EP2304385B1 - Sicherer mikroinitiator - Google Patents

Sicherer mikroinitiator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2304385B1
EP2304385B1 EP09772655A EP09772655A EP2304385B1 EP 2304385 B1 EP2304385 B1 EP 2304385B1 EP 09772655 A EP09772655 A EP 09772655A EP 09772655 A EP09772655 A EP 09772655A EP 2304385 B1 EP2304385 B1 EP 2304385B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
micro
initiator
screen
pyrotechnic
layer
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EP09772655A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2304385A1 (de
Inventor
Carole Rossi
Hélène PEZOUS
Daniel Esteve
Renaud Lafont
Pierre Magnan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Nexter Munitions SA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Nexter Munitions SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/184—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a slidable carrier

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of pyrotechnic primers or initiators, such as igniters or detonators.
  • a pyrotechnic initiation means for example a primary explosive composition (for a detonator) or an inflammatory composition (for an igniter).
  • This pyrotechnic means is itself capable of being initiated by an ignition means, for example a heating resistor connected to an electric generator.
  • Pyrotechnic components are the first floor of an initiation chain. When the component is a detonator, it ensures the detonation of an explosive charge, for example a munition.
  • the component When the component is an igniter, it ensures the ignition of another composition, for example a propellant charge or a device.
  • a safety and arming device which comprises mechanical means ensuring the interruption of the pyrotechnic path between the initiating component and the load that it must initiate.
  • a significant source of energy is required to move such a flap, whether or not it carries the component.
  • This energy source must also have a secure operation to avoid inadvertent arming of the component that would be detrimental to safety.
  • the patent US 6964231 describes such a micro-machined safety device comprising a flap carrying a pyrotechnic charge and sliding by the action of the centrifugal force. This shutter itself is immobilized by a lock that is erased by the acceleration of firing of the projectile.
  • the patent FR-2892810 describes another safety device implementing a micro-machined screen which is interposed between a conventional pyrotechnic component and the explosive charge that it must initiate.
  • Electromechanical actuators equip safety and arming devices when used in applications that do not implement environmental forces sufficient to move the moving parts and arm the device.
  • control means they implement are electromechanical means for which it is necessary to provide sources of energy, which limits the possibilities of reducing their size.
  • the invention thus proposes to make a micro-initiator that incorporates all the means to ensure the desired security. It is then unnecessary to add a security and additional arming device.
  • micro-initiator requires only a small amount of electrical energy to ensure both the arming and initiation functions.
  • the subject of the invention is a micro-initiator comprising a pyrotechnic initiation means capable of being initiated by a first ignition means and itself intended to initiate a charge, a micro-initiator characterized in that the pyrotechnic means is formed by an energetic composition set up on a first layer of a substrate and connectable to the charge by a priming channel which is closed off by a movable screen which is arranged on a second substrate layer incorporated in the initiator, the screen being movable from a safety position to an armed position by the action of the gases generated by a first pyrotechnic generator also incorporated in the initiator and initiated by a second ignition means.
  • the first pyrotechnic gas generator may be placed on the first substrate layer and will be placed in communication with one face of the screen via a gas reservoir chimney.
  • the screen will be held in the safety position by at least one lock.
  • the screen may include a transverse hole which will be positioned next to the priming channel when it is in the armed position.
  • the micro-initiator When the micro-initiator is intended to equip a munition fired by a weapon, it may include a lock erased by inertia when firing the ammunition.
  • the lock can be housed in its locking position in the transverse hole of the screen.
  • the micro-initiator may comprise at least one electromechanical lock.
  • the electromechanical lock may be supported by two conductive beams of different dimensions and will pivot by the effect of a differential thermal expansion of the two beams.
  • the micro-initiator may include a second pyrotechnic gas generator which will be positioned so that the pressure of the generated gases will push the screen to its safety position.
  • the second generator the volume reserved for the gases that it generates and the surfaces of the screen subjected to the pressures will advantageously be dimensioned so that the effort resulting from the action of the second generator is greater than that resulting from the action. of the first generator.
  • the second generator may be initiated by a rise in temperature, its autoignition temperature being chosen lower than that ensuring self-ignition of the pyrotechnic initiation means.
  • the second generator may be initiated by a third ignition means.
  • the different ignition means are integral with a third substrate layer which is applied to the first layer carrying the pyrotechnic ignition means and the gas generating compositions.
  • the third layer of substrate may comprise switch means for controlling the ignition means.
  • the third layer may incorporate electronic control means switches and / or ignition means.
  • the third layer will advantageously be connected to a fourth layer which will incorporate electronic means for controlling switches and / or ignition means.
  • the figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a micro-initiator 1 according to the invention.
  • This component 1 is made in the form of a stack of several layers of substrate.
  • a first layer 2 of substrate is a silicon layer which receives a pyrotechnic initiating means 3 disposed in a cavity 4.
  • This pyrotechnic initiation means is here an energetic pyrotechnic composition, for example a composition that can enter detonation or combustion / deflagration according to the type of component concerned (detonator or igniter). For example, it is possible to use a composition based on lead azide.
  • composition 3 is intended to initiate a pyrotechnic charge 5 which is for example a relay explosive disposed in a casing 5a shown here schematically.
  • Relay 5 will for example be associated with a munition.
  • the energy composition 3 is connected to the charge 5 by a priming channel 6 which passes through the different substrate layers.
  • the microinitiator 1 comprises a second substrate layer 7 which is formed of three parts: a lower part 7a, an upper part 7b and a middle part 7c.
  • This second substrate layer 7 encloses a movable screen 8 which will be made either of silicon or of a ceramic having a coefficient of expansion similar to that of silicon in order to avoid any jamming.
  • the mobile screen 8 is able to move in a housing 27 which is arranged in the middle portion 7c of the second layer 7.
  • the first substrate layer 2 also carries a first pyrotechnic gas generator 9 which is disposed in a cavity 10.
  • the cavity 10 of the generator 9 is connected to a chimney 11 arranged in the upper part 7b of the second substrate layer 7.
  • the first pyrotechnic generator 9 is constituted by a pyrotechnic composition generating gas.
  • the chimney 11 forms a reservoir for the gases generated by the generator 9. The pressure of these gases will be exerted on a rear face 8a of the screen 8.
  • a layer 12 of a dielectric membrane (for example made of silicon oxide) is applied to the rear face of the first substrate layer 2. This membrane makes it possible to isolate the pyrotechnic compositions 3 and 9 of the electrical control circuits to ensure their initiation.
  • These electrical circuits comprise ignition means 13 and 14 which are formed by conductive son to be heated by Joule effect by means of an electric generator (not shown).
  • the ignition means 13 and 14 are integral with a third substrate layer 15 (made for example of silicon) which is applied to the first layer 2.
  • the ignition means 13, 14 will be associated with switch means for controlling these ignition means.
  • control circuit 16 which comprises the ignition means 13 and 14 and a number of switches.
  • a first branch 13a, 14a of each ignition means 13 and 14 is connected to a contact pad 17 which is also connected to the electrical ground of the various control circuits.
  • a second branch 13b of the first ignition means 13 (which ensures the initiation of the pyrotechnic means 3), is connected to a control pad 18 via a normally closed switch 19.
  • Another normally closed switch 20 connects in addition, this second branch 13b to the ground stud 17.
  • the first ignition means 13 is short-circuited, its two branches 13a and 13b are both connected to ground.
  • a normally open switch 21 also makes it possible to connect the second branch 13b to the ground stud 17.
  • This architecture of switches constitutes a means of electrical safety of the first ignition means 13.
  • the switch 20 provides electrical safety.
  • the current transmitted by a control means (not shown) through the stud 18 can not heat the first ignition means 13.
  • To lift this electrical safety is controlled opening of the switch 20. It then becomes possible to control the initiation of the primary composition 3 by the first ignition means 13.
  • the switches have been schematically represented on the figure 5 . They will be advantageously made in the form of electrothermally controlled micro-switches and without moving parts that will be made by micro-etching according to MEMS techniques. Such normally open or normally closed microswitches are described by US Pat. FR2884602 and it is not necessary to describe them here in more detail.
  • switches using static electronic switches. These components will either be incorporated in the third layer 15 or incorporated in a complementary hybrid circuit 40 which is attached to the third layer and in electrical contact (links 41 and 42) with it.
  • the third layer 15 will then carry only the ignition means 13 and 14.
  • the hybrid circuit 40 will also carry the electronic control means (micro-controller or microprocessor) and the energy source (elements not shown).
  • the ignition means 14 of the first pyrotechnic generator 9 is connected by its second branch 14b to a control pad 22 which is like the pad 18 connected to an electronic control means (not shown).
  • the mobile screen 8 has a transverse hole 23 in which is positioned a latch 24.
  • the latch 24 is an inertia lock which is held in its locking position by a compression spring 25. This latch slides in a hole 35 formed in the lower part 7a is the second layer 7. It has a diameter sufficient to ensure maintaining the screen 8 in the safety position in case of accidental initiation of the gas generator 9.
  • the compression spring 25 is defined so as to be deformed only when the latch 24 is subjected to the inertial forces resulting from the firing of a munition carrying the microinitiator according to the invention.
  • the architecture of the munition will be such that the micro-initiator 1 is correctly oriented so that the firing acceleration can effectively erase the latch 24.
  • the latch 24 may be made of silicon, ceramic or metal.
  • a locking means 26 is disposed at the hole 27. This means is intended to ensure the immobilization of the latch 24 in its erased position.
  • the locking means 26 is shown schematically here as a finger integral with a flexible blade, finger can be erased radially to let the lock and then positioned to prevent the return of the lock. It is understood that this means may structurally have a different shape that can be obtained with micro-etching MEMS techniques.
  • the housing 27 contains a second pyrotechnic gas generator 28 which is disposed at its opposite end to that where the chimney 11 opens.
  • micro-initiator itself and the second gas generator 28 will be dimensioned so that the force resulting from the action of the second generator 28 is greater than that resulting from the action of the first generator 9.
  • the micro-initiator it will be possible to play in particular on the volumes reserved for the gases generated by the first generator 9 and by the second generator 28, as well as on the values of the surfaces 8a. and 8b of the screen 8 which are subject to the pressures.
  • the second generator 28 is initiated by raising the ambient temperature.
  • the generator gas composition of this generator 28 will be chosen so that its autoignition temperature is lower (of the order of 100 ° C.) than that ensuring the self-ignition of the initiation pyrotechnic means 3.
  • the figure 2 shows the micro-initiator 1 in the armed position.
  • the acceleration due to the firing of the ammunition which encloses it caused the erasure of the lock 24.
  • the electronic control means controlled the initiation of the first gas generator 9.
  • the pressure of the generated gases made the screen 8 pass to its armed position.
  • a means 29 ensuring the locking of the screen 8 in its armed position.
  • This means is here a flexible tongue carrying a locking finger. It may also be constituted by a pin pushed by a spring and which will cooperate with a piercing of the screen 8.
  • a rise in temperature (related to a fire) can cause the initiation of the first gas generator 9 thus the passage of the device to its armed position while no electrical signal controlling such armament has been given.
  • the invention therefore proposes to incorporate the second gas generator 28 which has a self-ignition temperature lower than that of the ignition means 3.
  • the sizing has been chosen so that the pressure of gas supplied by the second gas generator 28 generates a force on the screen 8 which is greater than that generated by the action of the first gas generator 9.
  • the device will be dimensioned so that the locking means 29 is also broken.
  • a stop 31 which limits the stroke of the screen 8 pushed by the gases of the second generator 28. It is indeed essential that the screen remains in a position ensuring the interruption of the priming channel 6. This stop will be realized by micromachining of the second layer 7 of the substrate.
  • the different layers 2, 7, 15 of substrate are made according to the technique of integrated circuits incorporating MEMS.
  • the third substrate layer 15 carrying the ignition means 13 and 14 will also be produced, as will the switch means for controlling the ignition means and, optionally, the electronic control means for the switches and the means of ignition. 'ignition.
  • the first substrate 2 and the third substrate 15 will be bonded.
  • the first substrate 2 may then receive pyrotechnic materials 3 and 9.
  • the second substrate layer 7 For machining conveniences, the upper part 7b of the second layer 7 will be made by micro-etching of the chimney 10 and the ignition channel 6. The machining means 31 and the various latches 29 and 30 will be produced during this machining.
  • the lower and middle portions 7a, 7b of the second layer 7 are produced.
  • the hole 35, the ignition channel 6 and the housing 27 for the screen are microetched.
  • the ceramic screen 8 is made according to a different technology.
  • the inertial lock 24 and its spring 25 and then the gas generating composition 28 and the screen 8 are put in place and the upper part 7b and the lower and middle parts 7a, 7c are secured by gluing.
  • first substrate 2 and the second substrate 7 are adhesively bonded together and the fourth layer 40 is then glued to the assembly, which incorporates electronic control means for the switches and ignition means.
  • micro-initiator whose overall volume is less than 1 cubic centimeter.
  • the total thickness of the micro-initiator will be of the order of 5 mm and the other dimensions (width and length) will be less than 10 mm.
  • micro-initiator has dimensions comparable to that of a conventional pyrotechnic component but incorporates all the electrical and mechanical safety of a complex device. It is therefore no longer necessary to provide a complementary security and arming device.
  • the figure 4 shows another embodiment of a micro-initiator according to the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one in that the second gas generator 28 is disposed in a cavity 33 formed in the first substrate layer 2.
  • the cavity communicates with the housing 27 of the screen 8 by a chimney 32 which is machined in the upper part 7b of the second substrate layer.
  • the function performed by the second generator 28 is identical to that described above.
  • the pressure of the gases generated pushes the screen 8 to its sterilization position which ensures the safety of the device.
  • a pyrotechnic composition having a self-ignition temperature lower than that ensuring the self-ignition of the initiation pyrotechnic means 3 will be chosen.
  • a first advantage presented by this embodiment is that the placing of all the pyrotechnic compositions 3, 9 and 28 is on the same substrate layer 2. It is thus easier to mount the micro-initiator, all the pyrotechnic steps of the process being performed on a single and same substrate layer.
  • Another advantage of this embodiment is that it becomes possible to provide at the level of the third substrate layer 15 an initiation means 34 specific to the second gas generating composition 28 (third ignition means 34). It suffices to give the cavity 33 a depth substantially equal to that of the other cavities 4 and 12, ie such that the composition 28 is separated from the third ignition means 34 only by the thickness of the membrane 12.
  • the figure 6 shows an example of a control circuit of a control circuit 16 which comprises the ignition means 13, 14 and 34.
  • switches 19, 20, 21 securing the first ignition means 13 and a set of switches 36, 37 and 38 securing the second ignition means 14 of the first generating composition of FIG. gas 9).
  • Switches 36 and 37 are normally closed switches.
  • Switch 38 is a normally open switch.
  • the switch 37 ensures the short circuiting of the ignition means 14. The opening of this switch allows the operation of this means.
  • the opening of the switch 36 and the closing of the switch 38 makes it possible to sterilize from an electric point of view the ignition means 14.
  • a first branch 34a of this third ignition means 34 is connected to the ground contact pad 17.
  • a second branch 34b of the third ignition means 34 is connected to a control pad 39.
  • a detonator-type microinitiator has been described here.
  • a micro-initiator of the igniter type It suffices for this to choose as a pyrotechnic initiation means 3 an inflammatory pyrotechnic composition.
  • micro-initiator in which the locking of the screen 8 is ensured, not by inertial means, but by at least one electromechanical lock.
  • Such a variant is more particularly adapted to the case of munitions that are not fired by gun and for which the inertial forces are therefore insufficient.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b an electromechanical lock 43 which comprises a rod 44 which is in the locking position in a lateral bore 47 carried by the screen 8.
  • the micro-initiator is represented here very schematically and only the screen 8 is visible in view of above in its housing 27 arranged in the second layer 7.
  • the transverse hole 23 carried by the screen is also visible in the figures.
  • the rod 44 of the electromechanical lock 43 is supported by two conductive beams 45a and 45b which are of different dimensions and each connected to a contact 46a, 46b.
  • the contacts 46a, 46b are connected to an electric generator (not shown) which will be integral for example with the hybrid circuit 40.
  • the heating causes a dilation thermal of these two beams.
  • the surface difference between the two beams causes a differential expansion which leads to the pivoting of the rod 44 relative to the screen 8.
  • the rod 44 can effectively disengage from its housing 47 and release the screen 8 which can then move (as previously described) by the action on the face 8a of the screen 8 of the gases generated by a gas generator (not shown).

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Claims (16)

  1. Mikroinitiator (1) umfassend ein pyrotechnisches Mittel zur Initiierung (3), das geeignet ist, durch ein erstes Zündmittel (13) gezündet zu werden, und das dafür vorgesehen ist, selbst eine Ladung (5) zu zünden, wobei das pyrotechnische Mittel (3) des Mikroinitiators von einer energetischen Zusammensetzung gebildet wird, die auf einer ersten Schicht (2) eines Substrats angeordnet ist und die mit der Ladung (5) über einen Zündkanal (6) verbunden sein kann, welcher durch einen beweglichen Schirm (8) verschlossen ist, welcher auf einer zweiten im Initiator eingebauten Schicht (7) von Substrat angeordnet ist, wobei der Schirm (8) von einer Sicherheitsposition in eine scharfe Position verlagert werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schirm durch die Einwirkung der durch einen ersten pyrotechnischen Generator (9), welcher selbst auch in den Initiator (1) eingebaut ist und durch ein zweites Zündmittel (14) initiiert wird, erzeugten Gase von einer in die andere Position verlagert wird.
  2. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste pyrotechnische Gasgenerator (9) auf der ersten Schicht (2) von Substrat angeordnet ist und mit Hilfe eines Kamins (11), der ein Gasreservoir bildet, mit einer Fläche des Schirms (8) in Verbindung gebracht wird.
  3. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schirm (8) durch wenigstens einen Verschluss (24) in Sicherheitsposition gehalten wird.
  4. Mikroinitiator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schirm (8) ein Querloch (23) umfasst, das sich gegenüber dem Zündkanal (6) anordnet, wenn er sich in scharfer Position befindet.
  5. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 3, der dafür vorgesehen ist, eine von einer Waffe abgeschossene Munition auszurüsten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Verschluss (24) umfasst, der durch Trägheit beim Abschuss der Munition aufgehoben wird.
  6. Mikroinitiator nach Ansprüchen 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verschluss (24) in seiner verriegelten Position im Querloch (23) des Schirms ruht.
  7. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er wenigstens einen elektromagnetischen Verschluss (43) umfasst.
  8. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektromagnetische Verschluss (43) von zwei Strom leitenden Stäben (45a, 45b) von unterschiedlichen Abmessungen gehalten wird und durch die Wirkung einer unterschiedlichen thermischen Dehnung der beiden Stäbe schwenkt.
  9. Mikroinitiator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen zweiten pyrotechnischen Gasgenerator (28) aufweist, welcher derartig angeordnet ist, dass der Druck der erzeugten Gase den Schirm (8) in seine Sicherheitsposition drückt.
  10. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Generator (28), das für das von ihm erzeugte Gas reservierte Volumen und die den Drücken ausgesetzten Flächen des Schirms (8) derartig dimensioniert sind, dass die Kraft, die sich aus der Wirkung des zweiten Generators (28) ergibt, größer ist als diejenige, welche sich aus der Wirkung des ersten Generators (9) ergibt.
  11. Mikroinitiator nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Generator (28) durch eine Erhöhung der Temperatur initiiert wird, wobei seine Temperatur zur Selbstzündung kleiner als diejenige gewählt wird, welche die Selbstzündung des pyrotechnischen Mittels zur Initiierung (3) gewährleistet.
  12. Mikroinitiator nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Generator (28) durch ein drittes Zündmittel (34) initiiert werden kann.
  13. Mikroinitiator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verschiedenen Zündmittel (13, 14, 34) fest mit einer dritten Schicht (15) von Substrat verbunden sind, welche auf der ersten Schicht (2) aufgebracht ist, die das pyrotechnische Zündmittel (3) und die Gas erzeugenden Zusammensetzungen (9, 28) trägt.
  14. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Schicht (15) von Substrat Unterbrecher-Mittel (19, 36) umfasst, welche die Steuerung der Zündmittel ermöglichen.
  15. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die dritte Schicht (15) elektronische Mittel zur Steuerung der Unterbrecher und / oder der Zündmittel eingebaut sind.
  16. Mikroinitiator nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Schicht (15) mit einer vierten Schicht (40) verbunden ist, in welche elektronische Mittel zur Steuerung der Unterbrecher und / oder der Zündmittel eingebaut sind.
EP09772655A 2008-06-11 2009-06-10 Sicherer mikroinitiator Active EP2304385B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0803235A FR2932561B1 (fr) 2008-06-11 2008-06-11 Micro initiateur securise
PCT/FR2009/000689 WO2010000972A1 (fr) 2008-06-11 2009-06-10 Micro-initiateur securise

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2304385A1 EP2304385A1 (de) 2011-04-06
EP2304385B1 true EP2304385B1 (de) 2012-03-07

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EP (1) EP2304385B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE548630T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2932561B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010000972A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2948993A1 (fr) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-11 Junghans T2M Sas Dispositif de securite d'amorcage pour munition tournante
FR2962210A1 (fr) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-06 Nexter Munitions Dispositif de securite et d'armement a verrou inertiel de technologie mems
FR2962209B1 (fr) 2010-07-02 2012-07-13 Nexter Munitions Reliefs anti adherence pour dispositif de securite et d'armement
ES2445709T3 (es) 2010-12-31 2014-03-04 Progenika Biopharma, S.A. Método para la identificación por técnicas moleculares de variantes genéticas que no codifican antígeno D (D-) y codifican antígeno C alterado (C+W)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3313236A (en) * 1965-05-12 1967-04-11 Honeywell Inc Multiple function fuzes
US6167809B1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2001-01-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Ultra-miniature, monolithic, mechanical safety-and-arming (S&A) device for projected munitions
US6964231B1 (en) * 2002-11-25 2005-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Miniature MEMS-based electro-mechanical safety and arming device
US7142087B2 (en) * 2004-01-27 2006-11-28 Lucent Technologies Inc. Micromechanical latching switch
FR2884602A1 (fr) * 2005-04-18 2006-10-20 Novatec Sa Sa Soc Systeme embarque hautement securise pour la mise a feu d'explosifs ou le deploiement d'organes
FR2892810B1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2010-05-14 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de securite pyrotechnique a ecran micro usine
FR2892809B1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2010-07-30 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de securite pyrotechnique a dimensions reduites

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FR2932561B1 (fr) 2010-08-20
ATE548630T1 (de) 2012-03-15
FR2932561A1 (fr) 2009-12-18
EP2304385A1 (de) 2011-04-06
WO2010000972A1 (fr) 2010-01-07

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