EP1786447A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer ingwer-fraktion und deren verwendung zur inhibierung humaner cyp enzyme - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung einer ingwer-fraktion und deren verwendung zur inhibierung humaner cyp enzymeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1786447A2 EP1786447A2 EP05776543A EP05776543A EP1786447A2 EP 1786447 A2 EP1786447 A2 EP 1786447A2 EP 05776543 A EP05776543 A EP 05776543A EP 05776543 A EP05776543 A EP 05776543A EP 1786447 A2 EP1786447 A2 EP 1786447A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cytochrome
- enzymes
- compound
- diastereomers
- enantiomers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126701 oral medication Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-XGKFQTDJSA-N ritonavir Chemical compound N([C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1SC=NC=1)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N(C)CC1=CSC(C(C)C)=N1 NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-XGKFQTDJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000311 ritonavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930004725 sesquiterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004354 sesquiterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010068815 steroid hormone 7-alpha-hydroxylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008337 systemic blood flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000351 terfenadine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001841 zingiber officinale Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKOXKGNSUHTUBV-LSDHHAIUSA-N zingiberene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@H](C)[C@H]1CC=C(C)C=C1 KKOXKGNSUHTUBV-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/906—Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
- A61K36/9068—Zingiber, e.g. garden ginger
Definitions
- the present invention is a process for producing a ginger fraction, the fraction produced by this process and their use alone or in combination with drugs for inhibiting human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (especially cytochrome P450 3A4, CYP3A4) to positively influence the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of active substances.
- CYP cytochrome P450
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a central role in drug metabolism. They are found mainly in the liver, but also in the intestinal wall, lungs, kidneys and other extrahepatic organs. Orally-dosed active ingredients may show only poor bioavailability due to the so-called "first-pass effect", for example those active substances which are susceptible to metabolism in the intestinal wall or the liver before the systemic blood circulation is reached. If the first-pass metabolism is inhibited, a marked increase in the bioavailability of orally dosed drugs can be achieved (Gibbs, Megan A. and Hosea, Natalie A .: Factors affecting the clinical development of cytochrome P450 3A substrates; Clin. Pharmacokinet 2003, 42 (11), 969-984). Many examples of drug-drug interactions that result in a higher bioavailability than the drug administered are based on such effects. Here, the first-pass metabolism of the drug is inhibited by another co-administered drug.
- the variability of the bioavailability which according to experience increases with decreasing absolute bioavailability, can be significantly reduced.
- the bioavailability of the therapeutic success of oral drug therapy is significantly improved because it is less likely to occur too high (risk of unwanted side effects) or far too low (risk of treatment failure) drug exposure.
- Such effects may provide several benefits in drug therapy.
- the HIV drug lopinavir shows inadequate bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism by CYP3A4.
- ritonavir which is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4
- significantly higher oral bioavailability of lopinavir is achieved.
- Ginger is a common food ingredient in much of the world and is also used as a phyto-medicated for various purposes.
- the powder of ginger root is available as a means of preventing seasickness. It contains about 5 to 8% of a viscous balsam (oleoresin), which contains a non-steam-volatile pungent fraction and a volatile volatile oil fraction.
- the pale yellow essential oil occupies about 20 to 25% of the oleoresin.
- the composition of the essential oil is subject to strong fluctuations. It contains as main component sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of the bisabolone type, in particular (-) - ⁇ -zingiberene in addition to (-) - ⁇ -sesquiphellandrene, (-) - ⁇ -bisabolene, (+) - ar-curcumen and the acyclic ⁇ -farnesene (Deutsche maschinerzeitung 1997, 137 (47), 40-46).
- the main component of the sharp fraction with a share of about 25% of the oleoresin is the homologous series of gingerols (HagerROM 2002: Zingiberis rhizoma, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg).
- the fraction obtained here is poorly soluble in hexane and differs by this property from the fraction of the essential oil, for the already inhibition of CYP3A4 has been shown (US 5,665,386).
- the process according to the invention starts from a commercially available oleoresin and comprises several extraction steps with organic and aqueous solvents.
- a first subject of the present invention is thus a process for the isolation of a ginger fraction with separation of the essential oil, comprising the steps
- the residue thus obtained is further purified by a process comprising the steps
- step (d) concentrating the combined supernatants from step (c).
- the fraction obtained in step (d) may be dissolved in an alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol, and optionally further fractionated, for example by means of solid phase extraction and stepwise elution.
- an alcohol preferably methanol or ethanol
- nonpolar organic solvents for use in step (a) are low-boiling alkane solvents such as hexane, heptane, octane, pentane or cyclohexane, petrochemical distillates, fuels and solvents such as, for example, gasoline, kerosene, petroleum ether, petroleum and other low-boiling, Volatile and non-polar solvents such as diethyl ether, ferric butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, xylene, with hexane is preferably used.
- alkane solvents such as hexane, heptane, octane, pentane or cyclohexane
- fuels and solvents such as, for example, gasoline, kerosene, petroleum ether, petroleum and other low-boiling
- Volatile and non-polar solvents such as diethyl
- the alcohol used in steps (c) and (e) may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and other positionally isomeric butanols, n-pentanol and other positionally isomeric pentanols and may be the same or be different.
- methanol is used.
- the extractant is used in each case in amounts of 4 to 10 ml / g, preferably 4 to 7 ml / g, of the oleoresin used.
- the aqueous extractions are preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C., more preferably 65 to 75 ° C.
- extractions with suitable aqueous organic acids or instead of a liquid-liquid extraction can also be used with organic solvents and solid phase extractions are used with suitable non-polar sorbents.
- steps (a), (b) and (c) can be carried out one or more times, the phase comprising the desired product being combined from the various extractions of one working step.
- the extraction of each operation is performed three times and the phases containing the product are combined.
- the combined phases are then processed further.
- a second subject of the present invention is the ginger fraction according to the invention, obtainable by one of the processes according to the invention.
- n is the number 1, 2 or 3
- R 1 is H, CH 3 ,
- R 2 is H, CH 3 ,
- R 3 is H, OH, OCH 3 ,
- R 4 is H, O, OH, OCH 3 , OC (O) CH 3 and
- R 5 is H, O, OH, OCH 3 , OC (O) CH 3 ,
- the compounds of the general formulas I to VI were identified from the ginger fraction obtained according to the invention. To further characterize this ginger fraction and elucidate its ingredients, it was further suitably purified with the goal of isolating purified fractions of individual ingredients.
- the ginger fraction obtained according to the invention was further purified by solid phase extraction on a C18 phase.
- the eluent of the solid phase extraction was brought to dryness and further analyzed by means of semipreparative high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- HPLC semipreparative high pressure liquid chromatography
- smaller aliquots of 5 to 10 mg were injected into the semipreparative HPLC system.
- the eluent of the HPLC column was then collected in 60 to 65 individual fractions and each of the resulting fractions was examined for their inhibitory effect on various P450 test reactions. The result of these investigations showed clearly demarcated zones (peaks) of higher inhibitory potency.
- the compounds (1) to (12) identified according to the invention are the typical ingredients of the ginger nonvolatile pungent fraction already sufficiently described in the literature.
- a well-known main ingredient of ginger the [8] -gingerol (12), and [6] -shogaol (9), the decomposition product of the quantitatively largest main ingredient [6] -gingerol , found.
- a third aspect of the present invention is the use of the ginger fraction according to the invention and one or more of the compounds of the general formulas (I) to (VI) isolated therefrom for the production of a medicament for inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes, in particular cytochrome P450 3A4, 1A2, 2C19 and 2C9.
- the cytochromes P450 1A2, P450 2C19 and P450 2C9 are inhibited.
- a fourth object of the present invention is the use of one or more compounds of the general formulas
- n is the number 1, 2 or 3
- R 1 is H, CH 3 ,
- R 3 is H, OH, OCH 3 ,
- R 4 is H, O, OH, OCH 3 , OC (O) CH 3 and
- R 5 is H, O, OH is 1 OCH 3 , OC (O) CH 3 ,
- a fifth subject of the present invention is the use of the ginger fraction according to the invention and one or more of the compounds of the general formulas (I) to (VI) isolated therefrom in combination with a medicament for the production of a medicament for inhibiting human cytochrome P450 (CYP ) Enzymes, in particular cytochrome P450 3A4, 1A2, 2C19 and 2C9, for positively influencing the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of active substances. More preferably, the cytochromes P450 1A2, 2C19 and 2C9 are inhibited.
- CYP human cytochrome P450
- the above-mentioned active substances ie the pharmacologically active constituents of medicaments
- pharmaceuticals means substances and preparations of substances which are intended, by application on or in the human or animal body, to heal, alleviate, prevent or treat diseases, ailments, physical injuries or pathological complaints detect;
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are enzymes from the family of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that are known to be involved in the metabolism of drugs. In particular, these are all P450 enzymes of the families CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2E, CYP2F, CYP2J, CYP3A, CYP4A.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention comprises a process for the preparation of a medicament for increasing the bioavailability of an oral administering a pharmaceutical compound comprising the oral administration of the pharmaceutical compound together with a ginger fraction according to any one of claims 8 to 10 to a person in need of such treatment, wherein the ginger fraction is administered in an amount necessary to increase the bioavailability of the pharmaceutical compound over the sole administration of the pharmaceutical compound.
- the pharmaceutical compound is characterized by being metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, preferably by P450 3A4, 1A2, 2C9 and 2C19.
- a seventh subject of the present invention comprises a pharmaceutical formulation comprising the ginger fraction obtainable according to the invention or at least one compound of the general formulas I to VI, their enantiomers or their diastereomers, in addition to optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and / or diluents for improvement oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of drugs.
- such a pharmaceutical composition consists of two or more, optionally physically separate components and comprises:
- a second component comprising a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical compound metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents and / or carriers.
- the first component consists of at least one compound of the general formulas I to VI, their enantiomers or their diastereomers. In a further preferred pharmaceutical composition, the first component consists of at least one compound of the formulas (1) to (12), their enantiomers or their diastereomers.
- the drug contained in the second component is preferably metabolized by the enzymes cytochrome P450 1A2, 3A4, 2C9 and 2C19.
- corn starch, lactose cane sugar, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, citric acid, tartaric acid, water, water / ethanol, water / glycerol, water / sorbitol, water / polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cetylstearyl alcohol, Carboxymethylcellulose or fatty substances such as Hart ⁇ fat or their suitable mixtures are incorporated into common pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets, dragees, capsules, powders, suspensions, solutions, metered aerosols or suppositories.
- Residues are combined and shaken three times with 40 mL each 70 0 C warm water. The supernatant is discarded again and the supernatant
- Scheme 1 shows an overview of the extraction process of the ginger fraction of oleoresin according to the invention with removal of the essential oils.
- the ginger fraction thus obtained was further purified by solid phase extraction on a C18 phase.
- the eluent of the solid phase extraction was brought to dryness and further investigated by means of semipreparative high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). For this purpose, smaller aliquots of 5 to 10 mg were injected into the semipreparative HPLC system. The eluent of the HPLC column was then collected in 60 to 65 individual fractions and each of those obtained Fractions examined for their inhibitory effect on various P450 test reactions. The results of these investigations ( Figures 1 to 4) showed clearly demarcated zones (peaks) of higher inhibitory potency.
- the ginger fraction or different fractions of the extraction process are examined for their inhibition of CYP.
- 100 ⁇ g of human liver microsomes are incubated with 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g of ginger fraction and 7.34 ⁇ g (10 nmol) of erythromycin at pH 7.4 in the presence of NADPH.
- the inhibition of CYP activity is determined by comparison with control incubations without ginger extract (with equal solvent concentration).
- Test B As a specific test reaction for CYP 1A2, the phenacetin O-deethylation is used.
- the ginger fraction or different fractions of the extraction process are examined for their inhibition of CYP.
- 125 mg of human liver microsomes are incubated with 0.01 to 100 mg of ginger fraction and 5 nmol of phenacetin at pH 7.4 in the presence of NADPH (1 mM) in a total volume of 250 ⁇ l.
- the inhibition of CYP activity is determined by comparison with control incubations without ginger extract (with equal solvent concentration).
- S-mephenytoin 4 "hydroxylation is used as a specific test reaction for CYP 2C19.
- the ginger fraction or the various fractions of the extraction process are examined for their inhibition of CYP.
- 125 mg of human liver microsomes are incubated with 0.01 to 100 mg of ginger fraction and 12.5 nmol of S-mephenytoin at pH 7.4 in the presence of NADPH (1 mM) in a total volume of 250 ⁇ l.
- the inhibition of CYP activity is determined by comparison with control incubations without ginger extract (with the same solvent concentration).
- the ginger fraction or different fractions of the extraction process are examined for their inhibition of CYP.
- 125 mg of human liver microsomes are incubated with 0.01 to 100 mg ginger fraction and 37.5 nmol tolbutamide at pH 7.4 in the presence of NADPH (1 mM) in a total volume of 250 ⁇ l.
- the inhibition of CYP activity is determined by comparison with control incubations without ginger extract (with the same solvent concentration).
- Scheme 1 shows an overview of the extraction process of the ginger fraction according to the invention of an oleoresin with removal of the essential oils.
- Figure 1 shows the HPLC separation of a ginger extract and the determination of the inhibitory potency against CYP3A4 for the eluted HPLC fractions (collection interval: 1 minute).
- Figure 2 shows the HPLC separation of a ginger extract and the determination of the inhibitory potency against CYP1A2 for the eluted HPLC fractions (collection interval: 1 minute).
- Figure 3 shows the HPLC separation of a ginger extract and the determination of the inhibitory potency against CYP2C19 for the eluted HPLC fractions (collection interval: 1 minute).
- Figure 4 shows the HPLC separation of a ginger extract and the determination of the inhibitory potency against CYP2C9 for the eluted HPLC fractions (collection interval: 1 minute).
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004041716A DE102004041716A1 (de) | 2004-08-28 | 2004-08-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Ingwer-Fraktion und deren Verwendung zur Inhibierung humaner CYP Enzyme |
| PCT/EP2005/009020 WO2006024414A2 (de) | 2004-08-28 | 2005-08-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer ingwer-fraktion und deren verwendung zur inhibierung humaner cyp enzyme |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1786447A2 true EP1786447A2 (de) | 2007-05-23 |
Family
ID=35106705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05776543A Withdrawn EP1786447A2 (de) | 2004-08-28 | 2005-08-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer ingwer-fraktion und deren verwendung zur inhibierung humaner cyp enzyme |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060051437A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1786447A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2008511566A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2575797A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004041716A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006024414A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005062144A1 (de) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-08-09 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ingwerfraktion zur Inhibierung humaner CYP Enzyme |
| DE102005062145A1 (de) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-28 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ingwerextrakt zur Inhibierung humaner Arzneistofftransporter |
| CN100429517C (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-10-29 | 暨南大学 | 筛选中药抗血小板聚集作用活性成分的细胞膜固相色谱法模型的建立方法 |
| JP5103296B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-23 | 2012-12-19 | 花王株式会社 | ジンジャーオレオレジン精製物の製造方法 |
| KR101235811B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-21 | 한국기초과학지원연구원 | Cyp4a 저해제를 유효성분으로 함유하는 당뇨병의 치료 또는 예방용 약학적 조성물 |
| JP5808772B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-13 | 2015-11-10 | 株式会社エヌ・エル・エー | 肝細胞内のミトコンドリアの活性化方法 |
| WO2024223797A1 (en) | 2023-04-28 | 2024-10-31 | Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale | Use of cyp3a4 inhibitors for the treatment of hepatitis d virus (hdv) infections |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2224227A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-19 | Avmax, Inc. | Use of essential oils to increase bioavailability of oral pharmaceutical compounds |
| US5665386A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-09-09 | Avmax, Inc. | Use of essential oils to increase bioavailability of oral pharmaceutical compounds |
| JP4759182B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-03 | 2011-08-31 | 花王株式会社 | 水溶性ショウキョウエキス |
| BR0214431A (pt) * | 2001-11-26 | 2004-11-03 | Finzelberg Gmbh & Co Kg | Preparação de extrato de gengibre estável, processo para produção da mesma, preparação galênica, e, uso de uma preparação de extrato de gengibre estabilizada e de uma preparação galênica |
-
2004
- 2004-08-28 DE DE102004041716A patent/DE102004041716A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-08-20 EP EP05776543A patent/EP1786447A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-20 JP JP2007528710A patent/JP2008511566A/ja active Pending
- 2005-08-20 CA CA002575797A patent/CA2575797A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-20 WO PCT/EP2005/009020 patent/WO2006024414A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-23 US US11/209,322 patent/US20060051437A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006024414A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008511566A (ja) | 2008-04-17 |
| WO2006024414A3 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
| DE102004041716A1 (de) | 2006-03-09 |
| US20060051437A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
| WO2006024414A2 (de) | 2006-03-09 |
| CA2575797A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
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