Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
  • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
  • F24F13/18—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates specially adapted for insertion in flat panels, e.g. in door or window-pane
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
  • E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
  • E06B7/10—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses by special construction of the frame members
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
  • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel window structure and further a technique of improving the air within a room of a building or housing.
• vented window structures such as the structures known from US 5,475,957, US 4,572,282 and WO 92/14023. Reference is made to the above publications and the above US patents are further hereby incorporated in the present specification by reference.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and reliable window structure which allows venting of the room of a building, in which building a window is positioned delimiting the room from the surroundings and in doing so, allow a pre ⁇ heating of the air, which is introduced into the room in order to save energy rather than allowing cold fresh air to be freely introduced into the room in question.
• the pre-heating of air by employing the novel technique according to the present invention allows a saving of up to 50-60% of the energy of the air which is substituted from a room or a house by fresh air from the outside as compared to the situation in which the air from the room is simply allowed to escape and is substituted by fresh unheated air which is introduced into the room.
• the novel technique of allowing pre-heated air to be introduced into the building, in particular a room of a building may be established by a window structure, which, as compared to a conventional window has the same appearance and therefore, from an architectural point of view, does not ruin the appearance of the building or house in question and may be produced from high insulating pultruded profiled elements allowing the manufacture of a window and a window frame having the same overall dimensions as a conventional window used in the same building or house and made from conventional materials such as would, plastics, metal or combinations thereof.
• a window comprising a circumferential window frame and one or more window elements mounted in said window frame, said window frame including a first air inlet aperture at the bottom of said frame communicating with the exterior, and a first air outlet aperture communicating with the interior and further communicating with said first air inlet aperture through one or more air channels extending through substantially the entire length of said hollow frame.
• a hollow frame in which one or more air channels are provided extending from a bottom air inlet aperture through an air outlet aperture preferably positioned at the top of the window frame for drawing the air through the one or more air channels in which the air is pre-heated by heat from the wall or from the interior of the room.
• the hollow frame is preferably made from high strength and high insulating polymer materials in particular pultruded polymer material allowing the frame to be made in a shallow structure rather than in a large bulky structure, thereby allowing the overall window to be produced in accordance with existing architectural requirements and without ruining the architectural appearance of the building in which the window is mounted.
• the window frame is of an overall rectangular or square configuration and comprises a bottom frame part, two opposite side frame parts and a top frame part.
• the window element or window elements which are mounted in the window frame may be of any type well known in the art per se such as a single window element fixed to the window frame, a raisable or lowable, a tiltable or rotatably mounted window element, alternatively a plurality of window elements such as four or six window elements conventionally used in a window of the kind commonly known in Denmark as "Dannebrog"-window (named from the Danish red and white flag Danneborg) or any other structure per se.
• the window pane may be single layer glass, multi layer or glazed window panes and further that the window frame may be made from one material, preferably pultruded profiles, whereas the window elements may have casements made from the same material as the window frame or from a different material or different materials, such as wood, metal, plastics, metal and including insulating materials, e.g. mineral wool or glass wool or polymer materials or combinations thereof.
• window frame is to be understood as the outer supporting structure of the window, which structure is to fixated directly or through supporting elements to the wall of the house or building in question.
• a window element is to be understood as a term defining the element comprising a transparent element made from glass or a multiplicity of layers of glass and included within a circumferential casing or casement.
• the first air inlet aperture is preferably positioned in the bottom frame part, and the at least one air channel extends along the bottom frame part, the side frame parts and the top frame part.
• the transfer of heat from the wall of the building or alternatively from the interior of the building to the pre-heating air channel or air channels included in the hollow window frame of the window according to the present invention may be limited to a heat transmission for mainly the surrounding wall or alternatively from the room in question. Consequently, according to two alternative embodiments of the window according to the present invention, the hollow frame is insulated on its surface facing the interior for establishing heat transfer to the one or more air channels from the surrounding wall or alternatively, the hollow frame is insulated on its outer surface facing the surrounding wall.
• the air channels or the air channel may be configurated in a specific geometrical configuration and in this context, the hollow frame may have a substantially constant cross section from the air inlet aperture to the air outlet aperture or may have a decreasing cross section or alternatively an increasing cross section for decelerating or accelerating the flow of air through the air channel or the air channels.
• the surface of the hollow frame defining the air channel or air channels may be provided with a specific coating improving the heat transfer or, as discussed above, serving as an insulating layer or alternatively serving as an air flow accelerating on air flow decelerating surface coating.
• the hollow frame including the at least one air channel characteristic of the present invention may be separated into a plurality of air channels constituting a set of parallel air channels or a continuous air channel and consequently, the hollow window frame may, according to a further embodiment of the window according to the present invention, including an interior separation wall dividing the hollow frame into two separate channels.
• the separate channels defined by the separation wall may constitute two channels, the one being a continuation of the first channel, thereby providing an air flow channel twice the length of a single air flow channel occupying the inner space defined within the hollow window frame.
• the window according to the present invention may advantageously be configurated so that a first channel delimited by the separation wall establishes communication from the first air inlet to the first air outlet and the hollow frame further includes a second air inlet aperture communicating with the interior and a second air outlet aperture communicating with the exterior, a second channel of said hollow window frame establishing communication from the second air inlet aperture to the second air outlet.
• the first channel is preferably positioned closest to the exterior and the second channel is preferably positioned behind the first channel closest to the interior.
• the air flow through the second channel may be established dependent on the actual position of the second air inlet aperture and the second air outlet aperture in parallel with and in the same direction and alternatively and preferable, in the opposite direction as compared to the air flow through the first channel.
• the inlet/outlet aperture or apertures of the window according to the present invention are preferably provided with closure means for allowing the window to be sealed off.
• a circumferential window frame of a window or to be used in a window said window including one or more windows mounted in or to be mounted in said window frame, said window frame including a first air inlet aperture which communicating with the exterior and a first air outlet aperture communicating with the interior and further communicating with said first air inlet aperture through one or more air channels extending through substantially the entire length of said hollow frame.
• a third aspect of the present invention obtained by a method of improving the air of a room of a building or a house by allowing fresh, preheated air from the exterior to be introduced into the room by providing a window according to the first aspect of the present invention, mounting the window in said building or housing and allow air from the exterior to be input through said first air inlet channel and be transmitted through said one or more air channels extending through substantially the entire length of said hollow frame and in doing so, be preheated and allow preheated air to be introduced into the room through said air outlet aperture.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective and schematic view of a first and presently preferred embodiment of a window according to the present invention, and including a frame according to the present invention,
• Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the first embodiment of the window according to the present invention also shown in Fig. 1
• Fig. 3 is a perspective, schematic and partly cutaway view similar to the view of Fig. 1 of the first embodiment of the window according to the present invention illustrating the direction of airflow through the frame of the window
• Fig. 4a is a perspective and schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the frame according to the present invention, illustrating a different direction of flow of air through the frame,
• Fig. 4b is a detail of the window frame shown in Fig. 4a illustrating the opposite directions of the airflow through the window frame
• Fig. 4c is a vertical, sectional view of the window frame shown in Fig. 4a illustrating the direction of flow through the window frame
• Fig. 5a is a perspective and schematic view similar to the view of Fig. 4a of a third embodiment of a window frame according to the present invention illustrating the direction of flow of air through the window frame,
• Fig. 5b is a vertical, sectional view similar to the view of Fig. 4c illustrating the direction of airflow through the window frame of the window shown in Fig. 5a,
• Fig. 6a is a perspective and schematic view similar to the view of Fig. 4a of a fourth embodiment of a window frame of a window according to the present invention illustrating the direction of flow of air through the window frame,
• Fig. 6b is a vertical, sectional view similar to the view of Fig. 4c illustrating the direction of airflow through the window frame of the window shown in Fig. 6a,
• Fig.7 is a horizontal, sectional view through a window structure of a window structure including a window according to the present invention as mounted in a supporting wall
• Fig. 8 is a perspective and schematic view illustrating in greater details the airflow through the first and presently preferred embodiment of the window frame of the window according to the present invention also shown in Figs. 1 , 2 and 3, and
• Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the correspondence between transmission area of the airflow and the temperature efficiency and also including the corresponding text.
• a first and presently preferred embodiment of a window according to the present invention is shown designated the reference numeral 10 in its entirety.
• the window 10 is generally of a design which is extremely common in older buildings in Denmark and conventionally called a "Dannebrog" window (named after the Danish red and white flag).
• the window 10 includes a circumferential hollow frame 12 composed of two parallel and vertical frame parts 14, a horizontal top frame part 16 and an opposite horizontal bottom frame part 18.
• the individual frame parts of the frame 12 are integrally joint together and provided an interior hollow space to which access is obtained from the exterior through a bottom aperture 20 provided centrally in the horizontal frame part 18.
• the window 10 further comprises a vertical post 22 and a horizontal post 24 providing the overall geometrical structure of the "Dannebrog".
• a total of four individual window elements are mounted, preferably journalled on individual hinges for allowing the windows to be opened and closed.
• a single window, the left hand lower window, is designated the reference numeral 26 and comprises a window casement 28 and a glazed window
• Fig. 2 illustrates that the top and bottom frame parts 16 and 18, respectively, are constituted by hollow, structural elements, in which a hollow inner space is provided.
• a hollow inner space is provided in the top frame part 16, a hollow inner space is provided designated the reference numeral 17.
• the bottom frame part 18 is provided with an inner space 19.
• the frame 12 is shown together with a cutaway part of the window 26.
• FIG. 3 illustrates in greater detail the inner passage defined within the hollow frame 12 as the aperture 20 of the bottom frame part 18 communicates with the inner space 19 defined within the frame part 18 and further communicates with inner spaces 15 defined within the vertical side frame parts 14 from which communication is further provided to the hollow top frame part 16, which is provided with an aperture 32, through which the air input into the hollow frame 12 at the bottom as indicated by the arrow 34 is allowed to pass from the outside into the frame 12 and further by heating the air when in contact with the wall and the frame to be transported through the vertical hollow side frame part 14 and be input to the room in which the window is mounted through the top aperture 32.
• the technique of providing a hollow air passage from a bottom inlet aperture facing the environment to an inlet aperture through which the fresh outer air after heating of the air through passage in the hollow window frame is allowed to be introduced into the interior of the housing or building in which the window is mounted may be modified in numerous ways by e.g. providing additional channels within the hollow frame 12, by providing insulating coverings within the hollow frame or by including heat transfer elements such as passive heaters constituted by metallic panels or heat sink like elements or active heaters.
• components or elements identical to components or elements described above with reference to Figs. 1-3 are designated the reference numeral or reference numerals identifying the element or component in question in Figs. 1-3.
• FIG. 4a, 5a and 6a three alternative variants of the window frame 12 is illustrated.
• a double passage is provided within the frame 12 as the air input to the hollow frame 12 through the aperture 20 as indicated by the arrow 34 is allowed to pass through an outer passage delimited from an inner passage by a separation wall 36, which is shown in greater details in Fig. 4b allowing the input air to pass a first or outer passage 15a, vide also Fig.
• the frame 12" includes the same separation wall 36 as described above with reference to Figs. 4a-4c, however, whereas the separation wall 36 described above separates a single channel into two parts, the separation wall 36 provides two separate channels, the one channel being established as an inlet channel from the inlet aperture 20 to the aperture 32, which channel is designated the reference numeral 15a and serves the same function as the inlet channel 15 described above with reference to Fig. 3.
• a further channel constituting an outlet channel is provided behind the inlet channel, which outlet channel is divided into two parts establishing communication from two apertures 38 in the top frame part 18 and communicating with two bottom outlet apertures 40 in the bottom frame part 16 through the channels 15b, which are positioned behind the inlet channel 15a.
• the channels 15b constitute pre-heating channels in which the outlet air, which is guided from the interior of the house or building is used for pre-heating the inlet air.
• closures may preferably be provided for allowing the user to shut off the outlet air provided an excessive air outlet stream is established and similarly in Figs. 3, 4a and 5a, a closure may be provided in the air inlet aperture 20 or alternatively in the aperture 32.
• the two channels 15a and 15b of Fig. 5a are shown in greater details illustrating the opposite directions of the two air streams from the interior of the house or building to the exterior and vice versa.
• the fourth embodiment 12" of the window frame is shown as the window frame 12" shown in Fig. 51 is modified by a simple reversal of the direction of flow through the air outlet channel 15b.
• a single aperture 38' is provided as an inlet of the air outlet channel 15b from which inlet in the bottom frame part 18, communication is established through the air outlet channel 15b to two outlets 40' in the top frame part 16.
• Fig. 6b the directions of the air flowing through the channels 15a and 15b are illustrated.
• a window 10 implemented in accordance with the presently preferred embodiment of the window according to the present invention is mounted in a brick wall.
• the frame 12 is divided into two parts by a through-going partition wall 36' primarily serving the purpose of reinforcing the inner wall of the frame 12.
• an insulating covering 13 is provided, which is applied to the outwardly facing panel of the frame 12 and serving to improve the insulating property of the outwardly facing panel of the hollow frame 12.
• the window 10 may be modified from the so-called "Dannebrog" type into any conventionally single glazed window pane or multi- sectional glazed window structure and further, it is also to be realised that the individual window including the casement may be made in accordance with any architectural or functional criteria.
• the window 10 including the window frame 12 may be made from any appropriate material such as wood, plastics materials, metal in combination with insulating materials, e.g. wood, mineral wool or glass wool plastics materials etc.
• plastics material including PVC, PE, PP, ABS or any other UV resistant or UV resistivity improved polymer material may be used including fibre reinforced or non- fibre reinforced materials.
• Provided polymer materials, such as vinyl ester, phenols and epoxy resin are chosen, extrusion and in particular pultrusion processes are relevant for providing the frame 12 as a composite profiled element, preferably made from pultruded elements exhibiting the advantageous characteristics of high strength, low weight and high thermal resistance.
• Annex 1 a detailed discussion of advantages inhered in the technique of providing a controlled airflow through a hollow window frame is discussed in a report including a diagram illustrating the correspondence between transmission area of the air flow and the temperature efficiency and also including the corresponding text.
• the window can normally be opened -
• the window is provided with a rescue aperture
• the airing renders certain possibilities to the user, but it also requires an active operation in order to obtain a good quality of air without allowing too much heat to leave the room and in order to minimise draught from the fresh air
• the air is let in through a slot in the outer side of the bottom of the window frame, is led up through the sides of the window frame and enters through an aperture at the inner side of the top of the window frame, thereby achieving
• the air current through the window frame in one window is 30 m 3 /h corresponding to one person's need of fresh air 2.
• the inside surface temperature of the window frame may be adapted so that the conditions of hyphomycete and condensation are not present 95% of the year
• the total heat transmission coefficient of the window when the air in the window frame is stationary is supposed to live up to the general requirements in the recommendations to new energy-saving provisions in the building regulations. Consequently, the heat transmission coefficient may not exceed 1 ,5 W/m 2 K.
• the window and the window frame is constructed in consideration of acoustic environments.
• the air current through the window frame in one window is 30 m 3 /h corresponding to one person's need of fresh air 2.
• the inside surface temperature of the window frame may not become so low that hyphomycete and condensation arise
• the total heat transmission coefficient of the window when the air in the window frame is stationary is supposed to live up to the general requirements in the recommendations to new energy-saving provisions in the building regulations. Consequently, the heat transmission coefficient may not exceed 1 ,5 WAn 2 K.
• most residences include at least one window of a certain size, 1-2 m 2 in area or 4-6 m in circumference of the window frame per habitant.
• the supply of outside air necessary in order to obtain a good quality of the air corresponds to 25-30 m 3 /h per habitant.
• the speed of the air through the window frame is limited to 0,5 m/s resulting in the cross section of the single profile of the window frame being 333x25 mm.
• clothes with chlorine may be used. Another possibility is to remove the conditions for the formation of hyphomycete and condensation.
• the construction of the window should correspond to the inside surface temperature at the coldest place of the window frame not being below 14,2 0 C when the indoor temperature is 20 0 C and the outdoor temperature is O 0 C.
• the lowest indoor surface temperature must correspondingly be higher since there is then more humidity in the outdoor air with which the residence is ventilated.
• the outdoor temperature is lower.
• An object of the heat transmission coefficient of the window is defined corresponding to the general requirements in the recommendations to new energy- saving provisions in the building regulations: Maximum 1 ,5 W/m 2 K which makes it necessary to insulate the window frame against the surroundings with what corresponds to 20 mm common insulation. This also results in a minimising of the heat loss from the air current further out through the frame of the window when the ventilation is working.
• the good central heat transmission coefficient of the pane and the insulation of the window frame are thermally connected via an overlapping of at least 30 mm which overlapping ends in weatherstrips at both sides.
• an insulating TPS distance section is used for keeping the panes together.
• the geometry of the window frame makes it obviously possible to improve the heat transmission coefficient further just as the heat transmission coefficient of the pane may also be considerably improved if a three-layer pane is chosen, possibly by using a thinner, possibly iron-free glass so that the weight remains the same, the solar energy transmittance is improved and the staining is reduced.
• a slot may be cut around the periphery of the hole of the brickwork. Said slot may be used for mounting a thermal bridge cutting off/cold-conductor interruption in the brickwork whereby the heat current around the well-insulated window frame is reduced.
• residences In order to obtain a good quality of the air, residences must be provided with an air exhauster or an ordinary outlet in the bathroom as well as in the kitchen. The air current through the window frame is moved by the differences of pressure originating from the exhauster or outlet.
• the amount of hot air flowing into the frame is the same as the amount of hot air flowing out of the frame (to the colder surroundings).
• the interesting size of the temperature efficiency i.e. the amount of air being pre ⁇ heated in relation to the indoor and outdoor temperatures. Said temperature efficiency is just called the efficiency, abbreviated "e" and is calculated as follows:
• the most significant single-parameter as to the efficiency is the relationship between the heat-transmitting are (between the indoor air and the cavity, i.e. the inside of the frame) and the current by volume through the cavity: The bigger heat- transmitting area and the smaller current by volume, the bigger efficiency.
• the thermal bridge cutting off/cold-conductor interruption in the brickwork is to be optimised: The depth of the slot and the amount needed before reducing the effect.
• the window is to be further developed resulting in a halving of the heat transmission coefficient.
• the aim is 0,8 W/m 2 /k.
• a maximisation of heat transmission from the inside of the frame to the air current is not interesting, since it is necessary to insulate the inside of the frame in order to keep a sufficiently high surface temperature on the surface towards the room.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
• Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
• Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-09-15 EP EP04388061A patent/EP1640552A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-09-15 JP JP2007531598A patent/JP2008513632A/ja active Pending
  • 2005-09-15 EA EA200700638A patent/EA200700638A1/ru unknown
  • 2005-09-15 EP EP05779081A patent/EP1799949A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-09-15 AU AU2005284508A patent/AU2005284508A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-09-15 CA CA002579515A patent/CA2579515A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-09-15 WO PCT/DK2005/000584 patent/WO2006029630A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2005-09-15 CN CNA200580030467XA patent/CN101052778A/zh active Pending

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