding portioning plate in which the porting chamber is located must again be easily exchangeable in the machine or differently contoured portioning chambers in a changing device, for example a portioning revolver, are available and optional - Can be brought into the feed path.

This is dispensable, if no portioning chamber is used at all, but possibly only a counter punch or not even this, and the material to be cut is advanced beyond the position of the portioning knife away and are separated freely on the portioning knife protruding discs, which However, as a rule, additional expenses on the side of the feed module requires, for example, a retention of the material to be cut against the ram mit¬ means negative pressure, mechanical brackets or holding tips or other auxiliary devices, only the desired slice thickness when pushing forward the ram over the plane of the portioning knife to let out.

In the following, however, the presence of the use of a portioning chamber into which the front end of the material to be sliced, and whose volume completely filled by the material to be cut predetermines the slice to be separated, is assumed, unless stated otherwise.

The complete filling of the portioning chamber is facilitated or assisted by air openings through which the air present on insertion of the material to be cut can exit from the portioning chamber or a vacuum can be applied to the portioning chamber in order to feed the material to be cut To suck in the portioning chamber or to keep it in place after the separation and before ejection of the slice from the portioning chamber.

The existing for the portioning knife between the portioning chamber and the mold cavity slot is harmless, since it is sealed after forward sliding of the material to be cut from this. The feed direction preferably runs from bottom to top, so that the portioning chamber is located above the front end of the forming tube or this upstream cutting tube, with the result that the sackhole-shaped portioning chamber is open at the bottom.

As a result, it is very easy to eject the separated slice from the portioning chamber by storing the portioning chamber, ie the corresponding portioning plate, out of the feed path only in the transverse direction, in order then to move without further movement Similarly, the portioning plate eject the disc from the portioning chamber down and drop onto a transport device.

In this case, the actual weight of the disc can be automatically determined during or before the drop by a portioning scale, the z. B. is part of the transport device and the weight of the disc when recording on the Transport¬ device measures or may be part of the Portioniermoduls.

Such a portioning scale can serve either to prove to the customer the maximum weight deviation for the individual slices or a multi-slice portion, but more importantly, it can also be used to process the same piece of sliced product during processing to optimize the weight of the subsequently produced disc as a function of the determined actual weight of the preceding discs.

However, this is only possible if, for this purpose, the physical conditions in or near the part of the material to be separated can be changed during processing, for example the pressure prevailing in the region of the compartmentalizing chamber, especially in the cutting material there, for example by alteration the pressing force of the press ram, but especially by Ver¬ change the volume of the portioning chamber and thus the disc to be produced: For example, for this purpose, the bottom of the portioning chamber is movable in the feed direction as a counterpunch, which closes off the portioning chamber, and is controllable, over a distance which corresponds to a multiple of the nominal thickness of a disk.

The latter makes possible the additional advantage of being able to successively separate several slices without having to immediately remove them from the portioning chamber. So it is the already separated slices gradually shifted by means of the whole cutting material in the portioning chamber and separated, and in the same degree gradually retracted the counter punch to create the necessary volume for this purpose. This is possible over an entire number of slices, in particular over the entire sliced product, since the effect that differently elastic regions, ie muscle fiber types, are present within a slicing element and accordingly behave and expand differently after separation only takes place totaled over the number of discs can adversely affect the newly separated disc.

Especially if, as mentioned, the entire sliced material sliced successively sliced into the portioning chamber, so that there for

If the entire cut material is cut open in the portioning chamber, it is possible to produce a particularly simple and cost-effective machine by not requiring a device part which, immediately after the separation of a slice, moves it out of the cutting area using the portioning chamber and removes it a new empty portioning chamber at the

Cutting position provides.

This device part must operate very quickly and very precisely, which makes up a high mechanical outlay and thus a high proportion of the costs of the overall device.

This can be dispensed with if the emptying of the portioning chamber only has to be done once after cutting the entire material to be cut. So that this does not necessarily have to take place in a very short time, there are preferably two portioning chambers and thus portioning tubes and preferably two forming tubes per machine, which point between two positions, namely the cutting position for cutting the material to be cut and an ejection position spaced therefrom and forth displaced, in particular displaceable back and forth, are.

This makes it possible to spend the filled portioning chamber, which is only a portioning gutter when it is formed with a side punch from removing the side punch, from the working position into the loading position, either manually or with the aid of an axially acting slider to empty.

Relatively much time is available for this, because in the meantime the other empty portioning chamber is brought into working position, and a renewed cutting cycle begins.

Likewise, during the cutting of the material to be cut, which is located in a first forming tube, a second forming tube located next to it in the ejection position can already be filled with new material to be cut.

When within the time window, which is required for the cutting of a Schneidgu¬ tes, the new loading of the second mold tube or the unloading of the second Portionierrohres done, can be selected by the operator, so that a temporal buffer is given for other activities, and For example, several such machines can be operated by a single operator.

The sliced food can be transported on a conveyor belt or stored in trays and then portioned manually and semi-automatically or fully automatically and further processed.

Such a machine is then particularly inexpensive to produce, if doing the corresponding individual items such as mold tube and Portionierkammer, Forming tube gutter and portioning gutter, the respective transverse punches and / or punch and counter punch, are identical, so that a machine with two or more pairs of forming tube and Portionierrohr can be constructed from je¬ same single parts.

In the case of a displaceable transverse punch, it must always be ensured, among other things, in such machines that the point of application of the ram and counter punch is located as far as possible in the center of the ram, and consequently the position of the ram drive or counter ram drive relative to the mold tube or ram Portioning chamber channel must be changed depending on the position of the cross bar.

However, due to the possible fine positioning of the counter punch, it is now also possible to readjust the volume of the portioning chamber for each new slice to be separated, depending on how the deviations from the nominal weight occur in the previously measured actual weights of the separated slices has shown.

In particular, it is also possible in this way not only to strictly adhere to the SoII weight of individual slices, but also the target weight of portions, which should include several slices, since this is no longer the SolMst deviations as in the past ad¬ dieren the individual slices, but concretely shortly before the end of the completion of the portion by Ver¬ weigh eg the individual slices the difference of the actual weight of SoII- weight in the sum is known and can be compensated by the one or more last slices or controlled in the desired manner, for example by approaching the actual weight of the total portion of the unte¬ limit of the permissible tolerance range.

This is particularly easy if one of z. B. 6 slices existing portion whose target weight is given to two partial portions, for example, 2 x 3 slices or 1 x 5 slices and 1 x 1 slice, divided by the partial portions with several slices separated by succession, but on take one after the other in the portioning chamber, and after determining the actual weight of the first partial portion, the last partial portion can be given correspondingly precisely with respect to the desired weight and thus also actual weight by means of corresponding adjustment of the longitudinal position of the counterpunch.

The longitudinally movable counter punch further includes a third advantage in that, by means of the movable counter punch, a problem occurring especially when cutting cubes can be eliminated:

Here, in the feed direction in front of the portioning knife the strand-like material to be cut by several cutting in the feed, pre-cut in the zueinan¬ standing knife a knife gate in strips, and an¬ closing by the usual, transverse cutting portioning knife of these strips z. B. cuboid pieces, usually in cube form, separated, which z. B. for the production of goulash, Geschnetzeltem or the like is needed.

When pushing forward into the portioning chamber, therefore, the strand is already cut into individual strips which no longer have a fiber-related relationship to one another. Because within a z. B. meat strands different fiber types and thus different tissue hardnesses and elasticities are present, this causes the individual strips in the portioning cavity expand differently, so the cross section of a strip expands much more and the cross section of the other strip unintentionally reduced, so that uneven cubes arise.

This has been counteracted so far by webs were arranged in this case in the Portionier- cavity, according to the position of the strip-cutting knife gate to create dedicated, individual cavities for the individual strips or cubes and vor¬ their extension in the transverse direction vor¬. For this purpose, however, the webs had to be used separately or new portioning plates had to be used, when changing from slicing to dicing. By means of the longitudinally displaceable press die, this can be avoided, in that the counter punch "picks up" the cutting good to be advanced into the portioning chamber at the level of the portioning knife, that is to say the open side of the portioning chamber, by filling the part before filling Portioning chamber of the counter punch is advanced until the opening of the portioning chamber, vor¬ preferably until it touches the front end face of the material to be cut, and then zu¬ together with the material to be cut moves in the feed direction, preferably un¬ ter constant contact the front surface of the material to be cut on the pressing surface of the counter punch until it has reached the desired position in the portioning plate.

Especially if it should also be dispensed on a pre-press plate before the knife gate, the counter-punch can have introduced from its open front, intersecting slots that correspond in position and thickness and depth of the knife gate, so that - if the portioning knife transversely from the Mold cavity is removed - the counter punch to the first cutting edge of the first knife gate between the knife can be pushed into it ben and there serves as a stop surface for the front of the Schneidgu¬ tes.

The counter punch then moves with the material to be cut in the axial direction at the beginning of the cutting process, and only when the counter punch is no longer in the area of action of the portioning knife, the cutting process takes place only in the transverse direction with the aid of the portioning knife.

As a result, the individual strips are not inserted into an already existing portioning cavity, and a different transverse extension is not possible, since the normally narrow crushed strips do not extend forward towards the bottom of the empty, available portioning cavity as a means of escape can.

If, with a device according to the invention, it is desired to produce slices or pieces of diced food, ie to additionally cut by means of Of course, the knife gate should or should not be moved, of course, on the one hand the knife gate must be moved out of its working position and replaced by a corresponding filling piece.

In addition, a special cross-sectional shape of the mold cavity and thus also of the cavity in the portioning chamber is recommended in order to be able to deform the material to be cut in the transverse direction with one and the same forming tube or portioning tube so that both slices and cubed bodies are cut can be.

For this purpose, a parallelogram-shaped cross-sectional contour, in particular with rounded corners, and a large corner angle of 120 ° - 150 ° is recommended.

On the one hand, this offers the advantage that the volume can be changed by means of a channel and a transversely movable transverse punch, in that the transverse punch forms one of the sides of the parallelogram and is displaced in the direction of the adjacent parallelogram sides.

In addition, however, this cross-sectional shape also offers the possibility that in the knife gate the two knife directions do not lie at right angles to each other, but instead run parallel to the outer sides of the parallelogram. Although this does not cut cube-shaped but parallelogram-shaped pieces of meat, this does not make any difference for the consumer.

On the other hand, this offers the advantage that with this cross-sectional shape the typical cutting material in the form of a pig's salmon can still be pressed into this cross-sectional shape, and yet there is a shape in which the cutting of the uniform cube-shaped body is also possible.

The separation of the cubes from one another is preferably facilitated by separating bars or ge spanned wires at the contact surfaces of the cubes to each other when ejected from the portioning plate in the throw path. Preferably, for this process, the control of the ram and counter punch will permit a precisely synchronous movement of these two rams, or even a mechanical coupling of the two rams, preferably decoupled, may be provided.

In particular, with the aid of the control system, the pressing dies can each be withdrawn after the separation of a disk and thus the cutting material is relieved of the pressure in the forward direction before the separated disk is removed, for example by moving away the portioning chamber, by an undesired escape of the material at that time To avoid cutting material forward from the mold cavity.

A fourth advantage of the longitudinally movable counter punch is that when the meat strand is advanced and analogous backward movement of the counter punch is performed for the purpose of filling the portioning chamber, both initially run along the desired thickness by a small distance and subsequently Counterstamp and cutting material, possibly also the ram, back against the feed direction to move back so far until the counter punch has reached the desired position in the portioning cavity. This may help to apply a predetermined pressure defined for the portioning chamber defined by the counter punch, since, despite substantial incompressibility of the material to be cut, the pressure at the front end of the material to be cut may deviate greatly from the pressure applied by the pressing die due to circumstances the intervening friction between material to be cut and forming tube, etc.

For these and other purposes, a pressure measurement in the portioning cavity can be provided, for example by measuring the pressure or the pressing force of the counter punch.

On the one hand, the correlation between volume and weight absorbed depends on the specific weight of the material to be cut, and this modest but not completely insignificant from the pressure prevailing in the cutting material. On the other hand, the pressure in the portioning chamber should be between predefined limits before or during portioning, that is to say cutting off of the slice, since too low a pressure in the material to be cut can lead to incomplete filling of the portioning chamber and too high an internal pressure Structure of the material to be cut can damage.

In order not to increase the pressure prevailing in the material to be cut before the cutting process during the cutting process by the penetrating knife and its volume displacement, but on the other hand not to lower, and thereby reduce the dimensional stability and weight accuracy of the disc to be separated, the goal is this before the start of Schneidvor¬ gangs pressure to keep as constant as possible during the cutting process.

In order to achieve this, the volume displacement achieved by the penetrating portioning knife is compensated for by a counter punch which is retracted to the same extent, ie in particular increasingly and not abruptly, which makes it possible to keep the pressure constant as at the beginning of the cutting process.

In order to keep the volume displacement by the cutting blade as low as possible, the cutting blade is made as thin as possible, and for this purpose not formed as intrinsically stable plate, but as in the running direction of the knife, very thin plate or foil, but in particular as ge ¬ closed plate, which completely closes the front opening of the mold cavity after the complete severing of the strand-like material to be cut.

Another possibility is to make the knife also very thin and preferably biased in the longitudinal direction, but viewed in plan view narrow and strip-shaped, and not as a wide plate, so that the portioning knife completely through the cut material, so after separating the disc on the exit side facing away from the entrance side of the Cutting food leaves. If both edges of the strip-shaped knife are ground sharply, the knife can remain in this position, and the return stroke only take place when the material to be cut is advanced again and prepared to separate the next slice, so that the return stroke of the knife is already the next Cutting process is and an empty return stroke is avoided.

Especially in the case of pre-pressing the starting material to a defined shaped strand in the forming tube, this plate-shaped portioning knife does not allow the pressure in the longitudinal direction to be absorbed by the material to be cut, produced by the pressing stamp, preferably upstream in the feed direction Portioning knife a vor¬ in the feed path einbringbare, stable pre-press plate, which also closes the mold cavity close to the front, vor¬ seen.

After preforming and pre-compression of the material to be cut, which with a higher pressure than in the subsequent advancing and portioning, namely with usually 1, 0 bar to 6.0 bar against a pressure in the portioning chamber when portioning only 0, 2 bar to 1, 0 bar is done, the pre-press plate is moved out of the feed path in the transverse direction and moves the material to be cut in the feed direction for portioning.

As a rule, a separate so-called cutting tube with an analogue inner diameter is arranged flush to this end between the portioning chamber and the forming tube, on the one hand the pre-pressing plate and, on the other hand, the two knife guards, which are usually arranged directly behind it in the feed direction, if Strips and cubes instead of slices should be produced from the strand.

The knives of the knife gate preferably also consist, like the portioning knife, of a very thin, very thin, strip-shaped metal plate which is stable only by prestressing in its direction of travel. However, the cutting tube can also be an integral, one-piece component of the molded tube and, in the case of a two-part molded tube, also its individual parts, forming tube groove and side punch, the direction of movement of the side punch coinciding with the direction of progression of the one knife gate, and that extending transversely thereto Other knife gate individual knives heraus¬ be accepted according to the approach of the side punch.

Press punches and / or counter punches are generally driven by a conventional punch drive, for example a hydraulic cylinder or an electric drive or the like, preferably only one such drive unit being in alignment with the feed path, with several on a turret or a transverse displacement unit existing Portionier plates or forming tubes.

In addition or instead, the counter punch can also be actuated by means of spring biasing and / or be acted upon in spite of its adjustability in the longitudinal direction on its back with compressed air, which can then be used for ejecting the separated disc from the portioning chamber.

For this purpose, the mentioned valves for shutting off the pressure chamber, preferably the solid bottom of the Portionier chamber on the back of the ram, available, the release either vent lines, Druckluftanschluss or vacuum connection or close, while preferably in the front of the ram also the already mentioned, preferably closable via valves, openings for Unterdruckbeauf¬ suppression of Portionier cavity are available.

In order to additionally facilitate the ejection of the separated slice from the portioning chamber, several possibilities are provided.

For one compressed air outlets in the pressing surface of the counter punch, possibly also an annular gap between the outer periphery of the article and the inner circumference surface of the portioning chamber to cause the separation of the separated slice from the portioning chamber.

In this case, the axial moving out of the disk from the portioning chamber is generally effected by advancing the counterpunch in the direction and preferably until the opening of the portioning chamber. There, the movement of the counter punch is stopped as suddenly as possible to assist the detachment of the disc by their kinetic energy, which can be further promoted by opening compressed air outlets in z. For example, the pressing surface of the counter-stem feeder for detaching the discs shortly before reaching this position.

By the fine adjustment of the target weight of the disc, z. As a result of the fine adjustment of the position of the counter punch, it is also possible to minimize the less usable remnants of a meat strand etc. after portioning:

By weighing, in particular automatically weighing, the starting cut material before or after being introduced into the forming tube, the desired weight of the individual slices or portions in the frame can preferably be determined by means of an integrated computing device in the control for the overall machine whose permissible tolerance values are changed in such a way that, taking into account the initial weight and possibly taking into account known shrinkage as known experience, fissuring by the meat or the portioning plate, etc. Weight a possible small, not portionable residual weight remains.

This residual weight, thus previously known, can be used, for example, to create a clean start and end area for the remaining, usable, dimensional portions distributed over a gate disc and a residual disc or completely without residue. The portioning device according to the invention is preferably built up in a modular manner, so that the individual modules can be retrofitted by the operator if necessary or replaced by modules with different functionality in order to adapt the machine to a new intended use.

On the one hand, the cutting tube with the knife gates contained therein and the pre-press plate can be completely reworked, ie can be inserted between the forming tube and the portioning module.

On the other hand, on the side of the portioning module, the portioning turret can be exchanged with another one, for example a portioning turret with several portioning chambers of equal size or smaller portioning chambers, with portioning chambers of different sizes, or portioning turrets whose portioning chambers have an invariable depth those which have a variable depth by means of counter punch.

Also, the counter punch itself is interchangeable with such with other mechanical construction, in particular without having to exchange the counter punch drive with.

Similarly, the Portionierwaage for weighing the separated slices, which is preferably ange¬ arranged in the conveyor for transporting the discs ange¬, retrofitted.

On the side of the feed module, the feed turret is also exchangeable, for example for the purpose described with reference to the portioning turret, but also exchangeable for a single forming tube instead of a forming tube turret.

Also, or in a turret, the various mold tubes are also individually exchangeable with other mold tubes, and analogously on the side of Porti¬ onierrevolvers the Portionierkammern against other Portionierkammern individually interchangeable. Also, the punch is - like the counter punch - individually interchangeable, ins¬ particular against a ram with other functionality, such as additional mechanical holding devices in its pressing surface, etc.

Also, a cross-sectional determination of the mold cavity, for example by determining the position of the side punch and / or by scanning, in particular optical scanning, even after the compression in the mold cavity vor¬ existing free spaces that are not filled by the cutting material (eg., Behind the bone content of a material to be cut ), can be retrofitted separately.

It is of great importance that the software of the central control of the machine is of analogous modular design, in order to change or supplement the corresponding control modules accordingly when retrofitting or converting physical modules on the machine, in particular, only unlock them. to be able to.

c) embodiments

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

1: the entire device cut along the feed direction and viewed from above in the feed direction,

2: detailed representations of the forming tube and the knife,

3 shows a detailed representation of the portioning module,

4 shows the process of portioning, 5 shows a second design of the device cut along the feed direction 10,

FIG. 6 shows the forming tube or portioning tube consisting of channel and transverse punch in cross section in different states, and FIG

Fig. 7: an enlarged detail of Fig. 5 with material to be cut.

FIG. 1a shows along the feed path 10 ^' the functional interaction of the individual components, namely the feed module 100 located at the bottom in this case and the portioning module 1 arranged above it, and the portioning knife 4 located between them, each in longitudinal section through its centers are shown, for clarity, without filling, so without cutting material.

Instead of an exactly vertical arrangement as shown in Figure 1 a, the An¬ order can also be chosen inclined.

The feed module 100 comprises the upwardly and downwardly open forming tube 101, which has an internal cross-section which remains constant in the feed direction 10 and is closed at the rear, in particular lower, rear end by a suitable press stamp 102, which is longitudinally driven by means of a ram drive 108 , ie in and against the feed direction, is movable in the forming tube 101 and can change its internal volume.

In the feed direction 10 thereafter, that is to say upwards, in this case, a cutting tube 25 adjoins the forming tube 101 in an aligned manner, possibly without a gap (for example, pressed by a pressing cylinder), which has the same internal cross section.

The cutting tube 25 serves to guide the knife guards 23 a, b running in transverse directions 11, 11 ', which are mutually cross-shaped and each consist of a plurality of parallel knives, in which the individual ones are arranged Knife pass through slots of the opposite walls of the Schneidroh¬ res 25 and thereby extend over the entire inner cross section of the cutting tube 25 where they are indeed reciprocated in their longitudinal extent for dividing the initially still strandförmigen cutting material in each extending in the direction of 10 strips.

Immediately before, so in this case below the knife gates 23 a, b is a pre-press plate 22 with a direction transverse to the feed direction 10 in ent speaking slots of the cutting tube 25 transverse, and can close or release the inner cross-section by means of the pre-press 22nd vor¬ existing hole with the same inner cross-section as the cutting tube 25th

This pre-pressing plate 22 serves in the inserted, the cross-section verschließ¬ the state to support the inserted into the forming tube 101 in its original form strand of material to be cut during pre-forming and pre-pressing according to the remaining inner contour of the forming tube in the direction of the front end, without thereby significantly less Stable knife the Messer¬ gates 23 a, b to burden. If the knife gates 23a, b are missing, the pre-press plate 22 is also not necessary, because then directly against the portioning module 1, e.g. against the countermark, is pre-pressed.

The portioning module 1 comprises a blind-hole-shaped portioning plate 5, whose bottom surface is opposite the feed module 100, formed by an inner cross-section of the blind-hole portioning chamber 7 counter-punch 12 which in the longitudinal direction, ie in and against the feed direction 10, can be moved by means of a counter punch drive 13 be¬. The inner cross section of the portioning chamber 7 corresponds to that of the cutting tube 25 and the forming tube 101 and is aligned therewith.

The strand of material to be cut pushed forward out of the forming tube 101 by means of the pressing punch 102 forward, ie in the feed direction 10, is pushed forward, thereby cutting strips running lengthwise from the knives of the two cutting gates, and advancing until it abuts pushed to the counter punch 12, and thus fill with their front end vor¬ their end and the portioning chamber 7 in the portioning plate 5. Before this takes place after the pre-forming in the forming tube, in which no cavities unfilled with material to be cut may remain in the mold tube cavity 101a, after taking out the pre-pressing plate 22 from the inner cross section.

In this state, the portioning knife 4 is then introduced transversely into the inner cross section and thereby cuts the strand of material to be cut, thus cutting off its front end, namely the volume accommodated in the portioning chamber 7, in the form of a disk 2. as shown in the other figures.

The ram drive 108 and / or counter punch drive 13 must be fast and accurate to move, especially the exact mobility is difficult by a pneumatic drive. Instead, mechanical drives, for example by means of a threaded spindle or ball-roll spindle, are preferred which combine speed and precise positioning. The two drives can be controlled separately, but also - electrically or mechanically - be synchronized.

In Figure 1a, the transport device 50 is further shown in the form of a conveyor belt for transporting the portioned slices or cubes, as well as the turret drives 6a and 106a for rotating the portioning turret 6 by the portioning plates are 5, as well as the Feed turret 106, on which the forming tubes 101 are located, as well as for positioning these revolvers in the desired rotational position.

In this case, the direction of movement of the side punch 104 into the forming tube groove 103 can also be oblique to the longitudinal axis of the contour of the shaping cavity 101a, which has the advantage that the length and width of the forming cavity 101a are changed simultaneously. Various portioning knives 4 are shown in Figure 2b. The portioning knife 4 has a surface which is large enough to cut and cover the cross section of the forming tube cavity 101a and thus the entire material to be cut 3 after the slice 2 has been cut off, which is especially important for the subsequent cutting Querverlagern the filled with the disc 2 Portionier plate 5 is important.

In this case, the cutting edge 4b can run straight, in particular obliquely, with respect to the direction of movement of the knife, namely the transverse direction 11, or can also be contoured in the shape of a V or otherwise. However, it is important that the portioning knife 4 is tensioned in its course 4 ^' , ie transversely to its direction of movement, for example between the freely ending legs of a portioning knife 4 receiving, eg U-shaped knife bracket 24th

Due to this bias, the blade despite sufficient inherent stability in the untensioned state, ie when produced from a very thin steel plate, sufficiently stable and displaced during cutting still little volume.

Figure 2a shows in cross-section the formation of the forming tube 101 of two parts, namely the U-shaped forming tube groove 103 with mutually parallel inner edges, and the precisely fitting side punch 104 which is movable in the transverse direction 11 and thereby the remaining Formrohr- cavity 101a may vary:

This serves to adapt the initial cross-section of the cavity 101a even before the cross-sectional contour of the starting material 3 to be pressed. For this purpose, the side punch 104 can be moved completely out of the forming tube channel 103, thereby facilitating the cutting material 3 to be introduced into the forming tube channel 103.

Since the starting material to be cut 3, regardless of whether meat strand or fish body, usually no round, even more angular, but rather an oval Quer¬ section has, the inner cross section of the forming tube channel 103 is designed analogously, Thus, the forming tube groove 103 provided with a bottom, for example, semicircular and / or rounded cross-section, and the end face of Seitenstem¬ pels 104 concave analog, so that the two together have the contour of a rounded rectangle or an elongated hole.

In this case, two identical mold tubes 101, 101 ^' are arranged in FIG. 2c on a four-revolver, of which one can be used for portioning, for example when using one size 101, while the other is cleaned simultaneously and / or with a new one Cutting material 3 can be filled.

On the other hand, FIG. 2 d shows only a double revolver, which has two equal size tubes 101.

Since this variable cross-section must be closable by means of corresponding press dies 102 a, b ..., the side punch 104 can approach preferably defined transverse positions 105 a, b ... within the mold tube channel 103, for the analogous shaped press dies 102 a, b. .. are available or the ram is infinitely adjustable in its surface.

After inserting the starting material to be cut 3, the side punch 104 will thus have such a transverse position, e.g. 105a, approach, in which the starting material to be cut 3 is already deformed and pre-pressed in the transverse direction so far that it largely or completely fills the remaining internal cross-section.

Subsequently, with the appropriate punch, e.g. 102a pushed the material to be cut 3 in the feed direction 10 against the pre-pressing plate 22 and pressed so far in the longitudinal direction that then no voids between Schneid¬ good 3 and inner contour of the forming tube cavity 101a remain more.

Instead of the two-part, variable forming tube 101 of forming tube groove 103 and side punch 104 and one-piece molding tubes 101 a, b can be used with different sized inner cross-section. In FIGS. 2c and 2d, such forming tubes 101, 101 ^{'are arranged} on a feed turret 106, the axis of rotation 110 of which lies parallel to and away from the feed path 10 ^' , so that the desired forming tube 101, 101 ^' with the matching and already therein guided pressing punch 102 a, b ... in the feed path 10 ^' can be screwed.

The same applies on the side of the Portioniermoduls 1 for different sized Porti- onier-chambers 7 a, b in corresponding Portionier plates 5 a, b, which in turn on a portioning revolver 6 analogous to the feed turret 106, but possibly with mutually offset axes of rotation , as shown in Figure 1a, are arranged.

Press punch drive 108 and counter punch drive 103 are thereby preferably only simple, namely fixedly arranged on the feed path 10 ^' .

If a cutting tube 25 is present, this must also be changed together with the forming tube 101 a, b or be arranged with the portioning plate 5 together on ei¬ nem revolver.

Especially on the side of the portioning module 1, the training in turret construction can be used as follows:

Figure 1 b and 1c show in the plan view from above according to Figure 1 a such a portioning turret 6 and forming tube turret 106. On the portioning turret 6 may be in this case two, are also three or more, different, however in their contour and size equal sized portioning plates 5 with corre sponding, equally equal and equally contoured portioning chamber 7a, b .. are.

This can be used to continue to rotate the portioning turret 6 after separating a disc 2 in the cutting position S of the revolver and bring the next chamber, eg 7b to cutting position and immediately after retraction of the knife 4 again by advancing the cutting material 3 to fill. The just-filled portioning chamber 7a is further rotated together with the separated disc 2 still located therein, for example, in the immediately following ejection position A, and only there the disc 2 from the portioning chamber 7a and 7b ejected and on eg a transport device 50th ab¬ laid.

The optionally remaining two rotational positions of the portioning turret 6 can serve, for example, for cleaning the portioning chamber 7 or serve a rotational position of the feed turret 106 also for filling the Formhohlrau¬ mes 101a, by in this position another transport device 50 ^' the next cutting material 3 transported, optionally under automatic weighing by means of a transport device 50 ^' integrated direct balance 107th

Of course, also on the side of the portioning chamber 7, the cross section of the chamber can be changed, e.g. by two-part formation of the portioning plate 5 by means of channel 103 and side punch, as has already been described analogously in the case of a multi-part forming tube 101, with the result that the side punch, for example, is also used. can reach defined transverse positions for which corresponding counter punches 12 must be available.

This makes it possible, despite the arrangement of several equally large Portionier- chambers 7a, b ... on a portioning turret 6 time-saving cutting and ejecting at different rotational positions and thus simultaneously perform, and still the advantage of adjusting the sizes of Portionier chambers 7 on the entire portioning revolver 6 to keep.

In an analogous manner, on the side of the feed turret 106, such a distribution of the functions to a plurality of rotational positions serve to refill the next forming tube 101 with cutting material 3 while advancing and portioning a material 3 on the feed path 10 ^' in another rotational position , optionally already in the transverse direction 11 by means of the side punch To press 104 to clean the mold tube to disinfect with UV light and the like.

Here, FIG. 3 shows, in a partial section through the portioning module 1 and its portioning turret 6, how the ejection process, which in principle is facilitated by the arrangement of the portioning plates 5 above the forming tubes 101, is followed by the portioning chambers 7 are open at the bottom and thus the ejection of the discs 2 is already promoted by their gravity.

Figure 3 shows in this case the recording not only a separated slice 2 in the portioning chamber 7, but the possibility created by the longitudinally movable Gegen¬ stamp 12, several slices 2, even different target thickness D and actual thickness, one behind the other Separate, and collect together first in the still in cutting position S Portionier chamber 7a and leave until the desired number of slices, which may represent about a portion or partial portion is reached, and only then this Kam¬ mer 5 of the Spend cutting position S in the ejection position A according to the left half Bild¬ half of Figure 3, which saves time in the workflow. The Ausstoßposi¬ tion A may be diametrically opposed to the cutting position S, as shown in Figure 3, or at any intermediate angle.

In Figure 3 in the right half of the situation when separating a second disc 2 is shown, while a first separated disc 2 is already in the Portionier chamber 7 at cutting position S, and the counter punch 12 thus at an axial position corresponding to twice the Slice thickness D be¬ finds.

In the left half of the image, the two now separated slices 2 are still outside the portioning chamber 7 still adhering to the counter punch 12, and will be ejected from this in this ejection position A underneath transport device 50, in which as a direct balance a Portio¬ nierwaage 14, which immediately weighs the portion falling thereon, in this case consisting of two disks 2, and the weighing result corresponds to that in FIG 1 indicated control 20 for all moving components of the overall machine, in order to adjust the setting especially the position of Ge genstempels 12 for the subsequent cutting operations.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, on the rear side of the counter punch 12, ie between the fixed bottom of the portioning plate 5, which can also be directly the portioning turret 6, and the rear side of the counter punch 12 can be used as a pressure space 16, lockable interior available.

The interior space 16 can be acted upon by closable valves 18a, b with lines for venting and / or compressed air and / or underpressure, and can therefore also be closed in a pressure-tight manner by closing all the valves.

Thus, for the ejection of the pressure chamber 16 with pressure, so compressed air, are acted upon, and thereby the counter punch 12 against the Vorschub¬ direction 10 are moved downward, preferably until the pressing surface of the counter punch 12 with the opening, ie the bottom, the portioning Plate 5 is aligned, or shortly before, which is realized by means of a preferably positive end stop.

The ram 102 stands thereby - at least as long as the corresponding Porti¬ onier plate 5 is in the cutting position S - under a entspre¬ the pressure by a pressure sensor 15, either between the Gegen¬ punch 12 and the counter punch drive 13 acting on it is arranged or directly in the pressing surface of the counter punch 12, as shown in Figure 1, or by measuring the power consumption in the drive 108 is determined, or it is mechanically firmly locked in the corresponding longitudinal position.

In Figure 3, in the ejection position A of the counter punch 12 by a drive 13 ^' , preferably a drive analogous to the drive at the cutting position S, in the longitudinal direction 10 be displaced. Preferably, however, this should be omitted. As described, the counter punch 12 can be moved downwards, thereby mechanically ejecting the disks 2 from the portioning chamber 7, which preferably ends when the pressing surface of the punch 12 has reached the opening of the portioning chamber 7.

This pressurization of compressed air has the further advantage that it can also be used for detaching the first disc 2 adhering to the counter-punch 12:

For this purpose - as shown in Fig. 3 - the counter punch 12 is formed in two parts with an additional, in the forward direction 10 ver¬ sliding stop member 19. The stop member 19 has a forward court ended stop 19a, with which the movement the front end position is achieved ge compared to a firmly connected to the portioning plate 5 component.

The stamp plate 12 ^'provided with its own stamp on the back is mounted in the hollow punch of the stop member 19 and the stop member 19 is biased by a spring 30 in the retracted position relative to the fixed bottom of the plate 5.

The pressure plate 12 ^' is penetrated by air openings 8a which widen to the rear, into which the extensions of the stop element 19 pointing forwardly, which can close off the air openings 8a, fit into the projection.

When ejecting the counter punch 12 at the end of the ejection position, so preferably before alignment of the pressure plate 12 ^' before the front end of Porti¬ onier chamber 7a, abruptly stopped by the end stop 19a to a Ablö sen sen of the discs 2a, b by the to support kinetic energy. Late in this state, the spring 30 presses against this downward movement of the counter punch 12 against a corresponding shoulder of the stop member 19 upwards and thereby prevents the projections at the lower end of An¬ impact member 19, the air openings 8a close. The compressed air, with which the pressure chamber 16 is acted, thus flows through the air openings 8a on the front of the pressure plate 12 ^' and thus between the pressure plate 12 ^' and there adhering first disc 2, and dissolves them. An unsupportive effect can be achieved if further air openings are present between the outer circumference of the press plate 12 ^' and the inner circumference of the portioning chamber 7, for example in the form of a circumferential annular gap.

After repelling the discs 2, the corresponding press plate 5 can be used again for portioning, and is brought back to the cutting position S at the appropriate time. There then presses for applying a corresponding counterforce of the counter punch drive 13 from above, ie counter to the feed direction, on the rear end faces of both the stop member 19 and the counter punch 12 until the rear end faces are aligned, whereby a relative position of the two Parts is reached to each other, in which the Fortsät¬ ze at the front, lower end of the stop member 19, which open up the die plate 12 ^'of the counter punch 12 penetrating air openings.

FIGS. 4 show the individual states of motion using the example of a portioning chamber 7 until the two separated slices 2a, b are located one after the other in the portioning chamber 7, and not additionally in the form of a disk, but rather divided into slices individual cubes or cuboids.

Figure 1 shows the basic situation at the transition between the forming tube 101, cutting tube 25 and portioning plate 5, as shown in Figure 1 on the feed path 10 ^' . In this case, the pre-pressing plate 22 is still in the Formhohl¬ space 101a closing position, but the cutting material 3 is so far vorverpresst in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction that in the mold cavity 101a no more cavities are present, which would not be filled with material to be cut 3.

After removal of the pre-pressing plate 22, the material to be cut 3 is pushed forward by means of the press ram 102 until it touches the counter-punch 12 which closes the opening of the portioning chamber 7 with its pressing surface, as shown in Figure 4a, wherein the cutting material 3 is already cut into strips by passing through the two knife gates 23a, b. According to FIG. 4b, the material to be cut 3 is then moved into the poration chamber 7 together with the counter punch 12, in particular together due to synchronous movement of the ram 102.

This is continued until the counter punch 12 and thus the material to be cut 3 reaches the desired depth, as a rule corresponding to the desired thickness D of the sheet 2 to be produced (FIG. 4c).

After stopped in this position, the counter punch 12, preferably mechanically fixed, is, the portioning knife 4 is retracted in the transverse direction in the Form¬ cavity until it has completely severed the cutting material 3 in the transverse direction 11 and a first disc 2, if necessary divided z. B. in cuboid, is separated from the strand.

Subsequently, the portioning knife 4 is withdrawn from the inner cross section, cutting material 3 including the separated slice 2 and together with the counter punch 12 on which it bears under pretension, moves further in the feed direction 10, preferably in turn together with the synchronously Pressing dies 102 moved away until the counter punch 12 has reached the next defined axial position, preferably corresponding to a depth of twice the set thickness D of the disks 2 in the portioning chamber 7.

In this position, in turn, the stopping and preferably fixing of the counter punch 12 in this longitudinal position, and again the retraction of the portioning knife 4 (Figure 4d) from the outside into the inner cross section until again a next slice 2b is completely separated.

In this way, the corresponding number of slices can be produced one behind the other, without ejection from the portioning chamber 7a, which, as described above with reference to FIG. 3, and thus only one time per serving per time and not every time per disc, is performed. FIGS. 5 and 7 show, in a longitudinal section, that is to say cut along the feed direction 10, a second design of the device, the representation of the feed module 100 in FIG Turret levers 106a, since in this case the two forming tubes 101 are not on a feed turret, but on ei¬ nem feed cross slide 106 ', with its help - as better with reference to FIG. 7 can be seen - the two parallel to each other Form tubes 101, 101 'transversely to the feed direction 10 from the cutting position S, in which the blades are located in an adjacent discharge position A, which is double on opposite sides to the cutting position S, and can be moved back again.

In addition, FIG. 5 differs from FIG. 1 in that, on the opposite side of the portioning knife 4, the substantially identical unit is still present in mirror image to a plane parallel to the plane of the portioning knife 4, but this time with the function of portioning tubes 5 ', 5 ", which - like the forming tubes 101 and 101' - are preferably arranged together in a Grund¬ body, also transversely displaceable as a cross slide for moving between the cutting position S and the ejection position A angeord¬ net are.

Correspondingly, the axial length of the mold cavities 101a, 101a 'is the same as that of the portioning chamber 7, 7', so that the starting material 3 can be taken up completely sliced into slices or cubes in the portioning chamber 7 above the portioning knife 4, ie the cutting material 3 completely cut into slices or cubes in the Portionierkammer 7 place, without this previously empty, as already mentioned in principle with reference to FIG. 3.

The main advantage of such a design of the machine is that those device parts of the solution according to FIG. 1, which are necessary for a quick and precise emptying of the portioning chamber 7 after each individual slice cut. are dig, and the subsequent equally precise and fast removal to a downstream automatic packaging unit, which must work just as fast, is not needed.

As a result, the construction cost and maintenance costs compared to the machine of Fig. 1 considerably reduced, and still offers the operator halbauto¬ matic operation, because the cutting process itself is automatic, but the filling and emptying of the material to be cut does not necessarily have to be automated, especially if there is not only a pairing of forming tube 101 and portioning tube 5 ', but two such pairs next to each other, as shown with reference to FIGS. 5 and 7, which makes possible the following advantageous method sequence:

After inserting the material to be cut in the mold cavity 101a, which is located in the cutting position S, this is pre-compressed to 3 cutting material by means of the press ram 102 and possibly by means of a cross bar 104. Subsequently, according to FIG. 7, the cutting material 3 by means of the press ram 102 stepwise pushed forward in the direction of the portioning knife 4, with simultaneous contact and synchronous movement of the counter punch 12 on the front end face of the material to be cut 3, and sliced slice by slice 3 by means of the Portieriermessers, or - if a knife gate 23 is present - in cube-shaped pieces until the sliced cutting material 3 voll¬ constantly in the Portionierkammer 7 is.

In the meantime, the operator may add a new starting cut material 3 'to the other mold cavity 101a' located at the ejecting position.

After the end of the described cutting process, the cross slide 106 'with the forming tubes 101, 101' so shifted that the new material to be cut is in the cutting position, and also the cutting tube cross slide 106 "moves in the transverse direction, that the filled portioning chamber 7 - In this case to the right - moved to the ejection position, and there, for example, by means of an axial Slider 109 is later completely pushed out of this portioning chamber 7 to prepare them for reuse.

In the meantime, however, the other portioning chamber T is already at the cutting position S, and the next cutting operation is already taking place during this time.

Since the addition of a new Ausgangsschneidgutes 3 'and the removal of the cut material to be cut from the Portionierkammer 7 - especially if it is also done automatically or semi-automatically - less time be¬ required as the cutting of a whole cut material 3, the operator has a time window available within which he can perform this work so that an operator can operate several such machines simultaneously.

As shown in FIG. 7, the machine is also made cheaper by the fact that ram 102 and / or counter ram 12 and the corresponding drives 108, 13 are present only once, namely at cutting position S.

Another special feature is the formation of the countermark 12:

As next to the portioning knife 4 in a short cutting tube 25 and a cutting plate 25 intersecting knife 23a, 23b a knife gate 23 form for dicing, but which can be completely disabled by lateral retraction of the insert and replacement by a filling tube, has the counter punch 12 in its free end face introduced, intersecting Schlit¬ ze, which have different depth depending on the direction, and serve to receive the blades 23 a, b of the knife gate 23.

As a result, while saving a pre-pressing plate, as explained in, for example, Fig. 3, the counter punch 12 from the beginning, even at the

Vorverpressung, are in direct contact with the front surface of the material to be cut 3, by taking the knife 23 a, b in its appropriate Schiit- can be vorgefah¬ ren up to the axial position of the front edge of the foremost knife 23 ren.

The forming tubes 101, 101 'as well as the portioning tubes 5', 5 "can be designed as tubes which extend over the circumference or, as already explained, consist of two parts, namely a gutter and a transverse punch which can be moved in from the open side of the gutter. B. 104, as shown with reference to the figures 6 as a cross section at an arbitrary longitudinal position of the forming tube 101, as well as the transverse punch 104 is preferably present with its drive only at the cutting position S in the forming tube, and analogously, such a counter punch only at the Cutting position S once at the portioning module 1.

FIG. 6 further shows another mold tube cavity 101a as explained with reference to FIG. 2:

The cross section of the mold cavity is parallelogram-shaped, and the transverse punch 104 forming one side of the parallelogram is displaceable in the direction of the two other sides of the parallelogram between its free leg.

This cross-sectional shape of the cavity allows - in the case of a Mes¬ sergatters - the arrangement of the directions of the blades 23a and 23b pa¬ rallel to the outer surfaces of the parallelogram cross-section, so that not a cube, but small parallelograms, cut however, they all have approximately the same volume.

This cross-sectional shape allows the adaptation of a z. As pig salmon by way of pre-compression without too much deformation, so that in this cross-sectional shape without changing the forming tube both slicing and cutting cubic body is made possible. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 portioning module

2 disc

3 slices

4 portioning knives

4 ^' course direction

5 portioning plate

5 'portioning tube

6 portioning revolver

6 ^' turret axis

6a revolver drive

7 portioning chamber

8 air opening

9 input unit

10 feed direction

10 feed path

11 transverse direction

12 countermarks

13, 13 ^' counter punch drive

14 portioning scale

15 pressure sensor

16 pressure room

17 piston rod

18 a, b, c valve

19 ejector pen

20 control

21 flow channel

22 pre-press plate

23 a, b knife gate 24 knives

25 cutting tube

25 a cutting tube cavity

30 spring

50, 50 ^' transport device

100 feed module

101 molded tube

101 a forming tube cavity

102 press punches

103 formed pipe gutter

103a opening

104, 104 'side stamp

105 a, b transverse position

106 feed turret

106 'feed cross slide

106 "cutting tube cross slide

106a revolver drive

107 direct balance

108 ram drive

109 axial slide

110 rotation axis

D thickness

A eject position S cutting position

Claims

Anspruch [en] A device for cutting weight-accurate slices (2) or slice portions of a sliced material (3), in particular meat or fish, with a portioning module (i) for cutting and depositing the slices (2) or portions , and a feed module (100) for preforming and feeding the material to be cut (3) to the portioning module (1), wherein the feed module (100) comprises: a forming tube (101) extending in the feed direction (10), the rear open end of which is formed by a Feed direction (10) in

Shaping tube (101) movable pressing die (102) is closed for Vor¬ forms and moving the material to be cut (3), characterized in that the forming tube (101) is formed in two parts with a laterally open Formrohr-gutter (103) and transversely in its opening (103a) einschiebba¬ ren side punch (104), the feed module (100) with a plurality of different or one with variable cross-sectional area in the feed direction (10) movable press stamp (102a, b) corresponding to the transverse positions (105a, b .. ).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the side punch (104) only defined transverse positions (105 a, b ..) relative to the Form¬ tubular groove (103) can approach.

3. Device for cutting weight-accurate slices (2) or slice portions of a conditionally-only cutting material (3), in particular fish or meat, with a portioning module (1) for cutting and depositing the discs (2) or portions, and a feed module (100) for preforming and feeding the material to be cut (3) to the portioning module (1), wherein the feed module (100) comprises in the feed direction (10) extending forming tube (101), whose rear open end is closed by a in the feed direction (10) in the forming tube (101) movable ram (102) for Ver¬ drive and moving the material to be cut (3), characterized in that the feed module (100) comprises a plurality of matching pairs of forming tubes (101a, b ...), in particular different cross sections and matching press dies (102a, b ..) with different cross sections, each in common, in particular with the aid of a - Direction of thrust rotary feed turret (106), in the feed path

(10 ') are displaceable into it.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that each pair is present several times.

(Portioning)

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portioning module (1) on the feed module (100) abge¬ facing side of the portioning knife (4) has a portioning plate (5) with a feed module (100 ) open portioning chamber (6), whose cross-section approximately to that of the press ram (102) corresponds.

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of portioning plates (5a, b ..) with portioning chambers (6a, b ..) different from their cross section corresponding to the various press dies (102a, b ..) present are, in particular on a portioning revolver (6) for introducing the correct portioning chamber (7a, b ..) in the feed path (10 ').

(Vacuum in the molding tube area)

7. The device according to at least the preamble of one of vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that the portioning chamber (7) and / or the mold cavity (101a) of the forming tube (101) and the cutting tube (25) near the front end with air openings (8) for venting or act on the cavity with negative pressure are present.

(Weight Determination)

8. The device according to at least the preamble of one of vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that the feed module (100) for determining the weight of the material to be cut (3) comprises an indirect weighing device, with - the after pressing the material to be cut (3) assumed longitudinal position of the press ram (102a, b), an input unit (9) for inputting the type of material to be cut (3) and a computing unit, in particular as part of the control (20) of the device, in the possibly for different genera the specific weights are stored at one or more specific pressures and from the above-mentioned factors on the volume of the material to be cut (3) whose total weight is calculated if necessary, sensors for determining selected forming tube (101a, b...) or transverse position of the side punch (104) and the pressing punch (102a, b...).

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed module (100) has a particularly integrated and / or automatically operating direct balance (107) for in the forming tube (101) to be introduced or imported cutting material (3) in particular Feed path includes, in particular integrated in the ram drive (108).

(Feed direction)

10. The device according to at least the preamble of one of vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that the Portioniermodul (1) above the feed module (100) is arranged and the feed direction (10) from bottom to top, in particular obliquely.

(Rotatable Portioning Plate)

11. The device according to at least the preamble of one of vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that the portioning plate (5) comprises a plurality, in particular two, portioning chambers (7a, b) in the transverse direction in the feed path (10 ^'. ) can be brought into the receiving position, and into an ejection position which is remote from the receiving position, where the disc (2) can be ejected downwards onto a transport device (50).

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of identical or different portioning chambers (7a, b) are part of a positioning turret (6) whose axis of rotation (101) is parallel to the feed direction (10).

(Counterpunch)

13. Device according to at least the preamble of one of the vorhergehen- the claims, characterized in that the bottom of the portioning chambers (7a and b) of a in and against the feed direction (10) displaceable counter punch (12a, b) is formed and in particular in the case of several portioning chambers (7a, b) in a portioning plate (5), the counter punches (12a, b) of the individual portioning chambers (7a, b) only in the receiving position, ie along the feed path (10 ^' ), by a Gegen¬ stamp drive (13) can be acted upon.

14. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portioning chamber (7a) the mold tube cavity (101a) in particular respects the axial length Lich and for receiving the entire starting material to be cut (3) in a Portionier tube ( 5) is formed and in particular with respect to the forming tube (101), z. B. Formrohrrinne (103) and side punch (104) and pressing die (102), analogously to the feed module (100), in particular iden¬ table with this, is constructed.

15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises two pairings of a feed module (100) including the forming tube (101) and a Portioniermodules (1) with a Portionierrohr (5 ') which alternately from a cutting position ( S) for cutting the material to be cut on which the pressing punch and the counter punch drive are located. the, in an ejection position (A) outside the cutting position (S) spend, in particular transversely, leave.

16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the ejection position (A) an axial slide (109) is present, from the portioning tube (5), in particular after removal of the side punch from the portioning channel, the cut sliced ( 3) moved out in the axial direction.

17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the at least two pairs of feed model (100) and portioning module (1) only a common pair of side punches (104, 104 '), which of the cutting position ( S) is assigned.

18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter punch drive (13) works electrically, pneumatically mechanically (for example by means of a threaded spindle) and / or with spring pretension in the feed direction (10).

19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12a, b) is displaceable both by fractions of the nominal thickness (D) of a disc (2) and a multiple of the thickness (D) of a disc ( 2).

20. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12a, b) synchronously or counter-synchronously together with the ram (102) and / or synchronously with the movement of the portioning knife (4) is movable. (Portioning scales)

21. Device according to at least the preamble of one of vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that in the transport device (50) in the ejection position a Portionierwaage (14) is arranged with the control (19) for the counter punch (12a, b ) is gekop¬ pelt.

(Pressure measurement - portioning chamber)

22. Device according to at least the preamble of one of the vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that in the pressing surface of the counter punch (12 a, b) at least one pressure sensor (15) is arranged or the pressure by force measurement on the counter punch drive (13), with the control (20) for the counter punch (12a, b) is in communication to keep constant on the cutting material (3) or the disc (2) wir¬ kenden pressure even during penetration of the portioning knife (4).

(Ejection technology)

23. Device according to at least the preamble of one of vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that the counter punch (102) in the ejection position of the portioning chamber (7a, b ...) is usable as an ejector and in particular together with the behind the Counterpunch (12) lying part of the portioning chamber (7a, b) forms a pressure chamber (16), which can be occluded in a relatively pressure-tight manner while maintaining an edge gap to the edge of the portioning chamber or selectively acted upon with compressed air and / or negative pressure.

24. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure chamber (16) from one of the back of the counter punch (12 a, b) abra¬ ing piston rod (17) is penetrated, the portioning plate (5) on the Rear side for connection with the counter punch drive (13) penetrates.

25. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control (20) for the portioning revolver (6) and / or the counter punch (12a, b) with the valves (18a, b) for opening or closing the Venting lines or compressed air or vacuum lines is connected.

26. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12a, b) is formed in several parts with a stop member (19) and in the opposite direction displaceably mounted counter punch (12).

27. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stamp plate ^'is penetrated by air openings (8a) in the zu¬ retracted rest position of the stop member (19) relative to the press plate (12 ^(12)' are opened).

(Cocked knife)

28. The device according to at least the preamble of one of vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that the portioning knife (4), in particular a strip-shaped Portioniermesser (4) is stretched in its direction of extension, in particular between the ends of a stable U-shaped knife bracket (24) is tensioned with adjustable Vor¬ voltage and the portioning knife (4) is designed much thinner than is formed in self-stable shape as a cutting blade without frame, in particular only with a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

(Vorpressplatte)

29. Device according to at least the preamble of one of the vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that between the feed module (100) and the Portioniermodul (1) transversely in the feed path (10 ^' ) einbringbare, the mold cavity (101 a) verschließ¬ de, in particular tightly closing, pre-pressing plate (22) is inserted and in particular between the portioning knife (4) and the pre-pressing (22) at least one transverse knife gate (23a, b), in particular immediately behind the pre-pressing (22), is available.

30. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one knife gate (23 a, b) and the pre-pressing plate (22) in an insert (25) are guided, the cavity (25 a) open on both sides and cursing dense front end of the mold cavity (101a) with the in the feed path (10 ^' ) down subsequent portioning chamber (7a, b) connects.

31. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that waiving the pre-pressing plate (22) of the counter punch (12) from the free end face lattice-shaped notches corresponding to the knife gate (23 a, b) to the foremost cutting edge of the knife gate (23) between the knives can be advanced.

32. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming tube cavity (101) has the shape of a parallelogram, insbesonde¬ re with rounded corners, wherein one side of the parallelogram is formed by the front surface of the counter punch and its Verschie¬ direction parallel to the direction of the two adjacent sides of the Paral¬ lelogramms, and in the presence of the knife gate (23a, b) the course direction of the knife is parallel to the directions of the sides of the parallelogram ,

33. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has a plurality of cutting plates (25a, b) whose cross sections of the cavities (25a) vary according to the existing forms of the press stamp (102a, b).

(Pressure / volume control in portioning chamber)

34. Device according to at least the preamble of one of the vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that the mold cavity (101), in particular by the press ram (102) and / or the pre-pressing (22) through, vacuum connections and in particular the device no portioning chamber (7 a ...) has.

(Modular structure)

35. The device according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is constructed in a modular manner, and both the Portioniermodul (1) and the feed module (100) is separately replaceable and replaceable with other functions equipped modules , and also in particular within the portioning module (1), the portioning turret (6), the counter punch (12), in particular separately and independently of the counter punch drive (13), and within the feed module (100) of the feed turret (106) and the ram ( 102), in particular without the punch drive (108) and wherein also the entire cutting tube (25) is exchangeable or removable / retrofittable.

36. Method for cutting weight-accurate panes (2) or slice portions of a cutting material (3), in particular fish or meat, wherein a portioning knife (4) fixed in the feed direction (10) comprises a slice ( 2) immediately after the front, open end of the Form¬ tube (101) or cutting tube from the cutting material (3) is separated, - the disc (2) is removed from the cutting material (3), characterized in that at or immediately before the Cutting off the disc (2), the physical conditions in or near the abzutrennendem part of the material to be cut (3), in particular the pressure to be monitored and / or regulated.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the cut material (3) is pressed before its separation with its front end face in a blind hole portioning chamber (7a) with a defined depth until it fills completely.

38. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at or immediately before the cutting of the disc (2), the physical conditions in the portioning chamber (7a) in particular in the part of the material to be cut (3), in particular the pressure , with which the material to be cut (3) at the bottom of the portioning chamber (7a) is applied, monitored and / or regulated.

39. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom of the portioning chamber (7a) as in the feed direction (10) movable counter punch (12) is formed and its loading force in longitudinal direction is measured by the counter punch drive (13) and / or its pressing force against the material to be cut (3) is measured directly.

40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that after the separation of the disc (2) and in particular before the moving away of the disc (2), in particular by means of moving away of the portioning chamber (7a), the pressure of the cutting material (3) is taken, in particular by retracting the axially movable ram (102).

41. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portioning chamber (7a, b) is vented during insertion of the material to be cut or subjected to negative pressure in order to facilitate the full filling of the portioning chamber (7).

42. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that upon insertion of the material to be cut in the portioning chamber (7a) of the counter punch (12) is further withdrawn as it corresponds to the desired thickness of the late ren disc (2) and only during or after the forward sliding of the material to be cut (3) by means of a press ram (102) from the rear end, which happens by a defined distance, the counter punch (12) in the Gegenrich¬ direction against the material to be cut (3) to the desired thickness (D), in particular with a defined force.

43. The method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actual weight of the disc (2), in particular of each disc (2), automatically er¬ averages and depending on the detected deviation to its desired weight the physical parameters in the portioning chamber (7) are changed for the following slices (2), in particular when cutting in the slices (2) tionier chamber (7a) in the material to be cut (3) prevailing pressure and / or the axial Tie¬ Fe the portioning chamber (7a).

44. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure in the portioning chamber (7a), in particular in the cutting material (3) located there, is kept constant during the cutting process, in particular also against the pressure immediately before Beginning of the cutting process, in particular by increasing the volume available for the material to be cut (3), in particular by means of defined retraction of the counter-punch (12), corresponding to the volume displacement by the penetrating portioning knife (4) relative to the pressing die (12 ), in particular each half the thickness of the portioning knife (4).

(Residue-free portioning)

45. Method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight of the starting material to be cut (3) is determined indirectly by volume determination or directly by weighing, in particular automatically, and depending on this, the target weight of the individual disks ( 2 a, b) is defined within the permissible tolerance range before cutting so that the smallest possible, in particular no remainder at the beginning and / or end of the starting material to be cut (3), which in particular in the form of a bleed Disc remains.

(Picking up the pieces of meat)

46. Method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12) at the beginning of the entry of the material to be cut (3) in the portioning chamber (7a) at the opening of the portioning chamber (7a) and in particular on the cutting material (3) is applied and together with this in the Porti¬ onier chamber (7a) moved into it.

(Several slices in the portioning chamber)

47. A method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of slices (2 a, b, c.) Are cut off successively leaving the already cut slices (2 a, b ...) in the portioning Chamber (7a) with stepwise backward movement of the counter punch (12) and ejection and in particular removal of the slice portion, in particular the entire cut-starting material to be cut (3) only after reaching the gewünsch¬ th slice number.

48. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the refilling of new material to be cut (3) in a second forming tube (101), in particular its mold tube groove (103), away from the cutting position (S) for the Schnei¬ the cut material , Especially during the cutting of another material to be cut (3 ') happens, as well as the removal of the already cut sliced in a second Portionier tube, in particular Portionier- gutter, away from the cutting position (S).

49. The method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exact weight achievement of a desired portion consisting of several Schei¬ ben is achieved by production and automatic weight determination of several, especially two, partial portions, in particular each several discs (2 a, b ...) include, and readjustment of the target weight for the last, in particular second, partial portion as a function of the difference between the actual and target weight of the previous partial portions.

50. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12) in response to the movement of the press ram (102), in particular synchronously or counter-synchronously with this, when introducing the cut material (3) in the portioning chamber (7a ).

(Rotatable positioning plate)

51. A method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of portioning chambers (7 a, b) in a portioning turret (6) and / or a plurality of ram (102 a, b) in a feed turret ( 106) are present, whose axis of rotation (110) parallel to the feed direction (10) of the material to be cut (3) and which are einge¬ by rotation in the feed path (10 ^' ) hin¬.

(Precompression)

52. The method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a pre-compression of the cutting material (3) prior to introduction into the Portio¬ nier chamber (7a) to a strand with in the longitudinal direction (10) constant cross-section the pre-compression takes place by means of a pressing punch (102) and surrounding forming tube (101) against a pre-pressing plate (22) introduced into the feed path (10 ^' ).

53. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adaptation of the desired cross-section of the strand to the inner contour of the tube (3) by arranging differently sized molding tubes (101 a, b) and pressing stamp (102 a, b) on the feed turret (106) and corresponding rotation of the feed turret (106) takes place, and in particular analog adjustment of the cross-section of portioning chamber (7a) and optionally counter punch (12).

54. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adaptation of the desired cross-section of the pre-compressed strand to the Innen¬ contour of the tube (3) is effected in particular gradual retraction in Quer¬ direction of the forming tube (101) forming the forming tube Gutter (103) and the Seiten¬ stamp (104) into each other and replacing the press temple used for this purpose (102 a, b ...)

(Pressing direction)

55. Method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed direction (10) comprises vertical components and the material to be cut

(3) from bottom to top in the portioning chamber (7 a) is pressed.

56. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting material to be cut (3) in the above open and bottom by the Pressstem¬ pel (102) closed mold tube (101) is introduced.

57. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separated slices (2) from the portioning chamber (7a) are ejected from top to bottom on a transport device (50), in particular at rotatable portioning revolver (6) in a different by less than 180 °, in particular about 90 ° degrees from the cutting position (S) rotational position.

58. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the emptying of the portioning chamber (7a) and refilling, in particular in work stations on rotational positions between the ejection position (A) and the receiving position, automatically a cleaning or disinfecting, esp ¬ special UV radiation, the portioning chamber (7a) takes place.

(Discharge technology)

59. The method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release of the separated discs (2) from the counter punch (12) or bottom of the portioning chamber (7a) during ejection of the discs (2) by means of e.g. by the bottom or counter punch (12) flowing compressed air or a mechanical drive is supported.

(Cocked knife)

60. The method according to at least the preamble of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portioning knife (4) is formed as thin as possible and for this purpose in its extension direction under bias, in particular during the cutting, held.

61. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portioning blade is strip-shaped and when separating a disc (2) the cut material (3) passes completely through and leaves and in this Position remains until the cutting material (3) is further advanced in the longitudinal direction, and by means of the return stroke of the portioning knife (4), the next disc is separated.