EP1780496A1 - Pyrotechnische Sicherheitsvorrichtung mit mikrobearbeitetem Schild. - Google Patents

Pyrotechnische Sicherheitsvorrichtung mit mikrobearbeitetem Schild. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1780496A1
EP1780496A1 EP06291655A EP06291655A EP1780496A1 EP 1780496 A1 EP1780496 A1 EP 1780496A1 EP 06291655 A EP06291655 A EP 06291655A EP 06291655 A EP06291655 A EP 06291655A EP 1780496 A1 EP1780496 A1 EP 1780496A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screen
micro
transmission channel
safety device
initiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06291655A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1780496B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Magnan
Renaud Lafont
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nexter Munitions SA filed Critical Nexter Munitions SA
Publication of EP1780496A1 publication Critical patent/EP1780496A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1780496B1 publication Critical patent/EP1780496B1/de
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/184Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a slidable carrier

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of firing safety devices for pyrotechnic apparatus.
  • DSAs Security devices
  • DSAs are well known. They generally comprise a screen closing a transmission channel which connects an initiator and a pyrotechnic charge.
  • the screen is thus interposed on the flame passage between the initiator and the load and it prevents the ignition or firing of the latter.
  • Licences FR2650662 and FR2801099 thus describe known safety devices.
  • Such screens are not directly interposed between the pyrotechnic initiator and the load, and the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain is not ensured.
  • the patent EP1189012 discloses a miniature security device in which a transmission channel receives an initiator. This channel is closed, firstly by a first screen held by a lock, and secondly by a second screen, transverse to the first, and which can slide by the action of an actuator.
  • the dimensions of such a device are relatively important since the initiator has substantially the same diameter as the transmission channel.
  • the pyrotechnic charge which is initiated by this device is arranged in a direction which is perpendicular to the plane of the screen and it can be initiated only through a transverse light of the second screen and after displacement of the two screens.
  • Such a device is complex and relatively bulky.
  • the energy provided by the initiator is partly used to unlock and move a screen. Only the residual energy is used to initiate a pyrotechnic composition.
  • Such a principle is dysfunctional and unreliable.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a safety device for firing mass reduced and yet reliable and effective.
  • the invention thus proposes a security device implementing the MEMS technologies but also making it possible to ensure the interruption of the pyrotechnic initiation chain between an initiator and a load.
  • the subject of the invention is a firing safety device for a pyrotechnic device, a device comprising at least one screen closing a transmission channel connecting an initiator and a pyrotechnic charge, a device characterized in that the screen is produced under the at least one micro-machined or micro-engraved element, reported or made on at least one plate of a substrate, the wafer being oriented so that it is substantially parallel to the transmission channel which thus opens facing the screen at the thickness thereof, the load pyrotechnic (5,5a) and the initiator (6) are thus on both sides of the screen (13.1,13.2) and opposite the thickness of the screen.
  • the transmission channel will have a section whose surface will be less than or equal to 1 mm 2 while being chosen greater than the ignition surface of the pyrotechnic charge.
  • the screen can be moved by the action of motor means between a safety position in which it closes the transmission channel and an armed position in which it releases at least partially a portion of the transmission channel, the motor means being made under the shape of micro-machined parts or micro engraved on the or platelets.
  • the device may comprise at least two micro-machined or micro-etched platelets stacked one on top of the other, control means ensuring a synchronized movement of the screens or screen elements of the various platelets.
  • the screen may comprise at least two elements that can move relative to each other to clear the transmission channel.
  • the elements of the screens may comprise, at their contact zone, shape-concordant profiles whose juxtaposition will constitute at least one baffle ensuring a seal against the gases generated by the initiator.
  • the motor means may be designed to ensure reversibility of movement of the screen or screens.
  • Each screen or screen element can be held in the safety position by a micromachined latch or micro engraved on the wafer considered.
  • a firing safety device 1 for a pyrotechnic device 2 comprises an envelope 3 which is fixed by means (not shown) on the holster 4 of the pyrotechnic device 2.
  • the case 4 contains a pyrotechnic charge 5 (for example an explosive on which a priming relay 5a is placed) and the safety device 1 carries an initiator 6.
  • the initiator 6 is connected directly to the explosive charge 5 by a transmission channel 7. This channel is linear and it contains no pyrotechnic composition. It serves as a guide to the gases generated by the initiator 6 and directs them to the explosive charge 5.
  • the envelope 3 encloses a cavity 8 inside which is disposed a housing 9 which incorporates the means ensuring the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain (means not shown in this figure).
  • the housing 9 and the initiator 6 are connected by electrical connection means 10a, 10b, 16 to an electronic control means 11.
  • the arming of the device intervenes only as a result of the detection of a certain number of associated events obligatory shooting (for example the acceleration of firing for a projectile). This is the means 11 that manages these events. It is therefore connected to sensors (not shown) and incorporates event management software.
  • the means ensuring the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain will include micro-machined or micro-engraved elements (MEMS).
  • MEMS micro-machined or micro-engraved elements
  • an initiator comprising an output stage of 10 milligrams of Hexogen coupled to a very insensitive relay, for example in HNS (hexanotrostilbene), it was possible to make a transmission channel 7 of less than 1 mm 2 section (channel diameter of the order of mm) while ensuring the desired initiation transmission.
  • conventional initiators have an output stage of about 30 milligrams of Hexogen. The initiator 6 chosen therefore has a reduced power.
  • the critical diameter of the HNS is 0.5 mm and this explosive therefore requires to be initiated a priming surface of substantially 0.2 mm 2 which is much lower than the section of the transmission channel.
  • MEMS micro-machined technology
  • the thickness of the micro-machined elements does not exceed half a millimeter. To ensure the closure of a channel 7 with a diameter of 1 mm, it is therefore necessary to stack at least two micro-mechanisms on one another and thus to associate two identical screens arranged one over the other. .
  • the housing 9 thus encloses two plates of a substrate 12.1 and 12.2, for example an insulating substrate such as silicon, each bonded to a glass plate 19.1, 19.2 which closes the housing.
  • Each substrate carries a screen 13.1, 13.2 made in the form of a micromachined part (or micro etched) in the silicon substrate. It will be provided a slight set of editing (a few micrometers) to allow the joint movement of the screens 13 carried by the two plates.
  • Gas tightness is not absolute. It will be possible to reduce the diameter of the exit hole Z - see FIG. 1 (while maintaining it greater than or equal to the diameter of the channel 7) in order to reduce the effects on the relay 5a of an initiation into the safety state of the device.
  • the housing 9 carries two cylindrical holes 7a and 7b of the same axis 17 and which extend the transmission channel 7.
  • FIG. 2 the device is shown in a safety position in which the screens 13.1, 13.2 interpose between the holes 7a and 7b and thus block the transmission channel 7.
  • Each screen is kept locked by a latch 14.1, 14.2 micromachined which may for example be constituted by a thermal fuse or an electrothermal or electromagnetic actuator.
  • Each screen 13.1, 13.2 once unlocked is moved by the action of a motor means 15.1, 15.2 which will be for example a micro-machined spring or a micro electric motor vibrating or friction or thermal.
  • a motor means 15.1, 15.2 which will be for example a micro-machined spring or a micro electric motor vibrating or friction or thermal.
  • the locks and the motors will preferably be designed so as to ensure the reversibility of the control of the screen from the security state to the armed state and vice versa.
  • a connector 16 which allows the connection of the housing 9 to the electronic control means 11.
  • This control means is furthermore designed so as to ensure the synchronized displacement of the screens 13.1, 13.2 of the plates 12.1, 12.2.
  • Each screen 13.1, 13.2 has a substantially parallelepipedal geometry and moves on the plane of its substrate 12.1, 12.2 in the direction D ( Figure 2) to adopt its armed position ( Figure 4).
  • the transmission channel has an axis that passes through the screen according to the thickness of the latter.
  • the transmission channel is usually perpendicular to the plane on which the screen slides.
  • MEMS micro-machined technology
  • the screens 13.1, 13.2 thus receive the pyrotechnic effect in a direction 17 parallel to their plane of displacement 12.1, 12.2.
  • the pads 12.1, 12.2 are therefore integrated on their edge so that they are substantially parallel to the transmission channel 7.
  • the transmission channel has its axis 17 which thus passes through each screen along a dimension L much greater than its thickness. It is thus possible to produce in MEMS technology screens 13.1, 13.2 having an L dimension of the order of a few millimeters.
  • the invention it is therefore possible to define a safety device in which the screen is micro-machined and arranged in such a way that both the pyrotechnic charge and the initiator itself are on either side of the screen. the screen.
  • the pyrotechnic elements are thus placed opposite the thickness of the screen. They exert their effect in a direction that is in the plane of movement of the screen and not perpendicular to this plane of movement as in conventional solutions.
  • the interposed screen thickness can therefore be maximum with a screen which is nevertheless of minimal thickness as can be obtained with micro-machining technologies.
  • Electrothermal or electromagnetic actuators are well known in the field of MEMS. The same applies to fuses and micro-machined springs.
  • fuses and micro-machined springs For example, we can refer to patents EP1573782 , US2005139577 , US6691513 and US2004027029 which describe possible solutions.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show a second embodiment of a MEMS technology package 9 according to the invention.
  • each screen 13.1 or 13.2 is divided into two elements that are movable relative to each other.
  • the substrate 12.1 carries two screen elements 13a.1 and 13b.1 and the substrate 12.2 carries two screen elements 13a.2 and 13b.2.
  • Each screen element is displaceable by motor means 15a.1, 15b.1; 15a.2, 15b.2.
  • Lock means 14a.1, 14b.1 or 14a.2, 14b.2 ensures at each pad the immobilization of each element of the screen considered.
  • Each plate 12.1, 12.2 is connected to the electronic control means 11 which are designed to ensure the synchronized movement of the elements 13a.1, 13b.1, 13a.2, 13b.2 of the various plates.
  • connector 16 which provides the interface between the wafers and the cable from the control means 11.
  • each screen When the device is in its safety position (FIG. 5), the two elements constituting each screen are in contact with each other substantially at the level of the axis 17 of the priming channel.
  • the contact surfaces preferably have shape matching profiles 18a, 18b.
  • the profiles consist of a succession of teeth defined by inclined planes with respect to the axis 17 of the channel 7.
  • the juxtaposition of the teeth thus constitutes baffles which make it possible to improve the tightness to the gases generated by the initiator 6.
  • Figure 7 shows the device in its armed position. Each motor means has moved an element in a direction Da or Db. The channel 7 is then released and the initiation of the load 5,5a is allowed.
  • Each element 13a, 13b of each screen has thus moved by a distance substantially equal to one half-diameter of the channel.
  • the movements are therefore of reduced amplitude which allows a faster arming.
  • Figures 1 to 7 are diagrammatic and do not prejudge the dimensions and proportions of the various components that are represented.
  • each plate will be connected to the electronic control means that will ensure the synchronized movement of micro machined elements forming the screens carried by the various plates.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
EP06291655A 2005-10-27 2006-10-25 Pyrotechnische Sicherheitsvorrichtung mit mikrobearbeitetem Schild. Active EP1780496B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0511121A FR2892810B1 (fr) 2005-10-27 2005-10-27 Dispositif de securite pyrotechnique a ecran micro usine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1780496A1 true EP1780496A1 (de) 2007-05-02
EP1780496B1 EP1780496B1 (de) 2009-07-29

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EP06291655A Active EP1780496B1 (de) 2005-10-27 2006-10-25 Pyrotechnische Sicherheitsvorrichtung mit mikrobearbeitetem Schild.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7444937B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1780496B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE438075T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006008086D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2892810B1 (de)
NO (1) NO338051B1 (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2077431A2 (de) 2008-01-07 2009-07-08 Nexter Munitions Feinmechanisch bearbeitete oder mikro-gravierte Sicherheits- und Bewaffnungsvorrichtung
EP2239535A1 (de) 2009-04-10 2010-10-13 Nexter Munitions Schlagzündvorrichtung für eine Munition
EP2402706A1 (de) 2010-07-02 2012-01-04 Nexter Munitions Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung mit Trägheitsschloss in MEMS-Technologien
EP2402707A1 (de) 2010-07-02 2012-01-04 Nexter Munitions Antihaftreliefs für Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung
EP2482027A1 (de) 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 NEXTER Munitions Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung für eine pyrotechnische Kette eines Geschosses
EP2482029A1 (de) 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 NEXTER Munitions Vorrichtung zur Verzögerung einer Bewegung eines mikro-bearbeiteten Ausgleichsgewichts, und Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung, die eine solche Verzögerungsvorrichtung umfasst
EP2482028A1 (de) 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 NEXTER Munitions Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung mit einem zerbrechlichen Riegel
CN109029138A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-18 北京理工大学 一种应用于小口径弹的mems安全系统一体化装置及其方法
CN109141145A (zh) * 2017-06-27 2019-01-04 南京理工大学 基于低温共烧陶瓷的灵巧起爆器
EP3913317A1 (de) 2020-05-20 2021-11-24 Nexter Munitions Unterkalibergeschoss und verfahren zur neutralisierung eines ziels unter verwendung eines solchen geschosses

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FR2892810B1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2010-05-14 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de securite pyrotechnique a ecran micro usine
FR2892809B1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2010-07-30 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de securite pyrotechnique a dimensions reduites
US9285198B2 (en) * 2008-02-12 2016-03-15 Pacific Scientific Energetic Materials Company Arm-fire devices and methods for pyrotechnic systems
FR2932561B1 (fr) * 2008-06-11 2010-08-20 Nexter Munitions Micro initiateur securise
FR2965044B1 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-08-24 Nexter Munitions Dispositif de securite et d'armement pour projectile explosif gyrostabilise et dispositif d'amorcage mettant en oeuvre un tel dispositif de securite et d'armement
IL213830A (en) * 2011-06-29 2017-07-31 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Controlled pyrotechnic chain
FR2981443B1 (fr) * 2011-10-17 2013-11-29 Sme Generateur de gaz muni d'un organe de securite pour les cas d'echauffements lents
US8971048B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2015-03-03 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Self-locating electronics package precursor structure, method for configuring an electronics package, and electronics package

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FR2650662A1 (fr) 1989-08-01 1991-02-08 France Etat Armement Dispositif d'amorcage de chaine pyrotechnique pour sous-munition d'obus cargo
US6173650B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2001-01-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy MEMS emergetic actuator with integrated safety and arming system for a slapper/EFI detonator
FR2801099A1 (fr) 1999-11-17 2001-05-18 Giat Ind Sa Systeme d'amorcage de la charge explosive d'une sous- munition
EP1189012A2 (de) 2000-09-18 2002-03-20 TRW Inc. MEMS-Einrichtung zum Sichern und zum Scharfmachen von Munition
US6439119B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2002-08-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Lockable electro-optical high voltage apparatus and method for slapper detonators
US6691513B1 (en) 2002-08-16 2004-02-17 Pc Lens Corporation System and method for providing an improved electrothermal actuator for a micro-electro-mechanical device
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US20050139577A1 (en) 2002-08-30 2005-06-30 Sung-Chul Kim Microelectromechanical system comb actuator and manufacturing method thereof
EP1559986A1 (de) 2004-01-27 2005-08-03 Lucent Technologies Inc. Zünder für Projektile
EP1573782A2 (de) 2002-09-20 2005-09-14 MonoDrive Inc. Biegebetätigungsglieder und sensoren aus geformten aktiven materialien und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung

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US7051656B1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2006-05-30 Sandia Corporation Microelectromechanical safing and arming apparatus
US7597046B1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2009-10-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Integrated thin film explosive micro-detonator
FR2892810B1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2010-05-14 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de securite pyrotechnique a ecran micro usine
FR2892809B1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2010-07-30 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de securite pyrotechnique a dimensions reduites

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2650662A1 (fr) 1989-08-01 1991-02-08 France Etat Armement Dispositif d'amorcage de chaine pyrotechnique pour sous-munition d'obus cargo
US6173650B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2001-01-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy MEMS emergetic actuator with integrated safety and arming system for a slapper/EFI detonator
FR2801099A1 (fr) 1999-11-17 2001-05-18 Giat Ind Sa Systeme d'amorcage de la charge explosive d'une sous- munition
US6439119B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2002-08-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Lockable electro-optical high voltage apparatus and method for slapper detonators
EP1189012A2 (de) 2000-09-18 2002-03-20 TRW Inc. MEMS-Einrichtung zum Sichern und zum Scharfmachen von Munition
US6705231B1 (en) * 2000-12-04 2004-03-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Safing and arming device for artillery submunitions
US6691513B1 (en) 2002-08-16 2004-02-17 Pc Lens Corporation System and method for providing an improved electrothermal actuator for a micro-electro-mechanical device
US20050139577A1 (en) 2002-08-30 2005-06-30 Sung-Chul Kim Microelectromechanical system comb actuator and manufacturing method thereof
EP1573782A2 (de) 2002-09-20 2005-09-14 MonoDrive Inc. Biegebetätigungsglieder und sensoren aus geformten aktiven materialien und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
EP1559986A1 (de) 2004-01-27 2005-08-03 Lucent Technologies Inc. Zünder für Projektile

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2926134A1 (fr) * 2008-01-07 2009-07-10 Nexter Munitions Sa Dispositif de securite et d'armement micro-usine ou micro-grave
EP2077431A3 (de) * 2008-01-07 2010-02-10 Nexter Munitions Feinmechanisch bearbeitete oder mikro-gravierte Sicherheits- und Bewaffnungsvorrichtung
US8166880B2 (en) 2008-01-07 2012-05-01 Nexter Munitions Micro-machined or micro-engraved safety and arming device
EP2077431A2 (de) 2008-01-07 2009-07-08 Nexter Munitions Feinmechanisch bearbeitete oder mikro-gravierte Sicherheits- und Bewaffnungsvorrichtung
EP2239535A1 (de) 2009-04-10 2010-10-13 Nexter Munitions Schlagzündvorrichtung für eine Munition
US8104405B2 (en) 2009-04-10 2012-01-31 Nexter Munitions Ammunition firing device incorporating a firing pin
US8656837B2 (en) 2010-07-02 2014-02-25 Nexter Munitions Safety and arming device for projectiles inertial lock with MEMS technology
EP2402706A1 (de) 2010-07-02 2012-01-04 Nexter Munitions Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung mit Trägheitsschloss in MEMS-Technologien
EP2402707A1 (de) 2010-07-02 2012-01-04 Nexter Munitions Antihaftreliefs für Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung
FR2962209A1 (fr) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-06 Nexter Munitions Reliefs anti adherence pour dispositif de securite et d'armement
US9194682B2 (en) 2010-07-02 2015-11-24 Nexter Munitions Safety and arming device for a projectile and using micro electro-mechanical technology
EP2482029A1 (de) 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 NEXTER Munitions Vorrichtung zur Verzögerung einer Bewegung eines mikro-bearbeiteten Ausgleichsgewichts, und Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung, die eine solche Verzögerungsvorrichtung umfasst
EP2482028A1 (de) 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 NEXTER Munitions Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung mit einem zerbrechlichen Riegel
US8714090B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2014-05-06 Nexter Munitions Time control device for the movement of a micro-machined and safety and arming device comprising such a time control device
EP2482027A1 (de) 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 NEXTER Munitions Sicherheits- und Zündvorrichtung für eine pyrotechnische Kette eines Geschosses
CN109141145A (zh) * 2017-06-27 2019-01-04 南京理工大学 基于低温共烧陶瓷的灵巧起爆器
CN109029138A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-18 北京理工大学 一种应用于小口径弹的mems安全系统一体化装置及其方法
CN109029138B (zh) * 2018-09-13 2020-02-11 北京理工大学 一种应用于小口径弹的mems安全系统一体化装置及其方法
EP3913317A1 (de) 2020-05-20 2021-11-24 Nexter Munitions Unterkalibergeschoss und verfahren zur neutralisierung eines ziels unter verwendung eines solchen geschosses
FR3110687A1 (fr) 2020-05-20 2021-11-26 Nexter Munitions Projectile sous calibré et procédé de neutralisation d'un objectif en mettant en oeuvre un tel projectile.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20070101888A1 (en) 2007-05-10
FR2892810B1 (fr) 2010-05-14
ATE438075T1 (de) 2009-08-15
US7444937B2 (en) 2008-11-04
EP1780496B1 (de) 2009-07-29
NO338051B1 (no) 2016-07-25
DE602006008086D1 (de) 2009-09-10
FR2892810A1 (fr) 2007-05-04
NO20064898L (no) 2007-04-30

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