EP1815076A1

EP1815076A1 - Method for providing insulation in a cavity, insulation in a cavity, packaging unit from insulating elements for an insulation of a cavity, insulating element to be fitted in a cavity and connecting element for connecting at least two insulating elements of an insulation in a cavity

Info

Publication number: EP1815076A1
Application number: EP05808284A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerd-Rüdiger Klose; Werner Paulitschke
Original assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Current assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date: 2004-11-25
Filing date: 2005-11-21
Publication date: 2007-08-08
Also published as: WO2006056383A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for providing insulation in a cavity between the wall of a building and an outer shell, whereby insulating elements removed from packaging units are fitted in the cavity and the insulating elements are arranged in at least two adjacent layers one behind the other between the outer shell and the wall of the building. The aim of the invention is to improve the generic method in such a manner that an insulation can be fitted in a cavity between the wall of a building and an outer shall in a very short time and that the problems occurring, such as especially discontinuities of insulation, are eliminated and that the insulation can be used in a large number of applications while having excellent insulating power. For this purpose, the adjacent layers of the insulation are configured from insulating elements that differ in terms of their constructive design and/or their mechanical properties, especially in terms of the material used, its apparent density, flexural strength and/or tensile strength.

Description

Method for creating an insulation in a cavity, insulation in a cavity, packaging unit made of insulating elements for a

Insulation of a cavity, insulating element for installation in a cavity and connecting element for connecting at least two insulating elements of an insulation in a cavity

The invention relates to a method for creating an insulation in a Hohl¬ space between a building wall and an outer shell, wherein in the cavity Hohl¬ from packaging units removed insulating elements are installed and wherein the insulating elements in at least two adjacent zuein¬ other arranged layers behind the other between the outer shell and the building wall are arranged. Furthermore, the invention relates to an insulation in a cavity between a building wall and an outer shell, consisting of insulating elements, which are arranged in at least two adjacently arranged layers one behind the other between the outer shell and the Gebäu¬ dewand. Furthermore, the invention relates to a building wall with a formation of a cavity at a distance arranged outer shell and an insulation arranged in the cavity, which consists of insulating material be¬, wherein the insulating elements are arranged in at least two adjacent layers arranged one behind the other in the cavity. The invention further relates to a packaging unit made of at least two plate-shaped, two mutually parallel and spaced apart large surfaces having insulating elements for insulation of a cavity between a building wall and an outer shell. Another object of the invention is an insulating element for installation in a cavity between a building wall and an outer shell. Finally, the invention relates to a connecting element for connecting at least two insulating elements of an insulation in a cavity between a building wall and an outer shell, wherein the insulating elements each have two large surfaces which are arranged substantially parallel to each other and at a distance and wherein the Insulating elements are arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent large surfaces, with a shaft and a pressure element, wherein the shaft has at least one radially projecting projection which engages positively in at least one insulating element.

Bivalve exterior walls are known from the prior art, which consist of a supporting building wall and a non-load-bearing outer shell bricked up with a distance in front of it, the outer shell primarily serving to protect against the effects of weather, but also against mechanical stresses and furthermore the visible design of a Building determined. The requirements for clam-shell exterior walls arise, for example, from DIN 1053-1.

The minimum thickness of the outer shell is 90 mm, thinner outer shells wer¬ called the apparel whose structure is described in DIN 18515.

Normally, the outer shell is made from facing bricks and clinkers, which according to DIN 1053-3 can have lengths between 190 mm and 290 mm, widths between 80 mm and 115 mm and heights between 40 mm and 113 mm. Corresponding components are also referred to as facing bricks. For the production of the outer shell, other artificial stones or natural rocks with sufficient frost resistance are suitable. If the weathering resistance is insufficient, water-repellent plaster layers or sealing slurries can be applied.

Each outer shell has at least one foot in the floor area and / or above falls for example, doors and / or windows in which drainage and ventilation openings are to be formed with a total size of 50 cm ² per 20 m ² building wall surface. In the area of an upper end of an outer shell, there should be 75 cm ² ventilation openings per 20 m ² Gebäudewandflä¬ che. In addition to these regular versions, well-proven versions are known without these openings from the prior art. Thermally insulated exterior walls are subdivided into double-shell exterior walls with an air layer and an insulation as well as wall constructions with a core insulation.

In the bivalve outer walls, the distance between the building wall and the outer shell may be a maximum of 150 mm when using wire anchors connecting the building wall to the outer shell. For larger distances other suitable fasteners must be used.

An insulating layer arranged between the building wall and the outer shell consists of plate-shaped insulating elements or insulating mats arranged on an outer surface of the building wall. Between the Dämm¬ layer and an inner surface of the outer shell, a cavity in the form of an air gap of at least 40 mm depth should remain.

In the case of the wall construction with the core insulation, a cavity between the building wall and the outer shell can be completely filled with standardized insulation materials or building materials approved for construction. As building materials may e.g. Insulating boards, insulating mats and / or insulating material in the form of granules and fillings are used. The insulating materials should be designed to be permanently water-repellent.

The above-mentioned wire anchors connect the outer shell with the building wall and are usually made of stainless steel. The minimum number of wire anchors is 5 pieces / m ² . For larger distances between the outer shell and the building wall in the range between 120 to 150 mm max. 7 pieces / m ² wall surface with wire diameters of 4 mm and / or 5 pieces / m ² wall surface with diameters of 5 mm. At a distance of more than 170 mm to 200 mm, the number of anchors increases to 9 to 11 pieces / m ² wall surface. The wire anchors are usually arranged in the vertical direction at intervals of ≤ 250 mm and in the horizontal direction at intervals of <750 mm to each other. In the case of large-sized lime-sand bricks, the distance in the vertical direction can be increased to 500 mm or 625 mm. The insulation Fabric elements are pushed onto the wire anchors in the usual way with a gap-like offset.

In order to prevent a transmission of moisture from the outer shell to the building wall via the wire anchors, plastic disks are pushed onto the wire anchors.

If the outer shell and / or the building wall is produced in the so-called thin-bed mortar method, the diameters of the usual wire anchors are generally too large. Wire anchors with welded profiled flat ends are therefore used in these building constructions. Spiral anchors with diameters between about 10 and 25 mm are also used. Such spiral anchors are usually used during the walling of the outer shell in boreholes of the building wall and, if necessary, adhesively bonded with the aid of two-component adhesives. As with the wire anchors, it is not possible to prevent the anchors from moving parallel to the large surfaces of the outer shell and / or the building wall as a result of the different dimensions of the outer shell and / or the building wall.

The stone formats used for the outer shell and the building wall generally have different dimensions, in particular a different height, the building wall usually consists of large-sized bricks or concrete. At the prescribed narrow vertical distances between the wire and comparable anchors, these usually have to be bent in the vertical direction, so that they can be laid flat in a bearing joint of the outer shell.

When aligning the wire anchors is further to consider that the mortared in storage joints of the building wall wire anchors to the creation of the outer shell, ie represent a considerable period of injury substantial for injury to those employed in the building and other people. To avoid accidents, therefore, the ends of the wire anchors are often abgebo¬ conditions. The stiff wire anchors, however, can then only with considerable Strength be straightened straight again, which then often enough un¬ terbleibt.

Before the outer shell is walled up, the insulating elements are pushed onto the protruding ends of the wire or spiral anchors. The Dämm¬ material elements are held by small, slid onto the wire anchors Kunststoff¬ discs with diameters of, for example, 25 mm. The plastic discs produce contact pressure which acts on a small surface area of the insulating elements via a small clamping action. Higher contact pressures are achieved with larger writings, which are fixed by means of the plastic discs serving as drip discs. The plastic discs have for this purpose a molded drip edge and ben on the wire anchors gescho¬ ben.

Subsequently, the ends of the wire anchors are angled so that they can later develop in a mortar joint of the outer shell sufficient resistance to pullout or compressive forces.

Usually, plate-shaped insulating elements made of rigid plastic foams or mineral fibers are used.

In the insulation elements made of rigid plastic foams Dämm¬ panels of expanded polystyrene (EPS) dominate with densities of 15 to 25 kg / m ³ . As an alternative or in addition, plate strips made of the substantially stronger extruded polystyrene (XPS) or of polyurethane can be installed and glued into lintel and soffit areas of openings in the building wall. Derarti¬ ge insulation boards have lengths of 1000 mm and widths of 500 mm or 625 mm. Insulation boards with greater material thickness can also have dimensions of 1000 mm length and width or 1250 mm length and 1000 mm width. As a rule, these insulating boards circumferentially have a 20 mm wide stepped rebate, through which a joint overlap is achieved, which prevents open gaps between adjacent insulation boards arise when the Materi¬ al time-dependent shrink slightly. It is essential, however, that the shiplap the Covering joints when the insulation boards slip on the wire anchors when pressed.

Even thin insulation boards with low bulk densities have high penetration resistance even with respect to smooth, but generally blunt ended wire cores, so that the insulation board frequently breaks out on the surface facing away from the building wall. Corresponding breakout points should be closed with solvent-free sealants or larger break-out pieces should be glued.

Mineral fiber insulation elements are known from the DIN EN 13162 standard. According to this standard, an insulating board is a hard or semi-hard (insulating) product of rectangular shape and rectangular cross-section, the thickness of which is uniform and significantly less than the other dimensions. An insulation mat according to this standard is a flexible, fibrous insulation product which is supplied flat or as a roll and which can be laminated.

Insulating elements made of mineral fibers predominantly consist of vitreous solidified fibers. There is a distinction between glass wool and rock wool insulation materials. Essential distinguishing features are the chemical compositions or raw materials used and the resulting processing properties of melts produced therefrom, which have effects on a possible defibration process. The mineral fibers of glass wool insulating elements are generally longer and smoother than those of rockwool insulation elements. Furthermore, rockwool insulation materials contain up to about 30% by weight of non-fibrous constituents. Due to the non-fibrous components and by ei¬ ne arrangement of the mineral fibers in the insulating element, Dämmstoff¬ elements made of rock wool at corresponding Wärmeleitfähigkeiten consistently hö¬ here crude densities than insulation elements made of glass wool. Furthermore, mineral wool insulation elements are significantly more dimensionally stable than corresponding insulating elements made of glass wool.

Rock wool insulation elements, in particular in the form of core insulation boards usually have only 2 to 3% by mass of organic binder, while the Shares of corresponding binder in insulating elements made of glass wool about 4 to about 6% by mass. The contents of hydrophobizing additives, mostly mineral oils, are the same in both cases at about 0.2 to about 0.3 mass%. If the surfaces of insulating elements made of mineral wool exposed to the effect of the atmosphere, the organic substance is initially damaged by the UV radiation of the sun and ultimately degraded. These observations have been made primarily on glass wool facade insulation panels which have been exposed to the weather for some time before a necessary garment could be mounted. The surfaces of the insulation elements made of rock wool are more resistant, so that these insulating elements are applied as frost protection on freshly concreted walls and are exposed in this way for several months of the weather, but this does not diminish their serviceability.

Insulating elements made of mineral fibers are, for example, as multi-layered Kerndämmplat¬ installed at least two layers in order to avoid the opening durchge heal joints, for example, by the movements of the wire anchors or the further attachment of insulating elements. In the practical embodiment, however, both the joints between the individual Dämmstoff- elements gape, but in particular slip the individual layers, so that form cavities between the layers.

Due to the multi-layered design of the insulation of insulating elements, their effectiveness does not improve significantly. Intermediate layers are also provided which are designed as expensive and superfluous surface laminations. In addition, the production of insulating elements which can be used as core insulating panels with and without a surface layer leads to a significantly higher number of individual packaging units which must be delivered to the processor on the construction site.

Based on the above-described prior art, the invention is based on the object of further developing a generic method such that an insulation can be transferred in a short time into a cavity between one and the other Building wall and an outer shell can be installed without the above problems, in particular discontinuities in the insulation auftre¬ th and beyond the insulation in a variety of applications in achieving excellent insulation performance is used.

It is also A u g e b e of the invention weiter¬ a generic insulation, which is constructed in a simple and inexpensive way and at the same time offers good insulation performance in a variety of applications in the insulation of cavities.

A further feature of the invention is to provide a generic building wall with an outer shell which provides a high degree of thermal and / or acoustic insulation and which represents a construction which can be produced at low cost.

With regard to a packaging unit, it is a further aspect of the invention to design this packaging unit such that the number of packaging units to be delivered on the construction site and in particular the packaging units to be provided at the processing sites is reduced.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an insulating element for installation in a cavity between a building wall and a superior outer shell, which can be processed in a simple manner, enables rapid construction progress and at the same time provides excellent insulation and / or insulation Strength properties has to avoid points of discontinuity in the insulation.

Finally, it is an object of the invention to develop a connecting element for connecting at least two insulating elements, which provides a variety of applicability with high joining forces and at the same time can be produced cost effectively. To solve the problems, it is provided in a method according to the invention that the layers of the insulation arranged next to one another are at least structurally and / or mechanically stable, in particular with regard to their material, their density, flexural rigidity and / or or tensile strength different insulating elements are formed.

With regard to an insulation according to the invention, a solution is provided for the layers arranged adjacent to one another to form different insulating elements with regard to their structural design and / or their mechanical properties, in particular with regard to their density, their material, their bending stiffness and / or tensile strength are.

The solution according to the invention provides, in the case of a building wall, for the layers arranged adjacent to one another to be of different construction with respect to their constructive structure and / or their mechanical properties, in particular their density, their material, their bending stiffness and / or tensile strength are.

Furthermore, as a solution to the problems associated with a packaging unit, it is provided according to the invention that the insulating elements are designed for their structural design and / or their mechanical properties, in particular with regard to their density, their material, their bending stiffness and / or tensile strength are formed differently by different layers.

An insulating element according to the invention is distinguished for solving the problems by the fact that the insulating elements are connected to one another in the area of large surfaces abutting each other, wherein the insulating material elements are offset from one another in at least one main axis direction parallel to their large surfaces , so that in at least one edge region, a step-shaped offset is formed. Finally, in order to solve the problems associated with a connecting element according to the invention, it is provided that the shaft has a length which is shorter than the thickness of the insulating elements to be connected to one another and that the projection is arranged at least in an area which is in the region of facing away from the pressure element arranged insulating element engages.

Further features and advantages emerge from the subclaims and the following remarks on individual features of individual embodiments according to the subclaims.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the layers of the insulation arranged adjacent to one another are formed with different insulating elements with regard to their constructive structure and / or their mechanical properties, in particular the material, their density, flexural strength and / or tensile strength become. By this Ausgestal¬ tion of the invention, it is possible to adapt the insulation to the requirements of each building. In the case of the method according to the invention, the insulation is then adapted to the type and shape of the connecting elements between the building wall and the outer shell by assembling differently formed layers to form an insulation. The same applies to the stability of the insulation, which can be formed with different strengths depending on the dimen- sions of the cavity. According to the method according to the invention, for example, two or more layers of the insulation can be processed with one another, which consist of different materials, for example rigid foam plates and mineral fiber plates, wherein the layers can additionally or alternatively have different raw densities. For example, accordingly, layers of matching materials, such as mineral fiber boards can be formed, but the mineral fiber plates have different raw densities, so that for example facing the building wall, and for example, with the building wall to be bonded layer has an increased density, so pushing on Anchor standing out of the building wall is possible without problems, without the layer being damaged. According to a development of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the insulating elements of the layers of the insulation arranged adjacent to one another are offset in their horizontal and / or vertical orientation from one another. This embodiment of the method according to the invention ensures that the insulating performance of the insulation produced by the method according to the invention is not reduced by the joint regions of the adjacent layers of the insulation arranged one above the other.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the adjacent layers arranged to one another are connected to one another in order to form a body which is as uniform as possible in the insulation. In this case, it has proven to be advantageous to bond the layers arranged adjacent to one another. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the layers arranged adjacent to one another are connected to one another via mechanical connecting elements. Correspondingly formed mechanical connecting elements will be described below.

It is preferably provided that in each case an insulating element of a first layer with an insulating element of a second layer are glued to each other and in the direction of at least one of their large body axes offset from each other. As a result, an insulating element is provided which has a stepped rebate in the region of at least one edge, which simplifies the assembly of adjacent insulating elements and avoids points of discontinuity due to overlapping joints.

According to a further feature, it is provided that the insulating elements of a layer are formed with a cover layer, wherein the cover layer is preferably arranged aligned in the direction of the outer shell. Among other things, such a cover layer serves to increase the external strength of the insulating element formed therewith in order, for example, to prevent the break-out of partial areas when the corresponding insulating element is pushed onto anchors projecting from the outer wall. Preferably, the Covering layer with the insulating element glued surface coextensive, with a vollflä¬-chige or partial area bonding can be provided.

According to a development of this embodiment, it is provided that the insulating element with the cover layer is formed in comparison with the arranged in the neigh¬ beard layer arranged insulating element with a higher density, a higher bending stiffness and / or different Wärmeleitfä¬ ability. These refinements take into account the different requirements of the individual layers in the insulation.

In order to simplify the implementation of the method on a customary construction site, it is provided that a number of differently formed insulating elements of the layers arranged adjacent to one another are delivered in a common packaging unit. As a result, the essential advantage is achieved that only one packaging unit must be provided in the region of a product to be executed, which can be replaced by a new packaging unit after complete emptying. The building craftsman is provided by this single packaging unit, the entire necessary for the execution of the work ing insulation material. This embodiment also means that significant sources of error in the formation of an insulation can be avoided by the wrong installation of different insulation elements.

A rear ventilation of the outer shell and thus improved insulation performance, combined with a simplified removal of moisture from the insulation is achieved by the outer shell is arranged at a distance from the insulation. Thus, an air gap is formed between the outer shell and the insulation, via which, for example, moisture can be dissipated.

According to a further feature of the invention, provision is made for the outer shell to be connected to the building wall via the armature that passes through the insulation. This embodiment ensures a sufficiently stable connection between Outer shell and building wall, so that the static conditions are achieved without the insulation must take over essential bearing properties.

It has proved to be advantageous that the anchors are connected to the building wall, before the insulation is pushed onto the anchor and closing the outer shell is prefixed. This embodiment allows a fast and efficient construction progress in the creation of corresponding building parts.

The already mentioned above mechanical connecting elements can be formed according to another feature of the invention as spacers between the insulation and the outer shell to set a uniform distance between the insulation and the outer shell, so that, for example, the trainees between the insulation and the outer shell air gap the entire structure is formed substantially identical, so that different flow velocities are prevented in the air gap. Finally, in the method according to the invention, according to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the insulating elements are formed from mineral fibers, in particular rockwool. Insulation elements of this type have proven themselves with regard to their processing and the quality of the insulation formed thereby.

The above-described advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention also apply to the insulation according to the invention and to the building wall according to the invention.

The packaging unit preferably to be used in conjunction with the method described above has insulating elements which, with regard to their structural design and / or their mechanical properties, in particular with regard to their density, flexural rigidity and / or tensile strength, are designed differently to form different layers. It is preferably provided that at least a first insulating element a Dämmkörper with a glued on one of its large surfaces cover layer and the second insulating element is formed exclusively of a insulating body without a cover layer.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the number of insulating elements is ge radzahlig and the number of insulating elements with cover layer corresponds to the number of insulating elements without cover layer. Such a packaging unit has the advantage that in the case of a two-layered construction of the insulation a corresponding number of insulating elements are provided in the packaging unit, which are necessary for the formation of the insulating layer, so that each packaging unit has a content which is the same ¬ formation of the two layers of insulation serves.

The cover layer is preferably formed as a lamination and serves to strengthen the thus formed large surface of the insulating element. According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the Dämmstoff¬ elements are formed of mineral fibers, especially rockwool.

The insulating elements are preferably coated with a film, for example a banderole, which has sufficient strength to form a packaging unit which is sufficiently stable even under rough site conditions in order, for example, to withstand transport to a scaffolding without damage. On the other hand, the film is designed such that it is easy to open on site, ie in the region of the processing site. The F-Ne also serves as protection for the insulating elements, so that in particular moisture can not penetrate into the packaging unit.

The insulating elements are arranged stacked adjacent to one another in the packaging unit with their large surfaces. Preferably, it is provided that the insulating elements with covering layer are arranged adjacent to each other in alternating fashion with the insulating elements without covering layer, with their large surfaces. Preferably, the above-described insulating elements are assembled into insulating elements, which serve for installation in a cavity between a building wall and an outer shell, wherein the Dämmstoffelemen¬ te are plate-shaped and each having two large surfaces which are aligned parallel to each other and spaced from each other. The insulating elements are connected to each other in the region of adjacent large surfaces, wherein the insulating elements in at least one major axis parallel to their large surfaces offset zueinan¬ are arranged, so that in at least one edge region, a step-shaped offset is formed. It is particularly advantageous in this embodiment of an insulating element that the formation of the step-shaped offset causes the insulation in the region of joints of adjacent insulation elements do not pass through both insulation elements, so that Wärmebrϋcken be avoided.

The insulating elements arranged adjacent to one another can be glued together. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the be¬ adjacent arranged insulating elements of an insulating element are connected to each other via mechanical fasteners.

Of course, the insulating elements can also be arranged offset in two mutually perpendicular to each other extending main axis directions to each other, so that a step-shaped offset in the range of two mutually perpendicular zu¬ extending edge regions forms. This embodiment serves to further improve the avoidance of thermal bridges by not completely completeness closed joints adjacent arranged insulation elements.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that an insulating element has a cover layer. The cover layer is preferably formed coextensive with the insulating element and glued ver¬ with the insulating element, wherein a full-area or partial bonding is possible. A further feature of the insulating element according to the invention is given by the fact that the insulating element is formed with the cover layer with a higher density, bending stiffness and / or differing thermal conductivity in comparison to the second insulating element connected to the insulating element to provide insulation formed from the insulating element.

Finally, it has proven to be advantageous to design the offset with a width between 10 and 30 mm in order to achieve sufficient security against the formation of thermal bridges of adjacent insulating elements and, secondly, to make the strength of the insulating element composed of two insulating elements sufficiently large ,

The connection of the two above-described insulating elements forming an insulating element can for example be done with a Verbindungsele¬ element, which according to the invention has a shaft and a pressure element, wherein the shaft has at least one radially projecting projection auf¬, which engages positively in at least one insulating element and the shank has a length which is shorter than the thickness of the insulating elements to be connected to one another, wherein the projection is arranged at least in a region which engages in the insulating element arranged away from the pressure element. Preferably, the projection has at least one, in particular a plurality of threads, which engage in the insulating material elements.

According to a further feature of the connecting element according to the invention, the projection is formed as at least one locking element pivotable about an axis extending substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis, which pivots out of its original position within the insulating element and locks in the insulating element. For this purpose, the connecting element is pushed slightly over the final position in the insulating element and then pulled out in the opposite direction to the final position again. This way is sufficient to swivel out the pivotable locking element and lock it in the interior of the insulating element. A development of this embodiment provides that three pivotable locking elements are provided, which are arranged distributed at uniform intervals radially around the shaft. Through the three pivotable locking elements, the hold of the connecting element in the insulating element or an insulating element is improved. In addition to the procedure described above, there is also the possibility that the latching elements are spring-loaded and be¬ moves when pressing the connecting element in the insulating layer on the shaft and pivot in the end position by one or more spring elements in the insulating element and thus the connecting element in Engage insulation element.

A further embodiment of the connecting element according to the invention provides that each locking element has a bevel at its free end, which forms a preferably V-shaped notch with folded latching element with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft. This chamfer supports the pivoting of the locking elements, as far as the connecting element is slightly pulled out of the insulating layer.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the shaft has at its end opposite the projection a Querschnittsvergröße¬ tion, which is in particular designed as a drip edge. This drip edge serves to ensure that in the gap between the outer shell and the insulation an¬ falling moisture that is reflected on the connecting element, does not penetrate into the insulation, but can drip on the drip edge in the region of the gap.

The pressure element is preferably disc-shaped, wherein it should rest with the largest possible area on the insulation in order to avoid a punctiform or linear load on the insulation. According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the pressure element is formed integrally with the shaft. This embodiment leads to a simplification of the processing of these fasteners, as it is not on the part of the builders It can be forgotten to install the pressure element together with the Verbindungs¬ element.

Alternatively it can be provided that shaft and pressure element must be connected prior to the construction of the connecting element. This embodiment has the advantage that the production of corresponding connecting elements with different pressure elements, which can have different areas, for example depending on the pressures to be transmitted, can be combined. In this embodiment, the pressure element preferably has a central bore for receiving the shank. According to another feature of the invention, the pressure element preferably has a diameter or an edge length of between 40 and 90 mm. With a corresponding size of the pressure element ensures that the specific pressure in the region of the pressure element is not too large, so that the insulation is not damaged or destroyed in this area.

The shaft and / or the projection and / or the pressure element vor¬ preferably made of a tough plastic, such as polyamide or metal, in particular light metal, with the design of plastic material already in terms of the required thermal insulation as he advantageous ¬ meadows.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the Andruck¬ element is formed elastically at least in the axial direction, so that the pressure element can compensate for excessive pressure stress of the insulation on the Elastizi¬ ity of the pressure element.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the shaft is connected or connectable with a spacer, so that not only the two insulating layers are connected to each other via the connecting element, but also a constant distance between the insulation and the outer shell is adjustable. The spacer has, in particular, a plug-in element which is frictionally and / or positively locked in a bore arranged axially in the shaft. is pluggable. In this embodiment, the plug element depending on the distance to be formed between the insulation and the outer shell unter¬ different length and in each case be combined with the shaft.

In order to be able to compensate for certain manufacturing tolerances, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the spacer is elastically deformable in its axial direction at least in one subregion. Additionally or alternatively it can be provided that the plug-in element is resiliently connected to the spacer element.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the plug-in element in the region of its outer circumferential surface has annular and / or threaded projections, wherein the bore has corresponding recesses in the region of its inner wall. This configuration ensures a secure fit of the plug element in the bore. Preferably, the spacer is formed of a tough plastic plastic. According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the spacer can be variably adjusted at a distance from the shaft. Finally, in a connection element according to the invention Ver¬ provided that the spacer is formed integrally with the shaft.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following descrip tion of the accompanying drawings, in the preferred embodiments of the Erfin tion are shown. In the drawing show:

Figure 1 shows a detail of the insulation according to the invention in a view;

FIG. 2 shows a section of a building wall with an outer shell and the insulation according to FIG. 1 in a side view;

Figure 3 shows an insulating element for the insulation according to Figures 1 and 2 in a view; Figure 4 shows the insulating element according to Figure 3 in a sectional side view shown;

Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a section of a building wall with an outer shell and the insulation according to Figure 1 in one

Side view;

FIG. 6 shows a connecting element for connecting at least two insulating elements in a side view;

FIG. 7 shows a pressure element for use with the connecting element according to FIG. 6 in a plan view;

FIG. 8 shows a spacer for use with the connecting element according to FIG. 6 in a side view;

Figure 9 shows the spacer according to Figure 8 in a plan view and

10 shows a packaging unit with insulation elements in a perspective view.

In Figure 1, an insulation 1 is shown, which is arranged in an unspecified in Figure 1 dar¬ Asked cavity between a building wall not shown and an outer shell and consists of insulating elements 2 and 3. The insulating elements 2, 3 are arranged in adjacently arranged Schich¬ th 4 and 5 between the outer shell and the building wall. The layers 4, 5 which are arranged adjacent to one another have insulating elements 2, 3 which are designed differently with respect to their constructional structure and their mechanical properties.

The insulating elements 2 of the layer 4 are arranged in rows next to each other, wherein superimposed rows are arranged in a bandage, so that the narrow sides 6 of adjacently arranged insulating elements 2 of a Row offset to the narrow sides 6 adjacently arranged Dämmstoffele¬ elements 2 of the adjacently arranged row are arranged.

The insulating elements 3 of the layer 5 are also arranged in association with each other and in rows, with narrow sides 6 of the insulating elements 3 of the layer 5 offset from the narrow sides 6 of the insulating elements 2 of the layer 4 are arranged. The same applies with regard to the longitudinal sides 7 of the insulating elements 2, 3 in the layers 4, 5.

The insulating elements 2, 3 of the layers 4, 5 are thus arranged offset in horizontal and ver¬ tical orientation to each other. In addition, in each case an insulating element 2 of the layer 4 is connected to an insulating element 3 of the layer 5, for example glued or screwed by a mechanical connecting element 8, which is to be described below.

The insulating elements 2, 3 of the layers 4, 5 are placed on anchors 9, wel¬ che the layers 4, 5 from the insulation elements 2, 3 pass through.

In Figure 2, the insulation 1 is arranged in a cavity 10 between a building wall 11 and an outer shell 12, wherein the building wall 11 consists of über¬ masonry bricks 13, between which ausge¬ filled with mortar joints 15 are arranged. The anchors 9 are anchored in the mortar 14 and extend substantially perpendicular to large surfaces 16 of the insulating elements 2, 3. With their building wall 11 facing away from the armature 9 are mounted in joints 17, which are also filled with mortar 14 and the are formed between facing bricks 18 of the outer shell 12.

Between the outer shell 12 and the insulation 1, an air gap 19 is ausgebil¬ det, which allows a circulation of the ambient air between the outer shell 12 and the insulation 1, for example, to dissipate moisture from the cavity 10. The clamping elements 20 are frictionally connected to the armature 9 and press the insulating elements 2, 3 against the building wall 11. Via the drip disk 21, moisture accumulating in the air gap 19 is collected and removed held by the insulation 1, so that the collected moisture drops in the area of Luft¬ gap 19 and does not penetrate into the insulation 1.

Between the insulating elements 2, 3 of the embodiment according to Figure 2, an adhesive layer 22 is arranged, with each of which an insulating element 2 of the layer 4 with an insulating element 3 of the layer 5 is glued. The Dämm¬ material elements 2 of the layer 4 also have on its the air gap 19 facing the large surface 16 a cover layer 23.

The insulating element 2 with the cover layer 23 has a higher density, higher bending stiffness and higher thermal conductivity compared to the insulating element 3 arranged in the adjacently arranged layer 5.

In Figures 3 and 4, an insulating element 24 for use in an insulation 1 according to Figures 1 and 2 is shown. The insulating element 24 consists of the insulating elements 2 and 3 which are adhesively bonded to one another via the adhesive layer 22, wherein the adhesive layer 22 is formed over its entire surface in the area of the large surfaces 16 of the insulating elements 2, 3 abutting each other.

FIG. 4 also shows the cover layer 23 and additionally a further adhesive layer 25, wherein the additional adhesive layer 25 connects the cover layer 23 to the large surface 16 of the insulating element 2. The adhesive layer 25 is ausgebil¬ det over the entire surface on the large surface 16 of the insulating element 2.

The insulating elements 2, 3 are offset in the direction of two main axes aligned at right angles to one another parallel to their large surfaces 16, so that in the region of the narrow sides 6 and in the region the longitudinal sides 7 forms a stepped offset 26. The offset 26 has a width of 15 mm and serves to align adjacently arranged Dämmele¬ elements 24 such that the adjoining narrow sides 6 and longitudinal sides 7 of the insulating element 2 of the insulating element 3, which is connected to the insulating element 2 , is covered. By this configuration, discontinuities in the insulation 1, for example, thermal bridges and / or open joints are avoided.

The insulating elements 2, 3 of the insulating element 24 consist of mineral fibers, the insulating elements 2, 3 having a course of the mineral fibers parallel to the large surfaces 16. The insulating elements 2, 3 are formed surface equal and agree in their surface with the surface of the cover layer 23 match.

An alternative embodiment of the insulation 1 of insulating elements 2, 3, wherein each an insulating element 2 and an insulating element 3 form a Dämm¬ element 24 is shown in Figure 5.

The connection of adjacently arranged insulating element 2, 3 of the adjacent layers 4, 5 is effected by a plurality of connecting elements 8, of which only one connecting element 8 is shown in FIG. The Verbindungs¬ element 8 has a shaft 27 and a projection 28, wherein the projection 28 is formed in the embodiment of Figure 5 as a screw thread. The shaft 27 has a length which is shorter than the thickness of the insulating elements 2, 3 to be joined together. The projection 28 is arranged in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 in the region of the entire shaft 27. However, it is already sufficient to arrange the projection 28 at least in an area which engages in the insulating element 3 arranged away from a pressure element 29.

The pressure element 29 may be formed integrally with the shaft 27, where it has proven to be advantageous to inject the shaft 27 and the pressure element 29 in one piece from a plastic, wherein the projection 28 in shape a thread may be integrally formed with the shaft 27 and also made of plastic.

The shaft 27 has at its the pressure element 29 having the end of an axially extending bore, which serves to receive a spacer 30.

The spacer 30, which is shown in Figures 8 and 9, consists of a plug-in element 31 which can be inserted into the axially extending in the shaft 27 bore. The plug-in element 31 is connected to a head 32, which is basket-shaped and at least limited elastic.

In the region of its outer lateral surface 33, the plug-in element 31 has a plurality of annular projections 34, which are aligned radially. In the region of the projections 34, the diameter of the plug element 31 is slightly larger than the diameter of the axially extending in the shaft 27 bore, so that the

Plug element 31 is frictionally held in the bore. In addition, the bore may have annular recesses in its wall surface, into which the projections 34 engage, so that in addition to a frictional engagement, a form-fitting connection between the plug-in element 31 and the shaft 27 is also provided.

An alternative embodiment of a spacer 30 is shown in FIG. According to FIG. 6, the spacer 30 consists of a screw with the plug-in element 31, which is screwed into a corresponding threaded hole as a function of the distance to be maintained.

FIGS. 6 and 7 furthermore show the pressure element 29, which according to FIG. 7 consists of a ring 35 and two spokes 36 extending at right angles to one another, the two spokes 36 being located in a second ring 37 in the center of the pressure element 29 and wherein the second ring 37 defines a bore 38 for receiving the shank 27 of the connecting element 8. In the region of its free end, that is to say in the air gap 19, the shaft 27 has a thickening of the material, which is formed peripherally and as a drip edge 39.

Finally, FIG. 10 shows a packaging unit 40 which consists of three insulating elements 2 and three insulating elements 3, the insulating elements 2 each having a cover layer 23, while the insulating elements 3 have no cover layer. The insulating elements 2, 3 are therefore formed differently in terms of their structural design, wherein the insulating elements 2 in addition to the cover layer 23 an insulating body 41 auf¬ have, which is designed as a parallelepiped. In contrast, the insulating elements 3 have only one insulating body 42, wherein the insulating body 41 and 42 may be identical in terms of their material and their material properties or mechanical properties, so that the structurally different structure of the insulating elements is given only by the cover layer 23.

But there is also the possibility that the insulating body 41, 42 are formed unterschied¬ Lich, preferably both insulating body 41, 42 consist of mineral fibers, the bulk densities of the insulating body 41, 42 but are different.

The insulating elements 2, 3 are arranged in the packaging unit 40 such that in each case an insulating element 2 is arranged adjacent to an insulating element 3. During the processing of the insulating elements 2, 3 removed from the packaging unit 40, this results in the advantage that after the installation of an insulating element 3, an insulating element 2 can be removed directly, which is processed in conjunction with the previously removed insulating element 3. The cover layer 23 is formed as a lamination and consists for example of a glass fiber fleece.

The packaging unit 40 also has a band 43, which has the insulating material elements arranged adjacently to one another with their large surfaces 16 2, 3 surrounds the majority of the large surfaces 16. Alternatively, for this purpose, a film completely surrounding the insulating material 2, 3 can be provided, which provides additional weather protection.

Claims

claims

1. A method for creating an insulation in a cavity between a building wall and an outer shell, wherein in the cavity of Verpa¬ ckungseinheiten removed insulation elements are installed and wo¬ in the insulating elements in at least two adjacently ange¬ arranged layers one behind the other between the outer shell and the Be arranged building wall, characterized in that the adjacently arranged layers (4, 5) of the insulation (1) in terms of their structural design and / or their mechanical properties, in particular with regard to their material, their density, bending resistance and / or tensile strength different insulating elements (2, 3) are formed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) of the mutually adjacent layers (4, 5) of the insulation (1) in its horizontal and / or vertical

Orientation offset from each other.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are connected to one another.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are glued together.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are connected to one another via mechanical connecting elements (8).

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each case an insulating element (2) of a first layer (4) with an insulating element (3) of a second layer (5) with each other and in the direction of at least one of their large body axes are glued offset to each other ,

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating elements (2) of a layer (4) with a cover layer (23) are formed, wherein the cover layer (23) preferably in the direction of

Outer shell (12) is arranged aligned.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the cover layer (23) with the insulating element (2) is preferably glued in the same area.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the insulating element (2) with the cover layer (23) arranged in comparison to that in the adjacently arranged layer (5) Dämmstoff¬ element (3) with a higher density, a higher bending stiffness and / or different thermal conductivity is formed.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized a number of differently formed insulating elements (2, 3) of the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are delivered in a common packaging unit (40).

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell (12) at a distance from the insulation (1) is arranged.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell (12) via the insulation (1) by cross-armature (9) with the building wall (11) is connected.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (9) with the building wall (11) are connected before the insulation (1) pushed onto the armature (9) and then the Außen¬ shell (12) is preset.

14. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mechanical connecting elements (8) are formed as spacers between the insulation (1) and the outer shell (12).

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) made of mineral fibers, in particular from

Rockwool be formed.

16. insulation in a cavity between a building wall and an Au¬ ßenschale, consisting of insulating elements, which in at least two be¬ adjacent layers arranged one behind the other between the Outer shell and the building wall are arranged, in particular herge¬ according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the adjacently arranged layers (4, 5) from view of their structural design and / or their mechanical properties, In particular with regard to their density, their material, their bending stiffness and / or tensile strength different insulating elements (2, 3) ausge¬ are formed.

17. Insulation according to claim 16, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) of the mutually adjacent layers (4, 5) are arranged offset in their horizontal and / or vertical orientation to each other.

18. Insulation according to claim 16, characterized in that the mutually adjacent layers (4, 5) are interconnected.

19. Insulation according to claim 18, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are glued together.

20. Insulation according to claim 18, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are connected to one another via mechanical connecting elements (8).

21. Insulation according to claim 16, characterized an insulation element (2) of a first layer (4) having an insulating element (3) of a second layer (5) is glued to one another and offset in the direction of at least one of its large body axes.

22. Insulation according to claim 16, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) of a layer (4) have a cover layer (23), wherein the cover layer (23) is preferably arranged aligned in the direction of the outer shell (12).

23. Insulation according to claim 22, characterized in that the cover layer (23) with the insulating element (2) is preferably glued surface-identical.

24. Insulation according to claim 22, characterized in that the insulating element (2) with the cover layer (23) in comparison to that in the adjacently arranged layer (5) arranged Dämmstoff- element (3) with a higher bulk density, a higher bending stiffness and / or different thermal conductivity is formed.

25. Insulation according to claim 16, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) made of mineral fibers, in particular from

Rock wool are formed.

26. building wall with a formation of a cavity in the angeord¬ ange¬ Neten outer shell and a cavity arranged in the cavity, in particular according to one of claims 16 to 25, which consists of insulating elements, wherein the insulating elements in at least two adjacent zuein¬ other arranged layers are arranged one behind the other in the cavity, characterized that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are formed from different insulating elements (2, 3) with regard to their structural design and / or their mechanical properties, in particular with regard to their density, their material, their bending stiffness and / or tensile strength ,

27. Building wall according to claim 26, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) of the mutually adjacent layers (4, 5) of the insulation (1) in its horizontal and / or vertical

Orientation offset from each other.

28. Building wall according to claim 26, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are connected to one another.

29. Building wall according to claim 28, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are glued together.

30. Building wall according to claim 28, characterized in that the layers (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another are connected to one another via mechanical connecting elements (8).

31. Building wall according to claim 28, characterized in that in each case an insulating element (2) of a first layer (4) with a

Insulating element (3) of a second layer (5) are glued to each other and in the direction of at least one of their large body axes offset from each other.

32. Building wall according to claim 26, characterized in that the insulating elements (2) of a layer (4) with a cover layer (2, 3) are formed, wherein the cover layer (23) is preferably arranged aligned in the direction of the outer shell (12).

33. building wall according to claim 32, characterized in that the cover layer (23) with the insulating element (2) are preferably glued surface equal.

34. Building wall according to claim 32, characterized in that the insulating element (2) with the cover layer (23) arranged in comparison to that in the adjacently arranged layer (5) Dämmstoff¬ element (3) with a higher density, a higher bending stiffness and / or different thermal conductivity is formed.

35. building wall according to claim 26, characterized in that the outer shell (12) to form an air gap (19) at a distance from the insulation (1) is arranged.

36. Building wall according to claim 26, characterized by the outer shell (12) and the insulation (1) by cross armature (9).

37. building wall according to claim 30, characterized in that the mechanical connecting elements (8) as a spacer between the insulation (1) and the outer shell (12) are formed.

38. building wall according to claim 26, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) made of mineral fibers, in particular of

Rock wool are formed.

39. Packaging unit of at least two plate-shaped, two parallel zuein¬ other running and spaced apart large Oberflä¬ surfaces having insulating elements for insulation of a cavity between a building wall and an outer shell, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 15 , characterized in that the insulating material elements (2, 3) with regard to their constructive Auf¬ construction and / or their mechanical properties, in particular with regard to their density, their material, their bending stiffness and / or tensile strength to form different layers (4, 5) are formed differently.

40. Packaging unit according to claim 39, characterized in that at least one first insulating element (2) consists of a insulating body (41) with a on one of its large surfaces (16) adhered cover layer

(2, 3) and the second insulating element (3) is formed exclusively of a insulating body (42) without a cover layer.

41. Packaging unit according to claim 39, characterized in that the number of insulating elements (2, 3) is even and the number of insulating elements (2) with cover layer (23) corresponds to the number of Dämmstoff¬ elements (3) without top layer.

42. Packaging unit according to claim 40, characterized in that the cover layer (23) is formed as a lamination.

43. Packaging unit according to claim 39, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) are formed of mineral fiber, in particular rock wool.

44. Packaging unit according to claim 39, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) with a film, such as a Ban¬ derole (43) are enveloped.

45. Packaging unit according to claim 39, characterized in that the insulating elements (2, 3) with their large surfaces (16) are arranged anei¬ stacked nanderliegend.

46. Packaging unit according to claim 39, characterized in that the insulating elements (2) with covering layer (23) in alternation with the insulating elements (3) without covering layer with their large surfaces (16) are arranged adjacent to each other.

47. insulating element for installation in a cavity (10) between a building wall (11) and an outer shell (12) consisting of at least two, preferably coextensive plate-shaped insulating elements (2, 3), in particular of mineral fibers, preferably of rock wool, each with two large surfaces (16) which are aligned parallel to each other and spaced from each other, wherein the insulating elements (2, 3) in the region of abutting large surfaces (16) are interconnected, wherein the insulating elements (2, 3) in at least one main axis direction parallel to their large surfaces (16) are arranged offset to one another, so that in at least one edge region, a step-shaped offset (26) is formed.

48. Insulating element according to claim 47, characterized in that the adjacently arranged insulating material elements (2, 3) are glued mit¬ each other.

49. Insulating element according to claim 47, characterized in that the mutually adjacent insulating material elements (2, 3) via mechanical connecting elements (8) are interconnected.

50. Insulating element according to claim 47, characterized in that an insulating element (2) has a cover layer (23).

51. Insulating element according to claim 50, characterized in that the cover layer (23) with the insulating element (2) is preferably glued surface-equal.

52. Insulating element according to claim 50, characterized in that the insulating element (2) with the cover layer (23) with a ver¬ equal to the with the insulating element (2) connected second Dämm¬ material element (3) higher density, bending stiffness and / or deviating thermal conductivity is formed.

53. Insulating element according to claim 47, characterized in that the offset (26) has a width between 10 and 30 mm.

54. Connecting element for connecting at least two Dämmstoffelemen¬ th an insulation in a cavity between a building wall and ei¬ ner outer shell, wherein the insulating elements in each case two large Oberflä- Chen, which are arranged substantially parallel to each other and at a distance and wherein the insulating elements are arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent large surfaces, with a shaft and a pressure element, wherein the shaft has at least one radially projecting projection, the form-fitting in at least An insulating element ein¬ attacks, characterized in that the shaft (27) has a length which is shorter than the thickness of mit¬ each other to be joined insulating elements (2, 3) and that the projection (28) arranged at least in one area is, which engages in the from the Andruck¬ element (29) facing away arranged insulating element (3).

55. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the projection (28) has at least one, preferably more Gewinde¬ courses.

56. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the projection (28) is formed as at least one about a substantially recht¬ angled to the longitudinal axis extending axis pivotable locking element.

57. Connecting element according to claim 56, characterized in that three pivotable locking elements are provided, which are distributed at uniform intervals radially around the shaft (27).

58. Connecting element according to claim 56, characterized in that each latching element has at its free end a bevel, which forms a preferably V-shaped notch with folded latching element with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft (27).

59. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the shank (27) has an enlarged cross-section at its end opposite the projection (28), which in particular acts as a drip edge

(39) is formed.

60. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the pressure element (29) is disc-shaped.

61. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the pressure element (29) is formed integrally with the shaft (27).

62. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the pressure element (29) has a central bore (38) for receiving the shank (27).

63. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the projection (28) extends over the entire length of the shaft (27) between the pressure element (29) and the free end of the shaft (27).

64. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the pressure element (29) has a diameter or an edge length between 40 and 90 mm.

65. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized that the shank (27) and / or the projection (28) and / or the Andruckele¬ element (29) consists of a tough plastic, such as polyamide or metal, in particular of light metal.

66. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the pressure element (29) is designed to be elastic at least in the axial direction.

67. Connecting element according to claim 54, characterized in that the shaft (27) with a spacer (30) is connected or connectable.

68. Connecting element according to claim 67, characterized in that the spacer (30) has a plug-in element (31) which is frictionally and / or positively inserted in an axially in the shaft (27) arranged bore.

69. Connecting element according to claim 67, characterized in that the spacer (30) is elastically deformable at least in a partial region in its Achsrich¬ direction.

70. Connecting element according to claim 68, characterized in that the plug-in element (31) is resiliently connected to the spacer (30).

71. Connecting element according to claim 68, characterized in that the plug-in element (31) has ring-shaped and / or thread-shaped projections (34) in the region of its outer lateral surface (33), wherein the bore tion in the region of its inner wall corresponding recesses auf¬ has.

72. Connecting element according to claim 67, characterized in that the spacer (30) is formed of a tough plastic plastic.

73. Connecting element according to claim 67, characterized in that the spacer (30) at a distance from the shaft (27) is variably adjustable.

74. Connecting element according to claim 67, characterized in that the spacer (30) is formed integrally with the shaft (27).