EP1805387A1

EP1805387A1 - Sliding door having a linear motor drive

Info

Publication number: EP1805387A1
Application number: EP05795389A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Sven Busch
Original assignee: Dorma Deutschland GmbH
Current assignee: Dormakaba Deutschland GmbH
Priority date: 2004-10-17
Filing date: 2005-10-08
Publication date: 2007-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2025-10-08
Also published as: WO2006040100A1; EP1805387B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a sliding door comprising a magnetic drive system for at least one door wing (5), comprising a linear drive unit which is provided with at least one row of soft or hard magnetic elements (1, 1e, 1f) and at least one coil arrangement made of several individual coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c), said coil arrangement bringing about an interaction with the at least one row of soft or hard magnetic elements (1, 1e, 1f) during the corresponding control of the individual coils, which produce advance forces. The coil arrangement is built in a modular manner according to the invention.

Description

Title: Sliding door with a linear motor drive

description

The invention relates to a sliding door with a linear motor drive, in particular a sliding door with a combined magnetic support and drive system with a permanently excited magnetic Tragein¬ direction and a linear drive unit with at least one Magnetrei¬ hehe, especially for an automatic door , Furthermore, the invention relates to a sliding door with a magnetic drive system with a linear motor stator, wherein the magnetic drive system comprises a linear drive unit with at least one row of magnets. The term magnet series also includes elongated individual magnets. The magnet series can be arranged stationary or mobile. The magnetic drive system is preferably designed as a magnetic support and drive system.

From DE 40 16 948 A1 a sliding door guide is known, in which mit¬ co-operating magnets under normal load a contact-free floating guidance of a sliding guide gehal¬ tenen door leaf or the like cause, in addition to the stationary magnet arranged the sliding guide a stand a linear motor is arranged, whose rotor is arranged on the sliding door. By virtue of the selected V-shaped arrangement of the permanent magnets of the disclosed permanently excited magnetic support device, it is not possible to realize a laterally stable guideway, which is why a relatively complicated arrangement and design of stator and rotor is required. This arrangement increases the cost of such a sliding door guide enormously. From WO 00/50719 A1 a combined storage and drive system for an automatically operated door is known, in which a permanently energized magnetic support system is constructed symmetrically and has stationary and movable magnet rows which are each arranged in a plane, wherein the support system is in an unstable equilibrium and in which the support system has symmetrically arranged lateral guide elements which can be mounted in a roll-shaped manner. Because of the laterally stable guideway achieved in this way, a simple design and arrangement of the stator and rotor of a linear motor housed in a common housing, namely the possibility of being able to arbitrarily arrange the stator and rotor of the linear motor in relation to the support system, can be arranged the shape of stand and runner not be limited by the support system be¬.

What these two bearing systems have in common is that they work according to the principle of repulsive force action, which principle of action allows a stable levitation state without expensive electrical control devices. The disadvantage of this, however, is that both at least one stationary and at least one positionable magnet row must be present, ie, over the entire path of the sliding guide or the bearing of the automatically operated door and on the movable along this Füh¬ support carriage for the Door magnets must be arranged sen¬, whereby such a system, which is characterized by the absence of mechanical friction to carry the door by extreme ease and noiseless operation and is almost ver¬ wear and maintenance-free, very expensive to manufacture becomes. This aspect is further enhanced by the complex assembly. From DE 196 18 518 C1 an electromagnetic Antriebs¬ system for magnetic levitation and support systems is further known, in which a stable levitation and support state is achieved by a suitable arrangement of permanent magnet and ferromagnetic material. For this purpose, the permanent magnet puts the ferromagnetic material into the state of a magnetic partial saturation. Electromagnets are so angeord¬ net that the permanent magnets are moved solely by a change in saturation in the mounting rail and the coil cores are included in the permanent magnetic partial saturation, which leads to the floating and wearing state.

Furthermore, WO 94/13055 shows a stator drive for an electric linear drive and a door provided with such a stand, which is suspended by means of magnets in the lintel of a frame. For this purpose, a plurality of magnets or magnet groups are arranged on the door panel, de¬ ren magnetic field strength is so great that an attractive force to ei¬ ner guide plate is achieved, which is arranged on the underside of the lintel an¬, the attraction is sufficient to the weight to lift the door panel.

The two systems described in these documents is common sam that they are also very expensive to assemble and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the two systems described in these documents have in common that caking of the magnets on the ferromagnetic material is prevented by means of rollers, ie an air gap between the magnets and the ferromagnetic material is set by means of rollers. These rollers must absorb large forces in the selected arrangements, since the magnetic field strength can not be chosen so that only the respective magnetically suspended door is held, but due to security provisions a certain - A -

additional load capacity must be present so that the door does not fall off unintentionally. Consequently, the roles must be interpreted in a similar way, as with purely roller-mounted sliding doors, which leads to a mechanical friction for adjusting the air gap is present. This eliminates the extreme ease and noiseless operation of working on the repulsive force principle storage and leads to Ver¬ wear and maintenance. In addition, the magnetic attraction must be precisely adjusted to the particular load to be carried during manufacture, which makes these systems unsuitable or too expensive for practical use.

Furthermore, although these publications lead to the use of a linear drive coupled or integrated with a magnetic support device, the design of such a linear drive is not described.

It is therefore the object of the invention to further develop a sliding door with a preferably magnetic drive system or a combined magnetic support and drive system with a permanently excited magnetic support device and a linear drive unit with at least one magnet row Vor¬ mentioned parts remain low production costs.

This object is achieved with the features specified in claim 1, alternative solutions to this problem are given by the features specified in the claims 11 and 29, respectively. Advantageous embodiments of the subject matters of claims 11 and 29 are given in the subclaims. A first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, comprising a magnetic drive system with a linear drive unit for at least one door leaf, which has at least one row of soft or hard magnetic elements and at least one modular coil arrangement comprising a plurality of individual coils; ¬ speaking activation of the individual coils causes an interaction with the at least one series of soft or hard magnetic elements, the feed forces, has over the prior art, the advantage of the modular structure of the coil assembly, ie a comparison with the prior art simplified assembly and vor¬ also a simplified hersteilung. Such a modular construction is easily adaptable to different requirements imposed on the magnetic drive system, e.g. B. to different Türflügelbrei¬ th and travel lengths of the door by simply more or less modules are used for the construction. Such modules are in the rule and according to the invention preferably constructed so that such a juxtaposition, ie an addition or removal of a module, can be easily performed.

According to the first alternative of the invention, each coil arrangement has at least one coil module which comprises a number of at least two, preferably equal to a number of electrical phases used for the control or an integral multiple thereof, individual coils. Such a subdivision of the coil arrangement into coil modules having a number of individual coils, which is determined by the number of electrical phases used to control the coil arrangement, is a particularly simple extension of an existing system and also a structure of a new one System possible because simply coil modules are ranked up to a desired length after another. Furthermore, the coil arrangement according to the invention preferably comprises a plurality of coil modules, which are arranged at a constant distance from one another in the drive direction. The coil modules according to the invention can be arranged directly next to one another, ie abutting one another, or with a certain distance from each other. In this way, by using the coil modules also an embodiment of a magnetic drive system is possible in which the route is only partially equipped when the coil assemblies according to the invention are fixedly arranged along the route or in which the moving along the route unit does not have their entire extent extending along the route is equipped with coils when the coil arrangement according to the invention is provided spatially vor¬.

A coil module according to the first alternative of the invention preferably has an integrated contact connection which automatically connects the individual coils of the coil module to control lines of a control unit when the coil module is fastened. This vorzugswei¬ se embodiment, in turn, allows even easier installation, since when mounting a coil module, z. B. by clicking, automatically an electrical connection of the individual coils of the coil module with a drive unit for these individual coils takes place. Thus, no complicated individual wiring of the individual coils is necessary and planning of such a wiring is also unnecessary.

A coil module according to the first alternative of the invention preferably has an integrated fastening element which allows a clamping or latching connection of the coil module. In particular in connection with the integrated contacting described above, a simple "click-in" of a coil module according to the invention is possible. Lich, in order to build up a magnetic drive system according to the invention.

The above-described integrated contacting and the above-described fastening element are preferably designed according to the first alternative of the invention as a component, for. B. as Kontaktierungs- and fixing pins, which stand out of the coil module according to the invention hervor¬ and used in the receptacles provided and ver¬ anchored there, at the same time a contact takes place. Of course, such an anchoring can also be achieved by means of screw connections or other fastening possibilities in addition to a clamping or latching connection.

A coil module according to the first alternative of the invention is preferably deflected by a clamping or cutting process or by breaking at a predetermined separation point of a coil module assembly comprising several coil modules. As a result, coil module construction groups constant length or as endless goods, eg. B. be prepared on rolls by streamlined manufacturing processes in always the same way, which are easily removed in the installation or the expansion of a magnetic drive system according to the invention in be¬ required length or as to be joined individual elements of the coil module assembly.

The individual coils of the at least one coil arrangement according to the first alternative of the invention are preferably produced by the baked-enamel method. In this case, a winding body must be used manually, so that the process can be automated particularly well. The individual coils of the at least one coil arrangement according to the first alternative of the invention are preferably each directly wound on a Spu¬ handlebar. In particular, in combination of this Wickelmechanis¬ mechanism with the baked enamel method also allows a caking of the wire with the coil core, so that a manual joining of these two parts is eliminated and a substantially noiseless operation of the Antriebs¬ system is possible.

According to the first alternative of the invention, the individual coils of the at least one coil arrangement are preferably each fixed to a profile by means of resistance spot welding, riveting or caulking or inserted into a groove of a bar profile.

A second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention with a magnetic drive system for at least one door, with a linear drive unit, the at least one arranged in the drive direction series of soft or hard magnetic elements at least one of a plurality of arranged in a row and having an axis individual coils existing Coil arrangement which, with corresponding control of the individual coils, causes an interaction with the at least one series of soft or hard magnetic elements, which produces feed forces, also has, in contrast to the prior art, like the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention Advantage of easier mountability, since the single-coil coil assembly has only one axis, d. H. In particular, the respective alignment of all individual coils is simplified, since only their common axis must be aligned.

In the case of the magnetic drive system used according to the second alternative of the invention, the individual coils are preferred separated from each other by annular or lateral pole pieces which carry electromagnetic fields generated by the individual coils to the soft or hard magnetic elements arranged in a row. A better magnetic field closure is achieved by such annular or lateral pole shoes, since that of the individual coils In each case, magnetic fields pass through a part of the common axis and the pole shoes separating the individual coils extend to the soft or hard-magnetic elements arranged in a row in order to produce thrust forces there.

According to the second alternative of the invention, the pole shoes preferably additionally serve for fastening a respective coil unit. As a result, the assembly of the magnetic drive system according to the invention is particularly simplified because the pole pieces can be easily configured so that the coil assembly is automatically aligned by each of these during attachment.

The magnetic drive system used in accordance with the second alternative of the invention preferably has flux guides attached to those surfaces of the individual coils which are arranged in a series of soft or hard magnetic elements and which enlarge them. As a result, the overlapping areas of the soft or hard magnetic elements and the individual coils are increased, whereby the magnetic fields generated by the individual coils can be better directed and directed.

Preferably, these flux guides are bevelled, rounded, bent or chamfered to provide a better directivity and a reduction in the detent force. According to the second alternative of the invention, the pole shoes and / or the flux guide pieces are preferably made of stamped sheets and further preferably designed in one piece.

The drive system according to the invention of the first and second alternative is preferably combined with a magnetic support system with a permanently excited magnetic support device which has at least one magnet array alternately magnetized in the drive direction at specific intervals, at least one in attractive force effect has at least one of the at least one magnet row standing soft or hard magnetic support member and a guide member which ensures a certain gap-shaped distance between the min¬ least one row of magnets and the support element. This combination has the advantage over the described prior art that the support element does not necessarily have to be hard magnetic due to the utilized attractive force effect. Furthermore, since a guide element is provided which ensures a distance between the at least one row of magnets and the support element, no electrical or electronic control device needs to be provided despite utilizing an unstable state of equilibrium. Further, by using the at least one row of magnets both for carrying and for propulsion, the manufacturing costs are reduced and the required space is reduced.

In this combined magnetic support and drive system used according to the invention, the support element or parts thereof can be formed by the series of soft-magnetic elements interrupted at specific intervals. This results in an integration of the magnetic support system with the magnetic according to the invention Drive system instead, whereby a reduction of the required Baurau¬ mes takes place.

In the combined magnetic support and drive system according to the invention of the first and second alternatives of the invention, the support element preferably has at least one support rail, which is arranged at a first predetermined distance to a side of one of the at least one magnet row, wherein the Coil arrangement is arranged at a second predetermined distance to one of the first side of the magnetic series opposite second side of the magnet array. Such a separate assignment of the two main functions "feed er¬ testify" and "magnetically store" by the opposing pole faces of the magnets of the magnet series effected despite an integration of these functions in the one magnetic series a substantial separation of functions, optimizing the system parameters of this Main functions allowed. Furthermore, it is possible to compensate for transverse forces by designing the support profiles and / or coil cores or pole shoes of the individual coils of the coil arrangement or the air gaps so that the resulting magnetic transverse forces acting on the magnets of the magnet series are as small as possible or cancel each other out , By arranging the drive coils of the coil arrangement on one side of the at least one permanent magnet row and the preferably weich¬ magnetic support member on the other side of the at least one permanent magnet series, the support profile can continue the tasks of magnetic see closing the coil magnetic fields and the generation of load capacities , the weight of the load, z. B. a door, partially or completely record, take over. In a partial recording of the weight of the load by the support member, the residual load z. B. from the coil cores or pole pieces of the individual coils of the coil order the linear drive unit or be carried by another magnetic mechanical support device.

For this purpose, the support element can also preferably have two mounting rails, one of which is arranged at a certain distance from a first side of at least one magnet row and the other at the same specific distance to a second side opposite the first side of the magnet row the magnetic series or another magnetic series of at least one magnetic series is arranged.

Alternatively, the support element can for this purpose preferably have a U-shaped mounting rail with a bottom area and two side areas, the floor area connecting the two side areas and at least one magnet row of the at least one magnet row being guided at least partially within the U-shaped mounting rail. at least parts of an inner surface of the one side region are arranged at the predetermined distance to a first side of the magnet array and at least parts of an inner surface of the other side region with the same or a different specific gap-shaped distance to a second side of the magnetic series opposite the first side of the magnetic series a further row of magnets of the at least one row of magnets are arranged.

The above embodiments are to be understood as meaning that the carrier rails can be designed separately or as pole shoe strips of the linear drive unit, ie as soft-magnetic elements which are guided independently of the linear drive unit or as an integral component thereof. Of course, a combination is possible in which the coil modules according to the invention z. B. between two rows of magnets are arranged, wherein on the side facing away from the coil modules these two rows of magnets in turn support rails or side portions of a U-shaped mounting rail are arranged.

In the combined magnetic support and drive system according to the invention of the first and second alternative of the invention, the at least one magnet row is preferably magnetized transversely to the support direction and to the drive direction, in which an element supported by the support device, e.g. B. a sliding door element, can be moved. In this preferred arrangement of the magnetization of the at least one row of magnets transversely to the direction of support, a particularly simple structural design of the guide element results, since in this case it can be planned and executed independently of a force generated by the carrying device in order to keep the worn ele- Furthermore, a simple design of the linear drive unit is possible since it can also be planned and executed independently of the force to be generated by the support device.

In the first and second alternative, according to the invention, the at least one magnet row preferably consists of individual permanent magnets, since costs can be saved by lining up individual smaller magnets during material procurement and thus in the manufacturing process of the carrying device according to the invention. Further, due to this configuration, lighter tolerances can be balanced and magnetic properties can be better utilized. Instead of a series of magnets and a single magnet can be used, wo¬ eliminated by the relatively difficult mounting of the plurality of individual magnets. According to the first and second alternative of the invention, the magnetization of the at least one magnet row in a longitudinal direction of the at least one magnet row alternates the sign at certain intervals in a longitudinal direction of the at least one magnet row. This feature, which can be realized particularly easily with a magnet series consisting of individual permanent magnets, produces a better magnetic effect since, together with the support device, a magnetic field closure of the individual magnetization regions, ie between the individual permanent magnets, is produced. Furthermore, the at least one magnet row can easily be used in this way as a series of hard-magnetic elements with which the individual coils cause an interaction which causes feed forces, ie the at least one magnet row can integrate the magnetic drive system according to the invention with the magnetic support device. It is further achieved by this feature that the guide element ensuring the gap-like spacing does not have to absorb large forces even with tolerances of the double-acting support element, since the forces acting in the direction of magnetization between the at least one magnet row and the support element at best cancel each other out , This effect is more strongly supported with an increasing number of alternating polarizations, since both tolerances in the field strengths of individual polarization regions are better compensated, and such a superimposition of the forces respectively generated by the individual polarization regions results in a field being generated. which counteracts the buildup of shear forces. At least three successive polarization areas should be provided so that a possible in only two polarization areas of the magnetic series possible canting of the magnetic series does not occur, which can already generate large lateral forces. Preferably, the distance between the magnet array and the support element is kept as small as possible.

According to the first and second alternative of the invention, the at least one support element used in the magnetic support device according to the invention is preferably stationary and the at least one magnet row is arranged to be movable in position, i. H. In the case of a sliding door, it is suspended from the at least one row of magnets, whereas against the at least one support element forms a guide for the door element or the door elements of a multi-leaf sliding door. Of course, the design of the at least one supporting element is also localized and the at least one row of magnets is stationary, as is a combination of these two variants. Of course, the coil arrangement of the linear drive unit is always arranged fixed or movable together with the support element of the support device. As a result, with a small movement path, as is normally the case when driving door leaves, there are no undue increased costs, but the rotor and thus the total movable element of the drive system or combined magnetic support and drive system according to the invention can be designed to be passive.

The at least one support element is preferably soft magnetic according to the first and second alternatives of the invention, whereby particularly low costs are achieved with respect to this element.

The guide element according to the first and second alternative of the invention preferably comprises rollers, rolling and / or sliding body.

In the drive system according to the invention or combined magnetic support and drive system first and second alternative is a Grid of the individual coils of the coil arrangement preferably unterschied¬ Lich to the specific distances of the alternating polarization of the at least one magnetic series. As a result, a particularly simple start-up of the combined magnetic support and drive system according to the invention from standstill and the possibility of a particularly uniform movement is made possible.

A third alternative of a sliding door according to the invention comprises a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf, with a magnet row arranged in the drive direction, the magnetization of which changes sign at certain distances in its longitudinal direction, and a support slide connected to the magnet row, which is suspended movably on a support profile is and to which the door leaf can be attached, and with a stator attached to the support profile, which has at least one stator module, which consists of a plurality of individual coils or a drive coil and coil cores coil arrangement, which causes an appropriate interaction with the magnetic series with appropriate control of the individual coils which induces feed forces, coil or winding wiring and terminal contacts, and which is mounted as a mechanical unit in the support profile.

This construction according to the invention of the linear motor with a linear motor stator, which consists of at least one stator module which mechanically forms one unit, also has the advantage over the prior art of the first and second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, that the at least one stator module can be prefabricated and mounted as a whole in a drive carrier profile, whereby low assembly costs are achieved. Furthermore, a stator constructed in this way can be used for different long linear motor sliding door drives. Due to the inventive design of a stator module with several drive coils or a drive winding, a coil or winding wiring and connection contacts, a light contacting of the internally fully wired stator module is also possible. Thus, the stator module according to the invention mechanically and electrically forms a unit which can be easily assembled and enables a cost-effective construction of the sliding door according to the invention, wherein several stator modules according to the invention can be strung together to form a stator.

This results from the fact that the same stator modules can be manufactured in a correspondingly large number significantly cheaper than individually adapted to the respective drive width stator modules, the Lagerhal¬ tion of the stator modules is simplified, the production of the stator modules as preprocessing regardless of the production of the remaining linear motor Sliding door drive done and possibly elsewhere with eg niedri¬ lower production costs can take place and the quality of Statormo¬ dules can be monitored independently of the rest of the linear motor-sliding door drive. Since the rotor fitted with permanent magnets is further designed in an extended design, the linear motor according to the invention also works with a relatively short stator, e.g. shorter than the length of the runner well together, i. The above advantages also remain the case with stators which do not consist of several stator modules, since the stator modules according to the invention can be used in different widths of sliding doors, since the use of a stator or stator module which is significantly shorter than the drive length , can be used for different drive lengths of the same stator.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, a stator module further preferably has at least one magnetic return. on. At this magnetic return rail all individual coils and coil cores can be attached, whereby the mecha¬ African unit of the stator module according to the invention is given by the Magneti¬ cal return rail. In this way, the functionality of the mechanical unit required according to the invention is advantageously coupled to the properties of the magnetic return flow rail which reinforce the magnetic field for the propulsion.

Alternatively or additionally, in the third alternative of the inventive sliding door, the stator is preferably composed of a plurality of stator modules. In this way, in this embodiment of the invention in sliding door drives, which have the multiple length of Sta¬ tormodules, to increase thrust and performance of several stator modules in "series connection" are assembled. Also, a "parallel connection" of several stator modules is possible in order to increase the thrust and power of the linear motor according to the invention. With this configuration, with correspondingly short linear motor stator modules, e.g. with a stator length <600 mm with a single type of linear motor stator module, all lengths of sliding door drives can be realized.

In this embodiment, the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, the individual stator modules are further preferably aus¬ designed so that an electrical connection of two stator modules by direct mating or by means of an intermediate piece to which two stator modules, is carried out. Of course, according to the invention, the electrical connection can of course also be made by soldering or screwing, but there is probably an increased installation effort. The contacting of the stator modules according to the invention is preferably carried out to reduce the wall as simple as possible. In the case of a simple mating of the stator modules, these are connected in series, ie continuous phase lines are formed, whereby the individual coils of the coil arrangements of the stator modules are connected in parallel. With such a mounting eliminates the separate contacting of the stator modules. On the other hand, with appropriate automation of the manufacturing process, automatic soldering or welding of the electrical conductors of the stator modules may be expedient, since this method causes a higher degree of error safety and lower parts costs than a plug-in connection.

Alternatively or additionally, in a third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in this embodiment, the stator modules have a different length. Length differences between the stator modules are preferably Fi, ₂ ,..., N, where n is the number of used ones

Is stator modules and Fi, 2, ..., _n = (xi, 2, ..., n ⁺ n-1) / n, where xi, 2n - (1, ■••, n) and x is one natural number.

By virtue of this preferred use according to the invention of rather long linear motor stator modules, without a reduction in the smallest length of a stator module, a considerably finer graduation of the stator lengths that can be realized by assembling the stator modules can be obtained.

With the following definitions: n = number of different lengths of stator modules, xi, 2, ... n - (1 _> ■■■ n), where x is a natural number, favorable factor F of the length ratios of the stator modules at n different stator module lengths: Fi, ₂ , ... _n = (x-2, ... n + n -1) / n, results in the use of n stators of different lengths, the finest constant gradation with the use of as little Statormodu¬ len per stator.

Example 1:

Number of different lengths of stator modules n = 2; From this follows Fi, ₂ = 2/2; 3/2, ie Fi = 2/2 = 1 and F ₂ = 3/2 = 1, 5.

For a length of the shortest stator module = 600 mm follows: stator module 1 = 600 mm, stator module 2 = 900 mm. So it is possible a gradation of 300 mm possible.

Example 2:

Number of different lengths of stator modules n = 3; From this follows F ₁ , ₂ , ₃ = 3/3, 4/3, 5/3, ie Fi = 3/3 = 1, F ₂ = 4/3 and F ₃ = 5/3.

For a length of the shortest stator module = 600 mm follows: stator module 1 = 600 mm, stator module 2 = 800 mm, stator module 3 = 1000 mm. So it is possible a gradation of 200 mm.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, the at least one stator module is further alternatively or additionally preferably attached by insertion into a groove of the supporting profile and secured by a mechanical safeguard against displacement in the groove.

Here is the mechanical assurance, for example, a pin, a screw, a plastic deformation of the carrier profile in the region of the groove or parts of the stator, or a gluing, soldering or welding the linear motor module. Since a stable, complex shaped supporting profile, which integrates a large number of supporting and fastening functions, Particularly easy and inexpensive extruded as a profile, preferably made of aluminum, and can bring grooves without cost-causing overhead in such a profile, this erfindungs¬ contemporary preferred embodiment with inserted into a profile groove of the support profile stator modules is particularly simple, flexible and kosten¬ low. Furthermore, the attachment in a groove at any point along the profile is possible and independent of the length of Statormo¬ dules.

According to the invention, the at least one stator module in the third alternative can alternatively also be replaced by another mechanical connection, e.g. be secured by screwing, riveting, pinning, Verklammem, gluing, soldering or welding to the fixed support profile. That is, in addition to the particularly favorable attachment through a slot guide, all other joining methods are also possible between the stator module (s) and the carrier profile, with which sufficient strength can be realized. When guiding the stator modules in a groove, other joining methods can additionally be used to remedy the disadvantage of the guide play in a slot guide and a possible rattling associated therewith.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention is further alternatively or additionally preferably in the support profile not used for Stator¬ used for receiving stator modules space with at least one magnetic yoke body ausge¬ filled.

The return bodies of the stator modules can, in addition to the reinforcement of the magnetic drive fields of the coils, also have an additional supporting function in cooperation with the permanent magnets of the rotor fulfill. In order for this support function to be maintained uniformly over the entire travel length, the stator in this preferred embodiment according to the invention is extended by corresponding return bodies when using a stator which is shorter than the travel length plus the rotor length. Furthermore, in this preferred embodiment according to the invention, an extension of the return body by means of large extension forces resulting from retraction of the permanent magnets from the region of the return bodies of the stator also avoids. The extra effort by the extension of the return body of the stator is estimated to be low, which can be made of return-path body with simple manufacturing processes of a low-priced weichmagneti¬'s material. Since the return body extension contains no electrical components or elements, it can be cut or shortened to almost any length. Another possibility is to use return body modules of constant length and to fill in the remaining space. These elements can be significantly shorter than the stator modules, since the return body modules do not have to be electrically contacted and therefore the use of a larger number of such elements during assembly is acceptable.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, the at least one stator module alternatively or additionally preferably has a magnetically sensitive position sensor, which preferably consists of a plurality of magnetically sensitive individual sensors, a position measuring system operating with the magnetic series as a magnetic scale or with a separate magnetic scale on. In this preferred embodiment according to the invention, preferably at least two are used with a fixed distance for the commutation and regulation of the linear motor sliding door drive (in a path-dependent control). already integrated in the stator modules, which eliminates a separate handling.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, alternatively, or additionally preferably, the individual coils of the coil arrangement of a stator module are connected to a ring circuit or star circuit connected to phase lines extending through the stator module. This preferred embodiment according to the invention enables a particularly simple electrical connection of a plurality of stator modules to a stator, since the necessary electrical connections, i. the phase lines, in principle, are present at both ends of a stator module. The individual coils are then connected within a stator module to the phase lines routed at both ends.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, alternatively or additionally, the individual coils of the coil arrangement of a stator module, which are connected to one of the phase lines running through the stator module, are preferably connected electrically in series or in parallel. By virtue of these preferred circuit alternatives according to the invention, there is in each case a single-fault safety for a specific type of fault. In the case of a parallel connection, the fault of a line interruption on individual coils, which may occur in the event of bad contact, is protected, whereas in a series connection, short circuits of individual coils, as they are likely to occur when they burn through, are irrelevant.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, further alternatively or additionally, preferably phase lines extending through the stator module are each connected at least two parallel Ladders running. This embodiment of the invention allows a single-fault safety, which is particularly necessary for escape route applications by the phase lines are designed as loops, which is still applied to all parts of the conductor potential at an interruption at one point of the ring.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention further alternatively or additionally preferably the coil cores made of a soft magnetic material. Further preferably, the coil cores are made of laminated. A lathed design of the coil cores, which is likewise selected according to the invention and which is also possible because of the solid design of the coil cores, generally provides advantages in terms of the eddy current losses. On the other hand, there is the additional effort that can be seen as low to none in a stamped part design.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention are further alternatively or additionally preferably the coil cores cylindrical or they have an elongated shape which extends transversely to the direction of movement of the support carriage. In particular, in the latter preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, grooves are formed between the soft-magnetic cores, so that a very small overall height of the linear motor stator according to the invention of less than 12 mm can be realized. Since only the portion of the winding wire of the stator modules lying transverse to the direction of travel makes a contribution to the feed, elongated coils whose longitudinal axis lies transversely to the direction of travel, ie a winding in which this portion is as large as possible, are particularly effective. Since the non-effective wire components also continue to cause ohmic losses, an efficient angle decreases in addition to the required volume of copper and associated therewith. those costs and space and the power losses and thus increases the efficiency of the linear motor of this preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention is also alternatively or additionally preferably the coil or Wicklungsver¬ wiring in the transverse direction next to the coil assembly. This arrangement according to the invention enables a simple and space-saving construction.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, alternatively, or in addition, preferably a plurality of individual coils of the coil arrangement are manufactured from an uninterrupted wire. This arrangement according to the invention avoids or reduces contacting of the individual coils, whereby interruptions in the wiring caused by poor contacts during operation of the sliding door according to the invention are avoided or reduced.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, as an alternative or in addition, preferably the individual coils of the coil arrangement without a fixed winding body are baked or glued to solid coils. For this purpose, the wire of the coil is preferably baked enamel wire according to the invention. With this embodiment according to the invention, the coils of baked or glued wire can be plugged onto the coil cores. There, the coils can be fixed by snapping, gluing, Ver¬ baking, potting or sheet metal tabs. Alternatively, the wire of the coils of the at least one linear motor stator module can be wound firmly on the coil cores, so that coil and core form a solid unit. In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, as an alternative or in addition, an electrical insulation layer is preferably provided between the individual coils and the coil cores of the coil arrangement. According to the invention, this electrical insulation layer can consist, for example, of lacquer, foil, tube or a solid plastic body.

In the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, alternatively, or additionally preferably, one end of each individual coil is contacted with the coil core associated with this individual coil, and the coil cores form, together with a magnetic return bus, a conductor of the coil wiring. In this embodiment according to the invention, the cores with the return bar preferably form the star point conductor of coils connected in a star shape.

The third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention preferably also has, for each door leaf, a roller arrangement connected to the magnet row, which fulfills a supporting function with respect to the door leaf and ensures a certain gap-like distance between the magnet row and the coil cores.

By such a design of the magnetic drive system as a magnetic support and drive system, in which the required Trag¬ force is partially absorbed by the magnetic support and drive system and partially from the roller assembly, the advantage over the prior art that achieved the roller arrangement neither has to carry the entire load of the door leaf nor has to accommodate a high load-bearing capacity required for safety determinations with door leaves suspended purely by means of safety devices. As a result, the following advantages are achieved compared to a pure roller bearing or a magnetic suspension supported by rollers: - longer life of the rollers,

- Reduction of the roll size and thus a reduction in space bezüg lent the roller bearing,

- A reduction of the rolling noise, - Reduction of rolling resistance or rolling friction.

Furthermore, in this embodiment of the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention over one with a purely magnetic support and guide system the advantages that the load-bearing capacity stiffness in the design of the system wer¬ not taken into account when accelerating and decelerating no Wankbewegun¬ conditions of the carried load, eg of the door leaf, arise, and that different deflections do not necessarily have to be taken into account or compensated for with different door leaf weights. Furthermore, the magnetic support and drive system according to the invention thus designed for at least one door leaf can be manufactured without differences in series, without taking into account the actual later use, without differences in series, i. without an adjustment required during production to the weight to be carried later.

For these reasons, according to the invention, in such a bearing operating according to the attractive force principle, a very good ease of movement and noiseless operation is provided, whereby due to the inserted roller arrangement, which ensures the particular gap-like distance between the magnet row and the coil arrangement, despite the use of an unstable state of equilibrium, no electrical or electronic control device needs to be provided. A gap-like distance in the sense of this invention is a distance between two parallel or slightly inclined surfaces. Here in particular between a pole face of one of (at least one) Magnet series and one of these oppositely arranged substantially parallel thereto surface of the coil cores of the coil assembly.

In the third alternative of the carrying device according to the invention, the magnet row is preferably magnetized parallel to the carrying direction and transversely to the drive direction.

According to the invention, the at least one magnet series preferably consists of one or more high-performance magnets, preferably high-energy side earth magnets, more preferably neodymium-iron-boron (NeFeB) or samarium-cobalt (S1TI ₂ C0) or plastic-bonded magnet materials , The use of such high-performance magnets makes it possible to generate substantially higher force densities than with ferrite magnets because of the higher remanence induction. Accordingly, the magnet system can be constructed geometrically small and thus save space for a given load capacity with high-performance magnets. The higher material costs of the high-performance magnets compared with ferrite magnets are at least compensated by the comparatively small magnet volume.

The drive system according to the invention or combined support and drive system is used to drive at least one door leaf of a sliding door, which is preferably designed as a curved sliding door or horizontal sliding wall. In addition to this insert, it can also be used to drive gate leaves or in feed devices, handling devices or transport systems. The auxiliary drive according to the invention can be provided for a door leaf or for several, including all, door leaves of a multi-leaf sliding door.

All embodiments described with respect to one of the alternatives of the sliding door according to the invention can - as well as the described alternatives themselves - be combined with each other as desired.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.

Showing:

FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a first preferred embodiment of the magnetic support device according to the invention used in the first and second alternative in various load states,

FIG. 2 shows the load capacity curve of the magnetic support device according to the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows the transverse force profile of the magnetic support device according to the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a top view of the magnetic support device according to the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a coil module according to the invention of the first and second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a first preferred embodiment with three coils and U-shaped sheet metal holder oriented transversely to the direction of travel as well as three contact and fixing pins without and with U - shaped DIN rail element,

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a top view of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention,

FIG. 7 shows an electrical connection of the coils of the linear drive unit of the drive system shown in FIG. 6,

8 shows a diagram for explaining a first possibility of the voltage curve at the coils of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention as shown in FIG. 7, FIG.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram for explaining a second possibility of the voltage curve at the coils of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention connected as shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 shows a diagram for explaining a third possibility of the voltage profile at the circuit as shown in FIG. coils of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention,

11 shows a perspective view of a coil module according to the invention of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a second preferred embodiment or a perspective view of a part of a coil arrangement according to the invention of the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, with three coils oriented in the direction of travel, FIG. which are wound on a common core, wherein the core and the shown square pole shoes can be a compact rotary part,

12 is a sectional view of a plan view of the second preferred embodiment of the combined drive system according to the invention of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention or a sectional view of a top view of a first preferred embodiment of the combined magnetic support and drive system of the second alternative of the invention ¬ mäßen sliding door with an electrical interconnection of the coils of the linear drive unit,

Figure 13: arranged in series coils with aligned axes, which are on one side facing magnets, or at the two

Side flux guides are arranged, the second Alterna¬ tive of the sliding door according to the invention, FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a combined support and drive system used in accordance with the invention in the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention;

FIG. 15 shows an electrical connection of the coils of the linear drive unit of the combined support and drive system shown in FIG. 14,

FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

17 shows a cross-sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, FIG.

FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention;

FIG. 19 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the invention;

FIG. 20 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention; FIG. 21 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the invention;

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention;

FIG. 23 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 24 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 25 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 26 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 27 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, FIG. 28 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 29 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 30 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a seventh preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 31 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to an eighth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 32 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a ninth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

33 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a tenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, FIG.

FIG. 34 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to an eleventh preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, FIG. 35 shows an electrical shading of a stator module of a sliding door according to a twelfth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 36 shows an electrical shading of a stator module of a sliding door according to a thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

37 shows a first variant of an electrical shading of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, FIG.

FIG. 38 shows a second variant of an electrical shading of two stator modules connected to one another of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 39 shows a third variant of an electrical shading of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 40 shows a first variant of an electrical shading of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

FIG. 41 shows a second variant of an electrical shading of two stator modules connected to one another; According to the thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention

FIG. 42 shows a cross-sectional view and a horizontal sectional view of coil cores of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, and FIG

FIG. 43 shows a cross-sectional view and a horizontal sectional view of coil cores of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

1 shows a schematic representation of a first preferred embodiment of the invention used in the magnetic Trag¬ the first and second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in cross section. By way of illustration, a coordinate system is shown, in which an x-direction represents a direction of travel of a door leaf 5 suspended on the carrying device according to the invention. The direction of the transverse forces acting on the magnetic support means is the y-direction and the vertical magnetic deflection downwards due to the weight of the suspended door leaves 5 is marked in the z-direction.

A magnetic row 1 fastened to a support carriage 4 is positively guided in the horizontal direction by a mechanical guide element 3 which cooperates with a housing 6 of the support device, between soft-magnetic support rails 2a, 2b which form the support element 2. while freely displaceable in the vertical direction and in the direction of travel (x) of the door leaf 5 is. As a result of the symmetry thus forced, the transverse forces acting on the magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d in the y direction largely cancel each other out. In the vertical direction (z-direction), the magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d assume a symmetrical position only in the load-free state, ie without load fastened to the support carriage 4, as shown in FIG. 1a).

When loading the magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d with a weight F ₉ , z. B. by the attached to the support carriage 4 door 5, they are moved in the vertical direction from the symmetrical position shown in Figure 1a) via an intermediate state shown in Figure 1b) in an equilibrium position shown in Figure 1c), by the weight to be supported ¬ force F ₉ and a magnetic restoring force between the magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d of the magnet array 1 and the support rails 2a, 2b of Tragele¬ mentes 2, hereinafter also referred to as a load F (z) is determined. The cause of this restoring force are the magnetic forces of attraction acting between the magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d of the magnet array 1 and the mounting rails 2a, 2b, only the part of the magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d which is located between the mounting rails 2a 2b emerges downwards, to which this magnetic carrying capacity contributes. Since this part increases with increasing vertical deflection, the magnetic load capacity continuously increases with the deflection in accordance with the contract.

FIG. 2 shows the dependence between the vertical deflection of the magnet row 1 and the magnetic load capacity in a characteristic curve, ie the load capacity curve of the support device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. On the abscissa is the vertical deflection z down, z. In mm, and on the ordinate the corresponding generated magnetic load F (z), e.g. In Newton. The course of the load capacity curve is characterized by an upper and a lower breakpoint, which are each achieved when the magnets between the support rails up and down completely emerge, as shown in the case down in Figure 1e). If this critical deflection is exceeded due to the force, the restoring forces are weakened by the increasing distance to the mounting rails 2a, 2b, whereby in these areas no stable equilibrium state between the load capacity F (z) and the weight force F caused by the load ₉ can be achieved.

In practice, such a tearing off of the load-bearing force F (z) by the weight force F _{9 of} the door leaf mass can be reliably prevented by a mechanical limitation of the possible deflection of the magnet row 1, as shown by way of example in FIG. 1 d). Here, the housing accommodating the mounting rails 2a, 2b and providing a horizontal guide for the guide element 3 simultaneously comprises two projections 6a, 6b, each arranged at its lower ends, which limit the possible deflection of the support carriage 4 and thus the mechanical deflection on this rigidly fixed row of magnets 1 in the z-direction.

Between the upper break-off point and the lower break-off point, the load-bearing characteristic runs almost linearly, with a positive deflection of the magnetic row 1, ie a downward deflection, which takes place through the door leaf 5 fastened to the support slide 4, from the origin of the coordinate system between vertical deflection z of the magnetic series 1 and magnetic load F (z) are run through to the lower breakpoint on the load capacity curve operating points with negative slope, in which a respective stable position of the magnetic series 1 between the support rails 2a, 2b, due to the on the Magnetic series 1 acting weight F ₉ and the same amount, acting in the opposite direction magnetic load F (z) can adjust. With strict symmetry of the described magnetic support device about the vertical center axis (z-axis), which depends on both the arrangement of the support device and the mechanical guide element 3, the horizontal magnetic force components in the transverse direction, ie in the y direction, cancel completely , If the magnetic row 1 leaves this exact middle position due to tolerances, then a transverse force F (y) acting on the magnetic row 1 arises due to different strong attraction forces relative to the two mounting rails 2a, 2b.

FIG. 3 shows, for a gap width of z. B. -1 mm to +1 mm, a transverse force profile F (y) in response to a lateral displacement y of the magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, which has a positive slope over the entire course. This means that at the zero point of the coordinate system, which corresponds to the central position of the magnetic row 1 between the mounting rails 2a, 2b, there is an unstable balance of forces. In all other points of the coordinate system there is a resulting transverse force F (y).

Since there is only an unstable equilibrium of forces in the middle position, the guide element 3 has to provide a precise mechanical support which moves the magnet row 1 during the travel movement of the magnet row 1 in the direction of movement, ie. H. in the x-direction, exactly centered between the Trag¬ rails 2a, 2b leads. The more precisely this centering can be realized, the lower the resulting transverse force F (y) and the associated frictional forces of the mechanical bearing.

To optimize the wearing properties; should the magnet width, i. H. the

Dimensions of the magnetic row 1 or of their individual magnets 1a, 1b,

1c, 1d in y-direction, be as large as possible, because a large magnet width causes a large field strength, which leads to large load capacities. The magic The height of the magnet row or of its individual magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d in the z-direction should be as small as possible, because small magnet heights increase the rigidity of the load-bearing field by bundling the field.

The height of the mounting rails 2a, 2b should be as small as possible, a mounting rail height is less 1/2 the magnetic height, because the field lines of the permanent magnets are bundled and thereby increases the rigidity of the magnetic support system.

The arrangement should be chosen so that the soft magnetic support rails 2a, 2b in the equilibrium state in which the magnetic load F (z) is equal in magnitude caused by loading the magnetic series 1 with the door leaf 5 weight force F ₉ , vertically asymmetrical around the magnetic series 1 and the magnet array 1 should be as continuous as possible in order to avoid latching forces in the direction of movement, ie in the x direction.

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a plan view of the carrying device shown in FIG. 1a along a section line AA according to the first preferred embodiment of the first and second alternative of the invention. It can be seen that the magnet array 1 consists of individual magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, which are arranged with alternating magnetization direction between the two laterally arranged mounting rails 2a, 2b, which consist of a soft magnetic material. In this embodiment, in which the mounting rails 2a, 2b form the stationary part of the carrying device according to the invention, the individual magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are fastened to the movable support carriage 4 to form the magnet array 1 and can be inserted between the rails 2a, 2b be moved in the x and z directions. For a vertical shift, ie a displacement in the z-direction to a small way, about 3-5 mm, from the zero position, ie the geometric position of symmetry results, due to the use of extremely strong permanent magnets, z. B. from Nd-Fe-B, a considerable restoring force, which is suitable for carrying a sliding door leaf 5 with a weight of about 80 kg / m. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 4, in which the permanent magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are arranged with alternating magnetization direction between the two mounting rails 2a, 2b, the field closure by the mounting rails 2a, 2b in the case of mutual magnetization direction of the side by side magnets positively reinforcing from.

FIG. 5 shows a drive segment of a first preferred embodiment of the drive segment according to the invention in a perspective representation. Here, a coil module according to the invention to be used as a stator module or rotor module consists of three coils 7 aligned transversely to the travel direction and having coil cores 12 which are arranged in a U-shaped sheet metal holder 21, from which three contacting and fastening pins 22 project in an electrically insulated manner. By means of these contacting and fastening pins 22, the coil module can be fastened as well as driven by energizing the individual coils. As a common mass z. B. serve the U-shaped plate holder, in which the coils 7 z. B. by resistance spot welding, rivets or caulking are attached. This coil module according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 a) is shown inserted in a basically U-shaped mounting rail 2 d, wherein the contacting and fastening pins 22 protrude through their bottom region 23 'and between the side walls holding the coil cores 12 U-shaped sheet metal holder 21 and the side walls of the U-shaped support rail 2d each have a Luft¬ gap, in each of which a series of magnets can be performed, with the support rail 2d and the coils 7 of the coil assembly in alternating is to be held in the air gap and be¬ moved in the direction of travel.

FIG. 6 shows two drive segments of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention, here as a combined magnetic support and drive system, in a sectional plan view, in which the magnetic linear drive used according to the invention acts on the rows of magnets 1e, 1f which are not shown Tragschlit-th 4 are attached. The two magnet rows 1e, 1f each have alternately polarized individual magnets, wherein the polarities of the individual magnets of the two magnet rows 1e, 1f offset in the transverse direction are rectified. Between the rows of magnets 1 e, 1 f, the coils 7 are arranged so that the respective coil core 12 in Quer¬ direction, d. H. y-direction, extends. On the side facing away from the coils 7 with spool core 12 side of the magnetic row 1 is in each case a side region of the support rail 2d.

In order to ensure a continuous advancement of the magnet row 1, the stator coils 7 are arranged with their respective coil cores 12 in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, since each relative position is attributable to an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive, as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Because of the available three-phase three-phase network, a three-phase system, as shown by way of example in FIG. 6, can be constructed very inexpensively. In this case, a respective drive segment and thus a coil module of the linear drive unit consists of three coils 7a, 7b, 7c which have an extension of three length units in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie between the centers of adjacent coil elements. Cores 12 is a grid R _s = 1 unit length. The length of a magnet of the magnetic row 1 in the drive direction and the length of the gap lying between the individual magnets of the magnetic row 1 is selected here so that the length of a magnet LMagnet + length of a gap Li_ücke ⁼ Magnet¬ grid R _M = 3/4 length unit (= 3 / 4 R _s ).

FIG. 7 shows the interconnection of the coils of the two drive segments shown in FIG. 6 of the linear drive unit used in accordance with the invention. Here, a first coil 7a with a first coil core 12a is connected between a first phase and a second phase of a three-phase system consisting of three phases whose three phases are uniformly distributed, ie the second phase at 120 ° and a third phase 240 °, when the first phase is at 0 °. The in positive drive direction, d. H. + x-direction, next to the first coil 7a with the coil core 12a lying second coil 7b with coil core 12b of a drive segment of the linear drive unit is connected between the second phase and the third phase and in the positive drive direction, d. H. + x-direction next to the second coil 7b with the coil core 12b lie¬ de third coil 7c with coil core 12c is connected between the third phase and the first phase.

If one assigns the angle formed by the permanent magnets Polraster, analogous to the arrangement in a two-pole DC motor, phase angle, so the linear coil arrangements can be mapped in a circular phase diagram. Since this is both magnetic as a driving effect on the permanent magnets and electrically as control If the coils can be interpreted, the relationship between switching states and driving effect can be described uniformly by this diagram.

Such a circular phase diagram with drawn coils is shown in FIG. Here, on the ordinate, the electric potential is given in V and on the abscissa the magnetic potential. A circle around the origin of this coordinate system, representing a zero potential for both the electric potential and the magnetic potential, represents the phase angles of the voltage applied to the respective coils, giving a 0 ° phase position at the intersection of the circle with the positive ordinate and the phase is in the clockwise direction to a 90 ^c phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the south pole, a 180 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative ordinate, which represents the minimum voltage potential, a 270 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the positive abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the north pole, to a 360 ° phase position, which is equal to the 0 ° phase position, in the intersection of Circle with the positive ordinate representing the maximum voltage potential changes.

As shown in FIG. 7, a relationship is given in which the first coil 7a with a coil core 12a between an 0 ° phase position and a 120 ° phase position, the second coil 7b with a coil core 12b between a 120 ° phase position and a phase angle 240 ° phase position and the third coil 7c with coil core 12c lie between a 240 ° phase position and a 360 ° phase position. In the case of three-phase operation, the hands of these coils now rotate counterclockwise in accordance with the alternating frequency of the three-phase current, with one of the electric potential differences between the two 005/010853

- 45 -

on the ordinate projected beginning and end points of the pointer ent speaking voltage applied to the coil.

In the magnetic interpretation of the phase diagram, a phase pass of 180 ° corresponds to a displacement of the rotor by the distance between the centers of two adjacent magnets, ie the magnetic grid R _M. As a result of the alternating polarization of the magnet in the rotor, a change in polarity is carried out in the case of a displacement about the magnetic grid R _M. After a 360 ^c phase pass, the cursor shift is two R _M. Here, the magnets are relative to the grid Rs of the stator coils back to starting position, comparable to a 360 ^c revolution of the rotor of a two-pole DC motor.

For the electrical interpretation of the phase diagram, the ordinate is considered, on which the applied electrical voltage potential is darge. At 0 °, the maximum potential, at 180 °, the minimum potential and at 90 ° or 270 °, an average voltage potential. As mentioned above, the coils are represented in the diagram by arrows whose start and end points represent the contacts. The respectively applied coil voltage can be read off by projection of start and end point of the arrows on the potential axis. The arrow direction determines the current direction and thereby the magnetization direction of the coil.

Instead of a continuous sinusoidal voltage source, which has a phase diagram according to FIG. 8, a controller with a rectangular characteristic can also be used for reasons of cost. In a corresponding phase diagram, which is shown in FIG. 9, the rectangular characteristic is represented by switching thresholds. In this case, the phase connections can each have the three states plus potential, minus potential take potential and potential-free. The plus potential z. B. in a range between 300 ° and 60 ° and the negative potential in a range of 120 ° to 240 ° and the ranges between 60 ° and 120 ° and 240 ° and 300 ° represent the potential-free state in which the coils are not are connected. In the case of square-wave voltage control, the more uneven thrust in comparison with the sinusoidal control is disadvantageous.

Of course, a large number of further coil configurations and potential distributions can still be set up, for example. Example, the potential distribution shown in Figure 10, in which a minimum potential of 0 V in a range between 105 ° and 255 °, a maximum potential of 24 V in a range of 285 ° to 75 ° and potential-free areas of 75 ° to 105 ° and from 255 ° to 285 °.

FIG. 11 shows a second preferred embodiment of a coil module according to the invention of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, in which three coils 7 aligned in the direction of travel are wound onto a common coil core 12. The spool core 12 and arranged between the coils 7 square pole pieces 19 are a compact rotary member. For contacting and fixing 7 two Kontaktierungs- and mounting pins 22 are provided for each coil, which protrude isolated from the pole pieces 19.

Furthermore, FIG. 12 shows two drive segments of the second preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, which are formed here by two coil modules each having six coils, here as a combined magnetic support and drive system in a sectional plan view, in which FIG Magnetic linear drive used according to the invention Three-phase coil arrangement, wherein a row of magnets 1 between tween two Polschuhleisten 18a, 18b is located, each connecting all lying on one side of the magnetic row 1 pole pieces 19 of coils of the linear drive unit. The pole shoes 19 are here each formed with the respective coil core 12 of the coils 7a extending in the drive direction, ie the x-direction, as a rotary part and extend to the respective pole shoe strip 18a, 18b in order to ensure a better magnetic field closure , The arranged on the pole sides of the individual magnets of the magnetic series 1 coils of the two coil modules shown are connected symmetrically in the same manner as in the previously described be¬ described embodiment. In this embodiment, the magnetic grid RM = 3/2 of the coil grid Rs is selected. As a result of these features, the characteristic features are that each coil bridges a phase angle of 120 ° and that after 360 ° (one revolution = 2 RM) all three coils of a drive segment of the linear drive unit are run through, wherein, as in FIG above embodiment - a Antriebsseg¬ ment consists of one of the electrical phases corresponding number of zu¬ together driven coils or coil pairs.

The phase diagram of this arrangement corresponds to that of the previously described arrangement in which the coils represented by arrows in the phase diagram form a triangle, the corners of this triangle representing respectively the phases of the control. Here, the corners of the triangle pass through 360 °, which corresponds to a translational movement of the rotor around three coil patterns, three voltage potentials: plus, minus and potential-free, if the square-wave control shown in FIG. 9 is selected. Since each coil bridges a phase angle of 120 °, the potential of one phase is changed by a rotation of 60 ° and one of the three phases is always potential-free. If you apply the phase potential as a function of the number of 60 ° rotation 53

- 48 -

into a table, the following phase control diagram results:

0 ° 60 ° 120 ° 180 ° 240 ° 300 ° Phase 1 + 0 - - 0 +

Phase 2 0 + + 0

Phase 3 - 0 + + 0

By a shift of the switching threshold to a negative potential between 105 ° and 255 °, a plus potential between 285 ° and 75 ° and potential-free states between 75 ° and 105 ° and 255 ° and 285 °, ähn¬ lich the state shown in Figure 10 leaves to realize a control with a step size of 30 °. In this case, two phases can have the same potential, so that no voltage difference is applied to the associated coil and no current flows. In each second 30 ° step, one phase is potential-free. The corresponding 30 ° phase control diagram with 12 control steps results as follows:

0 ° 30 ° 60 ° 90 ° 120 ° 150 ° 180 ° 210 ° 240 ° 270 ° 300 ° 330 ° Phase 1 + + 0 0 + + +

Phase 2 0 + + + + + 0

Phase 3 - - - - 0 + + + + + 0 -

In order to optimize the feed properties, the magnet width, ie the dimensions of the magnet row 1 or of its individual magnet in the y direction, should be as small as possible, because the permanent magnets have a damping effect on the magnetic circuit of the coils. The height of the magnet, that is to say the dimensions of the magnet row (s) 1, 1e, 1f or of their individual magnets in the z direction, should be as large as possible, because a large magnet height leads to a large air gap area, which is the magnetic resistance reducing the coil circle helps. At the same time, a large amount of magnetic material is introduced into the magnetic coil circuit without generating too large field strengths saturating the magnetic circuit. The height of the poles 19 and / or coil cores 12 should be as large as possible, so that the pole pieces 19 or coil cores 12 reach as large a coverage as possible with the magnets, so that a large air gap surface with high effective force and small magnetic resistance results. The arrangement of these soft magnetic components should achieve the greatest possible vertical overlap between coil cores 12 or pole shoes 19.

FIG. 11 likewise shows a perspective view of a part of a coil arrangement according to the invention of the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, namely a drive segment consisting of three individual coils of a first preferred embodiment of the second alternative of the magnetic drive system or combined magnetic support and drive system according to the invention the individual coils 7 are wound on a common core 12 which, together with square pole shoes 19, is designed as a compact rotary part. Insulated arranged Kontaktierungs¬ and mounting pins 22 are provided on the pole pieces 19, wherein each coil 7 has two such pins 22 which are arranged so that they both for fastening the coil arrangement and for the electrical connection of the Ein¬ zelspulen 7 with control lines serve a control unit.

FIG. 13a) shows two drive segments, ie six individual coils 7, which are arranged in series and whose axes 18 are aligned, whereby pole shoes 19 are arranged between the individual coils 7, whose outer side has 24 pole faces of a magnet row 1 with a certain gap - Formed distance 25 opposite. FIG. 13b) shows a view corresponding to FIG. 13a), in which the magnetic row 1 is not shown, but flux guides 23 which are arranged on at least one outer side 24 of the pole shoes 19 which oppose the magnetic row 1 with the specific gap-shaped spacing - Survived, wherein the flux conductors 23, the coils 7 almost concealed on this page, ie the surface of the pole pieces 19, the ge of the magnet array 1, geüberliegt enlarged.

FIG. 12 likewise shows two drive segments of a first preferred embodiment of the combined magnetic support and drive system according to the invention of the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a sectional plan view, in which two of the coil arrangements shown in FIG. 13b) are each on one side Thus, six individual coils 7 are located on each side of the magnetic row 1, with 7 pole pieces 19 being arranged between the individual coils , 2b and act through the concern so that the flux guides 23 are replaced and also (not shown) as the flux guides 23 may be slotted, ie may consist of individual elements, wherein the support rails 2a, 2b each with a certain distance from the Pole surfaces of the individual magnets of the magnetic series 1 spaced are. The magnet row 1 is attached to a support carriage 4, not shown, and has alternately polarized individual magnets 1a-d. The polar axes 18 of the coil cores 12 are aligned parallel to the magnetic series 1 and the magnetic fields generated by the individual coils 7 are passed through the pole pieces 19 and the soft magnetic support rails 2a, 2b in the air gap to the individual magnets 1a - d of the magnetic series 1 act and drive them in a certain direction of travel, ie x-direction. In order to ensure a continuous feed of the magnetic row 1, the stator coils 7 are arranged with their respective coil cores 12 and pole shoes 19 in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, since each relative position is attributable to an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive, as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Due to the available three-phase rotary power network is a three-phase system, as shown by way of example in Figure 12, very inexpensive to build.

In this case, a respective drive segment of the linear drive unit consists of three coils 7 on each side of the magnetic row 1, which have an extension of three units of length in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie between the centers of adjacent coil cores 12, a grid R _s = 1 Length unit is located. The length of a magnet of the magnet row 1 in the drive direction and the length of the gap lying between the individual magnets of the magnet row 1 are selected here so that the length of a magnet LMagne _t + length of a gap Luid ⁼ magnetic grid RM = 3/2 length unit (= 3/2 R _s ).

The interconnection of the coils of the two drive segments of the linear drive unit used in the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention is equal to the second preferred embodiment of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention described above with reference to FIG. Therefore, the phase diagrams and phase control diagrams described above are also corresponding to the embodiment. Of course, the coil modules according to the invention can also be used in systems in which the preferably only magnetically mounted support device is provided separately from the drive system according to the invention.

FIG. 14 shows a schematic basic representation of two drive segments of a drive system preferably used according to the invention in the third alternative, in this case as a combined magnetic support and drive system, in a longitudinal section, in which the magnetic linear drive used according to the invention is applied to the magnet row 1 acts, which is fixed to a support carriage 4, which holds a door 5. The magnet array 1 is fastened to a carrier profile 6 'and has in each case alternately polarized individual magnets. In the supporting direction above the row of magnets 1, coils 2 'are arranged with a certain gap-shaped spacing in such a way that a respective coil core 3' extends in the direction of support, i. z-direction, extends. The coil cores are in Anziehen¬ the force effect with the magnet array 1 and thus bring a portion of a load capacity for the door 5 on.

In order to ensure a continuous feed of the magnet array 1, the stator coils 2 'are arranged with their respective coil cores 3' in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, since each relative position is attributable to an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive, as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Due to the three-phase three-phase network available, a three-phase system, as shown by way of example in FIG. 15, can be constructed very inexpensively. In this case, a respective drive segment and thus a coil module of the linear drive unit consists of three coils which have an extension of three length units in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie a grid R _s between the centers of adjacent coil cores 3 ' = 1 unit of length. The length of a magnet of the Magnet¬ row 1 in the driving direction and the length of the row of magnets Neten between the Einzelmag¬ 1 gap lying is chosen here that the length of a magnet L _Ma g _n et + length of a gap Lluecke = magnetic raster R _M = 3 / 4 length unit (= 3/4 R _s ).

FIG. 15 shows the interconnection of the coils of the two drive segments shown in FIG. 14 of the linear drive unit preferably used according to the invention in the third alternative. Here, a first coil 2a ¹ with a first coil core 3a 'is closed between a first phase and a second phase of a three-phase three-phase system whose three phases are uniformly distributed, ie the second phase at 120 ° and a third phase 240 °, when the first phase is at 0 °. The in the positive drive direction, ie + x-direction, next to the first coil 2a 'with coil core 3a' lying second coil 2b 'with coil core 3b ^{1 of} a drive segment of the linear drive unit is connected between the second phase and the third phase and in po ¬ Sitiver drive direction, ie + χ direction next to the second coil 2b 'with coil core 3b' lying third coil 2c ¹ with coil core 3c ¹ is connected between the third phase and the first phase. In addition to such a drive segment of the linear drive unit lying drive segments of the linear drive unit are connected in the same way to the three phases of the three-phase system.

Assigning the phase angle formed by the permanent magnets Polraster, analogous to the arrangement in a two-pole DC motor, Thus, the linear coil arrangements can be imaged in a circular phase diagram as in the first and second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention. Since the electrical interconnection of the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention corresponds to that of the first and second alternatives, the phase diagrams and phase control diagrams shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 and analogously also result for the third alternative of the sliding door according to the invention.

FIG. 16 shows a cross-section of a carrying and driving device of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, which also shows a section of a stator module according to the invention.

A basically U-shaped support profile 6 'has a bottom 9 and two perpendicular side portions 10 which each have recesses 11 in which arrangements 7', 8 fastened to the support carriage 4 run from individual rollers, which cause a vertical guidance. Here, two identical arrangements 7 ', 8 of individual rollers are selected, of which a left arrangement T lies in the positive transverse direction y to the left of a right arrangement 8. The left-hand arrangement T is fastened on the supporting carriage 4 on the left in the positive transverse direction y and the right-hand arrangement 8 is fastened on the supporting carriage 4 on the right in the positive transverse direction y.

Within the here in principle U-shaped support carriage 4, at the Sei¬ tenbereichen 12 'the arrangements 7', 8 are fixed by single rollers, the magnetic row 1 is arranged on the bottom 13 of the support carriage 4. Between the side portions 12 'of the support carriage 4 is arranged with a gap-shaped distance a to the magnetic row 1 from a coil 2 ¹ and 3 coil cores' existing coil assembly which on a soft magnetic return rail 14 are fixed, which is inserted into a groove on the bottom 9 of the support section 6 '. The coil arrangement with its wiring 37 and the soft-magnetic return rail 14 form a stator module 40 according to the invention, which forms a mechanical unit and is inserted into a groove in the bottom 9 of the support profile 6 ¹ . The coil cores 3 'and the soft magnetic Rückfluss¬ rail 14 may also be integrally formed.

For stabilization, it points in principle upwards, i. in the negative supporting direction, ie the -z direction, open U-shaped support carriages 4 at the upper edges of its lateral regions 12 'in the transverse direction, i. positive and negative y-direction, projecting ribs which are interrupted in the region of the individual rollers of the arrangements 7 ', 8 of the roller arrangement.

In these embodiments of the invention, the recesses 11 of the support profile 6 'in the vertical direction next to the coil 2' and Spulenker¬ NEN 3 'arranged, so the support carriage 4 is designed so that not only the magnetic row 1 attached to this within its Seiten¬ areas 12 'is arranged, but also parts of the supporting profile 6' fixed to the coil 2 'and coil cores 3'. This results in a particularly flat design.

Further, the recesses 11 are provided with running surfaces 15, which are designed so that a unrolling of the individual rollers of the arrangements 7 ', 8 of the roller assembly takes place with low noise. For this purpose, the running surfaces 15 can consist of two or more material components, for example of a soft damping layer 15b, which is provided on the supporting profile 6 ', and a hard running layer 15a on which the individual rollers run. Furthermore, a horizontal guide element (not shown) is provided on support carriage 4, which holds support carriage 4 in a stable position in the y-direction.

Between the individual coils 2 'projecting downwards over the magnet row 1, a position sensor 16 of a displacement measuring system is attached to which the magnet row 1 serves as a measuring scale in order to determine the position of the supporting carriage 4 running in the supporting profile 6 ¹ . The position sensor 16, which may consist of a plurality of individual sensors, is connected via a wiring 39 to a transmitter.

Furthermore, a covering 19 'is provided around the support profile 6', within which a circuit arrangement 18 'for controlling the linear drive unit, which also includes the evaluation electronics of the displacement measuring system, is accommodated, which has a control for driving the individual coils 2' and electrically connected to the position sensor 16 of the Weg¬ measuring system, with the coil 2 'of the coil assembly, with a (not shown) power supply and with a (not shown) sensor for initiating the opening and closing of the sliding door according to the invention.

Of course, according to the invention, the row of magnets 1 on the housing 6 and the "stator module" 40 consisting of coils 2 ', coil cores 3', the wiring 37 and the soft-magnetic return rail 14 can also be fastened to the support carriage 4 Case the stator becomes a runner.

By selecting the controlled individual coils 2 ', the control can move one or more door leaves 5, ie supporting carriages 4 each having a row of magnets 1. 10853

- 57 -

FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

In contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, here the support slide 4 is not U-shaped, but rather flat, and the stator module 40 does not have a dovetail-shaped guide on the return flow rail 14 which fits into a corresponding groove in the bottom 9 of FIG Trag¬ profile 6 'is provided, but the return flow rail 14 is simply designed flat and is inserted in the installed state in a groove which results between the bottom 9 and two projections 42 which are arranged on the side walls 10 of the support section 6'.

The left-hand part of FIG. 17 shows a cross-section of the stator module 40 according to the invention, which is designed here without a position sensor 16 and its wiring 39. The mechanical unit of the stator module 40 consisting of a phase wiring 38 consisting of a return busbar 14, and this attached coil cores 3 'and inserted on these individual coils 2 ¹ is used as a whole in the support section 6 ¹ , as shown in the right part of Figure 17 is. As a result, a simple installation is possible and given an additional stiffening of the support profile 6 '.

FIG. 18 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

In a twice the length of the door leaf having support profile 6 'is provided in the middle of an inventive stator module 40, which is about

1/5 of the length of the supporting profile 6 ¹ corresponds. The stator module 40 acts on a support carriage 4, on which the door leaf 5 is suspended. solidified magnet series 1, which has about twice the length of the stator module 40. In this way, an overlapping of the stator module 40 and the magnetic row 1 is provided in each position of the carrier carriage 4 serving as a runner, but in the extreme positions of the door leaf 5, ie completely open and completely closed, is relatively short, namely only about 1 / 3 of Sta¬ gate consisting of a stator module 40.

Figure 19 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

In contrast to the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 18 according to the third alternative of the invention, a stator consisting of two stator modules 40, 41 is arranged in the middle in the support profile 6 '. Both stator modules 40, 41 have the same length. This results in the extreme positions of the door leaf 5, an overlap of the stator and the magnet array 1 of about 5/6 the length of a stator module, that is about 5/12 of the length of the entire stator.

FIG. 20 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention,

In contrast to the second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention shown in FIG. 19, a stator consisting of two stator modules 40, 41 is arranged here in the support profile 6 'in which both stator modules 40, 41 have a different one Have length. In particular, the left stator module 40 is in the The length and the position identical to the left stator module 40 shown in FIG. 19 and the right stator module 41 are approximately 1.5 times the length of the right stator module 41 shown in FIG. Since both stator modules 40, 41 are joined together approximately in the middle of the carrier profile 6 '(the interface between the two stator modules 40, 41 is slightly offset to the left) to form the stator, this results in the extreme left position of the door leaf 5 an overlap of the stator and the magnetic row 1 of about 5/6 the length of the left stator module 40, that is about 2/5 of the length of the entire stator, and in the extreme right positions of the door leaf 5, an overlap of the stator and the magnetic row 1 of about 4/5 of the length of the right stator module 41, that is about 1/2 of the length of the entire stator.

Figure 21 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the invention.

Here, with regard to the third preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 20, according to the third alternative of the invention, additional magnetic return bodies 43 are arranged to the right and left of the stator formed by the two stator modules 40, 41, which spaces the space the stator and the ends of the support profile 6 'fill. The ge shown return body 43 consist of a soft magnetic return rail 14 and coil cores 3 ', ie are equal to the coils and their wiring constructed to the stator modules 40, 41, whereby more different lengths can be realized. Such a construction achieves a constant supporting action achieved over the entire travel path of the door leaf 5 by the row of magnets 1 and the (assembled and unsplit) coil cores 3 ¹ and return flow rails 14, which relieves the roller arrangements 7 8 of the rollers. FIG. 22 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

In contrast to the second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention shown in FIG. 19, the two stator modules 40, 41 which are assembled in the middle in the support profile 6 'are not directly connected but are joined together via an intermediate piece 44. In this way, the stator modules can be configured identically at both ends.

Figure 23 is a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the invention.

In contrast to the second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention shown in FIG. 19, here the two stator modules 40, 41, which are assembled in the middle in the support profile 6 ', are located at the respective outer ends, i. Where they are not plugged together, provided at the positions of the outer three coil cores with consisting of three individual sensors position sensors 16, 17. These position sensors 16, 17 may be provided instead of or in addition to the respective outer three individual coils 2 '(not shown here).

FIG. 24 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. Here, phase lines 37 are designed as lines running through the stator module according to the invention, ie one end is provided at one end of the stator module and the other end at the other end of the stator module. Connections of the phase lines 37 of the here three-phase drive system, ie the three single-phase lines in this case, are formed at both ends of the stator module. In each case, three individual coils are connected to form a delta connection, wherein in each case a connection to one of the three individual phase lines follows at the connection points between two of the three coils. A number of n such individual coil groups connected to a delta connection are connected in parallel to the phase wiring 37.

FIG. 25 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. In contrast to the electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to the third alternative of the invention shown in FIG. 24, three individual coils are connected in each case to form a star connection, wherein in each case one of the three coils is connected to one of the star points Connection to one of the three Einzelphasenleitun¬ gene takes place. Here, too, a number of n such individual coil groups connected to a delta connection are connected in parallel to the phase wiring 37.

FIG. 26 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. In addition to the electrical connection shown in FIG. 25 of a stator module of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. Here are the n star points connected to a neutral conductor 45, which forms a fourth line of the phase wiring 37. 005/010853

- 62 -

FIG. 27 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. In contrast to the electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 26, the three ends of the individual coils connected to the neutral conductor 45 are not directly connected via a star point connected to the neutral conductor 45, which results in a particularly simple wiring.

FIG. 28 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, wherein in relation to the electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative shown in FIG The invention only an assignment of the individual phase lines to the coils and a spatial position of the neutral point conductor 45 are ge otherwise selected. In particular, here the Stempunkt conductor 45 is not spatially separated, but spatially adjacent next to the single-phase conductors of the phase wiring 37 executed.

FIG. 29 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. In contrast to the electrical connection shown in FIG. 28 of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, the star point conductor is not designed as a part of the phase wiring 37, but the return rail 14 assumes this function, wherein a contact via the coil cores 3 'takes place, with to which the ends of the individual coils connected to the star point conductor are electrically connected.

FIG. 30 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a seventh preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

In contrast to the electrical connection shown in FIG. 24 of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, in each case four individual coils are interconnected to form a ring circuit, wherein in each case at the connection points between two of the four coils a connection to one of four single-phase lines takes place. Here, too, a number of n such individual coil groups connected to a ring circuit are connected in parallel to the phase wiring 37.

FIG. 31 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to an eighth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. Here, only three single-phase lines of a four-phase phase wiring 37 are used to switch a number of n coil groups consisting of two individual coils.

FIG. 32 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a ninth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. Here, only three individual phase lines of a four-phase phase wiring 37 are used in order to switch a number of n coil groups consisting of four individual coils, wherein two individual coils of a coil group are connected in parallel. FIG. 33 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a tenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

In contrast to the electrical connection shown in FIG. 24 of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, in this case the single-phase lines of the phase wiring 37 are designed as ring lines, i. after the connection point with the last coil group between the connections on the stator module 40 and the connection point with the first coil group, and without a second connection aus¬ leads, i. there is a connection of the phase wiring only at one end of the stator module.

FIG. 34 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to an eleventh preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. In contrast to the electrical connection shown in FIG. 33 of a stator module of a sliding door according to a tenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, connections are provided at both ends of the stator module.

FIG. 35 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a twelfth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

In contrast to the electrical connection shown in FIG. 26 of a stator module of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, here the individual phase lines of the phase wiring 37 are likewise designed as ring lines, that is, after the junction with the last coil group, between the terminal on the stator module 40 and the junction with the first coil group, with a second terminal. The star point conductor 45 is not designed here as a loop.

FIG. 36 shows an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. In contrast to the electrical connection shown in FIG. 35 of a stator module of a sliding door according to a twelfth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, here the star point conductor 45 is likewise designed as a loop line and the individual coils of the coil groups are not connected via a neutral point. but directly connected to the neutral conductor 45.

FIG. 37 shows a first variant of an electrical connection of two stator modules connected to one another of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention.

Here, three single-phase lines are provided once through a respective stator module, extending from one end with a connection to the other end with a further connection. These three individual phase lines of the two stator modules are connected to one another. In each case three parallel single-phase lines are connected to the three single-phase lines, which do not form a loop with the respective corresponding single-phase line to which the respective n coil groups according to the fourth preferred embodiment shown in FIG Invention are connected. FIG. 38 shows a second variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, in which two stator modules constructed identically to the stator module shown in FIG. 27 are connected directly to one another.

FIG. 39 shows a third variant of an electrical connection of two stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, in which two of the stator modules shown in FIG. 36 are connected directly to one another, wherein in addition in each case there is no return line of the star-point conductor.

FIG. 40 shows a first variant of an electrical connection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention shown in FIG. 36, in which case additionally the return lines are led out via connections and connected to each other are.

FIG. 41 shows a second variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention, in which case the return lines are led out via connections and connected to each other, but within a stator module No connection of the return lines to the Einzel¬ phasenleitungen takes place, so a return or ring line is done only via both together connected phase modules. FIG. 42 shows a cross-sectional view and a horizontal section illustration of coil cores of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. This embodiment corresponds in principle to the sliding door shown in FIG. 17 according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. Here, the coil cores 3 'cylindrical aus¬ designed.

FIG. 43 shows a cross-sectional view and a horizontal section illustration of coil cores of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. This embodiment also corresponds in principle to the sliding door shown in FIG. 17 according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative of the invention. Here, the coil cores 3 'are configured with a shape elongated transversely to the direction of movement, whereby the portion of the winding wire which contributes to the advancement of the magnet row 1 is particularly large and therefore in comparison with the cylindrical configuration of the coil cores with the same feed properties flatter design can be achieved.

Bezugszeicheniiste

1, 1e, 1f magnet series

1a-d magnet

2 support element

2 ¹ coil

2a, 2b, 2d mounting rail

3 guide element

3 'spool core

4 carrying carriages

5 door leaves

6 housing

6 'support profile

7, 7a-c coil

7 'roller arrangement, left arrangement

8 roller arrangement, right arrangement

9 bottom of the supporting profile

10 side area of the supporting profile

11 recesses in the side areas of the supporting profile

12, 12a-c spool core

12 'side portion of the support carriage

13 bottom of the support carriage

14 return flow rail

15 treads

15a running layer

15b damping layer

16 way transducer of a first stator module

17 Displacement sensor of a second stator module

18 'circuit arrangement

18a, 18b Polschuhleiste 19 pole shoes

19 'panel

21 sheet metal holder

22 contacting and fixing pins 23 flux guides

23 'floor area

24 outside

25 distance

37 Phase wiring of a first stator module 38 Phase wiring of a second stator module

39 Measuring sensor wiring of a first stator module

40 first stator module

41 second stator module

42 Overhangs of the supporting profile 43 Rückschiusskörper

44 intermediate piece

45 neutral conductor

Rs = raster kuc _k e = length of a gap

RM = magnetic grid

L = length of a magnet _Ma gnet n number of stator modules

Claims

claims

1. Sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf (5), with a linear drive unit comprising at least one row of soft or hard magnetic elements (1, 1e, 1f) and at least one of a plurality of individual coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) be¬ standing modular coil arrangement which, with appropriate control of the individual coils, an interaction with the at least one series of soft or hard magnetic elements (1, 1e, 1f) causes the feed forces.

2. Sliding door according to claim 1, characterized in that each coil arrangement comprises at least one coil module having a number of at least two, preferably equal to a number of electrical phases used for driving or a

Multiples thereof, single coils (7) includes.

3. Sliding door according to claim 2, characterized in that each coil arrangement comprises a plurality of coil modules, which are arranged at a constant distance from one another in the drive direction.

4. Sliding door according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a coil module has an integrated contact (22), the individual coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) of the coil module in a fastening movement of the coil module automatically with control lines An¬ control unit connects.

5. Sliding door according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a coil module an integrated fastener (22), which allows a clamping or latching connection of the Spulenmo¬ dules.

6. Sliding door according to claim 4 and 5, characterized in that the integrated contact and the fastening element as a

Component (22) are formed.

7. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that a coil module by a cutting or cutting process or by breaking a predetermined

Cutting point is cut to length from a multi-coil modules coil module assembly.

8. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual coils (7, 7a-c) of the at least one

Coil arrangement are made with the baked enamel process.

9. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that the individual coils (7, 7a-c) of the at least one coil arrangement are each wound directly onto a spool core (12).

10. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that the individual coils (7, 7a-c) of the at least one coil assembly each by means of resistance spot welding, Nie¬ th, or caulking attached to a profile (21) or in a groove of a Rod profiles are inserted.

11. Sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf, with a linear drive unit having at least one In the drive direction arranged row of soft or hartmagneti¬'s elements (1) and at least one of a plurality of arranged in a row and an axis (18) having individual coils (7a, 7b, 7c) existing coil assembly (7), which at speaking activation of the individual coils (7a, 7b, 7c) causes a interaction with the at least one series of soft or hart¬ magnetic elements (1), the feed forces causes, wherein the individual coils (7a, 7b, 7c) by annular or lateral pole pieces (19) are separated from each other, which lead from the individual coils (7a, 7b, 7c) respectively generated electromagnetic fields to the arranged in a row soft or hard magnetic elements (1).

12. Sliding door according to claim 11, characterized in that the pole shoes (19) additionally serve for fastening a respective coil unit.

13. Sliding door according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized by on to the arranged in a row soft or hard magnetic elements (1) facing surfaces (24) of the individual coils

(7a, 7b, 7c) attached and this magnifying flux conducting pieces (23).

14. Sliding door according to claim 13, characterized in that the flux guide pieces (23) beveled, rounded, bent or provided with a Fa¬ se.

15. Sliding door according to one of claims 11 or 12 and one of claims An¬ claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the pole pieces (19) and / or flux guides (23) are made of stamped sheets.

16. Sliding door according to claim 15, characterized in that the pole shoes (19) and the flux conducting pieces (23) are made in one piece.

17. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims, gekennzeich¬ net by a permanently excited magnetic support means, the at least the magnetic series (1, 1e, 1f), at least one in anzieh¬ the force effect with at least one of the at least one first Mag¬ netreihe standing soft- or hard-magnetic support element (2a, 2b, 2d) and a guide element (3) which ensures a certain gap-shaped distance between the at least one first row of magnets (1, 1e, 1f) and the support element (2a, 2b, 2d), wherein the at least one magnet row (1) can be formed from the at least one row of hard magnetic elements (1) arranged in the drive direction.

18. Sliding door according to claim 17, characterized in that the support element (2a, 2b) is formed by the interrupted at certain intervals chene series of soft magnetic elements.

19. Sliding door according to claim 17, characterized in that the support element (2) has two mounting rails (2a, 2b), one of which is arranged at a certain distance from a first side of one of the at least one magnet row (1, 1e) and the other with the same specific distance to a second side of the magnet row (1) opposite the first side of the magnet row or a further magnet row (1f) of the at least one magnetic row.

20. Sliding door according to claim 17, characterized in that the support element (2) has a U-shaped support rail (2d) with a Boden¬ area (23 ¹ ) and two side areas, wherein the Bodenbe¬ rich connects the two side areas and at least one The row of magnets of the at least one row of magnets (1, 1e) is at least partially guided within the U-shaped mounting rail such that at least parts of an inner surface of the one side area are arranged at the predetermined distance to a first side of the magnet row and at least Parts of an inner surface of the other side region with the same or another specific gap-shaped distance to one of the first side of the magnet row opposite the second side of the magnet row (1) or a wei¬ teren magnet row (1f) of at least one row of magnets are angeord¬ net.

21. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the at least one row of magnets (1, 1e, 1f) transversely to

Carrying direction and magnetized to the drive direction.

22. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the at least one magnetic row (1, 1e, 1f) consists of individual permanent magnets (1a, 1 b, 1c, 1d).

23. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a magnetization of the at least one Magnetrei¬ hehe (1, 1e, 1f) in a longitudinal direction of the at least one magnetic row (1, 1e, 1f) in certain Intervals the sign changes.

24. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the support element (2a, 2b, 2d) are stationary and at least one magnet row (1, 1e, 1f) are arranged to be movable.

25. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 24, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the supporting element (2a, 2b, 2d) is soft magnetic.

26. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that the guide element (3) rollers, Wälz- and / or

Includes sliding body.

27. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 25, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a grid of the individual coils (7 \ 7a, 7b, 7c) len lenanordnung different from the determined distances of the changing polarization of the at least one magnetic row (1 1e, 1f) and / or is different from one of the at least one series of soft or hard magnetic elements (1) interrupted at specific intervals.

28. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 27, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the coil arrangement (7) stationary and the at least one interrupted at certain intervals row of soft or hard magnetic elements are arranged to be movable.

29. Sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf (5), with a drive line arranged in the Mag¬ netreihe (1) whose magnetization in its longitudinal direction at certain intervals the sign changes, and one with the magnetic series (1) connected Carrying carriage (4), which is movable on an a support profile (6 ') is suspended and on which the door leaf (5) can be fastened be¬, and with a on the support profile (6') fixed stator having at least one stator module (40, 41), one of a plurality of Single coils (2 ') or a drive winding and coil cores (3 ¹ ) existing coil arrangement which causes a entspre¬ chender control of the individual coils (2') an interaction with the magnetic series (1), which causes feed forces, a coil or winding wiring (37 , 38) and terminal contacts, and which is mounted as a mechanical unit in the support profile (6 ').

30. Sliding door according to claim 29, characterized in that a stator module further comprises at least one magnetic Rückschlussschie¬ ne (14).

31. Sliding door according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the stator is composed of a plurality of stator modules (40, 41).

32. Sliding door according to claim 31, characterized in that the individual stator modules (40, 41) are designed such that an electrical connection of two stator modules (40, 41) by direct mating or by means of an intermediate piece (44), to which two stator modules (40, 41) can be connected is carried out.

33. Sliding door according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the stator modules (40, 41) have a different length aufwei¬ sen and length differences between the stator modules (40, 41) preferably Fi, ₂ n, where n is the number of used Stator module (40, 41) and Fi, _{2 n} = (xi, 2n ⁺ n-1) / n, where xi, 2, ..., _n =

(1, ..., n) and x is a natural number.

34. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 30, characterized in that the at least one stator module (40,

41) is secured by insertion into a groove of the support profile (6 ¹ ) and is secured by a mechanical safeguard against displacement in the groove.

35. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 34, da¬ characterized in that in the support profile (6 ¹ ) not for Statormo¬ dule (40, 41) used for the accommodation of stator modules (40, 41) provided space with at least a magnetic Rück¬ closing body (43) is filled.

36. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 35, da¬ characterized in that the at least one stator module (40, 41) a magnetically sensitive position sensor (16, 17), the vor¬ preferably consists of several magnetically sensitive individual sensors, a with the magnet series (1) as a magnetic scale or with ei¬ nem magnetic scale working distance measuring system has.

37. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 36, character- ized in that the individual coils (2 ¹ ) of the coil arrangement of a stator module (40, 41) to a through the Statormo¬ module (40, 41) extending phase lines (37, 38) connected ring circuit or star connection are connected. 38. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 37, da¬ characterized in that the individual coils (2 ¹ ) of the Spulenanord¬ voltage of a stator module (40, 41), the gate module to one of the (40, 41) extending phase lines (37,

38) are connected, electrically interconnected in series or in parallel.

39. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 38, da¬ characterized in that by the stator module (40, 41) verlau¬ fende phase lines (37, 38) are each made of at least two parallel interconnected conductors.

40. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 39, da¬ characterized in that the coil cores (3 ¹ ) consist of a weich¬ magnetic material and are preferably made of laminated.

41. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 40, da¬ characterized in that the coil cores (3 ¹ ) are cylindrical or have an elongated shape which extends transversely to the direction of movement (x) of the support carriage (4).

42. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 41, da¬ characterized in that the coil or winding wiring (37, 38) in the transverse direction (y) is adjacent to the coil assembly.

43. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 42, da¬ characterized in that a plurality of individual coils (2 ') of the Spulen¬ arrangement are made of an uninterrupted wire.

44. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 43, da¬ characterized in that the individual coils (2 ¹ ) of the Spulenanord¬ voltage without fixed bobbin baked or glued to solid coils.

45. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 44, da¬ characterized in that between the individual coils (2 ') and the coil cores (3 ¹ ) of the coil arrangement an electrical insulation layer is provided.

46. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 45, da¬ characterized in that one end of each individual coil (2 ') with the coil of this coil (3 ⁽ ) (3 ⁽ ) is contacted and the coil cores (3') together with a magnetic reflux - Rail (14) form a conductor of the coil wiring (37, 38).

47. Sliding door according to one of the preceding Claims 29 to 46, characterized by a roller arrangement (7 \ 8) connected to the magnet row (1), which fulfills a supporting function with respect to the door leaf (5) and has a specific gap-shaped spacing (A) between the magnet array (1) and the coil cores (3 ¹ ) guaranteed.

48. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 47, da¬ characterized in that the magnet row (1) parallel to the supporting direction (z) and transverse to the drive direction (x) is magnetized.

49. Sliding door according to one of claims 17 to 48, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the at least one row of magnets (1, 1e, 1f) from ei¬ nem or more high-performance magnets, preferably rare- high-performance earth magnet, more preferably of the NeFeB or S1TI ₂ C0 type.

50. Sliding door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ge indicates that the sliding door is designed as a curved sliding door or Hori- zontal sliding wall.