EP1688576B1 - Sliding door with a magnetic drive system and an emergency escape functionality - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a sliding door with a magnetic drive system and an escape route functionality. The magnetic drive system has a linear drive unit with at least one magnet row. The term magnet series also includes elongated individual magnets. The magnet series can be arranged stationary or mobile. The magnetic drive system is preferably designed as a magnetic support and drive system.

From the DE 40 16 948 A1 a sliding door guide is known in the cooperating magnets under normal load effect a non-contact floating guide held in a sliding guide door or the like, wherein in addition to the stationary magnet arranged the sliding guide a stator of a linear motor is arranged, the rotor is arranged on the sliding door. The selected V-shaped arrangement of the permanent magnets of the disclosed permanently excited magnetic support means no laterally stable guideway can be realized, which is why a relatively complicated arrangement and design of the stator and rotor is required.

From the WO 00/50719 A1 a combined storage and drive system for an automatically operated door is known in which a permanently energized magnetic support system is symmetrical and has fixed and movable magnet rows, each arranged in a plane, wherein the support system in a labile equilibrium is located, and in which the support system has symmetrically arranged lateral guide elements, which can be stored in a roll shape. Due to the thus achieved laterally stable track results in a simple design and arrangement of the stator and rotor housed in a common housing linear motor, namely the ability to arbitrarily arrange stator and rotor of the linear motor with respect to the support system and with respect to the shape of stand and runners not to be limited by the support system.

What these two storage systems have in common is that they work according to the principle of the repulsive force effect, which principle of action enables a stable state of suspension without expensive electrical control. The disadvantage of this, however, is that both at least one stationary as well as at least one portable magnetic series must be present, d. h., Over the entire path of the sliding guide or the bearing of the automatically operated door and on the movable along this guide support carriage for the door must be arranged, resulting in such a system, due to the omission of the mechanical friction to carry the Door characterized by extreme smoothness and noiseless operation and is almost wear and maintenance free, in the production is very expensive.

From the DE 196 18 518 C1 Further, an electromagnetic drive system for magnetic levitation and support systems is known in which a stable levitation and support state is achieved by a suitable arrangement of permanent magnet and ferromagnetic material. For this purpose, the permanent magnet puts the ferromagnetic material in the state of a magnetic partial saturation. Electromagnets are arranged so that the permanent magnets alone by changing the saturation in the mounting rail are moved, and the coil cores are involved in the permanent magnetic partial saturation, which leads to the floating and wearing state.

Next shows the WO 94/13055 a stand drive for a linear electric drive and a door provided with such a stand, which is suspended by means of magnets in the lintel of a frame. For this purpose, a plurality of magnets or magnet groups are arranged on the door panel, the magnetic field strength is so large that an attraction force is achieved to a guide plate, which is arranged on the underside of the lintel, wherein the attraction is sufficient to lift the weight of the door.

The two systems described in these documents have in common that caking of the magnets is prevented on the ferromagnetic material by means of rollers, so an air gap between the magnet and the ferromagnetic material is adjusted by means of rollers. These roles must accommodate large forces in the selected arrangements, since the magnetic field strength can not be chosen so that only the respective magnetically suspended door is held, but due to safety regulations, a certain additional load capacity must be present so that the door does not fall unintentionally. Consequently, the roles must be interpreted in a similar way as in purely roller-mounted sliding doors, which results in a mechanical friction for adjusting the air gap is present. This eliminates the extreme ease and noiseless operation of working on the repulsive force principle storage and leads to wear and maintenance. In addition, the magnetic attraction force is already set during production to the respective load to be supported which makes these systems unsuitable or too expensive for practical use.

Further, these publications lead to the use of coupled with a magnetic support means or integrated linear drive, the design of such a linear drive, its control or a suitable escape route function are not described.

In such sliding doors, in Germany z. B. to standard, be sure that the sliding door in case of danger even when a single malfunction, such. B. a defective control element (single-fault) and failure of the power grid or automatically after opening a hazard switch opens quickly. In conventional sliding door drives with mechanical transmission elements, such as belts, belts, ropes or spindles, this is the use of an elastic tension element, such. B. a rubber rope, known, which is stretched with the door closed and opens the door in one of the aforementioned cases and regularly for testing purposes.

Here are the disadvantages that the rope must be tightened each time the door is closed, whereby the drive motor is more heavily loaded and that the door is in the closed state under a bias, so that it by the engine, a clutch or a locking device in the closed Position must be kept. Further, an additional electromagnetic clutch in the drive train is usually necessary to reduce the friction occurring in the drive train by the elastic tension elements when opening. Due to friction, the elastic tension elements also generate noise during normal operation. Also, the elastic tension element provides an additional Component is that causes additional manufacturing costs and claimed additional space. Finally, the elastic tension elements can age by the constant operation and load depending on the material used and thereby lose elasticity, whereby the opening force decreases or the tensile elements can break, so that a regular review and possibly a regular replacement are necessary.

As an alternative to such elastic tension elements, it is known in conventional sliding door drives with mechanical transmission elements for the escape route function to use a second drive motor with its own emergency control and accumulator supply. The second motor is often directly connected to a second shaft end of the main engine, so that the main engine and the emergency engine form a unit.

A disadvantage of this solution is that an additional motor is necessary, which causes additional manufacturing costs and requires additional space, and that this solution offers only limited security, since the first motor could block when burned by caking the insulation materials.

It is therefore the object of the invention to develop a sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door, which has a linear drive unit with at least one magnet row, so that the advantages mentioned above remain at low production costs and an escape route function is ensured.

This object is achieved by a sliding door with the features specified in claim 1, alternative solutions to this problem are each indicated by the in claims 2 and 3 Given characteristics. Advantageous embodiments of the subject matters of claims 1 to 3 are given in the subclaims.

In a first alternative, the sliding door according to the invention comprises a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf, with a magnet row arranged in the drive direction, the magnetization of which changes sign in its longitudinal direction at certain distances, and a support slide connected to the magnet row, to which the door leaf can be fastened , as well as with a coil arrangement comprising a plurality of individual coils and coil cores which, with appropriate control of the individual coils, interacts with the magnet series, which induces feed forces, wherein the individual coils of the coil arrangement are assigned at least two phase strings and the individual coils assigned to a respective phase string are connected in parallel, an electric power storage and an emergency control, which is connected to the electric power storage and can open the sliding door in case of power failure or failure of the main control.

In a second alternative, the sliding door according to the invention comprises a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf, with a magnet row arranged in the drive direction, the magnetization of which changes sign in its longitudinal direction at certain distances, and a support slide connected to the magnet row, to which the door leaf can be fastened , And with a consisting of a plurality of individual coils and coil cores coil arrangement, which causes an appropriate interaction with the magnet coil, the feed forces, wherein the individual coils of the coil assembly are associated with at least two phase strands and connected to a respective phase strand individual coils connected in series an electric power storage and an emergency control, which is connected to the electric power storage and can open the sliding door in case of power failure or failure of the main control.

In a third alternative, the sliding door according to the invention comprises a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf, with a magnet row arranged in the drive direction, the magnetization of which changes sign in its longitudinal direction at certain distances, and a support slide connected to the magnet row, to which the door leaf can be fastened , And with a consisting of a plurality of individual coils and coil cores coil arrangement, which causes an appropriate action of the individual coils interaction with the magnetic series, the feed forces causes an electric power storage, an emergency control, which is connected to the electric power storage and the sliding door in case of power failure or failure the main control can open, and two or more auxiliary coils connected to the emergency control for opening the sliding door with a corresponding control.

By the invention, an escape route function is accordingly realized by a fail-safe designed linear motor is provided with a powered by an accumulator emergency control. The linear motor is designed to be fail-safe by interconnecting the large number of electromagnetic drive coils present in it so that the motor can continue to operate virtually without damage during the burn-through or in the event of contact errors of a single coil or coil group. The additionally provided emergency control with accumulator supply, which is connected to the existing coil strands of einfehlsicher interconnected coils, opens the door at Power failure, when pressing an emergency switch, in case of failure of the main control or at regular intervals for self-test of the escape route function, as z. B. is prescribed in Germany.

Since the sliding door according to the invention with a magnetic drive system for the escape route function has no mechanical transmission means between the engine and the door, a failure of the escape route function by mechanical failure, for. B. by tearing or jamming of the belt, ruled out, so that according to the invention in comparison with the described method in conventional sliding door drives with mechanical transmission elements, a higher security is achieved.

The sliding door according to the invention with a magnetic drive system, in particular the linear motor sliding door drive according to the invention, for the escape route function independent from the main control and powered by an electric power storage emergency control, which can open the sliding door in case of power failure or failure of the main control. The accumulator preferably used as an electric power storage can also be realized alternatively by a capacitor or a battery. When using a rechargeable electric power storage this is preferably charged automatically, so that there is always a sufficient emergency power available.

The fail-safe interconnection of the individual coils is achieved in the first alternative by a parallel circuit of the individual coils of a phase strand, since individual coils can fail here, z. B. by the wire melts or breaks a coil terminal, without the operation is negatively affected safety relevant.

In the second alternative, the fail-safe interconnection of the individual coils is carried out by a series connection of the individual coils of a phase strand, since short circuits within a coil, z. B. by failure of the wire insulation of individual coils, can occur without the linear motor fails as a result, since individual failed coils do not interfere. Since a correspondingly thick wire can be used, a line or wire breakage is extremely unlikely and can be compensated with appropriate mechanical protection of the stator. Further, the series-connected coils of a phase string can be made of a single uninterrupted wire, so that breakage of a coil terminal in the series connection can be precluded. This shows that the required single-fault safety is given by the inventive short-circuit-proof interconnection of the coils of a phase strand.

In the third alternative, the fail-safe design of the individual coils of the linear drive according to the invention is achieved by two or more additional coils for the emergency opening function, which can be operated with the emergency control independently of the main coil strand. The coils can act like the main coils on the rotor. The additional emergency opening coils may be mounted individually or in one or more groups between the main coils and in front of or behind them. Furthermore, the additional coils provided for the emergency opening function can be made smaller than those provided for normal operation, since they are only operated at great time intervals for a short time, ie, for the respective single opening.

The sliding door preferably further comprises a monitoring unit that monitors the charge and aging state of the electric power storage.

By this preferably additionally present electronic monitoring of the charge and aging state of the electric power storage, a poor condition or a temporal aging acoustically, z. B. by a beep, optically, z. B. by a light signal, by an emergency opening or by a message to a central monitoring system, whereby a necessary maintenance or a necessary replacement of the electric power storage is displayed. Without this inventively preferably provided electronic monitoring of the electric power storage to be changed in fixed periods, which depend on the type of power memory. Thus, a battery must be changed more frequently than an accumulator, which in turn must be changed more frequently than a capacitor.

Alternatively or additionally, the sliding door preferably further comprises an emergency control path detection system, the output of which is fed to the emergency control, which performs path-dependent commutation of the magnetic drive system based on the received output signal.

By preferential installation of a separate route detection system for the emergency control, ie in addition to a path detection system for the normal operation ensuring the main control, this can commutate the electromagnetic linear motor as in normal operation path-dependent. This own path detection system can be designed simpler than that intended for normal operation, z. B. only by an incremental encoder, by means of which the absolute position of the door leaf can not be detected. The emergency control route detection system can also serve merely as a backup for the route detection system used in normal operation, ie the emergency control normally uses the route detection system used in normal operation (by the main control) and only its own emergency control route detection system if it fails.

Further alternatively or additionally, the emergency control of the sliding door preferably performs a time-controlled commutation of the magnetic drive system.

This alternative or additional time-controlled commutation of the electromagnetic linear motor in the emergency opening offers a particularly high level of operational reliability, since no route detection system is required for the emergency opening and therefore can not fail either. The potential disadvantages of such timed commutation, such as poorer efficiency, poorer controllability and restless running, are of very little importance for emergencies. A control of the movement, ie, a targeted path-dependent acceleration and deceleration of the door, can be done in the event of a power failure by the existing incremental encoder of the main control. In the event of a total failure of the travel signal, the door can still open unregulated due to the time-controlled commutation. Also, both types of commutation can be implemented with a dedicated trip detection system, thereby providing a particularly fail-safe system, especially when the emergency control route detection system serves only as a backup to the route detection system used in normal operation.

Next alternatively or additionally, a plurality of individual coils of the coil assembly are made of a continuous wire in the sliding door.

By preferably producing a plurality of series connected coils from a single continuous wire, the risk of poor contact is reduced. A connection can be created between two individual coils connected in series. Further preferably, all coils of the drive or at least one phase strand are made of a continuous wire. In addition to the gain in functional reliability, thereby the manufacturing process can be simplified. In a triangular circuit (3-phase) or ring circuit (4-phase or multi-phase), all coils of the motor or a phase strand can each be made of a single continuous wire, whereby a particularly high reliability is achieved.

Further alternatively or additionally, connecting lines for the individual coils of the coil arrangement are configured redundantly in the sliding door.

Through this multiple copy of the unavoidable contacts when connecting the motor voltage to the star, delta or annular coil system of the stator increased reliability is achieved. In particular, this is achieved when the neutral contact is repeatedly executed to increase the reliability in a star connection of the coil strands.

The stator of the drive according to the invention consists of at least two coils, preferably a larger number of coils is used. The coils are assigned to at least two phase strings. Especially favorable is a three-phase motor, as this can be particularly cost-effective for a particularly good drive characteristics, such as high efficiency and a uniform thrust. The coils can be connected in three phases both in the triangle and in the star. It is also possible to realize drive motors with four, five, six and more phases - with corresponding additional effort.

In the sliding door, the individual coils of the coil arrangement are preferably connected in delta connection or in star connection between a three-phase control system.

The sliding door preferably further comprises, for each door leaf, a roller arrangement connected to the magnet row, which fulfills a supporting function with respect to the door leaf and ensures a certain gap-like distance between the magnet row and the coil cores.

• größere Lebensdauer der Rollen,
• Reduzierung der Rollengröße und damit eine Bauraumreduktion bezüglich der Rollenlagerung,
• eine Reduzierung der Rollengeräusche,
• Reduzierung des Rollwiderstandes bzw. der Rollreibung.

By such a design of the magnetic drive system as a magnetic support and drive system, in which the required load capacity is partially absorbed by the magnetic support and drive system and partially by the roller assembly, the advantage over the prior art that the roller assembly neither the has to carry the entire load of the door leaf, nor must take a required due to safety regulations high load capacity in purely by means of magnets suspended door leaves. As a result, the following advantages are achieved compared to a pure roller bearing or a magnetic suspension supported by rollers:

• longer life of the rollers,
• Reduction of the roll size and thus a reduction in space with respect to the roller bearing,
• a reduction of roll noise,
• Reduction of rolling resistance or rolling friction.

Next arise in this embodiment of the sliding door compared to a purely magnetic support and guide system, the benefits that the load-bearing capacity stiffness in the design of the system need not be taken into account when accelerating and decelerating no rolling movements of the carried load, eg. B. the door, arise, and that different deflections at different door weights do not necessarily have to be considered or compensated. Further, the magnetic support and drive system of this invention designed for at least one door panel can be manufactured in series without disregarding the actual later use without divergence thereof, that is, as shown in FIG. H. without an adjustment required during production to the weight to be carried later.

For these reasons, a very good smoothness and noiseless operation is given in such operating according to the attractive force principle, although due to the used roller assembly, which ensures the particular gap-like distance between the magnet array and the coil assembly, despite utilizing an unstable state of equilibrium no electrical or electronic Control device needs to be provided. A gap-like distance in the sense of this invention is a distance between two parallel or slightly inclined surfaces. Here, in particular, between a pole face of one of the (at least one) magnet row and one of these oppositely arranged substantially parallel thereto surface of the coil cores of the coil assembly.

In the support device, the magnet series is preferably magnetized parallel to the support direction and transversely to the drive direction.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the magnet array preferably consists of one or more high-performance magnets, preferably rare-earth high-performance magnets, more preferably neodymium-iron-boron (NeFeB) or samarium-cobalt (Sm ₂ Co) or plastic-bonded magnet materials. By using such high-performance magnets can be generated because of the higher remanence induction significantly higher power densities than with ferrite magnets. Consequently, the magnet system can be constructed geometrically small and thus save space for a given load capacity with high-performance magnets. The higher material costs of the high-performance magnets compared to ferrite magnets are at least compensated by the comparatively small magnet volume.

The drive system or combined support and drive system is used to drive at least one door leaf of a sliding door, which is preferably designed as a curved sliding door or horizontal sliding wall. In addition to this insert, it can also be used to drive gate leaves or in feed devices, handling devices or transport systems.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.

Figur 1:

Eine Längsschnittdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäß prinzipiell verwendeten kombinierten Trag- und Antriebssystems,

Figur 2:

eine elektrische Verschaltung der Spulen der Linear-Antriebseinheit des in Figur 1 gezeigten kombinierten Trag- und Antriebssystems,

Figur 3:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer ersten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 2 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Antriebssystems,

Figur 4:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer zweiten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 2 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Antriebssystems,

Figur 5:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer dritten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 2 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Antriebs-systems,

Figur 6:

eine Querschnittsdarstellung einer Schiebetür nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der Erfindung,

Figur 7:

eine Prinzipdarstellung der Verschaltung der Steuerungseinheiten und der Energieversorgung mit dem Linearantrieb nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der Erfindung,

Figur 8:

eine einfehlersichere Verschaltung der in Sternschaltung geschalteten Ständerspulen nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der ersten Alternative der Erfindung,

Figur 9:

eine einfehlersichere Verschaltung der in Dreieckschaltung geschalteten Ständerspulen nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der ersten Alternative der Erfindung,

Figur 10:

eine einfehlersichere Verschaltung der in Sternschaltung geschalteten Ständerspulen nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der zweiten Alternative der Erfindung,

Figur 11:

eine einfehlersichere Verschaltung der in Dreieckschaltung geschalteten Ständerspulen nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der zweiten Alternative der Erfindung,

Figur 12:

eine einfehlersichere Verschaltung der in Viereckschaltung geschalteten Ständerspulen nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der zweiten Alternative der Erfindung, und

Figur 13:

Varianten einer einfehlersicheren Verschaltung der Ständerspulen durch unabhängig verschaltete Zusatzspulen nach bevorzugten Ausführungsformen nach dritten Alternative der Erfindung.

Showing:

FIG. 1:

A longitudinal sectional view of a principle according to the invention used in principle combined support and drive system,

FIG. 2:

an electrical interconnection of the coils of the linear drive unit of in FIG. 1 shown combined support and drive system,

FIG. 3:

a diagram for explaining a first possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 2 shown interconnected coils of the drive system used in the invention,

FIG. 4:

a diagram for explaining a second possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 2 shown interconnected coils of the drive system used in the invention,

FIG. 5:

a diagram for explaining a third possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 2 shown interconnected coils of the drive system used in the invention,

FIG. 6:

a cross-sectional view of a sliding door according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 7:

a schematic diagram of the interconnection of the control units and the power supply to the linear drive according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 8:

a fail-safe connection of the star-connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment according to the first alternative of the invention,

FIG. 9:

a fail-safe connection of the delta connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the first alternative of the invention,

FIG. 10:

a fail-safe connection of the star-connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment according to the second alternative of the invention,

FIG. 11:

a fail-safe connection of the delta connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the second alternative of the invention,

FIG. 12:

a fail-safe connection of the quadrilateral switched stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the second alternative of the invention, and

FIG. 13:

Variants of a fail-safe connection of the stator coils by independently interconnected auxiliary coils according to preferred embodiments according to the third alternative of the invention.

The FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of two drive segments of a drive system preferably used according to the invention, here as a combined magnetic support and drive system, in a longitudinal section, in which the magnetic linear drive used in the invention acts on the magnetic row 1, which on a support carriage 4 is fixed, which holds a door 5. The magnet array 1 is attached to a support profile 6 and has in each case alternately polarized individual magnets. In the supporting direction above the magnetic row 1 coils 2 are arranged with a certain gap-shaped distance, that a respective coil core 3 in the supporting direction, ie z-direction extends. The coil cores are in attractive force with the magnetic series 1 and thus bring a portion of a load capacity for the door 5 on.

In order to ensure a continuous feed of the magnetic row 1, the stator coils 2 are arranged with their respective coil cores 3 in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, since each relative position is attributable to an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive, as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Due to the available three-phase three-phase network is a three-phase system, as exemplified in FIG. 2 shown is very inexpensive to build.

In this case, a respective drive segment and thus a coil module of the linear drive unit consists of three coils which have an extension of three length units in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie between the centers of adjacent coil cores 3 is a grid R _S = 1 unit length. The length of a magnet of the magnetic row 1 in the drive direction and the length of the gap lying between the individual magnets of the magnetic row 1 is chosen here such that the length of a magnet L _magnet + length of a gap L _gap = magnetic grid R _M = 3/4 length unit (= 3 / 4 R _S ).

FIG. 2 shows the interconnection of the coils of FIG. 1 shown two drive segments of the invention preferably used linear drive unit. Here, a first coil 2a is connected to a first coil core 3a between a first phase and a second phase of a three-phase three-phase system whose three phases are uniformly distributed, ie the second phase at 120 ° and a third phase at 240 °, when the first phase is at 0 °. The second coil 2b with coil core 3b of a drive segment of the linear drive unit lying in the positive drive direction, ie + x direction, next to the first coil 2a with coil core 3a is connected between the second phase and the third phase and that in the positive drive direction, ie + x-direction next to the second coil 2b with coil core 3b lying third coil 2c with bobbin 3c is connected between the third phase and the first phase. In addition to such a drive segment of the linear drive unit lying drive segments of the linear drive unit are connected in the same way to the three phases of the three-phase system.

If one assigns the angle formed by the permanent magnets Polraster, analogous to the arrangement in a two-pole DC motor, phase angle, so the linear coil arrangements can be mapped in a circular phase diagram. Since this can be interpreted both magnetically as a driving effect on the permanent magnets and electrically as a control of the coils, the relationship between switching states and driving effect can be described uniformly by this diagram.

Such a circular phase diagram with drawn coils is shown in FIG FIG. 3 shown. Here, on the ordinate, the electric potential is given in V and on the abscissa the magnetic potential. A circle around the origin of this coordinate system, which represents a zero potential for both the electric potential and the magnetic potential, represents the phase angles of the voltage applied to the respective coils, wherein a 0 ° -phase position is given at the intersection of the circle with the positive ordinate and the phase is clockwise to a 90 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the south pole, a 180 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative ordinate, which represents the minimum voltage potential a 270 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the positive abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the north pole, to a 360 ° phase position, which is equal to the 0 ° phase position, in the intersection of the circle with the positive ordinate, which represents the maximum voltage potential changes.

As in FIG. 2 is shown, a relationship is given, in which the first coil 2a with a coil core 3a between a 0 ° -phase position and a 120 ° -phase layer, the second coil 2b with the bobbin 3b between a 120 ° -phase position and a 240 ° -phase position and the third coil 2c lie with coil core 3c between a 240 ° -phase position and a 360 ° -phase position. In three-phase operation, now the hands of these coils rotate in accordance with the alternating frequency of the three-phase current in a clockwise direction, wherein in each case one of the electrical potential difference between the projected at the ordinate start and end points of the pointer corresponding voltage is applied to the coil.

In the magnetic interpretation of the phase diagram, a phase pass of 180 ° corresponds to a displacement of the rotor by the distance between the centers of two adjacent magnets, ie the magnetic grid R _M. By the alternating polarization of the magnets In the runner, a pole change is performed when shifting around the magnetic grid R _M. After a 360 ° phase pass, the rotor displacement is two R _M. In this case, the magnets are again in the starting position relative to the grid R _{S of} the stator coils, comparable to a 360 ° rotation of the rotor of a two-pole DC motor.

For the electrical interpretation of the phase diagram, the ordinate is considered, on which the applied electrical voltage potential is shown. At 0 °, the maximum potential, at 180 °, the minimum potential and at 90 ° or 270 °, an average voltage potential. As mentioned above, the coils are represented in the diagram by arrows whose start and end points represent the contacts. The respectively applied coil voltage can be read by projection from start and end point of the arrows to the potential axis. By the direction of the arrow, the current direction and thereby the magnetization direction of the coil is set.

Instead of a continuous sinusoidal voltage source, the phase diagram according to FIG. 3 For reasons of cost, a controller with a rectangular characteristic can also be used. In a corresponding phase diagram, the in FIG. 4 is shown, the rectangular characteristic is represented by switching thresholds. In this case, the phase connections can each assume the three states plus potential, minus potential and potential-free. Here are the plus potential z. B. in a range between 300 ° and 60 ° and the negative potential in a range of 120 ° to 240 ° and the ranges between 60 ° and 120 ° and 240 ° and 300 ° represent the potential-free state in which the coils are not are connected. For square-wave voltage control is disadvantageous compared to the sinus control uneven thrust.

Of course, it is still possible to build a large number of other coil configurations and potential distributions, for. B. the in FIG. 5 shown potential distribution, wherein a minimum potential of 0 V in a range between 105 ° and 255 °, a maximum potential of 24 V in a range of 285 ° to 75 ° and potential-free ranges of 75 ° to 105 ° and 255 ° to 285 ° present.

By suitable controls according to the principles set out above, different traversing speeds and travel paths can be achieved. For this purpose, position sensors for each door can be provided or it can also be built controls that do without position sensors, the position of the door is estimated.

The FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a supporting and driving means of a sliding door according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

A basically U-shaped support profile 6 has a bottom 9 and two perpendicular thereto side portions 10, each having recesses 11, in which on the support carriage 4 mounted arrangements 7, 8 run by individual rollers, which cause a vertical guide. Here, two identical arrangements 7, 8 are selected from single roles, of which a left arrangement 7 lies in the positive transverse direction y to the left of a right arrangement 8. The left-hand arrangement 7 is fastened on the supporting carriage 4 in the positive transverse direction y on the left and the right-hand arrangement 8 is fastened on the supporting carriage 4 on the right in the positive transverse direction y.

Within the here in principle U-shaped support carriage 4, on whose side regions 12 the arrangements 7, 8 are fastened by individual rollers, the magnet row 1 is arranged on the bottom 13 of the support carriage 4. Between the side regions 12 of the support carriage 4, a coil arrangement consisting of coils 2 and coil cores 3 is arranged with a gap-shaped spacing a to the magnet array 1, which is fastened to the bottom 9 of the support profile 6. Since the support section 6 may consist of non-magnetic material, for. As aluminum, a soft magnetic return rail 14 is disposed between the coil assembly 2, 3 and the support section 6, having bores through which the coil cores 3 are fixed to the bottom 9 of the support section 6. The coil cores 3 and the soft magnetic return rail 14 may also be integrally formed.

For stabilization, the principle points upward, d. H. in the negative supporting direction, ie the -z-direction, open U-shaped support carriage 4 at the upper edges of its side regions 12 in the transverse direction, d. H. positive and negative y-direction, protruding ribs, which are interrupted in the area of the individual roles of the arrangements 7, 8 of the roller assembly.

In these embodiments of the invention, the recesses 11 of the support profile 6 are arranged in the vertical direction next to the coil 2 and coil cores 3, so the support carriage 4 is designed so that not only the magnetic row 1 attached to this is disposed within its side regions 12, but also Parts of the attached to the support section 6 coils 2 and coil cores 3. This results in a particularly flat design.

Further, the recesses 11 are provided with running surfaces 15, which are designed so that a unrolling of the individual rollers of the arrangements 7, 8 the roller assembly is quiet. The treads 15 may consist of two or more material components, z. B. from a soft cushioning layer 15 b, which is provided on the support profile 6, and a hard running layer 15 a, on which run the individual roles.

On the support carriage 4 is further provided a horizontal guide member (not shown) which holds the support carriage 4 in a stable position in the y-direction. Below the support carriage 4, a scale 16 of a displacement measuring system is mounted on the outside of the bottom 13, which cooperates with a provided in the support section 6 transducer 17 to determine the position of the running in the support section 6 support carriage 4.

Next to the support section 6, a panel 19 is provided within which a circuit arrangement 18 is included for driving the linear drive unit having a controller 21 for driving the individual coils 2 and electrically connected to the transducer 17 of the displacement measuring system, with the coils 2 of Coil arrangement, with a (not shown) power supply and with a (not shown) sensor for initiating the opening and closing of the sliding door according to the invention is connected.

Of course, according to the invention, the magnet row 1 can also be fastened to the housing 6 and the coil unit consisting of coils 2, coil cores 3 and possibly a soft magnetic return busbar 14 can be fastened to the support carriage 4.

A controller 21 can by moving the selected individual coils 2 one or more doors 5, ie, each with a row of magnets 1 provided support carriage 4 move.

The FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the interconnection of the control units and the power supply to the linear drive according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

The linear drive shown is a three-phase system in which three individual coils 2 of the coil assembly facing four individual magnets of the magnetic series 1, as in relation to the FIGS. 1 to 5 has been described. In the embodiment shown, the stator forming individual coils 2a, 2b, 2c and 12 the rotor forming individual magnets are shown for simplicity. The invention is not limited to this embodiment and preferably has a larger number of individual coils 2 and individual magnets. At the middle single coil, a sensor 17 of a distance measuring system connected to a main controller 24 for normal operation and a sensor 23 of a distance measuring system connected to the emergency control 20 are arranged for emergency operation. This arrangement is chosen because a sensor located there can detect the door position in both the fully open and fully closed states and in all states therebetween.

Three-phase motor power lines 25 coming from the main controller 24 are connected to one side of the stator and three-phase motor power lines 26 coming from the emergency control 20 are connected to the stator from the other side. The main controller 24 is connected to the power supply network 27, here z. B. with a 230V network. The main controller 24 supplies power to the emergency controller 20 via power lines 28. Furthermore, a data exchange line 29 is present between the main controller 24 and the emergency controller 20, via which the emergency controller 20 can detect a failure of the main controller 24.

The emergency control 20 is further connected to an electrical energy storage 21, which ensures a power supply of the emergency control 20 in the event of failure of the power supply network 27, so that they can open the sliding door. The electrical energy store 21 is monitored by a monitoring unit 22 with regard to the state of charge and the state of aging. The monitoring unit 22 may be constructed individually or integrated into the emergency control 20.

The FIG. 8 shows a fail-safe connection of the star connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the first alternative of the invention.

The three-phase motor power lines 25 from the main controller 24 are connected to one end of three phase lines, one for the first phase, the second phase, and the third phase, at the other end of which the three-phase motor power lines 26 are connected from the emergency controller 20 are. In each case, coil groups of three individual coils 2a, 2b, 2c connected in a star-shaped manner are connected in parallel between the three phase lines. To this end, in each coil group, a single coil 2a having a first end with the phase line for the first phase and a second end with a star line connecting all second ends of the individual coils, a single coil 2b having a first end with the phase line for the second Phase and a second end with the star line and a single coil 2c having a first end connected to the phase line for the third phase and a second end to the star line.

The FIG. 9 shows a fail-safe connection of the delta connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the first alternative of the invention.

The three-phase motor power lines 25 from the main controller 24 are connected to one end of three phase lines, one for the first phase, the second phase, and the third phase, at the other end of which the three-phase motor power lines 26 are connected from the emergency controller 20 are. In each case, coil groups of three individual coils 2a, 2b, 2c connected in delta connection are connected in parallel between the three phase lines. To this end, in each coil group, a single coil 2a having a first end with the phase line for the first phase and a second end with the phase line for the second phase, a single coil 2b having a first end with the phase line for the second phase and a second End connected to the phase line for the third phase and a single coil 2c having a first end to the phase line for the third phase and a second end to the phase line for the first phase.

The phase lines can be designed generally redundant, z. B. as in the FIG. 9 for the third phase phase line is shown by connecting a second line between the corresponding terminal for the three-phase motor power lines 25 from the main controller 24 and the three-phase motor power lines 26 from the emergency controller 20. Now this phase line can be interrupted at any point without a malfunction occurring.

The FIG. 10 shows a fail-safe connection of the star-connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the second alternative of the invention.

The three-phase motor power lines 25 from the main controller 24 are connected to one end of three phase lines, one for the first phase, the second phase and the third phase, at the other End of the three-phase motor power lines 26 are connected from the emergency control 20. Branches of a star-shaped connected series circuit of (in each case by way of example four) individual coils 2a, 2b, 2c are respectively connected between the three phase lines. For this purpose, a first series circuit of four individual coils 2aa, 2ab, 2ac, 2ad having a first end with the phase line for the first phase and a second end with a neutral point which connects all the second ends of the series circuits of individual coils, a second series circuit of four individual coils 2ba, 2bb, 2bc, 2bd having a first end with the phase line for the second phase and with a second end with the neutral point and a third series connection of four individual coils 2ca, 2cb, 2cc, 2cd with a first end with the phase line for the third phase and connected to the star point with a second end.

At the star point, the contacts are redundant, d. H. there is a point where all the second ends of the series circuits converge and a circular line around this point, which also connects all the second ends of the series circuits.

FIG. 10 shows in the upper part of the linear arrangement of the so interconnected individual coils in the stator according to the invention, where from left to right the sequence of individual coils 2aa, 2ba, 2ca, 2ab, 2bb, 2cb, 2ac, 2bc, 2cc, 2ad, 2bd, 2cd is given.

The FIG. 11 shows a fail-safe connection of the delta connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the second alternative of the invention.

The three-phase motor power lines 25 from the main controller 24 are connected to one end of three phase lines, one each for the first phase, the second phase and the third phase, connected, at the other end, the three-phase motor power lines 26 are connected from the emergency control 20. Branches of a delta connection of (in each case by way of example four) individual coils 2a, 2b, 2c are respectively connected between the three phase lines. For this purpose, a first series circuit of four individual coils 2aa, 2ab, 2ac, 2ad having a first end with the phase line for the first phase and a second end with the phase line for the second phase, a second series connection of four individual coils 2ba, 2bb, 2bc , 2bd having a first end with the second phase line and a second end with the third phase line, and a third series connection of four single coils 2ca, 2cb, 2cc, 2cd having a first end with the third phase line and a second end connected to the phase line for the first phase.

FIG. 11 shows in the upper part of the linear arrangement of the so interconnected individual coils in the stator according to the invention, where from left to right the sequence of individual coils 2aa, 2ba, 2ca, 2ab, 2bb, 2cb, 2ac, 2bc, 2cc, 2ad, 2bd, 2cd is given.

The phase lines can be designed generally redundant, z. B. as in the FIG. 11 for the third phase phase line is shown by connecting a second line between the corresponding terminal for the three-phase motor power lines 25 from the main controller 24 and the three-phase motor power lines 26 from the emergency controller 20. Now this phase line can be interrupted at any point without a malfunction occurring.

The FIG. 12 shows a fail-safe connection of the quadrature connected stator coils according to a preferred embodiment of the second alternative of the invention.

Here, four-phase motor power lines are connected from the main controller 24 to one end of four phase lines, one each for the first phase, the second phase, the third phase, and the fourth phase, at the other end of which four-phase motor power lines are connected from the emergency controller are. Branches of a quadrilateral circuit of (in each case by way of example two) individual coils 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are respectively connected between the four phase lines. For this purpose, a first series circuit of two individual coils 2aa, 2ab having a first end with the phase line for the first phase and a second end with the phase line for the second phase, a second series connection of two individual coils 2ba, 2bb with a first end with the Phase line for the second phase and with a second end with the phase line for the third phase, a third series connection of two individual coils 2ca, 2cb having a first end with the phase line for the third phase and a second end with the phase line for the fourth phase and a fourth series connection of two single coils 2da, 2db having a first end connected to the fourth phase line and a second end connected to the first phase line.

In an analogous way, systems with even more phases can be set up.

The FIG. 13 shows variants of a fail-safe connection of the stator coils by independently interconnected auxiliary coils according to preferred embodiments of the third alternative of the invention.

Basically, the three-phase motor power lines 25 may be connected from the main controller 24 to one end of three phase lines, one for the first phase, the second phase and the third phase, at the other end the three-phase motor power lines 26 from the emergency control 20 are connected.

However, in order to ensure safety, if a fault occurs with respect to this redundancy, according to the invention, additional coils 30 are connected exclusively to the emergency control 20 and can cause the sliding door to open. In the upper part of the FIG. 8 It is shown that these additional coils 30 are arranged at both ends of the stator according to the invention in such a variety and such a length overlapping that the desired functionality of the emergency opening of the sliding door is ensured. In the example shown, the additional coils at each end of the stator cover a range which corresponds to one third of the length of the coils provided for normal operation. In the example shown, three additional coils 30 are provided at each end, while in between nine individual coils 2 are for normal operation.

However, the arrangement depends essentially on the driving dimensions of the sliding door, ie the stator length and the rotor length, from. The middle part of the FIG. 13 shows an arrangement in which three auxiliary coils 30 are arranged in the middle between each nine provided for normal operation individual coils 2 and the lower part of the FIG. 13 shows an arrangement in which six arranged for normal operation single coils 2 alternately arranged auxiliary coils 30 are arranged in a central region of the stator.

By provided in actual arrangements larger number of individual coils 2 intended for normal operation in a number of auxiliary coils 30 corresponding to the above embodiments arise for normal operation no disadvantages in terms of smoothness or generally the control of the sliding door according to the invention.

The thus provided with a main controller 24 and an emergency in an electrical energy storage 21 emergency control 20 provided linear drive, the main controller 24 and the emergency control 20 may be constructed in the circuit 18, the individual coils 2 in parallel between the drive phases of the motor power lines 25th is divided by the main controller 24 and the motor power lines 26 of the emergency control 20 switched coil groups, which are connected in a star or annular (delta connection in a three-phase system, square circuit in a four-phase system, ...) performs all the features generally described above for an escape route function. In particular, the single-fault safety of the linear motor provided with a multiplicity of individual coils is utilized in order to achieve a standard-compliant escape path property by means of minimal additional external wiring and minimal additional wiring effort in the interconnection of the individual coils.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

magnet row

2a, b, c

Kitchen sink

3a, b, c

Plunger

4

support carriage

5

door

6

support section

7

Roller arrangement, left arrangement

8th

Roller arrangement, right arrangement

9

Floor of the supporting profile

10

Side area of the supporting profile

11

Recesses in the side areas of the supporting profile

12

Side area of the support carriage

13

Bottom of the carriage

14

Return rail

15

treads

16

Scale of a distance measuring system

17

Measuring transducer of the position measuring system

18

circuitry

19

paneling

20

emergency control

21

electric power storage

22

monitoring unit

23

Notsteuerungs-path detection system

24

main control

25

Three-phase motor power lines from the main controller

26

three-phase motor power lines from the emergency control

27

Mains power supply

28

Power lines

29

Data exchange line

a

distance

x

driving direction

y

transversely

z

bearing direction

R _M

magnetic grid

L _gap

gap

L _magnet

magnet length

Claims (14)

1. A sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf (5), with a row of magnets (1) disposed in driving direction, the magnetization thereof changing the sign in its longitudinal direction at certain intervals, and with a carrying slide (4) connected to the row of magnets (1), at which slide the door leaf (5) can be attached, as well as with a coil arrangement consisting of several individual coils (2) and coil cores (3), which arrangement, upon appropriate activation of the individual coils (2), causes an interaction with the row of magnets (1) generating advance forces, characterized in that the individual coils (2) of the coil arrangement are associated to at least two phase conductors, and the individual coils (2), which are associated to a respective phase conductor, are connected in parallel and characterized by an electrical energy accumulator (21) and an emergency control (20), which is connected to the electrical energy accumulator (21) and, in the event of a power failure or failure of the main control (24), is able to open the sliding door, wherein, for activating the individual coils (2), the phase conductors are electrically connected to the main control (24) and to the emergency control (20).
2. The sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf (5), with a row of magnets (1) disposed in driving direction, the magnetization thereof changing the sign in its longitudinal direction at certain intervals, and with a carrying slide (4) connected to the row of magnets (1), at which slide the door leaf (5) can be attached, as well as with a coil arrangement consisting of several individual coils (2) and coil cores (3), which arrangement, upon appropriate activation of the individual coils (2), causes an interaction with the row of magnets (1) generating advance forces, characterized in that the individual coils (2) of the coil arrangement are associated to at least two phase conductors, and the individual coils (2), which are associated to a respective phase conductor, are connected in parallel and characterized by an electrical energy accumulator (21) and an emergency control (20), which is connected to the electrical energy accumulator (21) and, in the event of a power failure or failure of a main control (24), is able to open the sliding door, wherein, for activating the individual coils (2), the phase conductors are electrically connected to the main control (24) and to the emergency control (20).
3. The sliding door with a magnetic drive system for at least one door leaf (5), with a row of magnets (1) disposed in driving direction, the magnetization thereof changing the sign in its longitudinal direction at certain intervals, and with a carrying slide (4) connected to the row of magnets (1), at which slide the door leaf (5) can be attached, as well as with a coil arrangement consisting of several individual coils (2) and coil cores (3), which arrangement, upon appropriate activation of the individual coils (2), causes an interaction with the row of magnets (1) generating advance forces, characterized by an electrical energy accumulator (21), an emergency control (24), which is connected to the electrical energy accumulator (21) and, in the event of a power failure or failure of a main control (24), is able to open the sliding door, and two or more additional coils (30) connected to the emergency control (20) for opening the sliding door upon appropriate activation, wherein, for activating the individual coils (2), phase conductors are electrically connected to the main control (24) and, for activating the additional coils (30) phase conductors are electrically connected to the emergency control (20).
4. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a monitoring unit (22), which monitors the charging and aging condition of the electrical energy accumulator.
5. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by an emergency control path detection system (23) the output signal thereof being fed to the emergency control (20), which, based on the received output signal, performs a path-dependent commutation of the magnetic drive system.
6. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emergency control (20) performs a time-controlled commutation of the magnetic drive system.
7. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that several individual coils (2) of the coil arrangement are manufactured from one continuous wire.
8. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that connecting lines for the individual coils (2) of the coil arrangement are configured to be redundant.
9. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual coils (2) of the coil arrangement are connected in a delta connection between a three-phase activation system.
10. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual coils (2) of the coil arrangement are connected in a star connection between a three-phase activation system.
11. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a roller arrangement (7, 8) connected to the row of magnets (1), which arrangement fulfils a carrying function with regard to the door leaf (5) and guarantees a certain gap-shaped distance (a) between the row of magnets (1) and the coil cores (3).
12. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the row of magnets (1) is magnetized in parallel to the carrying direction (z) and perpendicularly to the driving direction (x).
13. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the row of magnets (1) consists of one or more high energy magnets, preferably of rare earth high energy magnets, more preferably of the type NeFeB or Sm2Co.
14. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding door is configured as a curved sliding door or as a horizontal sliding wall.

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