EP1789092A2 - Conjugués de l'hormone de croissance humaine avec du polyéthylèneglycol ramifié à l'aide de glycérol, procédé de sa préparation, et méthode de son utilisation. - Google Patents
Conjugués de l'hormone de croissance humaine avec du polyéthylèneglycol ramifié à l'aide de glycérol, procédé de sa préparation, et méthode de son utilisation.Info
- Publication number
- EP1789092A2 EP1789092A2 EP05784225A EP05784225A EP1789092A2 EP 1789092 A2 EP1789092 A2 EP 1789092A2 EP 05784225 A EP05784225 A EP 05784225A EP 05784225 A EP05784225 A EP 05784225A EP 1789092 A2 EP1789092 A2 EP 1789092A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hgh
- peg
- growth hormone
- conjugate
- growth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 108010000521 Human Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 102000002265 Human Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 239000000854 Human Growth Hormone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 144
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 title description 103
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 208000037824 growth disorder Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 206010012559 Developmental delay Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- 206010056438 Growth hormone deficiency Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims description 7
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N phenylalanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000026928 Turner syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000001145 Metabolic Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010029748 Noonan syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000030886 Traumatic Brain injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000000690 abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000000523 end stage renal failure Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000018773 low birth weight Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000533 low birth weight Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009529 traumatic brain injury Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010374 Down Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000010228 Erectile Dysfunction Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000001640 Fibromyalgia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010049287 Lipodystrophy acquired Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000026139 Memory disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000021642 Muscular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000009623 Myopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000020221 Short stature Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010072610 Skeletal dysplasia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000032851 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010044688 Trisomy 21 Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000001881 impotence Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000006132 lipodystrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006320 pegylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 30
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 27
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 26
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 24
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 23
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 18
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 16
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 14
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 102000004218 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005932 reductive alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 6
- NAVMQTYZDKMPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Targretin Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(CCC2(C)C)(C)C)=C2C=C1C(=C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NAVMQTYZDKMPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000002303 tibia Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 201000010769 Prader-Willi syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 5
- YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rosiglitazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1N(C)CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O YASAKCUCGLMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 5
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013628 high molecular weight specie Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pioglitazone Chemical compound N1=CC(CC)=CC=C1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003998 size exclusion chromatography high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 5
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000012614 Q-Sepharose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 102100022831 Somatoliberin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101710142969 Somatoliberin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 4
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PKWDZWYVIHVNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N netoglitazone Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1COC1=CC=C(C=C(CC2C(NC(=O)S2)=O)C=C2)C2=C1 PKWDZWYVIHVNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOBPZXTWZATXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1CSC(=O)N1 ZOBPZXTWZATXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108090001117 Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000048143 Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Human genes 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005571 anion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960002938 bexarotene Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001268 conjugating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N inositol Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002608 insulinlike Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RVWNMGKSNGWLOL-GIIHNPQRSA-N (2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(2-methyl-1h-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanamide Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N)=O)C1=CN=CN1 RVWNMGKSNGWLOL-GIIHNPQRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBQLYIISSRXYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,2-oxazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound CC=1OC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NOC1=O QBQLYIISSRXYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010013883 Dwarfism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100027842 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710182396 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000965 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100022708 Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GHUUBYQTCDQWRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pioglitazone hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N1=CC(CC)=CC=C1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 GHUUBYQTCDQWRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNTOJPXOCKCMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;pyridine Chemical compound [B].C1=CC=NC=C1 NNTOJPXOCKCMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010006025 bovine growth hormone Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010005905 delta-hGHR Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001904 diabetogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012149 elution buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010016165 failure to thrive Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004191 hydrophobic interaction chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001543 one-way ANOVA Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012510 peptide mapping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010188 recombinant method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004586 rosiglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SUFUKZSWUHZXAV-BTJKTKAUSA-N rosiglitazone maleate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.C=1C=CC=NC=1N(C)CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O SUFUKZSWUHZXAV-BTJKTKAUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000580 secretagogue effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013223 sprague-dawley female rat Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940099419 targretin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N troglitazone Chemical compound C1CC=2C(C)=C(O)C(C)=C(C)C=2OC1(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001641 troglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-NTKDMRAZSA-N troglitazone Natural products C([C@@]1(OC=2C(C)=C(C(=C(C)C=2CC1)O)C)C)OC(C=C1)=CC=C1C[C@H]1SC(=O)NC1=O GXPHKUHSUJUWKP-NTKDMRAZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- AASBXERNXVFUEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O AASBXERNXVFUEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N (2R,4S)-ketoconazole Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)C)CCN1C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC[C@@H]1O[C@@](CN2C=NC=C2)(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)OC1 XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDGUFKZGMLPVHL-QFIPXVFZSA-N (2s)-3-[4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-(propylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C[C@H](NCCC)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OCCC1=C(C)OC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 RDGUFKZGMLPVHL-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWQWNCILOXTTHF-HLCSKTDOSA-N (2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-naphthalen-2-ylpropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanamide Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N)=O)C1=CNC=N1 NWQWNCILOXTTHF-HLCSKTDOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZHKXNSOCOQYQX-FUAFALNISA-N (2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanamide Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N)=O)C1=CN=CN1 WZHKXNSOCOQYQX-FUAFALNISA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRNLPPBUBKMZMT-SSSXJSFTSA-N (2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-naphthalen-2-ylpropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanamide Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](N)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HRNLPPBUBKMZMT-SSSXJSFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WURGZWOTGMLDJP-ZCYANPAGSA-N (e)-5-amino-n,5-dimethyl-n-[(2r)-1-[methyl-[(2r)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-naphthalen-2-yl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]hex-2-enamide Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)NC)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](CC=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)N(C)C(=O)\C=C\CC(C)(C)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURGZWOTGMLDJP-ZCYANPAGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASUGWWOMVNVWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound COCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O ASUGWWOMVNVWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVGOXGQSTGQXDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decane-sulfonic-acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O KVGOXGQSTGQXDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEZWWPYKPKIXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1COC(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1C=NC=C1 LEZWWPYKPKIXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-LKPKBOIGSA-N 1D-chiro-inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-LKPKBOIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCEFVYIWOQSJCH-LMOVPXPDSA-N 2-[4-[2-[[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]amino]ethoxy]phenyl]acetic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H](O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)NCCOC1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)C=C1 KCEFVYIWOQSJCH-LMOVPXPDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCTREOMTIFSZAU-OGFXRTJISA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;5-[(3r)-dithiolan-3-yl]pentanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO.OC(=O)CCCC[C@@H]1CCSS1 CCTREOMTIFSZAU-OGFXRTJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPUPBQQWLWFCPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylbenzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 OPUPBQQWLWFCPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPUOPPYSQEBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-phenoxypropanoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ILPUOPPYSQEBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C1N2C=NC=C2CCC1 CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IETKPTYAGKZLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[[4-[(3-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N(C)C=1COC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1SC(=O)NC1=O IETKPTYAGKZLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLUWVRIZBDJIOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[[4-[[4-[(2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl)methyl]phenyl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound S1C(=O)NC(=O)C1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 ZLUWVRIZBDJIOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHSSDEDRBUKTQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enyl-4,5,7,8-tetrahydrothiazolo[4,5-d]azepin-2-amine Chemical compound C1CN(CC=C)CCC2=C1N=C(N)S2 DHSSDEDRBUKTQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DJQOOSBJCLSSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acipimox Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=[N+]1[O-] DJQOOSBJCLSSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100033367 Appetite-regulating hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N Aromasine Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(=C)C2=C1 BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007992 BES buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- KPSRODZRAIWAKH-JTQLQIEISA-N Ciprofibrate Natural products C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1[C@H]1C(Cl)(Cl)C1 KPSRODZRAIWAKH-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clonidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN1 GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010016626 Dipeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016622 Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003779 Dipeptidyl-peptidases and tripeptidyl-peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000194 Dipeptidyl-peptidases and tripeptidyl-peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710115821 Flavin reductase (NADPH) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HEMJJKBWTPKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gemfibrozil Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(OCCCC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=C1 HEMJJKBWTPKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000930822 Giardia intestinalis Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033299 Glia-derived nexin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710183811 Glia-derived nexin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000579 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004269 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000095 Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100020948 Growth hormone receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710119601 Growth hormone-releasing peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001075374 Homo sapiens Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000599951 Homo sapiens Insulin-like growth factor I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001076292 Homo sapiens Insulin-like growth factor II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001123448 Homo sapiens Prolactin receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000664737 Homo sapiens Somatotropin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010062767 Hypophysitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150088952 IGF1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150002416 Igf2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023915 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037852 Insulin-like growth factor I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025947 Insulin-like growth factor II Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYBLEWFAAKGYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Miconazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1COC(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1C=NC=C1 BYBLEWFAAKGYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004472 Myostatin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010056852 Myostatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020889 NaBH3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000536 PPAR gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010016731 PPAR gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003728 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000029 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Physostigmine Natural products C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)C2C1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004576 Placental Lactogen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010003044 Placental Lactogen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000381 Placental Lactogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010002519 Prolactin Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100029000 Prolactin receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004022 Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000412 Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RVOLLAQWKVFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridostigmine Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=C[N+](C)=C1 RVOLLAQWKVFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100288143 Rattus norvegicus Klkb1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000005157 Somatostatin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010056088 Somatostatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000857870 Squalus acanthias Gonadoliberin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012505 Superdex™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Taurocholic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003526 acipimox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940062328 actos Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000048 adrenergic agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010083553 alanyl-histidyl-(2-naphthyl)alanyl-tryptophyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124325 anabolic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003263 anabolic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002932 anastrozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N anastrozole Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C#N)C)=CC(CN2N=CN=C2)=C1 YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003886 aromatase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046844 aromatase inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004810 atamestane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PEPMWUSGRKINHX-TXTPUJOMSA-N atamestane Chemical compound C1C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(C)C(C)=CC(=O)C=C3CC[C@H]2[C@@H]2CCC(=O)[C@]21C PEPMWUSGRKINHX-TXTPUJOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940062310 avandia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical class C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960000516 bezafibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IIBYAHWJQTYFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bezafibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 IIBYAHWJQTYFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004283 biguanides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108091008324 binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088623 biologically active substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036765 blood level Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KVLLHLWBPNCVNR-SKCUWOTOSA-N capromorelin Chemical compound C([C@@]12CN(CCC1=NN(C2=O)C)C(=O)[C@@H](COCC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)C(C)(C)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 KVLLHLWBPNCVNR-SKCUWOTOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004826 capromorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004706 cardiovascular dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000423 cell based assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001516 cell proliferation assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011210 chromatographic step Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012501 chromatography medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002174 ciprofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KPSRODZRAIWAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C1C(Cl)(Cl)C1 KPSRODZRAIWAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001214 clofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N clofibrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002896 clonidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001945 cysteines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001894 detomidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXMXDKHEZLKQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N detomidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(CC=2[N]C=NC=2)=C1C JXMXDKHEZLKQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003913 econazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000028208 end stage renal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002124 endocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229950001583 examorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000255 exemestane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950011548 fadrozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002297 fenofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125753 fibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004421 formestane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OSVMTWJCGUFAOD-KZQROQTASA-N formestane Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1O OSVMTWJCGUFAOD-KZQROQTASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003627 gemfibrozil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940063135 genotropin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N gonadorelin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035638 gonadotropin-releasing hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010015153 growth hormone releasing hexapeptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003324 growth hormone secretagogue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010085742 growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 108010070965 hexarelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000960 hypophysis hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009851 immunogenic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940068935 insulin-like growth factor 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001596 intra-abdominal fat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010829 isocratic elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000644 isotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004125 ketoconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003881 letrozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPJKCIUCZWXJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N letrozole Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C(N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 HPJKCIUCZWXJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004130 lipolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- YFVGRULMIQXYNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dodecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O YFVGRULMIQXYNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011866 long-term treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010000594 mecasermin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960001311 mecasermin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002140 medetomidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HRLIOXLXPOHXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N medetomidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C)=C(C)C=1C(C)C1=CN=C[N]1 HRLIOXLXPOHXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009245 menopause Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006371 metabolic abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003105 metformin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001360 methionine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229960002509 miconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950001628 netoglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004789 organ system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001151 peptidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006461 physiological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N physostigmine Chemical compound C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001697 physostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005095 pioglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000003068 pituitary dwarfism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001817 pituitary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003635 pituitary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003169 placental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003196 poly(1,3-dioxolane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004362 positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000208 pralmorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002290 pyridostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010077161 rat insulin-like growth factor-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011535 reaction buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001525 receptor binding assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950005713 reglitazar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009256 replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003607 serino group Chemical group [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WGWPRVFKDLAUQJ-MITYVQBRSA-N sermorelin Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WGWPRVFKDLAUQJ-MITYVQBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002758 sermorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002741 site-directed mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002356 skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003093 somatogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N somatostatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000553 somatostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010033419 somatotropin-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700031632 somatrem Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960003259 somatrem Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004532 somatropin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013222 sprague-dawley male rat Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108010064878 tabimorelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950008131 tabimorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N taurocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@H](O)C1 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001771 vorozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLMPPFTZALNBFS-INIZCTEOSA-N vorozole Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C2=CC=C3N=NN(C3=C2)C)N2N=CN=C2)=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XLMPPFTZALNBFS-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001600 xylazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC1=NCCCS1 BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
- A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/27—Growth hormone [GH], i.e. somatotropin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/06—Antiabortive agents; Labour repressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/02—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the hypothalamic hormones, e.g. TRH, GnRH, CRH, GRH, somatostatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/06—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the anterior pituitary hormones, e.g. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to PEGylation, of human Growth Hormone (hGH) by which the chemical and/or physiological properties of hGH can be changed.
- the PEGylated hGH conjugate may have an increased plasma residency duration, decreased clearance rate, improved stability, decreased antigenicity, decreased PEGylation heterogeneity or a combination thereof.
- the present invention also relates to processes for the modification of hGH.
- the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the modified hGH.
- a further embodiment is the use of the modified hGH for the treatment of growth and development disorders.
- Native human growth hormone is a protein comprising a single chain of 191 amino acids cross-linked by two disulphide bridges and the monomeric form has a molecular weight of 22 kDa.
- Human GH is secreted by the pituitary gland and which also can be produced by recombinant genetic engineering. hGH will cause growth in all bodily tissues that are capable of growth.
- hGH plays an important role not only in promoting growth in the growing phase in human beings but also in maintaining normal body composition, anabolism, and lipid metabolism (K. Bameis. And U. Keller, Baillieres Clin. Endocrinlo. Metab. 10:337 (1996)).
- Recombinant hGH has been commercially available for several years.
- Two types of therapeutically useful recombinant hGH preparations are present on the market: the authentic one, e.g. GenotropinTM, or NutropinTM and an analogue with an additional methionine residue at the N- terminal end, e.g. SomatonormTM.
- hGH is used to stimulate linear growth in patients with hypo pituitary dwarfism also referred to as Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) or Turner's syndrome but other indications have also been suggested including long-term treatment of growth failure in children who were born short for gestational age (SGA), for treatment of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), AIDS wasting, and Aging.
- GDD hypo pituitary dwarfism
- PWS Prader-Willi syndrome
- CRI chronic renal insufficiency
- aGHD adult GH deficiency
- aGHD have various problems, such as characteristic changes in body composition including increase in fat mass, decrease in lean body mass and extracellular fluid, and reduction of bone mineral density, metabolic abnormalities of lipids, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Many of those problems are improved by hGH replacement therapy (J.
- GH growth hormone
- the organ systems affected include the skeleton, connective tissue, muscles, and viscera such as liver, intestine, and kidneys. Growth hormones exert their effect through interaction with specific receptors on the target cell's membrane.
- hGH is a member of a family of homologous hormones that include placental lactogens, prolactins, and other genetic and species variants or growth hormone (Nicoll, C. S., et al. (1986) Endocrine Reviews 7: 169).
- hGH is unusual among these in that it exhibits broad species specificity and binds to either the cloned somatogenic (Leung, D. W., et al. [1987] Nature 330; 537) or prolactin receptor (Boutin, J. M., et al. [1988] Cell; 53: 69).
- the cloned gene for hGH has been expressed in a secreted form in Escherichia coli (Chang, C. N., et al. [1987] Gene 55:189), and its DNA and amino acid sequence has been reported (Goeddel, et al. [1979) Nature 281 : 544; Gray, et al. [1985] Gene 39:247).
- hGH Human growth hormone
- hGH In adults, as well as in children, hGH maintains a normal body composition by increasing nitrogen retention and stimulation of skeletal muscle growth, and by mobilization of body fat. Visceral adipose tissue is particularly responsive to hGH. In addition to enhanced lipolysis, hGH decreases the uptake of triglycerides into body fat stores. Serum concentrations of IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-l), and IGFBP3 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3) are increased by hGH. [007] hGH is a potent anabolic agent, especially due to retention of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with GH can restore at least a portion of the growth rate of the rats.
- IGF-I insulin-like growth factor-l
- IGFBP3 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
- hGH causes a variety of physiological and metabolic effects in various animal models including linear bone growth, lactation, activation of macrophages, insulin-like and diabetogenic effects, and others (R. K. Chawla et al., Annu. Rev. Med. 34:519 (1983); 0. G. P. lsaksson et al., Annu. Rev. Physiol. 47, 483 (1985); C. K. Edwards et al., Science 239, 769 (1988); M. 0. Thomer and M. L. Vance, J. Clin. Invest. 82:745 (1988); J. P. Hughes and H. G. Friesen, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 47:469 (1985)).
- homologous receptors contain a glycosylated extracellular hormone binding domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain, which differs considerably in sequence and size.
- One or more receptors are assumed to play a determining role in the physiological response to hGH.
- physiologically active proteins administered into a body can show their pharmacological activity only for a short period of time due to their high clearance rate in the body. Furthermore, the relative hydrophobicity of these proteins may limit their stability and/or solubility.
- poly(ethylene glycol) For poly(ethylene glycol), a variety of means have been used to attach the poly(ethylene glycol) molecules to the protein. Generally, poly(ethylene glycol) molecules are connected to the protein via a reactive group found on the protein. Amino groups, such as those on lysine residues or at the N-terminus, are convenient for such attachment. For example, Royer (U.S. Pat. No. 4,002,531 , above) states that reductive alkylation was used for attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) molecules to an enzyme.
- Chamow et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 5: 133-140 (1994) report the modification of CD4 immunoadhesin with monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) aldehyde via reductive alkylation. U.S.
- 5,824,784 demonstrates PEGylating G-CSF including at the N-terminus under reductive alkylation conditions.
- WO 93/00109 relates to a method for stimulating a mammal's or avian's GH responsive tissues comprising, maintaining a continuous, effective plasma GH concentration for a period of 3 or more days.
- One way of achieving such plasma concentration is stated to be by use of GH coupled to a macromolecular substance such as PEG (polyethylene glycol).
- the coupling to a macromolecular substance is stated to result in improved half-life.
- PEGylated human growth hormone has been reported in WO 93/00109 using mPEG aldehyde-5000 and mPEG N-hydroxysuccinmidyl ester(mPEG-NHS-5000) to achieve a hydrodynamic volume greater than the 7OK molecular weight cut-off of the kidney filtration as described (Knauf, M.J. et al, J. Biol. Chem. 263:15064-15070,1988).
- 93/00109 also discloses the use of mPEG-maleimide to PEGylate cysteine hGH variants.
- WO 99/03887 discloses a cysteine variant growth hormone that is PEGylated. Designated as BT-005, this conjugate is purported to be more effective at stimulating weight gain in growth hormone deficient rats and to have a longer half-life than hGH.
- PEGylated human growth hormone has also been reported in Clark et al. using succinimidyl ester of carboxymethylated PEG (Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 :21969-21977,
- Clark et al. describes derivates of hGH of increasing size using mPEG-NHS-5000, which selectively conjugates to primary amines. Increasing levels of PEG modification reduced the affinity for its receptor and increased the EC 50 in a cell-based assay up to 1500 fold. Olson et al., Polymer
- WO 94/20069 prophetically discloses PEGylated hGH as part of a formulation for pulmonary delivery.
- US 4,179,337 discloses methods of PEGylating enzymes and hormones to obtain physiologically active non-immunogenic, water-soluble polypeptide conjugates.
- GH is mentioned as one example of a hormone to be PEGylated.
- EP 458064 A2 discloses PEGylation of introduced or naturally present cysteine residues in somatotropin.
- EP 458064 A2 further mentions the incorporation of two cysteine residues in a loop termed the omega loop stated to be located at residues 102-112 in wild type bovine somatotropin, more specifically EP 458064 A2 discloses the substitution of residues numbered 102 and 112 of bovine somatotropin from Ser to Cys and Tyr to Cys, respectively.
- WO 95/11987 suggests attachment of PEG to the thio group of a cysteine residue being either present in the parent molecule or introduced by site directed mutagenesis.
- WO 95/11987 relates to PEGylation of protease nexin-1 , however PEGylation in general of hGH and other proteins is suggested as well.
- WO 99/03887 discloses, e.g., growth hormone modified by replacement serine at position 25 with a cysteine residue and attachment of PEG to the introduced cysteine residue.
- WO 00/42175 relates to a method for making proteins containing free cysteine residues for attachment of PEG.
- WO 00/42175 discloses the following muteins of hGH: T3C, S144C and T148C and the cysteine PEGylation thereof.
- WO 97/11178 (as well as US 5849535, US 6004931 , and US 6022711 ) relates to the use of GH variants as agonists or antagonists of hGH.
- WO 97/11178 also discloses PEGylation of hGH, including lysine PEGylation and the introduction or replacement of lysine (e.g. K168A and K172R).
- WO 9711178 also discloses the substitution G 120K.
- WO 03/044056 discloses a variety of PEGylated hGH species including a lysine branched 4OK PEG aldehyde hGH conjugate.
- US 2004/0127417 discloses lysine branched PEG butyraldehyde hGH conjugates.
- WO 04/46222, US 2005/0058620, JP 08-059818, JP 11 -228685, and JP 2000-001541 disclose polyalkylene glycol derivatives having a reactive group at the primary carbon at the 1 -position of a glycerol skeleton and having polyalkylene glycol chains at the 2- and 3-positions.
- Currently administration of rhGH is daily for a long period of time, and therefore a less frequent administration would be highly desirable.
- An hGH molecule with a longer circulation half-life would decrease the number of necessary administrations and potentially provide more optimal therapeutic hGH levels with concomitant enhanced therapeutic effect.
- the present invention provides PEG-hGH conjugates having a single PEG attached predominately at the N-terminal phenylalanine of hGH, which provides advantages over other PEG-hGH conjugates.
- hGH with nine lysines may have some molecules having ten PEGs attached, some with nine, some with eight, some with seven, some with six, some with five, some with four, some with three, some with two, some with one and some with zero. And, among the molecules with several, the PEG may not be attached at the same location on different molecules. This resulting heterogeneity is disadvantageous when developing a therapeutic product making conjugation, purification, and characterization difficult, costly, and highly irreproducible.
- Another approach (WO 00/42175) has been to use hGH variants containing free cysteine residues for attachment of PEG.
- the present invention relates to PEGylated hGH using a glycerol branched poly(ethylene glycol) moiety which may have at least one improved chemical or physiological property selected from but not limited to; decreased clearance rate, increased plasma residency duration, increased stability, improved solubility, and decreased antigenicity.
- the present invention has a number of aspects relating to chemically modifying hGH using a glycerol branched poly(ethylene glycol) moiety.
- the present invention may also have one or more improved properties compared to lysine based branched PEG human growth hormone conjugates including but not limited to: a) increased stability of the glycerol skeleton, b) increased receptor binding, c) decreased cost, d) increased N-terminal selectivity of attachment, e) increased solubility, f) decreased immunogenicity, g) increased stability of the conjugate, h) increased manufacturability, and i) decreased proteolysis.
- the present invention also relates to methods of producing the PEGylated hGH. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method of producing a PEGylated hGH using a glycerol branched PEG.
- the present invention also relates to compositions comprising the PEGylated hGH alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the PEGylated hGH of the present invention, alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, in the prevention and/or treatment of disorders and/or diseases in which GH treatment is useful.
- Figure 1 is a size exclusion HPLC tracing showing the elution profile of the purified monoPEGylated glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH reaction product on a TSK G4000PWXL column.
- Figure 2 is a HPLC tracing of tryptic map analysis of hGH and glycerol branched 43K
- PEG aldehyde hGH The top panel is the tryptic map of hGH.
- the lower panel is the tryptic map of glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH.
- T1 is the N-terminal tryptic fragment.
- Figure 3 shows the amino acid sequence of human growth hormone (SEQ ID NO:1).
- Figure 4 shows the glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH efficacy in an eleven-day
- Rat Weight Gain Assay Hypophysectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased at the age of 4-5 weeks (85-11 Og) from Harlan Labs. Upon entering animal facilities, the animals were maintained at a constant room temperature of 8O 0 F. After 3 days' acclimation, the rats were weighed daily for 4-10 days in order to establish basal growth rates. Starting at day 0, rats ( ⁇ 100g) in control groups then received one daily subcutaneous injection of -0.3 mg/kg hGH (A), or PBS vehicle ⁇ for eleven consecutive days.
- A mg/kg hGH
- the glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH test group (*) received single doses of 1.8 mg/kg of glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH on days 0 and 6. There were 6 animals per group. Plotted values represent average weight gain ⁇ SEM.
- Figure 5 shows eleven-day tibia growth in response to glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH. Animals were those treated in Figure 4. Animals were sacrificed after taking day 11 weights, the left tibias were X-rayed, and the bone length measured using a caliper. Average length +/- SEM is plotted. Asterisks denote significant differences from control group (P ⁇ 0.05). There were 6 animals per group.
- Figure 6 shows eleven-day blood urea nitrogen levels in response to glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH. Blood samples were taken from animals treated in Figure 4. Serum was prepared and urea nitrogen levels were measured. Average + SEM is plotted (6 animals per group). Asterisks denote significant differences from control group (P ⁇ 0.05).
- Figure 7 shows a six-day dose escalation efficacy study for glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH.
- This growth study was performed in a similar manner to that described in Figure 4 except that varied single doses of glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH were administered only on day 0 and the study was run for 6 days.
- Control groups received once-daily subcutaneous injections of either 0.3 mg/kg hGH ( ⁇ ) or PBS vehicle (o) for six consecutive days.
- the glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH test groups received a single dose of glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH on day 0.
- FIG. 8 shows serum IGF-1 levels for six-day efficacy study. Animals were treated as described in Figure 7. Blood samples were taken at the various times plotted and the serum IGF-1 levels determined by ELISA.
- Figure 9 shows the PK/PD assessment following single dose administration of glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH to hypophysectomized female rats.
- the present invention relates to glycerol branched polyethylene glycol-human growth hormone conjugates.
- the glycerol branched polyethylene glycol derivative has an aldehyde reactive group and optionally a linker between the polyethylene glycol and the reactive functional group at the primary carbon at the 1 -position of a glycerol skeleton and having polyalkylene glycol chains at the 2- and 3-positions as described in WO 04/46222 or US 2005/0058620 (incorporated by reference) to create hGH conjugates.
- the linker is not particularly limited as far as it is a covalent bond, but preferably includes an alkylene group and an alkylene group containing an ester bond, a urethane bond, an amide bond, an ether bond, a carbonate bond, or a secondary amino group.
- Preferable alkylene group includes a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a propylene group, an isopropylene group, a tetramethylene group, a butylene group, an isobutylene group, a pentam ethylene group, and a hexamethylene group.
- a specific embodiment of the present invention is a human growth hormone-PEG conjugate having the structure of the Formula:
- R is a human growth hormone polypeptide.
- n is between about 64 and about 72.
- the (CH 2 CH 2 O) n moiety has an average molecular weight between about 2.6 and about 3.5Kd, and particularly the average molecular weight is about 3Kd
- each (CH 2 CH 2 O) n moiety has an average molecular weight between about 17.6 and about 22Kd, and particularly the average molecular weight is about 20Kd.
- the (CH 2 CH 2 O) n moiety has an average molecular weight of about 3Kd and each (CH 2 CH 2 O) n , moiety has an average molecular weight of about 20Kd.
- the term "about" when used in connection with the molecular weight of a PEG moiety means that in preparations of polyethylene glycol, some molecules will weigh more, some less, than the stated molecular weight and the stated molecular weight refers to the average molecular weight. It is understood that there is some degree of polydispersity associated with polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol). It is preferable to use PEGs with low polydispersity. In a specific embodiment one of the terminal polymer hydroxyl end-groups is converted or capped with a methyl group. As used herein, the term “mPEG” refers to a PEG, which is capped at one end with a methyl group. The mPEG can be represented structurally as CH 3 O-(CH 2 CH 2 O) n -H
- human growth hormone polypeptide encompasses all hGH polypeptides, characterized by promoting growth in the growing phase and in maintaining normal body composition, anabolism, and lipid metabolism.
- hGH polypeptide refers to the hGH polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:1
- the hGH polypeptides of the present invention can be prepared in any suitable manner.
- hGH polypeptides and fragments thereof may be purified from natural sources, chemically synthesized, produced by recombinant techniques including in vitro translation techniques or expression in a recombinant cell able to express hGH cDNA, or a combination of these methods, using techniques known to those skilled in the art (See, for example, "Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, 1993” for a variety of methods for purifying proteins; Creighton, (1983) Proteins: Structures and Molecular Principles, W. H. Freeman & Co. 2nd Ed., T. E., New York; and Hunkapiller et al., (1984) Nature.
- polypeptides of the present invention are preferably provided in an isolated form, and may be partially or preferably substantially purified.
- a specific embodiment of the present invention is a human growth hormone-PEG conjugate wherein greater than 80%, more preferably 81%, more preferably 82%, more preferably 83%, more preferably 84%, more preferably 85%, more preferably 86%, more preferably 87%, more preferably 88%, more preferably 89%, more preferably 90%, more preferably 91%, more preferably 92%, more preferably 93%, more preferably 94%, more preferably 95%, more preferably 96%, more preferably 97, and more preferably 98% of the polyethylene glycol is conjugated to the amino-terminal phenylalanine of the human growth hormone of SEQ ID NO:1.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a substantially homogenous preparation of N-terminally PEGylated hGH optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or adjuvant, said preparation being essentially free of hGH PEGylated at sites other than the N-terminus.
- substantially homogenous preparation means a preparation where greater than 80%, more preferably 81%, more preferably 82%, more preferably 83%, more preferably 84%, more preferably 85%, more preferably 86%, more preferably 87%, more preferably 88%, more preferably 89%, more preferably 90%, more preferably 91 %, more preferably 92%, more preferably 93%, more preferably 94%, more preferably 95%, more preferably 96%, more preferably 97, and more preferably 98% is monoPEGylated.
- secondary amine linkages are formed between the N- terminal primary ⁇ - amino group of a hGH polypeptide and a glycerol branched chain PEG aldehyde by reductive alkylation as described in Chamow et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 5: 133-140 (1994), US Pat No. 4,002,531 , WO 90/05534, and US Pat. No 5,824,784 with a suitable reducing agent such as NaCNBH 3 , NaBH 3 , Pyridine Borane etc.
- a suitable reducing agent such as NaCNBH 3 , NaBH 3 , Pyridine Borane etc.
- the glycerol branched PEG aldehyde is incubated with an hGH polypeptide resulting in the addition of the PEG moiety to amino groups via Schiff's base formation. These linkages are converted to stable secondary amines by reduction with a reducing agent.
- the reductive alkylation process is depicted in the scheme below (from Chamow et al.).
- Conjugation reactions were historically carried out in solution with molar excess of polymer and without regard to where the polymer will attach to the protein. Such general techniques, however, have typically been proven inadequate for conjugating bioactive proteins to non-antigenic polymers while retaining sufficient bioactivity.
- One way to maintain the hGH bioactivity is to substantially avoid the conjugation of those hGH reactive groups associated with the receptor binding site(s) in the polymer coupling process.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a process of conjugating poly( ethylene glycol) to hGH maintaining high levels of retained activity.
- the chemical modification through a covalent bond may be performed under any suitable condition generally adopted in a reaction of a biologically active substance with the activated poly(ethylene glycol).
- the conjugation reaction is carried out under relatively mild conditions to avoid inactivating the hGH. Mild conditions include maintaining the pH of the reaction solution in the range of 3 to 10 and the reaction temperatures within the range of from about 0°-37°C.
- suitable buffers pH 4 to 10
- suitable buffers including phosphate, MES, citrate, acetate, succinate or HEPES, for 1-48 hrs at 4° -37 0 C.
- the activated poly(ethylene glycol) may be used in about 0.01-100 times, preferably about 0.01-2.5 times, the molar amount of the number of free amino groups of hGH.
- reaction conditions described herein can result in significant amounts of unmodified hGH, the unmodified hGH can be readily recycled into future batches for additional conjugation reactions.
- the processes of the present invention generate surprisingly very little, i.e. less than about 20% and more preferably, less than about 10%, of high molecular weight species and species containing more than one polymer strand per hGH.
- These reaction conditions are to be contrasted with those typically used for polymeric conjugation reactions wherein the activated polymer is present in several-fold molar excesses with respect to the target.
- the conjugation reactions of the present invention initially provide a reaction mixture or pool containing mono- PEG-hGH conjugates, unreacted hGH, unreacted polymer, and less than about 20% high molecular weight species.
- the high molecular weight species include conjugates containing more than one polymer strand and/or polymerized PEG-hGH species. After the unreacted species and high molecular weight species have been removed, compositions containing primarily mono- PEGylated-hGH conjugates are recovered. Given the fact that the conjugates for the most part include a single polymer strand, the conjugates are substantially homogeneous.
- modified hGH have at least about 0.1% of the in vitro biological activity associated with the native or unmodified hGH as measured using standard FDC-P1 cell proliferation assays, (Clark et al. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 :21969-21977, 1996), receptor binding assay (US 5,057,417), or hypophysectomized rat growth (Clark et al. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 :21969-21977, 1996).
- the modified hGH have about 25% of the in vitro biological activity, more preferably, the modified hGH have about 50% of the in vitro biological activity, more preferably, the modified hGH have about 75% of the in vitro biological activity, and most preferably the modified hGH have equivalent or improved in vitro biological activity.
- the processes of the present invention preferably include rather limited ratios of polymer to hGH.
- the hGH conjugates have been found to be predominantly limited to species containing only one strand of polymer.
- the attachment of the polymer to the hGH reactive groups is substantially less random than when higher molar excesses of polymer linker are used.
- the unmodified hGH present in the reaction pool, after the conjugation reaction has been quenched, can be recycled into future reactions using ion exchange or size exclusion chromatography or similar separation techniques.
- a poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH may be purified from a reaction mixture by conventional methods which are used for purification of proteins, such as dialysis, salting-out, ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), gel chromatography and electrophoresis. Ion-exchange chromatography is particularly effective in removing unreacted poly(ethylene glycol) and hGH.
- the mono PEGylated-hGH species is isolated from the reaction mixture to remove high, molecular weight species, and unmodified hGH.
- Separation is effected by placing the mixed species in a buffer solution containing from about 0.5-10 mg/mL of the hGH-polymer conjugates.
- Suitable solutions have a pH from about 4 to about 10.
- the solutions preferably contain one or more buffer salts selected from KCI, NaCI, K 2 HPO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , NaH 2 PO 4 , NaHCO 3 , NaBO 4 , CH 3 CO 2 H, and NaOH.
- the hGH polymer conjugate solution may first have to undergo buffer exchange/ultrafiltration to remove any unreacted polymer.
- the PEG- hGH conjugate solution can be ultrafiltered across a low molecular weight cut-off (10,000 to 30,000 Dalton) membrane to remove most unwanted materials such as unreacted polymer, surfactants, if present, or the like.
- the fractionation of the conjugates into a pool containing the desired species is preferably carried out using an ion exchange chromatography medium.
- Such media are capable of selectively binding PEG-hGH conjugates via differences in charge, which vary in a somewhat predictable fashion.
- the surface charge of hGH is determined by the number of available charged groups on the surface of the protein. These charged groups typically serve as the point of potential attachment of poly(alkylene oxide) polymers. Therefore, hGH conjugates will have a different charge from the other species to allow selective isolation.
- Strongly polar anion or cation exchange resins such as quaternary amine or sulfopropyl resins, respectively, are used for the method of the present invention.
- Anion exchange resins are especially preferred.
- a non-limiting list of included commercially available cation exchange resins suitable for use with the present invention are SP-hitrap®, SP Sepharose HP® and SP Sepharose® fast flow. Other suitable cation exchange resins e.g. S, and CM resins can also be used.
- a non- limiting list of anion exchange resins, including commercially available anion exchange resins, suitable for use with the present invention are Q-hitrap®, Q Sepharose HP®, and Q sepharose® fasHlow.
- the anion or cation exchange resin is preferably packed in a column and equilibrated by conventional means.
- a buffer having the same pH and osmolality as the polymer conjugated hGH solution is used.
- the elution buffer preferably contains one or more salts selected from KCI, NaCI, K 2 HPO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , NaH 2 PO 4 , NaHCO 3 , NaBO 4 , and (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 .
- the conjugate-containing solution is then adsorbed onto the column with unreacted polymer and some high molecular weight species not being retained.
- a gradient flow of an elution buffer with increasing salt concentrations is applied to the column to elute the desired fraction of polyalkylene oxide-conjugated hGH.
- the eluted pooled fractions are preferably limited to uniform polymer conjugates after the cation or anion exchange separation step. Any unconjugated hGH species can then be back washed from the column by conventional techniques. If desired, mono and multiply pegylated hGH species can be further separated from each other via additional ion exchange chromatography or size exclusion chromatography.
- the temperature range for elutio ⁇ is between about 4°C and about 25°C.
- elution is carried out at a temperature of from about 4°C to about 22°C.
- the elution of the PEG-hGH fraction is detected by UV absorbance at 280 nm. Fraction collection may be achieved through simple time elution profiles.
- a surfactant can be used in the processes of conjugating the poly( ethylene glycol) polymer with the hGH moiety.
- Suitable surfactants include ionic-type agents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Other ionic surfactants such as lithium dodecyl sulfate, quaternary ammonium compounds, taurocholic acid, caprylic acid, decane sulfonic acid, etc. can also be used.
- Non-ionic surfactants can also be used.
- materials such as poly(oxyethylene) sorbitans (Tweens), poly(oxyethylene) ethers (Tritons) can be used.
- the only limitations on the surfactants used in the processes of the invention are that they are used under conditions and at concentrations that do not cause substantial irreversible denaturation of the hGH and do not completely inhibit polymer conjugation.
- the surfactants are present in the reaction mixtures in amounts from about 0.01-0.5%; preferably from 0.05-0.5%; and most preferably from about 0.075- 0.25%. Mixtures of the surfactants are also contemplated.
- surfactants provide a temporary, reversible protecting system during the polymer conjugation process. Surfactants have been shown to be effective in selectively discouraging polymer conjugation while allowing lysine-based or amino terminal-based conjugation to proceed.
- the present poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH has a more enduring pharmacological effect, which may be possibly attributed to its prolonged half-life in vivo.
- Another embodiment of the invention relates to methods for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease or disorder in which use of GH, preferably hGH is beneficial, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a poly(ethylene glycol)- modified hGH of the invention or agonist variant thereof, alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent.
- the invention also relate to the use of a poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH of the invention or agonist variant thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease or disorder in which use of GH, preferably hGH is beneficial.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH of the invention or agonist variant thereof for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease or disorder in which use of GH, preferably hGH is beneficial.
- GFD growth hormone deficiency
- aGHD adult growth hormone deficiency
- Turner's syndrome growth failure in children who were born short for gestational age
- PWS Prader-Willi syndrome
- CRI chronic renal insufficiency
- Aids wasting Aging, end-stage Renal Failure
- Cystic Fibrosis Erectile dysfunction
- HIV lipodystrophy Fibromyalgia
- Osteoporosis Memory disorders
- Depression Crohn's disease
- Skeletal dysplasias Traumatic brain injury, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Noonan's syndrome, Down's syndrome, Idiopathic short stature (ISS), End stage renal disease (ESRD), Very low birth weight (VLBW)
- Bone marrow stem cell rescue Metabolic syndrome
- Glucocorticoid myopathy Short stature due to glucocorticoid
- the poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH of the invention or agonist variants thereof are used in the prevention and/or treatment of a disorders or diseases selected from the group consisting of GHD, aGHD, SGA, PWS, Turner's syndrome and CRI.
- the poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH of the invention or agonist variants thereof are used in the prevention and/or treatment of a disorders or diseases selected from the group consisting of idiopathic short stature, very low birth weight, traumatic brain injury, metabolic syndrome, and Noonan's syndrome.
- compositions comprising a poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH of the invention alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
- the present poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH may then be formulated into pharmaceuticals containing also a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, an agent for preparing an isotonic solution, a pH-conditioner and the like in order to administer them into a patient.
- the above pharmaceuticals may be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, pulmonary, intradermal ⁇ , or orally, depending on a purpose of treatment.
- a dose may be also based on the kind and condition of the disorder of a patient to be treated, being normally between 0.1 mg and 5 mg by injection and between 0.1 mg and 50 mg in an oral administration for an adult.
- the poly(ethylene glycol)-modified hGH or agonist variants thereof of the present invention may be used in combination with another therapeutic agent.
- the terms "co-administration”, “co-administered” and “in combination with”, referring to the compounds A and one or more other therapeutic agents is intended to mean, and does refer to and include the following : o simultaneous administration of such combination of A and therapeutic agent(s) to a patient in need of treatment, when such components are formulated together into a single dosage form which releases said components at substantially the same time to said patient; o substantially simultaneous administration of such combination of A and therapeutic agent(s) to a patient in need of treatment, when such components are formulated apart from each other into separate dosage forms which are taken at substantially the same time by said patient, whereupon said components are released at substantially the same time to said patient; o sequential administration of such combination of A and therapeutic agent(s) to a patient in need of treatment, when such components are formulated apart from each other into separate dosage forms which are
- Suitable examples of other therapeutic agents which may be used in combination with A, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or their derived forms include, but are by no mean limited to: aromatase inhibitors such as exemestane, formestane, atamestane, fadrozole, letrozole, vorozole and anastrozole; free fatty acid regulators including fibric acid derivatives (such as fenofibrate, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate and ciprofibrate) and nicotinic acid derivatives such as acipimox; insulin sensitizing agents including but not limited to biguanides such as metformin, PPAR gamma insulin sensitizing agents and thiazolodeniones such as troglitazone and rosiglitazone Troglitazone, 5- [[4-[3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-]-benz
- I PPAR agonists under development include: Reglitazar (JTT 501 , PNU 182716, PNU 716) (Chemical Name: lsoxazolidien-3, 5-dione, i 4-[[4-(2-phenyl-5-methyl)-1 ,3-oxazolyl]ethoxyphenyl-4] methyl-, (4RS)); I(RP 297, Chemical Name: 10 5-(2,4-DioXothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-2-methoxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl) benzylbenzamide; R 119702 (Cl 1037, CS 011) ChemicalName: (/-)-5-[4-(5-Methoxy- 1 H benzimidazol-2- ylmethoxy)benzyl] thiazolin-2,4-dione; hydrochloride; 15 DRF 2189, Chemical Name: 5-[[4-[2-(1- lndolyl)ethoxy
- Patent 4,411 ,890 antagonists of gonadotropin releasing hormone such as those described in WO0170228, WO0170227, WO0170228, WO0069433, WO0004013, W0995156, WO9951595, WO9951231-4, WO9941251-2, WO9921557, WO9921553 and 6-AZAI NDOLE COMPOUNDS as described in WO0053602, WO0053185, WO0053181 , WO0053180, WO0053179, WO0053178, US6288078; IGF- 1 secretagogues; insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF- 2 or somatomedin A) and IGF-2 secretagogues; myostatin antagonists and compounds which inhibit fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) tyrosine kinase.
- gonadotropin releasing hormone such as those described in WO0170228, WO0170227, WO0170228, WO
- the polymeric substances included are also preferably water-soluble at room temperature.
- a non-limiting list of such polymers include poly(alkylene oxide) homopolymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(propylene glycols), poly(oxyethylenated polyols), copolymers thereof and block copolymers thereof, provided that the water solubility of the block copolymers is maintained.
- PEG-based polymers effectively non-antigenic materials such as dextran, polyvinyl pyrrolidones), poly(acrylamides), polyvinyl alcohols), carbohydrate-based polymers, and the like can be used.
- hGH is that of SEQ ID NO:1. It is understood that other hGH polypeptides could also be PEGylated in a similar manner as exemplified in the subsequent examples.
- (CH 2 CH 2 O) n has an average molecular weight of about 3Kd and each (CH 2 CH 2 O) m has an average molecular weight of about 20Kd
- This example demonstrates generation of N-terminally monoPEGylated hGH by reductive alkylation.
- the glycerol branched PEG aldehyde reagent of approximately 43,000 MW (GL3-400AL2 NOF corporation) was coupled via reductive alkylation to the N-terminus of hGH by taking advantage of the difference in the relative pK a value of the primary amine at the N-terminus versus pK a values of primary amines at the ⁇ -amino position of lysine residues.
- hGH protein dissolved at 4, 7, or 10 mg/mL in 25 mM MES (Sigma Chemical, St.
- Table 1 shows the percent of multi-PEGylated species, mono-PEGylated conjugate, un- reacted hGH, and final purification yield for glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH reacted for 63 hrs at a pH of 5.8 and a 1.5:1 :1 molar ratio.
- the PEG hGH species were purified from the reaction mixture to >95% (SEC analysis Figure 1) using a single anion exchange chromatography step. Mono-PEGylated hGH was purified from unmodified hGH and multi-PEGylated hGH species using anion exchange chromatography.
- a typical glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH reaction mixture (80 or 1500 mg protein), as described above, was purified on a Q-Sepharose Hitrap column (5 ml_)(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) or Q-Sepharose column (26/20, 70 ml_ bed volume)(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) equilibrated in 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.3 (Buffer A).
- the reaction mixture was diluted 7X with buffer A and loaded onto the column at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min.
- the column was washed with 3-10 column volumes of buffer A.
- the various hGH species were eluted from the column in 20 column volumes of Buffer A and a linear NaCI gradient of 0-100 mM.
- the eluant was monitored by absorbance at 280 nm (A 2 ⁇ o) and appropriate size fractions were collected.
- Fractions were pooled as to extent of PEGylation, e.g., mono, di, tri etc. (as assessed in example 3).
- the pool was then concentrated to 0.5-5 mg/mL in a Centriprep YM10 concentrator (Amicon, Technology Corporation, Northborough, MA) or by diafiltration. Protein concentration of pool was determined by A 280 using an extinction coefficient of 0.78.
- the purified PEGylated hGH pools were characterized by non-reducing SDS-PAGE, non- denaturing Size Exclusion Chromatography, and peptide mapping. Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography (SEC-HPLC)
- PEGylation greatly increases the hydrodynamic volume of the protein resulting in a shift to an earlier retention time.
- New species were observed in the PEG aldehyde hGH reaction mixtures along with unmodified hGH.
- These PEGylated and non-PEGylated species were separated on Q-Sepharose chromatography, and the resultant purified mono PEG-Aldehyde hGH species were subsequently shown to elute as a single peak on non-denaturing SEC (> 95% purity, Figure 1).
- the Q-Sepharose chromatography step effectively removed free PEG, hGH, and multi PEGylated hGH species from the mono-PEGylated hGH.
- SDS-PAGE was used to assess the reaction of glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde with hGH and the purified final products. SDS-PAGE was carried out on 1 mm thick 10-NuPAGE gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) under reducing and non-reducing conditions and stained using a Novex Colloidal CoomassieTM G-250 staining kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA.
- Tryptic digests were performed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and typically 25 ug of material was used per digest. Trypsin was added such that the trypsin to PEG-hGH ratio was 1:30
- Tris buffer was present at 30 mM, pH 7.5. Samples were incubated at room temperature for
- Peaks were detected using a Waters 996 PDA detector collecting data between 210 and
- T- 1 Tryptic maps were performed for hGH, and glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde reacted at a molar ratio of 2:1 (PEG:hGH), ( Figure 2).
- the N-terminal tryptic fragment was referred to as T- 1.
- the percent of T- 1 present compared to unPEGylated hGH suggests that greater than 99% of the
- PEG modification is at the N-terminus with remainder apparently linked to one of several possible lysine residues.
- k a expressed as per M per second
- k d expressed as per second both are an average value of at least 3 measurements on 1 chip + standard deviation. The data assumes to measure hGH binding to the high affinity site 1 on GHBP at 1 :1 ratio.
- BW body weight
- hGH human growth hormone
- Values in parenthesis represent change from Day 0 in mean ⁇ SEM.
- hGH and glycerol branched 43K PEG aldehyde hGH protein concentration levels in rat plasma were determined using the hGH AutoDELFIA kit fluorescence immunoassay (Perkin-Elmer). Table 5.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US60594504P | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | |
PCT/IB2005/002939 WO2006024953A2 (fr) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-25 | Conjugues d'hormone de croissance humaine polyethylene glycol ramifie, processus de preparation et procedes d'utilisation de ces conjugues |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1789092A2 true EP1789092A2 (fr) | 2007-05-30 |
Family
ID=35708806
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05784225A Withdrawn EP1789092A2 (fr) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-25 | Conjugués de l'hormone de croissance humaine avec du polyéthylèneglycol ramifié à l'aide de glycérol, procédé de sa préparation, et méthode de son utilisation. |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1789092A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2008511610A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20070042567A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101010105A (fr) |
AP (1) | AP2007003919A0 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR050851A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2005278903A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0515118A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2577999A1 (fr) |
CR (1) | CR8942A (fr) |
EA (1) | EA200700380A1 (fr) |
EC (1) | ECSP077281A (fr) |
GT (1) | GT200500235A (fr) |
IL (1) | IL181085A0 (fr) |
MA (1) | MA28908B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2007002441A (fr) |
NL (1) | NL1029828C2 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20071322L (fr) |
PE (1) | PE20060654A1 (fr) |
TN (1) | TNSN07078A1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW200621291A (fr) |
UY (1) | UY29088A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006024953A2 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200701802B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69838552T2 (de) | 1997-07-14 | 2008-05-21 | Bolder Biotechnology, Inc., Louisville | Derivate des wachstumshormons und verwandte proteine |
US7495087B2 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 2009-02-24 | Bolder Biotechnology, Inc. | Cysteine muteins in the C-D loop of human interleukin-11 |
JP2002534119A (ja) | 1999-01-14 | 2002-10-15 | ボルダー バイオテクノロジー, インコーポレイテッド | 自由システイン残基を有するタンパク質の生産方法 |
US7855279B2 (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2010-12-21 | Amunix Operating, Inc. | Unstructured recombinant polymers and uses thereof |
EP1834963A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-19 | Siegfried Ltd. | Conjugues de proteines et de dipolymeres et leurs procedes de preparation |
US20090117077A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2009-05-07 | Dong-A Pharm. Co., Ltd. | Polyethylene glycol-interferon alpha conjugate |
JP2008069073A (ja) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-03-27 | Yokohama Tlo Co Ltd | ラクトフェリン複合体及びその製造方法 |
KR101079993B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-17 | 2011-11-04 | 동아제약주식회사 | 폴리에틸렌글리콜 과립구 콜로니 자극인자 접합체 |
CL2008002399A1 (es) | 2007-08-16 | 2009-01-02 | Pharmaessentia Corp | Conjugado sustancialmente puro que posee una porcion polimerica, una porcion proteica (interferon alfa 2b) y un ligante alifatico de 1 a 10 atomos de carbono, util en el tratamiento de las hepatitis b o c. |
WO2010011096A2 (fr) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Complexe de polypeptide comprenant un polymère non-peptidylique ayant trois extrémités fonctionnelles |
MY156568A (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2016-03-15 | Pharmaessentia Corp | Peptide-polymer conjugates |
SI2340271T1 (sl) * | 2008-10-10 | 2019-08-30 | Polyactiva Pty Ltd. | Konjugati polimer-bioaktivnega sredstva |
US8535655B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2013-09-17 | Polyactiva Pty Ltd. | Biodegradable polymer—bioactive moiety conjugates |
CA2739078C (fr) * | 2008-10-10 | 2017-01-03 | The Bionic Ear Institute | Conjugues polymere biodegradable - fractions bioactives |
US8680050B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 | 2014-03-25 | Amunix Operating Inc. | Growth hormone polypeptides fused to extended recombinant polypeptides and methods of making and using same |
US8703717B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 | 2014-04-22 | Amunix Operating Inc. | Growth hormone polypeptides and methods of making and using same |
DK2393828T3 (en) | 2009-02-03 | 2017-01-23 | Amunix Operating Inc | Extended recombinant polypeptides and compositions comprising same |
US9849188B2 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2017-12-26 | Amunix Operating Inc. | Growth hormone polypeptides and methods of making and using same |
CN102612376A (zh) | 2009-08-06 | 2012-07-25 | 诺沃-诺迪斯克保健股份有限公司 | 具有延长的体内功效的生长激素 |
CN101831067A (zh) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-15 | 王二新 | 聚乙二醇脂类缀合物及其在制备药物中的应用 |
EP2446898A1 (fr) | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-02 | Laboratorios Del. Dr. Esteve, S.A. | Utilisation de l'hormone de croissance pour améliorer la réponse immunitaire chez des patients immunodéprimés |
CN102367290B (zh) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-05-08 | 厦门赛诺邦格生物科技有限公司 | 链官能化的多级支化聚乙二醇及其合成方法 |
WO2014110867A1 (fr) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-24 | 厦门赛诺邦格生物科技有限公司 | Polyéthylèneglycol ramifié monofonctionnel et substance de type biologique modifiée par celui-ci |
CN104877127B (zh) | 2015-06-23 | 2017-11-10 | 厦门赛诺邦格生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种八臂聚乙二醇衍生物、制备方法及其修饰的生物相关物质 |
EA037151B1 (ru) | 2014-11-06 | 2021-02-11 | Фармаэссентия Корпорейшн | Способ лечения с использованием пегилированного интерферона |
CN111727063A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-09-29 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | 用于提供聚乙二醇化蛋白质组合物的方法 |
JP7137625B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-29 | 2022-09-14 | エフ.ホフマン-ラ ロシュ アーゲー | Peg化タンパク質組成物を提供するための方法 |
ES2905105T3 (es) | 2017-12-29 | 2022-04-07 | Hoffmann La Roche | Procedimiento para proporcionar una composición de proteína PEGilada |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2147192A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-01-25 | Genentech Inc. | Method of stimulating immune response using growth hormone |
JP3092531B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-05 | 2000-09-25 | 日本油脂株式会社 | コハク酸イミジル基置換ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の製造方法 |
DE69838552T2 (de) * | 1997-07-14 | 2008-05-21 | Bolder Biotechnology, Inc., Louisville | Derivate des wachstumshormons und verwandte proteine |
JP3921781B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-12 | 2007-05-30 | 日本油脂株式会社 | カルボキシル基含有ポリオキシアルキレン化合物 |
JP2002534119A (ja) * | 1999-01-14 | 2002-10-15 | ボルダー バイオテクノロジー, インコーポレイテッド | 自由システイン残基を有するタンパク質の生産方法 |
JP2005525302A (ja) * | 2001-11-20 | 2005-08-25 | ファルマシア・コーポレーション | 化学的に修飾されたヒト成長ホルモンコンジュゲート |
BR0314172A (pt) * | 2002-09-09 | 2005-07-26 | Nektar Therapeutics Al Corp | Polìmero solúvel em água, composição, forma de hidrato ou acetal, composto,composição, usos do composto e do conjugado, e, processo para preparar o conjugado |
JP4412461B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-20 | 2010-02-10 | 日油株式会社 | 修飾された生体関連物質、その製造方法および中間体 |
MXPA05007165A (es) * | 2002-12-31 | 2005-09-21 | Nektar Therapeutics Al Corp | Reactivos polimericos que comprnden una cetona o un grupo funcional relacionado. |
EA011351B1 (ru) * | 2003-05-23 | 2009-02-27 | Нектар Терапеутикс Ал, Корпорейшн | Полимерные реагенты, способы их получения, а также содержащие их конъюгаты и фармацевтические препараты |
-
2005
- 2005-08-25 WO PCT/IB2005/002939 patent/WO2006024953A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-08-25 CN CNA2005800291171A patent/CN101010105A/zh active Pending
- 2005-08-25 MX MX2007002441A patent/MX2007002441A/es unknown
- 2005-08-25 JP JP2007529040A patent/JP2008511610A/ja active Pending
- 2005-08-25 AP AP2007003919A patent/AP2007003919A0/xx unknown
- 2005-08-25 CA CA002577999A patent/CA2577999A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-25 EA EA200700380A patent/EA200700380A1/ru unknown
- 2005-08-25 AU AU2005278903A patent/AU2005278903A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-25 KR KR1020077004912A patent/KR20070042567A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-08-25 BR BRPI0515118-0A patent/BRPI0515118A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-08-25 EP EP05784225A patent/EP1789092A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-26 PE PE2005000991A patent/PE20060654A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-08-29 UY UY29088A patent/UY29088A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-08-29 AR ARP050103612A patent/AR050851A1/es unknown
- 2005-08-30 NL NL1029828A patent/NL1029828C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-08-30 GT GT200500235A patent/GT200500235A/es unknown
- 2005-08-30 TW TW094129583A patent/TW200621291A/zh unknown
-
2007
- 2007-01-31 IL IL181085A patent/IL181085A0/en unknown
- 2007-02-26 CR CR8942A patent/CR8942A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-02-27 TN TNP2007000078A patent/TNSN07078A1/fr unknown
- 2007-02-27 EC EC2007007281A patent/ECSP077281A/es unknown
- 2007-02-28 ZA ZA200701802A patent/ZA200701802B/xx unknown
- 2007-02-28 MA MA29724A patent/MA28908B1/fr unknown
- 2007-03-09 NO NO20071322A patent/NO20071322L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006024953A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ECSP077281A (es) | 2007-03-29 |
NO20071322L (no) | 2007-05-29 |
EA200700380A1 (ru) | 2007-10-26 |
WO2006024953A3 (fr) | 2007-01-18 |
NL1029828A1 (nl) | 2006-03-01 |
PE20060654A1 (es) | 2006-08-12 |
MX2007002441A (es) | 2007-05-04 |
TW200621291A (en) | 2006-07-01 |
CN101010105A (zh) | 2007-08-01 |
NL1029828C2 (nl) | 2006-10-20 |
BRPI0515118A (pt) | 2008-07-01 |
UY29088A1 (es) | 2006-03-31 |
CR8942A (es) | 2007-08-16 |
IL181085A0 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
AP2007003919A0 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
MA28908B1 (fr) | 2007-10-01 |
AU2005278903A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
ZA200701802B (en) | 2008-08-27 |
KR20070042567A (ko) | 2007-04-23 |
WO2006024953A2 (fr) | 2006-03-09 |
GT200500235A (es) | 2006-03-21 |
CA2577999A1 (fr) | 2006-03-09 |
AR050851A1 (es) | 2006-11-29 |
JP2008511610A (ja) | 2008-04-17 |
TNSN07078A1 (fr) | 2008-06-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1715887B1 (fr) | Conjugues de l'hormone de croissance humaine monopegyles sur le plan n-terminal, procede de preparation et l'utilisation desdits conjugues | |
NL1029828C2 (nl) | Conjugaten van glycerol-vertakt polyethyleenglycol en menselijk groeihormoon, werkwijzen voor de bereiding daarvan en werkwijzen voor gebruik daarvan. | |
AU2002356990A1 (en) | Chemically-modified human growth hormone conjugates | |
NL1032282C2 (nl) | N-terminaal monogepegyleerde conjugaten van humaan groeihormoon en werkwijze voor de bereiding daarvan. | |
US20030171285A1 (en) | Chemically-modified human growth hormone conjugates | |
US20040038892A1 (en) | Chemically-modified human growth hormone conjugates | |
Finn | PEGylation of human growth hormone: strategies and properties | |
MXPA06008888A (en) | N-terminally monopegylated human growth hormone conjugates, process for their preparation, and methods of use thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20070718 |
|
RAX | Requested extension states of the european patent have changed |
Extension state: YU Payment date: 20070718 Extension state: MK Payment date: 20070718 Extension state: HR Payment date: 20070718 Extension state: BA Payment date: 20070718 Extension state: AL Payment date: 20070718 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20090303 |