EP1805387B1 - Sliding door having a linear motor drive - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a sliding door with a linear motor drive, in particular a sliding door with a combined magnetic support and drive system with a permanently excited magnetic support means and a linear drive unit with at least one row of magnets, in particular for an automatic door. Furthermore, the invention relates to a sliding door with a magnetic drive system with a linear motor stator, wherein the magnetic drive system comprises a linear drive unit with at least one row of magnets. The term magnet series also includes elongated individual magnets. The magnet series can be arranged stationary or mobile. The magnetic drive system is preferably designed as a magnetic support and drive system.

From the DE 40 16 948 A1 a sliding door guide is known in the cooperating magnets under normal load effect a non-contact floating guide held in a sliding guide door or the like, wherein in addition to the stationary magnet arranged the sliding guide a stator of a linear motor is arranged, the rotor is arranged on the sliding door. The selected V-shaped arrangement of the permanent magnets of the disclosed permanently excited magnetic support means no laterally stable guideway can be realized, which is why a relatively complicated arrangement and design of the stator and rotor is required. This arrangement increases the cost of such a sliding door guide enormously.

From the WO 00/50719 A1 a combined storage and drive system for an automatically operated door is known in which a permanently energized magnetic support system is symmetrical and has stationary and movable magnet rows, each arranged in a plane, wherein the support system is in a labile equilibrium and at the support system has symmetrically arranged lateral guide elements, which can be stored in a roll shape. Due to the thus achieved laterally stable track results in a simple design and arrangement of the stator and rotor housed in a common housing linear motor, namely the ability to arbitrarily arrange stator and rotor of the linear motor with respect to the support system and with respect to the shape of stand and runners not to be limited by the support system.

What these two storage systems have in common is that they work according to the principle of the repulsive force effect, which principle of action enables a stable state of suspension without expensive electrical control. The disadvantage of this, however, is that both at least one stationary and at least one portable magnetic series must be present, ie over the entire path of the sliding guide or the bearing of the automatically operated door and on the movable along this guide support carriage for the door magnets must be arranged , whereby such a system, which is characterized by the absence of mechanical friction to carry the door by extreme smoothness and noiseless operation and is almost wear and maintenance-free, is very expensive to manufacture. This aspect is further enhanced by the complex assembly.

From the DE 196 18 518 C1 Further, an electromagnetic drive system for magnetic levitation and support systems is known in which a stable levitation and support state is achieved by a suitable arrangement of permanent magnet and ferromagnetic material. For this purpose, the permanent magnet puts the ferromagnetic material in the state of a magnetic partial saturation. Electromagnets are arranged so that the permanent magnets are moved solely by a change in the saturation in the support rail, and the coil cores are included in the permanent magnetic partial saturation, which leads to the floating and wearing state.

Next shows the WO 94/13055 a stand drive for a linear electric drive and a door provided with such a stand, which is suspended by means of magnets in the lintel of a frame. For this purpose, a plurality of magnets or magnet groups are arranged on the door panel whose magnetic field strength is so great that an attraction force is achieved to a guide plate, which is arranged on the underside of the lintel, wherein the attraction is sufficient to lift the weight of the door panel.

The two systems described in these documents have in common that they are also very expensive to install and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the two systems described in these publications share the fact that caking of the magnets on the ferromagnetic material is prevented by means of rollers, ie an air gap between the magnets and the ferromagnetic material is adjusted by means of rollers. These roles must accommodate large forces in the selected arrangements, since the magnetic field strength can not be chosen so that only the respective magnetically suspended door is held, but due to safety regulations a specific additional load capacity must be present so that the door does not fall off unintentionally. Consequently, the roles must be interpreted in a similar way as in purely roller-mounted sliding doors, which results in a mechanical friction for adjusting the air gap is present. This eliminates the extreme ease and noiseless operation of working on the repulsive force principle storage and leads to wear and maintenance. In addition, the magnetic attraction must be precisely adjusted to the particular load to be carried during manufacture, making these systems unsuitable for practical use or too expensive.
Further, although these publications lead to the use of a coupled with a magnetic support means or integrated linear drive, the design of such a linear drive is not described. The WO 2004/053265 shows a linear drive for a sliding door according to the preamble of claim 1. It is therefore an object of the invention, a sliding door with a preferably magnetic drive system or a combined magnetic support and drive system with a permanently energized magnetic support means and a linear drive unit with at least one Magnet series to develop so that the advantages mentioned above remain low production costs.
This object is achieved with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

A first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, with a magnetic drive system with a linear drive unit for at least one door having at least one series of soft or hard magnetic elements and at least one consisting of several individual coils modular coil arrangement, which with appropriate control of the individual coils Interaction with the at least one series of soft or hard magnetic elements causes the feed forces, has the advantage over the prior art, the advantage of the modular structure of the coil assembly, ie over the prior art simplified assembly and preferably also a simplified production. Such a modular construction is easily adaptable to different requirements imposed on the magnetic drive system, e.g. B. to different door leaf widths and travel lengths of the door by simply more or less modules are used for the construction. Such modules are usually constructed in such a way and according to the invention that such a juxtaposition, ie an addition or removal of a module, can be carried out easily. The coil module has an integrated contact, which automatically connects the individual coils of the coil module with a mounting of the coil module with control lines of a drive unit. By this configuration, in turn, a simple assembly is possible because when mounting a coil module, z. B. by clicking, automatically an electrical connection of the individual coils of the coil module is carried out with a drive unit for these individual coils. It is therefore no complicated individual wiring of the individual coils necessary, and also planning such a wiring is eliminated.
According to the first alternative of the invention, each coil assembly comprises at least one coil module having a number of at least two, preferably equal to a number of used for driving electrical phases or an integer multiple thereof, comprises individual coils. By such a subdivision of the coil assembly in coil modules with a number of individual coils, which is determined by the number of electrical phases used to drive the coil assembly, a particularly simple extension of an existing system and also a structure of a new system is possible because Simply coil modules can be strung up to a desired length in a row.
Furthermore, the coil arrangement according to the invention preferably comprises a plurality of coil modules, which are arranged at a constant distance from one another in the drive direction. The coil modules according to the invention can be arranged directly next to one another, ie abutting one another, or with a certain distance from each other. In this way, by using the coil modules also an embodiment of a magnetic drive system is possible in which the route is only partially equipped when the coil assemblies according to the invention are fixedly arranged along the route or in which the moving along the route unit does not have their along the route extending entire extent is equipped with coils when the coil assembly according to the invention is provided in a mobile location.

A coil module according to the first alternative of the invention has an integrated fastening element, which preferably allows a clamping or latching connection of the coil module. In particular in connection with the above-described integrated contacting, a simple "clicking in" of a coil module according to the invention is possible in order to construct a magnetic drive system according to the invention.

The above-described integrated contacting and the fastening element described above are formed according to the first alternative of the invention as a component, for. B. as Kontaktierungs- and fixing pins that protrude from the coil module according to the invention and are used in the receptacles provided and anchored there, at the same time a contact takes place. Such anchoring can of course also be done by means of screwing or other fastening options in addition to a clamping or locking connection.
A coil module according to the first alternative of the invention is preferably cut to length by a cutting or cutting process or by break at a predetermined separation point of a coil module assembly comprising a plurality of coil modules. As a result, coil module assemblies of constant length or as endless goods, for. B. are made on rolls by streamlined manufacturing processes in always the same way, which are easily removed in the installation or extension of a magnetic drive system according to the invention in required length or as to be joined individual elements of the coil module assembly.
The individual coils of the at least one coil arrangement according to the first alternative of the invention are preferably produced by the baked-enamel method. In this case, a winding body must be used manually, so that the process can be automated particularly well.
The individual coils of the at least one coil arrangement according to the first alternative of the invention are preferably each wound directly onto a coil core. In particular, in combination of this winding mechanism With the baked enamel process also allows a caking of the wire with the spool, so that a manual joining of these two parts is eliminated and a substantially noiseless operation of the drive system is possible.

According to the first alternative of the invention, the individual coils of the at least one coil arrangement are preferably fastened to a profile by means of resistance spot welding, riveting or caulking or inserted into a groove of a bar profile.

A second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention with a magnetic drive system for at least one door, with a linear drive unit, the at least one arranged in the drive direction series of soft or hard magnetic elements and at least one of a plurality of arranged in a row and having an axis individual coils existing coil assembly has, with appropriate control of the individual coils, an interaction with the at least one series of soft or hard magnetic elements causes the feed forces, in comparison to the prior art also - as the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention - in particular the advantage of easier mounting on in that the single-coil coil assembly has only one axis, d. H. In particular, the respective alignment of all individual coils is simplified, since only their common axis must be aligned.

In the case of the magnetic drive system used according to the second alternative of the invention, the individual coils are preferably separated from one another by annular or lateral pole shoes which guide electromagnetic fields generated by the individual coils to the soft or hard magnetic elements arranged in a row. By means of such annular or lateral pole pieces, a better magnetic field closure is achieved, since the magnetic fields generated by the individual coils pass through a part of the common axis and the pole shoes separating the individual coils extend to the soft or hard magnetic elements arranged in a row in order to produce feed forces there.

According to the second alternative of the invention, the pole shoes are preferably additionally used to attach a respective coil unit. As a result, the assembly of the magnetic drive system according to the invention is particularly simplified because the pole pieces can be easily configured so that the coil assembly is automatically aligned by each of these during attachment.

The magnetic drive system used according to the second alternative according to the invention preferably has to on those arranged in a series of soft or hard magnetic elements facing surfaces of the individual coils and this magnifying flux guide on. As a result, the overlapping areas of the soft or hard magnetic elements and the individual coils are increased, whereby the magnetic fields generated by the individual coils can be better directed and directed.

Preferably, these flux guides are bevelled, rounded, bent or chamfered to provide a better directivity and a reduction in the detent force.

According to the second alternative of the invention, the pole shoes and / or the flux guide pieces are preferably made of stamped sheets and further preferably designed in one piece.

The drive system according to the invention of the first and second alternative is preferably combined with a magnetic support system with a permanently excited magnetic support device which comprises at least one magnet array alternately magnetized in the drive direction at certain intervals, at least one magnetically soft magnetic force with at least one of the at least one magnet row. or hard magnetic support member and a guide member which ensures a certain gap-shaped distance between the at least one magnet row and the support member. This combination has the advantage over the described prior art that the support element does not necessarily have to be hard-magnetic due to the utilized attractive force effect. Further, since a guide member is provided which ensures a distance between the at least one magnetic row and the support member, despite utilizing an unstable state of equilibrium, no electrical or electronic control device needs to be provided. Further, by using the at least one row of magnets both for carrying and for propulsion, the manufacturing costs are reduced and the required space is reduced.

In this combined magnetic support and drive system used according to the invention, the support element or parts thereof can be formed by the broken at certain intervals series of soft magnetic elements. As a result, an integration of the magnetic support system with the magnetic drive system according to the invention takes place, whereby a reduction of the required installation space takes place.

In the combined magnetic support and drive system of the first and second alternative of the invention, the support member preferably includes at least one support rail disposed at a first predetermined distance from a side of one of the at least one magnet row, the coil assembly at a second predetermined distance is arranged to one of the first side of the magnetic series opposite second side of the magnet array. Such a separate assignment of the two main functions "generate feed" and "magnetically store" by the opposing pole faces of the magnets of the magnet series effected despite an integration of these functions in a magnetic series a substantial separation of functions, which allows an optimization of the system parameters of these main functions. Furthermore, a compensation of transverse forces can take place in that the carrier profiles and / or coil cores or pole shoes of the individual coils of the coil arrangement or the air gaps are designed so that the resulting magnetic transverse forces acting on the magnets of the magnet series are as small as possible or cancel each other out. Due to the arrangement of the drive coil of the coil assembly on one side of the at least one permanent magnet array and the preferably soft magnetic support member on the other side of the at least one permanent magnet series, the support profile can continue the tasks of magnetic closure of the coil magnetic fields and the generation of bearing forces, the weight the load, z. B. a door, partially or completely record, take over. In a partial recording of the weight of the load by the support member, the residual load z. B. are carried by the coil cores or pole pieces of the individual coils of the coil assembly of the linear drive unit or by a further magnetic mechanical support device.

For this purpose, the support member may also preferably have two support rails, one of which is arranged at a certain distance to a first side of at least one row of magnets and the other with the same specific distance to one of the first side of the magnetic series opposite second side of the magnetic row or a another magnet array of at least one row of magnets is arranged.

Alternatively, the support element for this purpose preferably have a U-shaped mounting rail with a bottom portion and two side regions, wherein the bottom region connects the two side regions and at least one row of magnetic at least one magnet row is at least partially guided within the U-shaped mounting rail that at least parts of a Inner surface of the one side region are arranged at the predetermined distance to a first side of the magnet array and at least parts of an inner surface of the other side region with the same or a different particular gap-shaped distance to one of the first side of the magnetic series opposite second side of the magnetic series or another magnetic series at least one row of magnets are arranged.

The above embodiments are to be understood such that the support rails may be formed separately or as Polschuhleisten the linear drive unit, ie as soft magnetic elements, which are designed independently of the linear drive unit or as an integral part thereof. Of course, a combination is possible in which the coil modules according to the invention z. B. are arranged between two rows of magnets, which are arranged on the side facing away from the coil modules sides of these two rows of magnets in turn support rails or side portions of a U-shaped support rail.

In the inventive combined magnetic support and drive system of the first and second alternative of the invention, preferably the at least one row of magnets is magnetized transversely to the support direction and to the drive direction, in which an element carried by the support means, e.g. B. a sliding door element, can be moved. In this preferred arrangement of the magnetization of the at least one row of magnets transversely to the supporting direction results in a particularly simple structural design of the guide element, since this can be planned and executed in this case, regardless of a force that must be generated by the support means to the supported element to keep in a limbo. Furthermore, a simple design of the linear drive unit is possible since it can also be planned and executed independently of the force to be generated by the support device.

In the first and second alternative according to the invention, the at least one row of magnets preferably consists of individual permanent magnets, as can be saved by the juxtaposition of individual smaller magnets in the procurement of materials and thus in the manufacturing process of the support device costs. Further, due to this configuration, lighter tolerances can be balanced and magnetic properties can be better utilized. Instead of a series of magnets and a single magnet can be used, whereby the relatively difficult mounting of the plurality of individual magnets is eliminated.

According to the first and second alternatives of the invention, preferably, the magnetization of the at least one magnet row in a longitudinal direction of the at least one magnet row in a longitudinal direction of the at least one first magnet row alternates at certain intervals Sign. This feature, which can be realized particularly easily with a magnet series consisting of individual permanent magnets, effects a better magnetic effect since, together with the support device, a magnetic field closure of the individual magnetization regions, ie between the individual permanent magnets, is produced. Further, the at least one magnetic row can be easily used in this way as a series of hard magnetic elements with which the individual coils cause an interaction that causes feed forces, ie the at least one row of magnets can integrate the inventive magnetic drive system with the magnetic support means. It is further achieved by this feature that the guide element ensuring the gap-like spacing does not have to absorb any large forces even with tolerances of the double-acting support element, since the forces acting in the direction of magnetization between the at least one magnet row and the support element at best cancel out. This effect is more strongly supported with an increasing number of alternating polarizations, since both tolerances in the field strengths of individual polarization regions are better compensated for, and such a superimposition of the forces respectively generated by the individual polarization regions results in the creation of a field which corresponds to the structure of FIG Counteracts transverse forces. At least three successive polarization areas should be provided so that a possible in only two polarization areas of the magnetic series possible canting of the magnetic series does not occur, which can already generate large lateral forces.

Preferably, the distance between the magnet array and the support element is kept as small as possible.

According to the first and second alternative of the invention, the at least one support element used in the magnetic support device used according to the invention are preferably stationary and the at least one row of magnets are arranged to be movable in position, d. H. in the case of a sliding door this is suspended from the at least one row of magnets, whereas the at least one support element forms a guide for the door element or the door elements of a multi-leaf sliding door. Of course, the design of the at least one support element is also movable and the stationary at least one row of magnets, as well as a combination of these two variants possible. Of course, the coil arrangement of the linear drive unit is always arranged fixed or movable together with the support element of the support device. This results in a small path of movement, as is normally the case of driving door leaves, no excessive increased costs, but the rotor and thus the total movable element of the drive system according to the invention or combined magnetic support and drive system can be designed passive.

The at least one support element is preferably soft magnetic according to the first and second alternative of the invention, whereby particularly low costs are achieved with respect to this element.

The guide element according to the first and second alternative of the invention preferably comprises rollers, rolling and / or sliding body.

In the drive system according to the invention or the combined magnetic support and drive system of the first and second alternatives, a grid of the individual coils of the coil arrangement is preferably different from the determined distances of the alternating polarization of the at least one magnet row. This will be a particularly simple Starting the inventive combined magnetic support and drive system from standstill and the possibility of a particularly uniform movement allows.

A third alternative of a sliding door not according to the invention comprises a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf, with a magnet row arranged in the drive direction, the magnetization of which changes sign in its longitudinal direction at certain distances, and a support slide connected to the magnet row, which is suspended movably on a support profile and to which the door leaf can be fastened, and having a stator attached to the support profile, which has at least one stator module which has a coil arrangement comprising a plurality of individual coils or a drive winding and coil cores, which interacts with the magnet row when the individual coils are actuated accordingly, causes the feed forces, has a coil or winding wiring and terminal contacts, and which is mounted as a mechanical unit in the support profile.

This structure of the linear motor with a linear motor stator, which consists of at least one stator module, which mechanically forms a unit, also has the advantage of the first and second alternative sliding door according to the invention over the prior art that the at least one stator module prefabricated and as a whole can be mounted in a drive carrier profile, whereby low installation costs can be achieved. Furthermore, a stator constructed in this way can be used for different long linear motor sliding door drives. The design of a stator module with a plurality of drive coils or a drive winding, a coil or winding wiring and connection contacts further easy contacting of the internally fully wired stator module is possible.

Thus, the stator module mechanically and electrically forms a unit that can be easily mounted and allows a cost-effective construction of the sliding door, wherein a plurality of stator modules can be strung together to form a stator.
This results from the fact that the same stator modules can be manufactured in a significantly larger number significantly cheaper than individually adapted to the respective drive width stator modules, the storage of stator modules is simplified, the production of the stator modules as preprocessing regardless of the production of the remaining linear motor sliding door drive and possibly in another place with z. B. lower production costs can take place and the quality of the stator module can be monitored independently of the rest of the linear motor sliding door drive. Since the rotor equipped with permanent magnets is further designed in an extended design, the linear motor according to the invention also works with a relatively short stator z. B. shorter than the length of the rotor well together, ie even with not consisting of several stator modules stators remain the above advantages, since the stator modules can be used in different widths sliding doors, as by the use of a stator or stator modules, the significantly shorter is, as the drive length, can be used for different drive lengths of the same stator.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, a stator module further preferably has at least one magnetic return path rail. At this magnetic return rail, all individual coils and coil cores can be fixed, whereby the mechanical unit of the stator module is given by the magnetic return rail. In this way, the necessary functionality of the mechanical unit advantageously coupled with the magnetic field for the propulsion enhancing properties of the magnetic return rail. The individual stator modules are designed so that an electrical connection of two stator modules by direct mating or by means of an intermediate piece to which two stator modules can be connected takes place. Of course, the electrical connection can alternatively also be done by a soldering or screwing, but probably there is an increased installation effort. The contacting of the stator modules is preferably as simple as possible to reduce the assembly costs. In a simple mating of the stator modules they are connected in series, ie continuous phase lines are formed, whereby the individual coils of the coil arrangements of the stator modules are connected in parallel. With such a mounting eliminates the separate contacting of the stator modules. On the other hand, with appropriate automation of the manufacturing process, an automatic soldering or welding of the electrical lines of the stator modules may be useful, since this method causes a higher failure safety and lower parts costs than a plug connection.

Alternatively or additionally, in the third non-inventive alternative of the sliding door, the stator is preferably composed of a plurality of stator modules. In this way, in the case of sliding door drives which have the multiple length of the stator module, a plurality of stator modules can be assembled in "series connection" to increase the thrust and power. Also, a "parallel connection" of several stator modules is possible to increase the thrust and power of the linear motor. With this configuration, with correspondingly short linear motor stator modules, z. As with a stator <600 mm, all lengths of sliding door drives are realized with a single type of linear motor stator modules.

Alternatively or additionally, in a third alternative of the sliding door in this embodiment, the stator modules have a different length. Length differences between the stator modules are preferably F _{1,2 ..., n} , where n is the number of stator modules used and F _{1,2 ..., n} = (x _{1,2, ..., n} + n-1 ) / n, with x _{1,2 ..., n} = (1, ..., n) and x is a natural number.

• n = Anzahl der unterschiedlichen Längen von Statormodulen,
• x_1,2,...n = (1, ... n), mit x ist eine natürliche Zahl,
• günstiger Faktor F der Längenverhältnisse der Statormodule bei n unterschiedlichen Statormodullängen: F_1,2,...n = (x_{1,2, ...n}+n-1)/n,

ergibt sich bei Verwendung von n unterschiedlich langen Statoren die feinste konstante Abstufung bei Einsatz von möglichst wenig Statormodulen pro Stator.This preferably use of different long linear motor stator modules can be obtained without reducing the smallest length of a stator module a much finer gradation of the achievable by assembling the stator modules stator lengths.
With the following definitions:

• n = number of different lengths of stator modules,
• x _{1,2, ... n} = (1, ... n), where x is a natural number,
• favorable factor F of the length ratios of the stator modules with n different stator module lengths: F _{1,2, ... n} = (x _{1,2, ... n} + n-1) / n,

results when using n different length stators the finest constant gradation with the use of as few stator modules per stator.

Example 1:

Number of different lengths of stator modules n = 2;
From this follows F _1,2 = 2/2; 3/2, ie F ₁ = 2/2 = 1 and F ₂ = 3/2 = 1.5.

For a length of the shortest stator module = 600 mm follows: stator module 1 = 600 mm, stator module 2 = 900 mm. So it is possible a gradation of 300 mm possible.

Example 2:

Number of different lengths of stator modules n = 3;
From this follows F _1,2,3 = 3/3, 4/3, 5/3, ie F ₁ = 3/3 = 1, F ₂ = 4/3 and F ₃ = 5/3.
For a length of the shortest stator module = 600 mm follows: stator module 1 = 600 mm, stator module 2 = 800 mm, stator module 3 = 1000 mm. So it is possible a gradation of 200 mm.

In the third alternative, the sliding door is also alternatively or additionally preferably attached to at least one stator module by insertion into a groove of the support profile and secured by a mechanical safeguard against displacement in the groove.
Here is the mechanical fuse z. As a pin, a screw, a plastic deformation of the carrier profile in the region of the groove or parts of the stator, or a gluing, soldering or welding the linear motor module. Since a stable, complex shaped support profile, which integrates a large number of support and fastening functions, particularly simple and inexpensive extruded profile, preferably made of aluminum, and grooves can be incorporated without cost-causing overhead in such a profile, this is preferred embodiment with inserted into a profile groove of the support profile stator modules particularly simple, flexible and inexpensive. Furthermore, the attachment in a groove at any point along the profile is possible and independent of the length of the stator module.

The at least one stator module in the third alternative may alternatively be replaced by another mechanical connection, for. B. by screwing, riveting, pinning, stapling, gluing, soldering or welding to be fixed to the fixed support profile. That is, in addition to the particularly favorable attachment through a slot guide between stator module (s) and support profile, all other joining methods are possible with which a sufficient strength can be realized. When guiding the stator modules in a groove, other joining methods can additionally be used in order to remedy the disadvantage of the guide clearance in a slot guide and a possible clatter associated therewith.

In the third alternative, the sliding door is alternatively or additionally preferably in the support profile not used for stator modules provided for receiving stator modules space filled with at least one magnetic yoke body.
In addition to the amplification of the magnetic drive fields of the coils, the return bodies of the stator modules can also fulfill an additional supporting function in cooperation with the permanent magnets of the rotor. In order for this support function to be maintained uniformly over the entire travel length, the stator in this preferred embodiment is extended by corresponding yoke bodies when using a stator which is shorter than the travel length plus the rotor length. Furthermore, in this preferred embodiment, an extension of the return body also prevents large cogging forces arising during the retraction of the permanent magnets from the region of the return bodies of the stator. The extra effort by the extension of the return body of the stator is estimated to be low, since the return body can be made with a simple manufacturing process of a low-cost soft magnetic material. Since the return body extension contains no electrical components or elements, it can be cut or shortened to almost any length. Another possibility is to use return body modules of constant length and to fill in the remaining space. These elements can be significantly shorter than the stator modules, since the return body modules do not have to be electrically contacted and therefore the use of a larger number of such elements during assembly is portable.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, the at least one stator module further alternatively or additionally preferably has a magnetically sensitive position sensor, which preferably consists of a plurality of magnetically sensitive individual sensors, a position measuring system operating with the magnet series as a magnetic scale or with a separate magnetic scale. In this preferred embodiment, for the commutation and regulation of the linear motor sliding door drive preferably (in a path-dependent control) used at least two distance sensor mounted displacement sensor units are already integrated in the stator modules, whereby a separate handling is eliminated.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, alternatively or additionally, preferably the individual coils of the coil arrangement of a stator module are connected to a ring circuit or star circuit connected to phase lines extending through the stator module. This preferred embodiment enables a particularly simple electrical connection of a plurality of stator modules to a stator, since the necessary electrical connections, ie the phase lines, are present in principle at both ends of a stator module. The individual coils are then connected within a stator module with the guided at both ends of the phase lines.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, as an alternative or in addition, preferably the individual coils of the coil arrangement of a stator module, which are connected to one of the phase lines extending through the stator module, are electrically connected in series or in parallel. By these preferred circuit alternatives results in each case a single-fault security for a certain type of error. In a parallel connection, the fault of a line break at individual coils, which may occur in a bad contact, hedged, whereas in a series circuit shorts of individual coils, as they are likely to occur when they burn through, are irrelevant.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, alternatively or additionally, preferably phase lines extending through the stator module are each made of at least two conductors connected in parallel. This embodiment allows a single-fault safety, which is particularly necessary for escape route applications by the phase lines are designed as a ring lines, which is still applied to all parts of the conductor potential at an interruption at one point of the ring.

In the third alternative of the sliding door continue to alternatively or additionally preferably the coil cores from a soft magnetic material. Further preferably, the coil cores are made of laminated. A selected to the also possible massive design of the coil cores lathed execution of the coil cores usually provides advantages in terms of eddy current losses. In contrast, there is the possible additional effort, which can be regarded as low to non-existent in a design as a stamped part.

In the third alternative of the sliding door are also alternatively or additionally preferably the coil cores cylindrical or they have an elongated shape which extends transversely to the direction of movement of the support carriage. In particular, in the latter preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the sliding door, grooves between the soft magnetic cores, so that a very low height of the linear motor stator according to the invention of less than 12 mm can be realized. Since only the transverse to the direction of travel portion of the winding wire of the stator makes a contribution to the feed, elongated coils whose longitudinal axis is transverse to the direction of travel, so a winding in which this proportion is as large as possible, particularly effective. Since the non-effective wire parts continue to cause ohmic losses, an efficient angle reduces not only the required copper volume and associated costs and space and the power losses and thus increases the efficiency of the linear motor of this preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the third alternative of the sliding door is further alternatively or additionally preferably the coil or winding wiring in the transverse direction adjacent to the coil assembly. These Arrangement allows a simple and space-saving design.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, as an alternative or in addition, preferably a plurality of individual coils of the coil arrangement are manufactured from a continuous wire. This arrangement avoids or reduces contacts of the individual coils, thereby avoiding or reducing interruptions in the wiring occurring during operation of the sliding door and caused by poor contacts.

In the third alternative, the sliding door are also alternatively or additionally preferably the individual coils of the coil assembly without fixed bobbin baked or glued to solid coils. For this purpose, the wire of the coil is preferably baked enamel wire. By this configuration, the coils of baked or glued wire can be plugged onto the coil cores. There, the coils can be fixed by snapping, gluing, caking, potting or by means of sheet metal tabs. Alternatively, the wire of the coils of the at least one linear motor stator module can be firmly wound on the coil cores, so that coil and core form a solid unit.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, as an alternative or in addition, an electrical insulation layer is preferably provided between the individual coils and the coil cores of the coil arrangement. This electrical insulation layer may consist of paint, foil, hose or a solid plastic body, for example.

In the third alternative of the sliding door, alternatively, or additionally, one end of each individual coil is preferably contacted with the coil core associated with this single coil, and the coil cores, together with a magnetic return bus, form a conductor of the coil wiring. In this embodiment, the cores with the return bar preferably form the neutral conductor of coils connected in a star shape.

• größere Lebensdauer der Rollen,
• Reduzierung der Rollengröße und damit eine Bauraumreduktion bezüglich der Rollenlagerung,
• eine Reduzierung der Rollengeräusche,
• Reduzierung des Rollwiderstandes bzw. der Rollreibung.

The third alternative of the sliding door preferably further comprises, for each door leaf, a roller arrangement connected to the magnet row, which fulfills a supporting function with respect to the door leaf and ensures a certain gap-like distance between the magnet row and the coil cores.
By such a design of the magnetic drive system as a magnetic support and drive system, in which the required load capacity is partially absorbed by the magnetic support and drive system and partially by the roller assembly, the advantage over the prior art that the roller assembly neither the has to carry the entire load of the door leaf, nor must take a required due to safety regulations high load capacity in purely by means of magnets suspended door leaves. As a result, the following advantages are achieved compared to a pure roller bearing or a magnetic suspension supported by rollers:

• longer life of the rollers,
• Reduction of the roll size and thus a reduction in space with respect to the roller bearing,
• a reduction of roll noise,
• Reduction of rolling resistance or rolling friction.

Next arise in this embodiment, the third alternative of the sliding door over a with a purely magnetic support and guide system the advantages that the load-bearing capacity stiffness in the design of the system need not be taken into account when accelerating and decelerating no roll movements of the carried load, eg , B. the door, arise, and that different deflections at different door weights do not necessarily have to be considered or compensated. Further, the thus configured magnetic support and drive system can be manufactured for at least one door leaf without disregarding the actual later use without differences in series, d. H. without an adjustment required during production to the weight to be carried later.

For these reasons, a very good smoothness and noiseless operation is given in such operating according to the attractive force principle, although due to the used roller assembly, which ensures the particular gap-like distance between the magnet array and the coil assembly, despite utilizing an unstable state of equilibrium no electrical or electronic Control device needs to be provided. A gap-like distance in the sense of this invention is a distance between two parallel or slightly inclined surfaces. Here, in particular, between a pole face of one of the (at least one) magnet row and one of these face of the coil cores of the coil arrangement arranged opposite to it, essentially parallel thereto.

In the third alternative of the carrying device, the magnet row is preferably magnetized parallel to the carrying direction and transversely to the drive direction.

According to the invention, the at least one magnetic row preferably consists of one or more high-performance magnets, preferably rare-earth high-performance magnets, more preferably neodymium-iron-boron (NeFeB) or samarium-cobalt (Sm ₂ Co) or plastic-bonded magnet materials. By using such high-performance magnets can be generated because of the higher remanence induction significantly higher power densities than with ferrite magnets. Consequently, the magnet system can be constructed geometrically small and thus save space for a given load capacity with high-performance magnets. The higher material costs of the high-performance magnets compared to ferrite magnets are at least compensated by the comparatively small magnet volume.
The drive system according to the invention or combined support and drive system is used to drive at least one door leaf of a sliding door, which is preferably designed as a curved sliding door or horizontal sliding wall. In addition to this insert, it can also be used to drive gate leaves or in feed devices, handling devices or transport systems.

The auxiliary drive can be provided for one door leaf or for several, including all, door leaves of a multi-leaf sliding door.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.

Figur 1:

einen Querschnitt einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der in der ersten und zweiten Alternative erfindungsgemäß verwendeten magnetischen Trageinrichtung in verschiedenen Belastungszuständen,

Figur 2:

die Tragkraftkennlinie der magnetischen Trageinrichtung nach der in Figur 1 gezeigten ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform,

Figur 3:

den Querkraftverlauf der magnetischen Trageinrichtung nach der in Figur 1 gezeigten ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform,

Figur 4:

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Draufsicht der magnetischen Trageinrichtung nach der in Figur 1 gezeigten ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform,

Figur 5:

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Spulenmodules der ersten und zweiten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür in einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit drei quer zur Fahrtrichtung ausgerichteten Spulen und U-förmiger Blechhalterung sowie drei Kontaktierungs- und Befestigungsstiften ohne und mit U-förmigem Tragschienenelement,

Figur 6:

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Draufsicht der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems der ersten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür,

Figur 7:

eine elektrische Verschaltung der Spulen der Linear-Antriebseinheit des in Figur 6 gezeigten Antriebssystems,

Figur 8:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer ersten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 7 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems der ersten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür,

Figur 9:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer zweiten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 7 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems,

Figur 10:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer dritten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 7 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems,

Figur 11:

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Spulenmodules der ersten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür in einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform bzw. eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teiles einer erfindungsgemäßen Spulenanordnung der zweiten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür, mit drei in Fahrtrichtung ausgerichteten Spulen, die auf einen gemeinsamen Kern gewickelt sind, wobei der Kern und die gezeigten quadratischen Polschuhe ein kompaktes Drehteil sein können,

Figur 12:

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Draufsicht der zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Antriebssystems der ersten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür bzw. eine Schnittdarstellung einer Draufsicht einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten magnetischen Trag- und Antriebssystems der zweiten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür mit einer elektrischen Verschaltung der Spulen der Linear-Antriebseinheit,

Figur 13:

in Reihe angeordnete Spulen mit fluchtenden Achsen, denen einseitig Magnete gegenüber stehen, oder an deren beiden Seiten Flussleitstücke angeordnet sind, nach der zweiten Alternative der erfindungsgemäßen Schiebetür,

Figur 14:

eine Längsschnittdarstellung eines in der dritten nicht erfindungsgemäßen Alternative der Schiebetür prinzipiell verwendeten kombinierten Trag- und Antriebssystems,

Figur 15:

eine elektrische Verschaltung der Spulen der Linear-Antriebseinheit des in Figur 14 gezeigten kombinierten Trag- und Antriebssystems,

Figur 16:

eine Querschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer ersten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 17:

eine Querschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 18:

eine Längsschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 19:

eine Längsschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 20:

eine Längsschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer dritten bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 21:

eine Längsschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer vierten bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 22:

eine Längsschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer fünften bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 23:

eine Längsschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer sechsten bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 24:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer ersten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 25:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 26:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer dritten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 27:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer vierten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 28:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer fünften bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 29:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer sechsten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 30:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer siebten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 31:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer achten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 32:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer neunten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 33:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer zehnten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 34:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer elften bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 35:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer zwölften bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 36:

eine elektrische Verschaltung eines Statormodules einer Schiebetür nach einer dreizehnten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 37:

eine erste Variante einer elektrischen Verschaltung von zwei miteinander verbundenen Statormodulen einer Schiebetür nach der vierten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 38:

eine zweite Variante einer elektrischen Verschaltung von zwei miteinander verbundenen Statormodulen einer Schiebetür nach der vierten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 39:

eine dritte Variante einer elektrischen Verschaltung von zwei miteinander verbundenen Statormodulen einer Schiebetür nach der vierten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 40:

eine erste Variante einer elektrischen Verschaltung von zwei miteinander verbundenen Statormodulen einer Schiebetür nach der dreizehnten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 41:

eine zweite Variante einer elektrischen Verschaltung von zwei miteinander verbundenen Statormodulen einer Schiebetür nach der dreizehnten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative,

Figur 42:

eine Querschnittdarstellung und eine Horizontalschnittdarstellung von Spulenkernen einer Schiebetür nach einer ersten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative, und

Figur 43:

eine Querschnittdarstellung und eine Horizontalschnittdarstellung von Spulenkernen einer Schiebetür nach einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung nach der dritten Alternative.

Showing:

FIG. 1:

a cross-section of a first preferred embodiment of the invention used in the first and second alternative magnetic support device in different load conditions,

FIG. 2:

the load capacity curve of the magnetic support device according to the in FIG. 1 shown first preferred embodiment,

FIG. 3:

the transverse force curve of the magnetic support device according to the in FIG. 1 shown first preferred embodiment,

FIG. 4:

a sectional view of a top view of the magnetic support device according to the in FIG. 1 shown first preferred embodiment,

FIG. 5:

a perspective view of a coil module according to the invention the first and second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a first preferred embodiment with three aligned transversely to the direction coils and U-shaped sheet metal holder and three Kontaktierungs- and fixing pins without and with U-shaped mounting rail element,

FIG. 6:

a sectional view of a plan view of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention,

FIG. 7:

an electrical interconnection of the coils of the linear drive unit of in FIG. 6 shown drive system,

FIG. 8:

a diagram for explaining a first possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 7 shown interconnected coils of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention,

FIG. 9:

a diagram for explaining a second possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 7 shown interconnected coils of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention,

FIG. 10:

a diagram for explaining a third possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 7 shown interconnected coils of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system according to the invention,

FIG. 11:

a perspective view of a coil module according to the invention the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a second preferred embodiment and a perspective view of a part of a coil arrangement according to the invention the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, with three aligned in the direction of travel coils on a common core are wound, wherein the core and the shown square pole pieces can be a compact rotary part,

FIG. 12:

a sectional view of a plan view of the second preferred embodiment of the combined drive system of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention or a sectional view of a plan view of a first preferred embodiment of the inventive combined magnetic support and drive system of the second alternative sliding door according to the invention with an electrical interconnection of the coils of the linear driving unit,

FIG. 13:

arranged in series coils with aligned axes, which are on one side facing magnets, or on both sides of which flux guides are arranged, according to the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention,

FIG. 14:

3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a combined support and drive system used in principle in the third non-inventive alternative of the sliding door,

FIG. 15:

an electrical interconnection of the coils of the linear drive unit of in FIG. 14 shown combined support and drive system,

FIG. 16:

a cross-sectional view of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 17:

a cross-sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 18:

a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 19:

a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative,

FIG. 20:

a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 21:

a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative,

FIG. 22:

a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 23:

a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 24:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 25:

an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 26:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 27:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 28:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 29:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 30:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a seventh preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 31:

an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to an eighth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 32:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a ninth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 33:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a tenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 34:

an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to an eleventh preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 35:

an electrical connection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a twelfth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 36:

an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

Figure 37:

a first variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

Figure 38:

a second variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 39:

a third variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 40:

a first variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative,

FIG. 41:

A second variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the thirteenth preferred embodiment of the third alternative,

Figure 42:

a cross-sectional view and a horizontal sectional view of coil cores of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment according to the third alternative, and

FIG. 43:

a cross-sectional view and a horizontal sectional view of coil cores of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

The FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first preferred embodiment of the invention used in the magnetic support means of the first and second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in cross section. For illustration, a coordinate system is shown, in which an x-direction represents a direction of travel of a door leaf 5 suspended from the carrying device according to the invention. The direction of the forces acting on the magnetic support transverse forces is the y-direction and the conditional by the weight of the suspended door leaf 5 vertical downward magnetic deflection is located in the z-direction.

A fixed to a support carriage 4 series of magnets 1 is positively guided by a provided on the support carriage 4 mechanical guide element 3, which cooperates with a housing 6 of the support centered in the horizontal direction between soft magnetic support rails 2a, 2b, which form the support member 2, while in the vertical direction and in the direction of travel (x) of the door leaf 5 is freely displaceable. As a result of the symmetry thus forced, the transverse forces acting on the magnet in the y-direction largely cancel each other out. In the vertical direction (z-direction) take the magnets only in the load-free state, ie without attached to the support carriage 4 load, as in the FIG. 1a shown a symmetrical position.

When loading the magnets with a weight F _g , z. B. by the attached to the support carriage 4 door 5, these are in the vertical direction from the in FIG. 1a shown symmetrical position over a in FIG. 1b shown intermediate state in an in Figure 1c shown equilibrium position moves by the weight to be supported F _g and a magnetic restoring force between the magnets of the magnetic series 1 and the support rails 2a, 2b of the support member 2, hereinafter also as load capacity F (z), is determined. The cause of this restoring force are the magnetic attraction forces acting between the magnets of the magnetic series 1 and the support rails 2a, 2b, wherein only the part of the magnets which emerges downwardly between the support rails 2a, 2b contributes to this magnetic load capacity. As this part increases with increasing vertical deflection, the magnetic load increases in magnitude continuously with the deflection.

FIG. 2 shows the dependence between the vertical deflection of the magnetic series 1 and the magnetic load capacity in a characteristic, ie the load capacity curve of the support device according to the in FIG. 1 shown embodiment. On the abscissa is the vertical deflection z down, z. In mm, and on the ordinate the corresponding generated magnetic load F (z), e.g. In Newton. The course of the load capacity curve is characterized by an upper and a lower break-off point, which are each achieved when the magnets between the support rails upwards and downwards completely emerge, as is the case in the down in Figure 1e is shown. If this critical deflection is exceeded due to the force, then the restoring forces are weakened by the increasing distance to the mounting rails 2a, 2b, whereby a stable equilibrium state between the load capacity F (z) and the weight force F _g caused by the load can not be achieved in these areas ,

In practice, such a tearing off of the load capacity F (z) by the weight force F _{g of} the door leaf mass can be reliably prevented by a mechanical limitation of the possible deflection of the magnetic row 1, as exemplified in Figure 1d is shown. Here, the housing 6 accommodating the mounting rails 2a, 2b and providing a horizontal guide for the guide element 3 simultaneously comprises two each at its own arranged lower ends projections 6a, 6b, which are a mechanical limitation of the possible deflection of the support carriage 4 and thus of this rigidly fixed thereto magnet series 1 in the z-direction.

Between the upper break-off point and the lower break-off point, the load-bearing characteristic curve is almost linear, with a positive deflection of the magnetic row 1, ie a downward deflection, which takes place through the door leaf 5 fastened to the support slide 4, from the origin of the coordinate system between vertical deflection z Magnetic series 1 and magnetic load F (z) are traversed to the lower breakpoint on the load capacity curve operating points with negative slope, in which a respective stable position of the magnetic series 1 between the support rails 2a, 2b, due to the force acting on the magnetic series 1 weight F _g and the same amount, acting in the opposite direction magnetic load F (z) can adjust.

With strict symmetry of the described magnetic support means about the vertical central axis (z-axis), which depends on both the arrangement of the support means and the mechanical guide element 3, the horizontal magnetic force components in the transverse direction, i. H. in the y direction, fully open. If the magnetic series 1 leaves this exact middle position due to tolerances, then a transverse force F (y) acting on the magnetic row 1 arises due to different degrees of attraction to the two mounting rails 2a, 2b.

The FIG. 3 shows for a gap width of z. B. -1 mm to +1 mm, a transverse force profile F (y) in response to a lateral displacement y of the magnets, which has a positive slope over the entire course. This means that in the zero point of the coordinate system, which corresponds to the central position of the magnetic row 1 between the support rails 2a, 2b, a unstable equilibrium of forces exists. In all other points of the coordinate system there is a resulting transverse force F (y).

Since there is only an unstable equilibrium of forces in the middle position, the guide element 3 must provide a precise mechanical support, which the magnetic row 1 during the travel movement of the magnetic row 1 in the direction of movement, d. H. in the x-direction, exactly centered between the support rails 2a, 2b leads. The more precisely this centering can be realized, the lower the resulting transverse force F (y) and associated friction forces of the mechanical bearing.

To optimize the wearing properties, the magnet width, i. H. the dimensions of the magnetic row 1 or of their individual magnets in the y-direction, be as large as possible, because a large magnet width causes a large field strength, which leads to large load capacities. The height of the magnet, that is to say the dimensions of the magnet row or of its individual magnet in the z direction, should be as small as possible, because small magnet heights increase the rigidity of the load field by bundling the field.

The height of the mounting rails 2a, 2b should be as small as possible, a mounting rail height is less 1/2 the magnetic height, because the field lines of the permanent magnets are bundled and thereby increases the rigidity of the magnetic support system.

The arrangement should be chosen so that the soft magnetic support rails 2a, 2b in the state of equilibrium, in which the magnetic load F (z) is equal to the amount caused by loading the magnetic row 1 with the door leaf 5 weight force F _g , vertically asymmetrical about the row of magnets 1 lie and the magnetic series 1 should be as possible be continuous to avoid cogging forces in the direction of movement, ie in the x direction.
In FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a supervision of in FIG. 1a shown according to a section line A - A according to the first preferred embodiment of the first and second alternative of the invention. It can be seen that the magnet array 1 consists of individual magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, which are arranged with alternating magnetization direction between the two laterally arranged mounting rails 2a, 2b, which consist of a soft magnetic material. In this embodiment, in which the support rails 2a, 2b form the fixed part of the support device according to the invention, the individual magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are attached to the movable support carriage 4 to form the magnet array 1 and can be placed between the rails 2a, 2b in x - and z-direction to be moved. In a vertical displacement, ie, a displacement in the z direction to a small path, about 3-5 mm, from the zero position, ie the geometric symmetry position, resulting, due to the use of extremely strong permanent magnets, z. B. from Nd-Fe-B, a considerable restoring force, which is suitable for carrying a sliding door leaf 5 with a weight of about 80 kg / m. In the in FIG. 4 shown arrangement in which the permanent magnets 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are arranged with alternating direction of magnetization between the two support rails 2a, 2b, the field closure by the support rails 2a, 2b in positive magnetization of the side by side magnets positively reinforcing affects.
The FIG. 5 shows a drive segment of a first preferred embodiment of the drive segment in a perspective view. Here there is a coil module to be used as a stator module or rotor module of three transversely to the direction of travel aligned coils 7 with coil cores 12, which are arranged in a U-shaped sheet metal holder 21, protrude electrically isolated from the three contacting and fixing pins 22. About this Kontaktierungs- and fixing pins 22, the coil module can be both fixed, as well as controlled by energization of the individual coils. As a common mass z. B. serve the U-shaped plate holder, in which the coils 7 z. B. by resistance spot welding, riveting or caulking are attached. This in FIG. 5a shown coil module according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5b shown in a generally U-shaped mounting rail 2 d, wherein the Kontaktierungs- and mounting pins 22 project through the bottom portion and between the coil cores 12 holding side walls of the U-shaped sheet metal bracket 21 and the side walls of the U-shaped mounting rail 2 d each have an air gap in each of which a series of magnets can be guided, which interacts with the support rail 2d and the coils 7 of the coil assembly to be held in the air gap and moved in the direction of travel.
The FIG. 6 shows two drive segments of the first preferred embodiment of the drive system, here as a combined magnetic support and drive system, in a sectional plan view in which the magnetic linear drive used in the invention acts on the rows of magnets 1e, 1f, which are fixed to a supporting carriage 4, not shown. The two rows of magnets 1e, 1f each have alternately polarized individual magnets, wherein the polarities of the individual magnets of the two rows of magnets 1e, 1f offset in the transverse direction are rectified. Between the rows of magnets 1e, 1f, the coils 7 are arranged such that the respective coil core 12 extends in the transverse direction, ie y-direction. On the coils 7 with coil cores 12 facing away from the magnet array 1e, 1f is in each case a side region of the support rail 2d.

In order to ensure a continuous feed of the magnetic series 1e, 1f, the stator coils 7 are arranged with their respective coil cores 12 in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, since each relative position is attributable to an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive, as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Due to the available three-phase three-phase network is a three-phase system, as exemplified in FIG. 6 shown is very inexpensive to build.

In this case, there is a respective drive segment and thus a coil module of the linear drive unit of three coils 7, which have an extension of three units of length in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie between the centers of adjacent coil cores 12 is a grid R _S = 1 unit length , The length of a magnet of the magnet series 1e, 1f in the drive direction and the length of the gap lying between the individual magnets of the magnet series 1e, 1f is here selected such that the length of a magnet L _magnet + length of a gap L _gap = magnetic grid R _M = 3/4 Length unit (= 3/4 R _S ).

FIG. 7 shows the interconnection of the coils of FIG. 6 shown two drive segments of the linear drive unit used in the invention. Here, a first coil 7a is connected to a first coil core 12a between a first phase and a second phase of a three-phase three-phase system, the three Phases are evenly distributed, that is, the second phase at 120 ° and a third phase at 240 °, when the first phase is at 0 °. The in the positive drive direction, ie + x-direction, next to the first coil 7a with the coil core 12a lying second coil 7b with coil core 12b of a drive segment of the linear drive unit is connected between the second phase and the third phase and in the positive drive direction, ie + x-direction next to the second coil 7b with the coil core 12b lying third coil 7c with coil core 12c is connected between the third phase and the first phase.

If one assigns the angle formed by the permanent magnets Polraster, analogous to the arrangement in a two-pole DC motor, phase angle, so the linear coil arrangements can be mapped in a circular phase diagram. Since this can be interpreted both magnetically as a driving effect on the permanent magnets and electrically as a control of the coils, the relationship between switching states and driving effect can be described uniformly by this diagram.

Such a circular phase diagram with drawn coils is shown in FIG FIG. 8 shown. Here, on the ordinate, the electric potential is given in V and on the abscissa the magnetic potential. A circle around the origin of this coordinate system, representing a zero potential for both the electric potential and the magnetic potential, represents the phase angles of the voltage applied to the respective coils, giving a 0 ° phase position at the intersection of the circle with the positive ordinate and the phase is clockwise to a 90 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the south pole, a 180 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative Ordinate representing the minimum voltage potential, a 270 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the positive abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the north pole, to a 360 ° phase position which is equal to the 0 ° phase position, in the Intersection of the circle with the positive ordinate, which represents the maximum voltage potential changes.

As in FIG. 7 is shown, a relationship is given, in which the first coil 7a with a coil core 12a between a 0 ° phase position and a 120 ° -phase layer, the second coil 7b with a bobbin 12b between a 120 ° -phase position and a 240 ° -phase position and the third coil 7c lie with spool core 12c between a 240 ° -phase position and a 360 ° -phase position. In three-phase operation, now the hands of these coils rotate counterclockwise according to the alternating frequency of the three-phase current, wherein in each case one of the electrical potential difference between the projected at the ordinate start and end points of the pointer corresponding voltage is applied to the coil.

In the magnetic interpretation of the phase diagram, a phase pass of 180 ° corresponds to a displacement of the rotor by the distance between the centers of two adjacent magnets, ie the magnetic grid R _M. Due to the alternating polarization of the magnets in the rotor, a pole change is carried out when shifting around the magnetic grid R _M. After a 360 ° phase pass, the rotor displacement is two R _M. Here, the magnets are relative to the grid R _{S of} the stator coils back to starting position, comparable to a 360 ° rotation of the rotor of a two-pole DC motor.

For the electrical interpretation of the phase diagram, the ordinate is considered, on which the applied electrical voltage potential is shown. At 0 ° the maximum potential, at 180 ° the minimum potential and at 90 ° or 270 ° an average voltage potential. As mentioned above, the coils are represented in the diagram by arrows whose start and end points represent the contacts. The respectively applied coil voltage can be read off by projection of start and end point of the arrows on the potential axis. By the direction of the arrow, the current direction and thereby the magnetization direction of the coil is set.

Instead of a continuous sinusoidal voltage source, the phase diagram according to FIG. 8 For reasons of cost, a controller with a rectangular characteristic can also be used. In a corresponding phase diagram, the in FIG. 9 is shown, the rectangular characteristic is represented by switching thresholds. In this case, the phase connections can each assume the three states plus potential, minus potential and potential-free. The plus potential z. B. in a range between 300 ° and 60 ° and the negative potential in a range of 120 ° to 240 ° and the ranges between 60 ° and 120 ° and 240 ° and 300 ° represent the potential-free state in which the coils are not are connected. In rectangular voltage control, the more uneven thrust compared to sinusoidal control is disadvantageous.

Of course, it is still possible to build a large number of other coil configurations and potential distributions, for. B. the in FIG. 10 shown potential distribution, in which a minimum potential of 0 V in a range between 105 ° and 255 °, a maximum potential of 24 V in a range from 285 ° to 75 ° and potential-free ranges of 75 ° to 105 ° and from 255 ° to 285 °.

The FIG. 11 shows a second preferred embodiment of a coil module of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, in which three aligned in the direction of travel coils 7a, 7b, 7c are wound on a common coil core 12. The spool core 12 and arranged between the coils 7a, 7b, 7c square pole pieces 19 are a compact rotary member. For contacting and fixing 7 two Kontaktierungs- and mounting pins 22 are provided for each coil, which protrude isolated from the pole pieces 19.
Next shows FIG. 12 two drive segments of the second preferred embodiment of the drive system of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention, which are formed here by two coil modules with 6 coils, here as a combined magnetic support and drive system in a sectional plan view, wherein the magnetic linear drive used in the invention, a three-phase coil assembly wherein a row of magnets 1 is located between two pole piece strips 18a, 18b, which in each case connect all the pole pieces 19, lying on one side of the row of magnets 1, of coils of the linear drive unit. The pole pieces 19 are each formed here with the respective coil core 12 of the coils 7a extending in the drive direction, ie the x direction, as a rotary part and extend to the respective pole block strip 18a, 18b in order to ensure a better magnetic field connection. The arranged on the pole sides of the individual magnets of the magnetic series 1 coils of the two coil modules shown are connected symmetrically in the same manner as in the embodiment described above. In this embodiment, the magnetron R _M = 3/2 of the coil grid R _{S is} selected. These features are the Characteristic features that each coil bridges a phase angle of 120 ° and that after 360 ° (one revolution = 2 R _M ) all three coils of a drive segment of the linear drive unit are traversed, wherein - as in the above embodiment - a drive segment of one of electrical phases corresponding number of jointly driven coils or coil pairs.

The phase diagram of this arrangement corresponds to that of the arrangement described above, in which the coils represented by arrows in the phase diagram form a triangle, the corners of this triangle representing respectively the phases of the drive. Here, the corners of the triangle pass through 360 ° in a 360 ° rotation, which translates into a three-coil translation movement of the rotor, three voltage potentials: plus, minus, and floating when the in FIG. 9 shown rectangular drive is selected. Since each coil bridges a phase angle of 120 °, the potential of one phase is changed by a rotation of 60 ° and one of the three phases is always potential-free. If the phase potential is entered into a table as a function of the number of 60 ° rotation steps, the following phase control diagram results: 0 ° 60 ° 120 ° 180 ° 240 ° 300 ° Phase 1 + 0 - - 0 + Phase 2 0 + + 0 - - Phase 3 - - 0 + + 0

By shifting the switching threshold to a negative potential between 105 ° and 255 °, a plus potential between 285 ° and 75 ° and potential-free states between 75 ° and 105 ° and 255 ° and 285 °, similar to the FIG. 10 shown state, can be a control with realize a step size of 30 °. In this case, two phases can have the same potential, so that there is no voltage difference at the associated coil and no current flows. In each second 30 ° step, one phase is potential-free. The corresponding 30 ° phase control diagram with 12 control steps results as follows: 0 ° 30 ° 60 ° 90 ° 120 ° 150 ° 180 ° 210 ° 240 ° 270 ° 300 ° 330 ° Phase 1 + + 0 - - - - - 0 + + + Phase 2 0 + + + + + 0 - - - - - Phase 3 - - - - 0 + + + + + 0 -

In order to optimize the feed properties, the magnet width, ie the dimensions of the magnet row 1 or of its individual magnet in the y direction, should be as small as possible, because the permanent magnets have a damping effect on the magnetic circuit of the coils. The height of the magnet, that is to say the dimensions of the magnet row (s) 1, 1e, 1f or of their individual magnets in the z direction, should be as large as possible, because a large magnet height leads to a large air gap surface, which helps reduce the magnetic resistance of the coil circle. At the same time, a large amount of magnetic material is introduced into the magnetic coil circuit without generating too large field strengths that saturate the magnetic circuit. The height of the pole pieces 19 and / or coil cores 12 should be as large as possible so that the pole pieces 19 or coil cores 12 reach as large a coverage as possible with the magnets, resulting in a large air gap area with high effective force and small magnetic resistance. The arrangement of these soft magnetic components should achieve the largest possible vertical overlap between coil cores 12 and pole shoes 19.

The FIG. 11 also shows a part of a coil arrangement of the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a perspective view, namely consisting of three individual coils drive segment of a first preferred embodiment of the second alternative of the magnetic drive system or combined magnetic support and drive system, in which the individual coils 7a, 7b, 7c are wound on a common core 12, which is formed together with square pole pieces 19 as a compact rotary member. Insulated arranged Kontaktierungs- and mounting pins 22 are provided on the pole pieces 19, wherein each coil 7a, 7b, 7c has two such pins 22 which are arranged so that they both for fixing the coil assembly as well as for the electrical connection of the individual coils 7a, 7b , 7c serve with control lines of a control unit.

The FIG. 13a ) shows two drive segments, ie six individual coils 7, which are arranged in series and the axes 18 are aligned, between the individual coils 7 pole pieces 19 are arranged, whose one outer side 24 pole faces of a magnetic row 1 with a certain gap-shaped distance 25 are opposite.
The FIG. 13b ) shows one to the FIG. 13a ) corresponding view, in which the magnetic row 1 is not shown, but the flux guides 23, which are arranged on at least one outer side 24 of the pole pieces 19, which faces the magnetic row 1 with the specific gap-shaped distance, the flux guides 23, the coils 7 at this Side almost obscure, ie the surface of the pole pieces 19, which is opposite to the magnetic series 1, increases.

The FIG. 12 also shows two drive segments of a first preferred embodiment of the combined magnetic support and drive system of the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a sectional plan view, in which two of the coil arrangements shown in Figure 13b) are respectively arranged on one side of the magnetic row 1, ie six individual coils 7a, 7b, 7c are located on each side of the magnetic row 1, wherein between the individual coils 7a, 7b, 7c pole pieces 19 are arranged, which meet here due to the combination with a magnetic support system each on a soft magnetic support rail 2a, 2b and by the concerns so act that the flux guides 23 are replaced and also (not shown) as the flux guides 23 may be slotted, ie may consist of individual elements, the support rails 2a, 2b are each spaced a certain distance from the pole faces of the individual magnets of the magnetic series 1 , The magnetic row 1 is attached to a supporting carriage 4, not shown, and has alternately polarized individual magnets. The polar axes of the coil cores 12 are aligned parallel to the magnetic row 1 and the magnetic fields generated by the individual coils 7 are passed through the pole pieces 19 and the soft magnetic support rails 2a, 2b in the air gap to act on the individual magnets of the magnetic series 1 and this in to drive a certain travel direction, ie x-direction.
In order to ensure a continuous feed of the magnetic row 1, the stator coils 7a, 7b, 7c are arranged with their respective coil cores 12 and pole shoes 19 in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, every relative position of an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive assign as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Due to the available three-phase three-phase network, a three-phase system, as shown by way of example in FIG. 12, can be constructed very inexpensively.

In this case, a respective drive segment of the linear drive unit consists of three coils 7 on each side of the magnetic row 1, which have an extension of three units of length in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie between the centers of adjacent coil cores 12, a grid R _S = 1 Length unit is located. The length of a magnet of the magnetic row 1 in the drive direction and the length of the gap lying between the individual magnets of the magnetic _row 1 is chosen here such that the length of a magnet L _magnet + length of a gap L = magnetic grid R _M = 3/2 length unit (= 3 / 2 R _S ).

The interconnection of the coils of the two drive segments of the linear drive unit used in the second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention is similar to the above already with respect to the FIG. 12 described second preferred embodiment of the first alternative of the sliding door according to the invention. Therefore, the above-described phase diagrams and phase-driving diagrams also correspond to the embodiment.

Of course, the coil modules can also be used in systems in which the only preferably magnetically mounted support means is provided separately from the drive system.
The FIG. 14 shows a schematic schematic representation of two drive segments of a preferred in the third alternative used drive system, here as a combined magnetic support and drive system, in a longitudinal section, in which the magnetic linear drive used acts on the magnetic series 1, which is fixed to a support carriage 4, which holds a door leaf 5. The magnet array 1 is attached to a support profile 6 'and has in each case alternately polarized individual magnets. In the supporting direction above the row of magnets 1 coils 2 'are arranged with a certain gap-shaped spacing such that a respective coil core 3' extends in the supporting direction, ie z-direction. The coil cores are in attractive force with the magnetic series 1 and thus bring a portion of a load capacity for the door 5 on.
In order to ensure a continuous feed of the magnetic series 1, the stator coils 2 'are arranged with their respective coil cores 3' in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, since each relative position is attributable to an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive, as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Due to the available three-phase three-phase network is a three-phase system, as exemplified in FIG. 15 shown is very inexpensive to build.
In this case, a respective drive segment and thus a coil module of the linear drive unit consists of three coils which have an extension of three length units in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie between the centers of adjacent coil cores 3 'is a grid R _S = 1 unit length , The length of a magnet of the magnetic series 1 in the drive direction and the length of the magnet between the individual The gap lying in the magnetic row 1 is here selected so that the length of a magnet L _magnet + length of a gap L _gap = magnetic grid R _M = 3/4 length unit (= 3/4 R _S ).
FIG. 15 shows the interconnection of the coils of FIG. 14 shown two drive segments of the preferred linear drive unit in the third alternative. Here, a first coil 2a 'is connected to a first coil core 3a' between a first phase and a second phase of a three-phase three-phase system whose three phases are evenly distributed, that is, the second phase at 120 ° and a third phase at 240 ° lie when the first phase is at 0 °. The in the positive drive direction, ie + x-direction, next to the first coil 2a 'with coil core 3a' lying second coil 2b 'with coil core 3b' of a drive segment of the linear drive unit is connected between the second phase and the third phase and in positive Drive direction, that is, + x direction next to the second coil 2b 'with coil core 3b' lying third coil 2c 'with coil core 3c' is connected between the third phase and the first phase. In addition to such a drive segment of the linear drive unit lying drive segments of the linear drive unit are connected in the same way to the three phases of the three-phase system.
Assigning the phase formed by the permanent magnets Polraster, analogous to the arrangement in a two-pole DC motor, phase angle, so can the linear coil assemblies as shown in the first and second alternative of the sliding door according to the invention in a circular phase diagram. Since the electrical interconnection of the third alternative of the sliding door corresponds to that of the first and second alternative, resulting in the FIGS. 8 to 10 shown and described in relation to these phase diagrams and Phase control diagrams also analog for the third alternative of the sliding door.
The FIG. 16 shows a cross section of a supporting and driving means of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the invention, which also shows a stator module in section.
A basically U-shaped support profile 6 'has a bottom 9 and two perpendicular thereto side portions 10, each having recesses 11 in which on the support carriage 4 mounted arrangements 7', 8 run by individual rollers, which cause a vertical guide. Here, two identical arrangements 7 ', 8 are selected by individual roles, of which a left-hand arrangement 7' lies in the positive transverse direction y to the left of a right-hand arrangement 8. The left-hand arrangement 7 'is fastened to the supporting carriage 4 on the left in the positive transverse direction y and the right-hand arrangement 8 is fastened to the supporting carriage 4 on the right in the positive transverse direction y.
Within the here in principle U-shaped support carriage 4, on whose side regions 12 'the arrangements 7', 8 are fixed by individual rollers, the magnet row 1 is arranged on the bottom 13 of the support carriage 4. Between the side regions 12 'of the support carriage 4, a coil arrangement consisting of coils 2' and coil cores 3 'is arranged at a gap-shaped distance a to the magnet array 1, which are fastened to a soft-magnetic return rail 14, which projects into a groove on the bottom 9 of the support profile 6 'is inserted. The coil arrangement with its wiring 37 and the soft magnetic return rail 14 form a stator module 40, which forms a mechanical unit and inserted into a groove in the bottom 9 of the support section 6 ' is. The coil cores 3 'and the soft magnetic return rail 14 may also be integrally formed.
For stabilization, the in principle upwards, ie in the negative supporting direction, ie the -z-direction, open U-shaped support carriage 4 at the upper edges of its side regions 12 'in the transverse direction, ie positive and negative y-direction, protruding ribs, the are interrupted in the field of individual roles of the arrangements 7 ', 8 of the roller assembly.

In these embodiments, the recesses 11 of the support profile 6 'in the vertical direction next to the coils 2' and coil cores 3 'are arranged, so the support carriage 4 is designed so that not only the magnetic row 1 attached to this is disposed within its side regions 12', but also parts of the supporting profile 6 'fixed coils 2' and coil cores 3 '. This results in a particularly flat design.
Further, the recesses 11 are provided with running surfaces 15, which are designed so that a unrolling of the individual rollers of the arrangements 7 ', 8 of the roller assembly takes place with low noise. The treads 15 may consist of two or more material components, z. B. from a soft damping layer 15b, which is provided on the support section 6 ', and a hard running layer 15a, on which run the individual roles.
On the support carriage 4 is further provided a horizontal guide member (not shown) which holds the support carriage 4 in a stable position in the y-direction.
Between the individual coils 2 'down over this outstanding is the magnetic series 1 opposite a position sensor 16 of a position measuring system mounted, which serves the magnetic series 1 as a measuring scale to determine the position of the running in the support section 6 'support carriage 4. The position sensor 16, which may consist of a plurality of individual sensors, is connected via a wiring with an evaluation.

Next to the support section 6 'a panel 19' is provided, within which also a circuit arrangement 18 'for controlling the linear drive unit, which also includes the evaluation of the displacement encoder, is recorded, which has a control for driving the individual coils 2' and electrically is connected to the position sensor 16 of the path measuring system, to the coils 2 'of the coil assembly, to a power supply (not shown) and to a sensor (not shown) for initiating the opening and closing of the sliding door. Of course, the magnet array 1 may also be attached to the housing 6 and the stator module 40 consisting of coils 2 ', coil cores 3', wiring 37 and soft magnetic return bus 14 may be attached to the support carriage 4, in which case the stator will become the rotor ,
By selecting the controlled individual coils 2 ', the controller can move one or more door leaves 5, ie support carriages 4 each provided with a row of magnets 1.
The FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

Unlike the one in the FIG. 16 Shown here embodiment of the support carriage 4 is not U-shaped, but flat and designed the stator module 40 has no dovetail-shaped guide on the return flow rail 14, which is provided in a corresponding groove in the bottom 9 of the support section 6 ', but the return flow rail 14 is simply designed flat and is inserted in the installed state in a groove extending between the bottom. 9 and two projections 42 results, which are arranged on the side walls 10 of the support profile 6 '.

The left part of the FIG. 17 shows a cross section of the stator module 40, which is designed here without position sensor 16 and its wiring. The from a return rail 14, and this fixed coil cores 3 'and attached to this individual coils 2' with a phase wiring 38 existing mechanical unit of the stator module 40 is inserted as a whole in the support section 6 ', as in the right part of FIG. 17 is shown. As a result, a simple installation is possible and given an additional stiffening of the support profile 6 '.
The FIG. 18 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

In a twice the length of the door leaf having support profile 6 'is provided in the middle of a stator module 40, which corresponds to about 1/5 of the length of the support section 6'. The stator module 40 cooperates with a magnet row 1 fastened to the support slide 4, on which the door leaf 5 is suspended, which has approximately twice the length of the stator module 40. In this way, an overlap of the stator module 40 and the magnetic row 1 is given in each position of serving as a runner carriage 4, but in the extreme positions of the door leaf 5, that is completely open and completely closed, is relatively short, namely only about 1/3 of the existing stator module 40 stator.
The FIG. 19 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

Unlike the one in the FIG. 18 shown first alternative embodiment of the third alternative is here in the support section 6 'in the middle of a two stator modules 40, 41 existing stator arranged. Both stator modules 40, 41 have the same length. This results in the extreme positions of the door leaf 5, an overlap of the stator and the magnet array 1 of about 5/6 the length of a stator module, that is about 5/12 of the length of the entire stator.
The FIG. 20 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

Unlike the one in the FIG. 19 shown second alternative embodiment according to the third alternative is here in the support section 6 'in the middle of a two stator modules 40, 41 existing stator arranged in which both stator modules 40, 41 have a different length. In particular, the left stator module 40 is identical in length and position to that in FIG FIG. 19 shown left stator module 40, and the right stator module 41 has an approximately 1.5 times the length in the FIG. 19 shown right stator module 41. Since both stator modules 40, 41 are joined together approximately in the middle of the carrier profile 6 '(the interface between the two stator modules 40, 41 is slightly offset to the left) to form the stator, resulting in the left extreme positions of the door leaf 5, an overlap of the stator and the magnetic row 1 of about 5/6 of the length of the left stator module 40, that is about 2/5 of the length of the entire stator, and in the extreme right positions of the door leaf 5, an overlap of the stator and the magnetic row 1 of about 4/5 the length of the right stator module 41, that is about 1/2 of the length of the entire stator.
The FIG. 21 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

Here are in terms of in the FIG. 20 shown third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative in addition magnetic return body 43 right and left of the stator formed by the two stator modules 40, 41 which fill the space between the stator and the ends of the support section 6 '. The inference bodies 43 shown consist of a soft-magnetic return busbar 14 and coil cores 3 ', ie, with the exception of the coils and their wiring, they are constructed equal to the stator modules 40, 41, whereby different lengths can be realized more easily. Such a construction achieves a constant supporting action achieved over the entire travel path of the door leaf 5 by the magnet row 1 and the (assembled and unpopulated) coil cores 3 'and return flow rails 14, which relieves the roller arrangements 7', 8 of the rollers. The FIG. 22 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

Unlike the one in the FIG. 19 shown second alternative embodiment according to the third alternative here in the support profile 6 'in the middle mated together stator modules 40, 41 are not directly but together via an intermediate piece 44. In this way, the stator modules can be configured identically at both ends.
The FIG. 23 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Unlike the one in the FIG. 19 shown second alternative embodiment according to the third alternative here in the support profile 6 'in the middle put together two stator modules 40, 41 at the respective outer ends, ie where they are not mated, at the positions of the outer three coil cores with each three individual sensors existing position sensors 16, 17 provided. These position sensors 16, 17 may be provided instead of or in addition to the respective outer three individual coils 2 '(not shown here).
The FIG. 24 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Here, phase lines 37 are designed as lines running through the stator module, ie one end is provided at one end of the stator module and the other end at the other end of the stator module. At both ends of the stator module connections of the phase lines 37 of the three-phase drive system here, ie the here three single-phase lines are formed. There are three individual coils each to a delta connection connected, wherein in each case a connection to one of the three individual phase lines takes place at the connection points between two of the three coils. A number of n such single coil groups connected to a delta connection are connected in parallel to the phase wiring 37.
The FIG. 25 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Unlike the one in the FIG. 24 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment of the third alternative here three individual coils are connected to a star connection, wherein at the not connected to a star point ends of the three coils is in each case a connection to one of the three single-phase lines. Here too, a number of n such individual coil groups connected to a delta connection are connected in parallel to the phase wiring 37.
The FIG. 26 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment of the third alternative. In addition to that in the FIG. 25 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative are still the n star points connected to a neutral conductor 45, which forms a fourth line of the phase wiring 37.
The FIG. 27 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Unlike the one in the FIG. 26 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door According to a third preferred embodiment according to the third alternative, in each case the three ends of the individual coils connected to the star point conductor 45 are not connected via a neutral point but directly to the star point conductor 45, which results in a particularly simple cabling.
The FIG. 28 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the third alternative, with respect to in the FIG. 27 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative only an assignment of the individual phase lines to the coils and a spatial position of the neutral conductor 45 are chosen differently. In particular, here the star point conductor 45 is not spatially separated, but spatially adjacent to the single-phase conductors of the phase wiring 37 executed.
The FIG. 29 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Unlike the one in the FIG. 28 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a fifth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative, the neutral conductor is not designed as a part of the phase wiring 37, but the return rail 14 takes over this function, wherein a contact via the coil cores 3 'takes place, with which the ends of the individual coils connected to the star point conductor are electrically connected.

The FIG. 30 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a seventh preferred embodiment of the third alternative.
Unlike the one in the FIG. 24 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment of the third alternative here four individual coils are interconnected to form a ring circuit, wherein at the connection points between two of the four coils is in each case a connection to one of four single-phase lines. Here, too, a number of n such individual coil groups connected to a ring circuit are connected in parallel to the phase wiring 37. The FIG. 31 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a eighth preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Here, only three single-phase lines of a four-phase phase wiring 37 are used to interconnect a number of n coil groups consisting of two single coils.

The FIG. 32 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a ninth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative. Here, only three single-phase lines of a four-phase phase wiring 37 are used to interconnect a number of n of four-coil coil groups, with two single coils of a coil group connected in parallel.
The FIG. 33 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a tenth preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

Unlike the one in the FIG. 24 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment of the third alternative here the single phase lines of the phase wiring 37 are returned as ring lines, ie after the junction with the last coil group between the connection to the stator module 40 and the junction with the first coil group, and executed without a second connection, that is, there is only one end of the stator module, a connection of the phase wiring.
The FIG. 34 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to an eleventh preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Unlike the one in the FIG. 33 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a tenth preferred embodiment of the third alternative of the invention consist here at both ends of the stator module 40 connections.
The FIG. 35 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a twelfth preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Unlike the one in the FIG. 26 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a third preferred embodiment of the third alternative here are the single phase lines of the phase wiring 37 also as ring lines, ie after the junction with the last coil group between the connection to the stator module 40 and the junction with the returned first coil group, wherein a second connection is made. The star point conductor 45 is not designed here as a loop.
The FIG. 36 shows an electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative. Unlike the one in the FIG. 35 shown electrical interconnection of a stator module of a sliding door according to a twelfth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative, the star point conductor 45 is also designed as a loop and the individual coils of the coil groups are not connected via a star point, but directly to the neutral conductor 45.
The FIG. 37 shows a first variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative.

Here, three single-phase lines are provided once passing through a respective stator module from one end to one terminal to the other end to another terminal. These three single phase lines of the two stator modules are connected together. Three parallel single-phase lines, which do not form a loop with the respective corresponding single-phase line, are connected to the three single-phase lines, to which the respective n coil groups according to the in the FIG. 27 shown fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative are connected. The Figure 38 shows a second variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment of the third alternative, at the two identical to the one in the FIG. 27 Stator module constructed stator modules are connected directly to each other.
FIG. 39 shows a third variant of an electrical connection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the fourth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative, in which two of the in the FIG. 36 shown stator modules are connected directly to each other, in each case in addition there is no return line of the star point conductor.

FIG. 40 shows a first variant of an electrical connection of two stator modules of a sliding door connected to each other according to FIG FIG. 36 shown thirteenth preferred embodiment according to the third alternative, in which case additionally the return lines are guided via connections to the outside and connected to each other.
The FIG. 41 shows a second variant of an electrical interconnection of two interconnected stator modules of a sliding door according to the thirteenth preferred embodiment of the third alternative, in which case the return lines are led out via connections to the outside and connected to each other, but within a stator module no connection of the return lines to the single-phase lines takes place, that is, a return or ring line only via both together connected phase modules.
The Figure 42 shows a cross-sectional view and a horizontal sectional view of coil cores of a sliding door according to a first preferred embodiment of the third alternative. This embodiment corresponds in principle to that in the FIG. 17 shown Sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment according to the third alternative. Here, the coil cores 3 'are cylindrical.
The FIG. 43 shows a cross-sectional view and a horizontal sectional view of coil cores of a sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative. This embodiment also corresponds in principle to that in the FIG. 17 shown sliding door according to a second preferred embodiment of the third alternative. Here, the coil cores 3 'configured with a transversely elongated shape to the direction of movement, whereby the proportion of the winding wire, which contributes to the advance of the magnetic series 1, is particularly large and therefore compared to the cylindrical configuration of the coil cores with the same feed properties a flatter design can be achieved.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1e, 1f

magnet row

1a - d

magnet

2

supporting member

2 ', 2a', 2b ',

2d'Spule

2a, 2b, 2d

rail

3

guide element

3 ', 3a', 3b ',

3c 'spool core

4

support carriage

5

door

6

casing

6a, 6b

head Start

6 '

support section

7, 7a-c

Kitchen sink

7 '

Roller arrangement, left arrangement

8th

Roller arrangement, right arrangement

9

Floor of the supporting profile

10

Side area of the supporting profile

11

Recesses in the side areas of the supporting profile

12, 12a-c

Plunger

12 '

Side area of the support carriage

13

Bottom of the carriage

14

Return rail

15

treads

15a

overlay

15b

damping layer

16

Displacement sensor of a first stator module

17

Distance sensor of a second stator module

18

axis

18 '

circuitry

18a, 18b

Polschuhleiste

19

pole pieces

19 '

paneling

21

sheet metal bracket

22

Contacting and fixing pins

23

flux conductors

24

outside

25

distance

37

Phase wiring of a first stator module

38

Phase wiring of a second stator module

40

first stator module

41

second stator module

42

Overhangs of the supporting profile

43

Return body

44

connecting piece

45

Neutral wire

R _S

= Grid

L _gap

= Length of a gap

R _M

= Magnetic grid

L _magnet

= Length of a magnet

n

Number of stator modules

F _g

weight force

F (y)

lateral force

F (z)

Capacity

a

slit-shaped distance

Claims (8)

1. A sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf (5), having a linear drive unit, which includes

   • at least one row of soft or hard magnetic elements (1, 1e, 1f), and

   • at least one coil arrangement, which

   - is modularly configured,

   - comprises at least one coil module, which

   ∘ comprises several individual coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) disposed in driving direction, and

   ∘ is configured to be placed in driving direction in a row one after the other to other ones of the at least one coil module, and

   - upon correspondingly energizing, the individual coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) cause an interaction which effects advance forces with the at least one row of soft or hard magnetic elements (1, 1e, 1f),

   wherein

   • the at least one coil module includes an integral contacting (22), which connects the individual coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) of the coil module upon attachment of the at least one coil module automatically to the control lines of a control unit, and the at least one coil module includes an integral attaching element (22),

   characterized in that

   • the integral contacting and the attaching element are configured as one structural element (22).
2. The sliding door according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one coil module comprises a number of at least two, and/or a number of individual coils (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) equal to a number of electrical phases or a plurality thereof used for the control.
3. The sliding door according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each coil arrangement comprises several coil modules, which are disposed placed in a row next to each other a with a constant distance to each other in driving direction.
4. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attaching element (22) allows for a clamping or latching connection of the at least one coil module.
5. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one coil module is cut to length by means of a machining or cutting procedure or by means of rupture at a predetermined separation location of a coil module sub-assembly comprising several coil modules.
6. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual coils (7, 7a to c) of the at least one coil arrangement is manufactured in a baked enamel procedure.
7. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual coils (7, 7a to c) of the at least one coil module are respectively directly wound onto a coil core (12).
8. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual coils (7, 7a to c) of the at least one coil module are respectively attached to a profile (21) by means of resistance point welding, riveting or press-fitting or are inserted into a groove of a bar profile.

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