EP1805384B1 - Sliding door comprising a magnetic support and drive system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a sliding door with a magnetic support and drive system for at least one door leaf according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the DE 40 16 948 A1 a sliding door guide is known in the cooperating magnets at. normal load a non-contact floating guide held in a sliding guide door or the like effect, in addition to the stationary magnet arranged the sliding guide a stator of a linear motor is arranged, the rotor is arranged on the sliding door. The selected V-shaped arrangement of the permanent magnets of the disclosed permanently excited magnetic support means no laterally stable guideway can be realized, which is why a relatively complicated arrangement and design of the stator and rotor is required. This arrangement increases the cost of such a sliding door enormously.

From the WO 00/50719 A1 a combined storage and drive system for an automatically operated door is known in which a permanently energized magnetic support system is symmetrical and has stationary and movable magnet rows, each arranged in a plane, wherein the support system is in a labile equilibrium and at the support system has symmetrically arranged lateral guide elements, which can be stored in a roll shape. Due to the thus achieved laterally stable track results in a simple design and arrangement of the stator and rotor housed in a common housing linear motor, namely the ability to arbitrarily arrange stator and rotor of the linear motor with respect to the support system and with respect to the shape of stand and runners not to be limited by the support system.

What these two storage systems have in common is that they work according to the principle of the repulsive force effect, which principle of action enables a stable state of suspension without expensive electrical control. The disadvantage of this, however, is that both at least one stationary as well as at least one positionable magnet series must be present, d. H. over the entire path of the sliding guide or the bearing of the automatically operated door and on the movable along this guide support carriage for the door magnets must be arranged, resulting in such a system, due to the elimination of mechanical friction to carry the door by extreme Smooth running and noiseless operation is characterized and is almost wear and maintenance-free, in the production is very expensive.

From the DE 196 18 518 C1 Further, an electromagnetic drive system for magnetic levitation and support systems is known in which a stable levitation and support state is achieved by a suitable arrangement of permanent magnet and ferromagnetic material. For this purpose, the permanent magnet puts the ferromagnetic material in the state of a magnetic partial saturation. Electromagnets are arranged so that the permanent magnets are moved solely by a change in saturation in the support rail and the coil cores are included in the permanent magnetic partial saturation, which leads to the floating and wearing state.

Next shows the WO 94/13055 a stand drive for a linear electric drive and a door provided with such a stand, which is suspended by means of magnets in the lintel of a frame. For this purpose, a plurality of magnets or magnet groups are arranged on the door panel whose magnetic field strength is so great that an attraction force is achieved to a guide plate, which is arranged on the underside of the lintel, wherein the attraction force is sufficient to lift the weight of the door panel.

The two systems described in these documents have in common that a caking of the magnets is prevented on the ferromagnetic material by means of rollers, so an air gap between the magnet and the ferromagnetic material is adjusted by means of rollers. These roles must take large forces in the selected arrangements, since the magnetic field strength can not be chosen so that only the respective magnetically suspended door is held, but due to safety regulations, a certain additional load capacity must be present so that the door does not fall unintentionally. Consequently, the roles must be interpreted similarly, as in purely roller-mounted sliding doors, which results in that a mechanical friction for adjusting the air gap is present. This eliminates the extreme ease and noiseless operation of working on the repulsive force principle storage and leads to wear and maintenance. In addition, the magnetic attraction must be precisely adjusted to the particular load to be carried during manufacture, making these systems unsuitable for practical use or too expensive.

US20031110696A1 discloses a drive system having an air gap between the primary element and the magnetic path which can be adjusted by inserting different thickness spacers. The disadvantage here is that the air gap is not adjustable by a user.

Out EP1122391A which document discloses all features of the preamble of claim 1 are rollers known which set a constant distance between the movable element of the drive and the stator. Again, no possibility of air gap adjustment by a user is provided.

It is therefore the object of the invention to develop a sliding door with a magnetic support and drive system for at least one door leaf, which has a linear drive unit with at least one magnet row, so that the advantages mentioned above remain at low production costs.

This object is achieved with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of claim 1 are given in the dependent claims.

The sliding door with a magnetic support and drive system for at least one door, with a magnet array arranged in the drive direction whose magnetization in its longitudinal direction at certain intervals changes the sign, consisting of a plurality of individual coils and coil cores coil arrangement, the interaction with appropriate control of the individual coils causes with the magnetic series, the feed forces, wherein the coil cores or to these adjacent pole pieces in attractive force with the magnetic series, a guide element, which ensures a certain gap-shaped distance between the magnet array and the coil cores or the pole pieces, a support carriage on which of the Door leaf can be fixed and a load-adjusting device, by means of which the particular gap-shaped distance can be adjusted, has the advantage over the prior art that the support element does not necessarily have to be hard magnetic due to the exploded attractive force, with a gap width of the gap-shaped Distance between the magnetic series and the existing of coil cores and / or pole pieces support element can be adjusted. By such an adjustment, a simple load capacity adjustment can be realized. Due to the possibility of adjusting the load capacity, the support device can be easily adapted to different loads, ie to differently heavy door leaf of the sliding door, without having to make design changes or replacement of elements of the support device. By virtue of this feature, the carrying means of the sliding doors can be manufactured in series without disregarding the actual later use without differences, ie without an adjustment to the weight to be carried later during manufacture. This further leads to a particularly simple and uncomplicated design of the guide element is made possible, since this with optimum adjustment of the load capacity to ensure the distance between the magnet array and the support element does not have to absorb load. For this reason, in a working on the attractive force principle storage a very good smoothness and noiseless operation is given, due to the guide element used, which ensures the particular gap-like distance between the two rows of magnets and the coil assembly and the mounting rails, despite the use of an unstable state of equilibrium none electrical or electronic control device needs to be provided. A gap-like distance in the sense of this invention is a distance between two parallel or slightly inclined surfaces. Here, in particular, between a pole face of one of the at least one magnet row and one of these faces of the coil cores of the coil arrangement arranged opposite to one another and essentially parallel thereto.

In the support device, the magnet series is preferably magnetized parallel to the support direction and transversely to the drive direction.

According to the invention, the guide member is fixed to the support carriage and acts against a magnetic support and drive system receiving housing to ensure a certain vertical position of the support carriage in the supporting direction with respect to the housing and by the load-adjusting device, the relative position of fixed to the housing coil cores or pole pieces to the attached to the support carriage magnet series adjustable

According to the invention, the load-adjusting device consists of at least one first screw, which adjusts the relative vertical position of the coil cores or pole shoes to the housing and / or of at least one second screw, which adjusts the relative vertical position of the magnet row to the support carriage. By such formed by means of screws load-adjusting device, a particularly simple and inexpensive embodiment of the invention is realized, by means of which existing between the magnet array and the coil cores or pole shoes gap width and thus the carrying capacity can be set very accurately.

Furthermore, the load-adjusting device preferably comprises at least one first spacer element, which defines a distance between a bottom of the housing and the coil cores and / or at least one second spacer element, which defines a distance between a bottom of the support element and the magnet row. By means of such spacers that define a matched to specific loads to be supported distance, a mounting of different door panels can be easily done, which is given in spite of a uniform for all door support and drive system optimum adjustment to individual door settings.

The guide member preferably includes at least first rollers and second rollers running in a respective groove provided in side portions of the housing. This groove at the same time both ensures the gap-shaped distance by limiting the movement of the support carriage in negative support direction, ie upwards, as well as further preventing unwanted dropping of the door leaf when exceeding the holding force generated by the magnetic support means by limiting the movement of the support carriage in the positive direction of support, ie down. This preferred embodiment of the guide element makes it possible that the magnetic holding forces can be optimally adjusted, ie a door is held just hovering so that the guide element has to absorb substantially no load-bearing forces, the safety provisions is sufficient, since the door even with an additional force acting downwards to the gravitational pull can not fall off. Due to the configuration by means of a guide element provided with rollers, a slight displacement of the door leaf is also possible in this case.

The preferred roles can be replaced but also by rolling or sliding body according to the invention. These embodiments can continue with the use of certain materials, eg. As plastic, improves the smoothness of the sliding door and maintenance of the guide element can be reduced to a minimum, since with a corresponding adjustment of the elements of the guide element noise and wear can be minimized.

The magnet series preferably consists of one or more high-performance magnets, preferably rare-earth high-performance magnets, more preferably neodymium-iron-boron (NeFeB) or samarium-cobalt (Sm ₂ Co) or plastic-bonded magnet materials. By using such high-performance magnets can be generated because of the higher remanence induction significantly higher power densities than with ferrite magnets. Consequently, the magnet system can be constructed geometrically small and thus save space for a given load capacity with high-performance magnets. The higher material costs of the high-performance magnets compared to ferrite magnets are at least compensated by the comparatively small magnet volume.

The combined support and drive system is used to drive at least one door leaf of a sliding door, which is preferably designed as a curved sliding door or horizontal sliding wall.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.

Figur 1:

Eine Längsschnittdarstellung eines kombinierten Trag- und Antriebssystemes,

Figur 2:

eine elektrische Verschaltung der Spulen der Linear-Antriebseinheit des in Figur 1 gezeigten kombinierten Trag- und Antriebssystemes,

Figur 3:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer ersten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 2 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen des Antriebssystemes,

Figur 4:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer zweiten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 2 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen des Antriebssystemes,

Figur 5:

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung einer dritten Möglichkeit des Spannungsverlaufes an den wie in Figur 2 gezeigt verschalteten Spulen des Antriebssystemes,

Figur 6:

Querschnittsdarstellungen einer Schiebetür nach bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung und

Figur 7:

Querschnittsdarstellungen einer Schiebetür nach weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.

Showing:

FIG. 1:

A longitudinal sectional view of a combined support and drive system,

FIG. 2:

an electrical interconnection of the coils of the linear drive unit of in FIG. 1 shown combined support and drive system,

FIG. 3:

a diagram for explaining a first possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 2 shown interconnected coils of the drive system,

FIG. 4:

a diagram for explaining a second possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 2 shown interconnected coils of the drive system,

FIG. 5:

a diagram for explaining a third possibility of the voltage waveform to the as in FIG. 2 shown interconnected coils of the drive system,

FIG. 6:

Cross-sectional views of a sliding door according to preferred embodiments of the invention and

FIG. 7:

Cross-sectional views of a sliding door according to further preferred embodiments of the invention.

The FIG. 1 shows a schematic schematic diagram of two drive segments of a magnetic support and drive system, in a longitudinal section, in which the magnetic linear drive acts on the row of magnets 1, which is fixed to a support carriage 4, which holds a door leaf 5. The magnetic row 1 each has alternately polarized individual magnets. In the supporting direction above the row of magnets 1 coils 7 are arranged with a certain gap-shaped distance, that a respective coil core 12 in the supporting direction, ie, z-direction extends. The coil cores 12 are in attractive force with the magnetic series 1 and thus hold the door 5th

In order to ensure a continuous feed of the magnetic series 1, the stator coils 7 are arranged with their respective coil cores 12 in different relative positions to the grid of the permanent magnets. The more different relative positions are formed, the more uniform the thrust force can be realized over the travel. On the other hand, since each relative position is assigned to an electrical phase of a drive system required for the linear drive, as few electrical phases as possible should be used. Due to the available three-phase three-phase network is a three-phase system, as exemplified in FIG. 2 shown is very inexpensive to build.

In this case, there is a respective drive segment and thus a coil module of the linear drive unit of three coils 7a, 7b, 7c, which have an extension of three units of length in the drive direction, ie x-direction, ie, between centers of adjacent coil cores 12 is a raster Rs = 1 unit length. The length of a magnet of the magnetic row 1 in the drive direction and the length of the gap lying between the individual magnets of the magnetic row 1 is chosen here such that the length of a magnet L _magnet + length of a gap L _gap = magnetic grid R _M = 3/4 length unit (= 3 / 4 R _s ).

FIG. 2 shows the interconnection of the coils of FIG. 1 shown two drive segments of a linear drive unit. Here, a first coil 7a having a first coil core 12a is connected between a first phase and a second phase of a three-phase three-phase system whose three phases are uniformly distributed, ie the second phase is at 120 ° and a third phase is at 240 °, when the first phase is at 0 °. The in the positive drive direction, ie + x-direction, next to the first coil 7a with magnetic core 12a lying second coil 7b with coil core 12b of a drive segment of the linear drive unit is connected between the second phase and the third phase and in the positive drive direction, ie + x-direction next to the second coil 7b with coil core 12b lying third coil 7c with coil core 12c is connected between the third phase and the first phase. In addition to such a drive segment of the linear drive unit lying drive segments of the linear drive unit are connected in the same way to the three phases of the three-phase system.

If one assigns the angle formed by the permanent magnets Polraster, analogous to the arrangement in a two-pole DC motor, phase angle, so the linear coil arrangements can be mapped in a circular phase diagram. Since this can be interpreted both magnetically as a driving effect on the permanent magnets and electrically as a control of the coils, this diagram can be the context between switching states and driving effect are described uniformly.

Such a circular phase diagram with drawn coils is shown in FIG FIG. 3 shown. Here, on the ordinate, the electric potential is given in V and on the abscissa the magnetic potential. A circle around the origin of this coordinate system, representing a zero potential for both the electric potential and the magnetic potential, represents the phase angles of the voltage applied to the respective coils, with a 0 ° phase position at the intersection of the circle with the positive ordinate and the phase is clockwise to a 90 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the south pole, a 180 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the negative ordinate, the minimum voltage potential represents, a 270 ° phase position in the intersection of the circle with the positive abscissa, which represents the magnetic potential of the north pole, to a 360 ° phase position, which is equal to the 0 ° phase position, in the intersection of the circle with the positive Ordinate representing the maximum voltage potential changes.

As in FIG. 2 2, a relationship is given in which the first coil 7a with magnetic core 12a between a 0 ° phase position and a 120 ° phase position, the second coil 7b with magnetic core 12b between a 120 ° phase position and a 240 ° phase position and the third coil 7c with magnetic core 12c lie between a 240 ° phase position and a 360 ° phase position. In three-phase operation, now turn the hands of these coils according to the alternating frequency of the three-phase current in a counterclockwise direction, each one of the electrical potential difference between corresponding to the ordinate projected start and end points of the pointer voltage corresponding to the coil.

In the magnetic interpretation of the phase diagram, a phase pass of 180 ° corresponds to a displacement of the rotor by the distance between the centers of two adjacent magnets, ie the magnetic grid R _M. Due to the alternating polarization of the magnets in the rotor, a pole change is carried out when shifting around the magnetic grid R _M. After a 360 ° phase pass, the rotor displacement is two R _M. In this case, the magnets are in the starting position relative to the grid Rs of the stator coils again, comparable to a 360 ° rotation of the rotor of a two-pole DC motor.

For the electrical interpretation of the phase diagram, the ordinate is considered, on which the applied electrical voltage potential is shown. At 0 °, the maximum potential, at 180 °, the minimum potential and at 90 ° or 270 °, an average voltage potential. As mentioned above, the coils are represented in the diagram by arrows whose start and end points represent the contacts. The respectively applied coil voltage can be read off by projection of start and end point of the arrows on the potential axis. By the direction of the arrow, the current direction and thereby the magnetization direction of the sink is set.

Instead of a continuous sinusoidal voltage source, the phase diagram according to FIG. 3 For reasons of cost, a controller with a rectangular characteristic can also be used. In a corresponding phase diagram, the in FIG. 4 is shown, the rectangular characteristic is represented by switching thresholds. Here you can the phase connections respectively assume the three states plus potential, minus potential and potential-free. The plus potential z. B. in a range between 300 ° and 60 ° and the negative potential in a range of 120 ° to 240 ° and the ranges between 60 ° and 120 ° and 240 ° and 300 ° represent the potential-free state in which the coils are not are connected. In rectangular voltage control, the more uneven thrust compared to sinusoidal control is disadvantageous.

Of course, it is still possible to build a large number of other coil configurations and potential distributions, for. B. the in FIG. 5 shown potential distribution, wherein a minimum potential of 0 V in a range between 105 ° and 255 °, a maximum potential of 24 V in a range of 285 ° to 75 ° and potential-free ranges of 75 ° to 105 ° and 255 ° to 285 ° present.

The FIG. 6 shows cross sections of supporting and driving means of a sliding door according to preferred embodiments of the invention.

The FIG. 6a ) shows a first preferred embodiment of the invention. A generally U-shaped housing 6 has a bottom 16 and two perpendicular thereto side portions 17, each having recesses 26 in which mounted on the support carriage 4 vertical guide rollers 25 run. The vertical guide rollers 25 and the recesses 26 form the guide element 3. It should be noted that the moving in the recesses 26 vertical guide rollers 25 during operation at an ideal setting of the carrying capacity neither the boundary generated by the recesses 26 in the negative supporting direction nor the through this generated boundary in positive support direction need.

The bottom 16 has a milled recess 15, in which a soft magnetic return rail 18 is arranged, on which the coil cores 12 are fixed, on which the coil windings 7 are located. The coil cores 12 and soft magnetic return line 18 may be integrally formed.

Within the here U-shaped support carriage 4, at its side regions 14, the vertical guide rollers 25 are attached, which is attached to a mounting rail 21 magnetic row 1 is arranged, wherein the mounting rail 21 guided by means of a bottom 13 of the support carriage 4 adjusting screws 20 on the support carriage being held. The adjusting screws 20 simultaneously determine the vertical position of the magnetic row 1 within the support carriage 4 and thus also the gap-shaped distance a between the magnetic row 1 and coil cores 12. A between the bottom 13 of the support carriage 4 and the mounting rail 21 resulting distance b is like a distance a proportional to the load capacity. In this first preferred embodiment, the carrying capacity is thus adjustable over the setting of the gap-shaped distance a, which satisfies the relationship a + b = constant.

In FIG. 6b ) it is shown that the distance b is filled by spacers 22. This z. B. used during assembly spacers 22 can thus define the carrying capacity by their height, which defines the distance b. Thus, 5 corresponding spacer elements 22 can be delivered with each door, through which the carrying capacity of a universal support and drive system by inserting the spacers 22 between the mounting rail 21 and bottom 13 of the support carriage and subsequent tightening of the adjusting screw 20 can be adapted to this.

The FIG. 6c shows a second preferred embodiment of the invention, with respect to in the FIGS. 6a) and 6b ) modified so that the vertical position of the soft magnetic return rail 18 is adjustable by means of adjusting screws 19, so a distance c between the bottom 16 and a bottom of the located in the bottom 16 cutout 15 and the soft magnetic return rail 18th In Thus, in this second preferred embodiment, the carrying capacity can be set via the setting of the gap-shaped spacing a, which satisfies the relationship a + b + c = constant.

The FIG. 6d ) shows a third preferred embodiment of the invention, with respect to in the FIG. 6c ) modified in that only the vertical position of the soft magnetic return rail 18 is adjustable by means of adjusting screws 19, ie the distance c between the bottom 16 and a bottom of the recess 16 located in the bottom 16 and the soft magnetic return rail 18 Thus, in this third preferred embodiment, the carrying capacity can be set via the setting of the gap-shaped spacing a, which satisfies the relation a + c = constant.

The FIG. 7 shows cross sections of a first and a second development of a support and drive means of a sliding door according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention.

Unlike the in FIG. 6 shown embodiments of the invention, the recesses 26 are not arranged in the vertical direction below the coil 7 and coil cores 12, but next to it, so the support carriage 4 is designed so that not only the at this fixed magnetic row 1 is disposed within its side regions 14, but also parts of the attached to the housing 6 coils 7 and spool core 12. This results in a wider and flatter design. Further, the recesses 26 are provided with running surfaces 23, which are designed so that any necessary unwinding of the vertical guide rollers 25 is quieter.

Further, a cladding 28 is provided around the housing 6, within which a circuit arrangement 27 for controlling the linear drive unit is received.

In the in Figure 7a ) shown first embodiment of a support and drive means of a sliding door according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention, the mounting rail 21 is formed as a U-shaped profile, which is inserted into the upper region of a main element of the support slide forming H-profile 4a, the side portions 14 are offset outwardly below the bottom 16 of the upper gate, ie in the direction of the vertical guide rollers 25 (below which the outwardly offset lower side areas 14 are located) attached to the upper side regions 14. Below the outwardly offset lower side regions 14 are projections 17a 17b of the side regions 17 of the housing 6, which form a screen in the interior of the support and drive system according to the invention. The mounting rail 21 is fastened by means of an adjusting screw at the bottom of the upper portion of the support slide forming H-profile. At the lower side portions 14 a forming a fastener of the support carriage U-profit 4b is attached to which the door 5 is suspended.

In the in FIG. 7b ) shown second embodiment of a support and drive device of a sliding door according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention, in contrast to the first development of the support carriage as two nested U-profiles 4c, 4d formed, wherein the U-shaped profile formed mounting rail 21st is fastened by means of adjusting screws 20 within the inner U-profile 4c at the bottom 13, at its side regions 14, the vertical guide rollers 25 are attached and also attached to the side regions 14 outer U-profile 4d the door 5 carries.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

magnet row

3

guide element

4, 4a-d

support carriage

5

door

6

casing

7, 7a-c

Kitchen sink

12, 12a-d

Plunger

13

Bottom of the carriage

14

Side area of the support carriage

15

milled

16

Bottom of the case

17

Side area of the housing

17a, 17b

projections

18

soft magnetic return rail

19

first adjusting screw

20

second adjusting screw

21

mounting rail

22

spacer

23

treads

25

vertical roll

26

recess

27

circuitry

28

paneling

b

distance

a

distance

c

distance

z

bearing direction

x

driving direction

Claims (6)

1. A sliding door with a magnetic support and drive system for at least one door leaf (5), having:

   - a housing (6) accommodating the support and drive system;

   - a support carriage (4), to which the door leaf (5) can be attached, and

   - a row of magnets (1), which is disposed in driving direction and attached to the support carriage (4), the magnetization of the row in the longitudinal direction thereof changing the sign at certain distances;

   - a coil arrangement, which is composed of several individual coils (7) and coil cores (12), which are attached to the housing (6), which arrangement, when appropriately activating the individual coils (7a to 7c), effects an interaction with the row of magnets (1), which causes thrust forces, wherein the coil cores (12) or pole shoes abutting against the latter are in an attracting action of forces with the row of magnets (1);

   - a guiding element (25) attached to the support carriage (4), which element acts against the housing (6) in order to guarantee a pre-determined vertical position of the support carriage (4) in the support direction (z) with regard to the housing (6) and a pre-determined gap-shaped distance (a) between the row of magnets (1) and the coil cores (12) respectively the pole shoes;

   characterized in that

   - a support force adjusting device (19, 20) is provided, by means of which the pre-determined gap-shaped distance (a) can be adjusted, wherein the support force adjusting device consists of at least one first screw (19), by means of which the relative vertical position of the coil cores (12), respectively of the pole shoes is adjustable with regard to the housing (6), and/or consists of at least one second screw (20), by means of which the relative vertical position of the row of magnets (1) can be adjusted with regard to the support carriage (4).
2. The sliding door according to claim 1, characterized in that the one row of magnets (1) is magnetized parallel to the support direction (z) and perpendicularly to the driving direction (x).
3. The sliding door according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support force adjusting device comprises at least one first distancing element (22), which defines a distance between a bottom (16) of the housing (6) and the coil cores (12) respectively pole shoes, and/or at least one second distancing element, which defines a distance between a bottom (13) of the support element (4) and the row of magnets (1).
4. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guiding element (3) comprises at least first rollers (25) and second rollers (25), which roll in a respective groove (26) provided in lateral areas (17) of the housing (6).
5. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one row of magnets (1) consists of one or more high-energy magnets, preferably of rare earth high-energy magnets, more preferably of the type NeFeB or Sm2Co.
6. The sliding door according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding door is configured as an arched sliding door or as a horizontal sliding wall.

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