EP2304385B1 - Safe micro-initiator - Google Patents

Safe micro-initiator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2304385B1
EP2304385B1 EP09772655A EP09772655A EP2304385B1 EP 2304385 B1 EP2304385 B1 EP 2304385B1 EP 09772655 A EP09772655 A EP 09772655A EP 09772655 A EP09772655 A EP 09772655A EP 2304385 B1 EP2304385 B1 EP 2304385B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
micro
initiator
screen
pyrotechnic
layer
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EP09772655A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2304385A1 (en
Inventor
Carole Rossi
Hélène PEZOUS
Daniel Esteve
Renaud Lafont
Pierre Magnan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Nexter Munitions SA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Nexter Munitions SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/184—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a slidable carrier

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of pyrotechnic primers or initiators, such as igniters or detonators.
  • a pyrotechnic initiation means for example a primary explosive composition (for a detonator) or an inflammatory composition (for an igniter).
  • This pyrotechnic means is itself capable of being initiated by an ignition means, for example a heating resistor connected to an electric generator.
  • Pyrotechnic components are the first floor of an initiation chain. When the component is a detonator, it ensures the detonation of an explosive charge, for example a munition.
  • the component When the component is an igniter, it ensures the ignition of another composition, for example a propellant charge or a device.
  • a safety and arming device which comprises mechanical means ensuring the interruption of the pyrotechnic path between the initiating component and the load that it must initiate.
  • a significant source of energy is required to move such a flap, whether or not it carries the component.
  • This energy source must also have a secure operation to avoid inadvertent arming of the component that would be detrimental to safety.
  • the patent US 6964231 describes such a micro-machined safety device comprising a flap carrying a pyrotechnic charge and sliding by the action of the centrifugal force. This shutter itself is immobilized by a lock that is erased by the acceleration of firing of the projectile.
  • the patent FR-2892810 describes another safety device implementing a micro-machined screen which is interposed between a conventional pyrotechnic component and the explosive charge that it must initiate.
  • Electromechanical actuators equip safety and arming devices when used in applications that do not implement environmental forces sufficient to move the moving parts and arm the device.
  • control means they implement are electromechanical means for which it is necessary to provide sources of energy, which limits the possibilities of reducing their size.
  • the invention thus proposes to make a micro-initiator that incorporates all the means to ensure the desired security. It is then unnecessary to add a security and additional arming device.
  • micro-initiator requires only a small amount of electrical energy to ensure both the arming and initiation functions.
  • the subject of the invention is a micro-initiator comprising a pyrotechnic initiation means capable of being initiated by a first ignition means and itself intended to initiate a charge, a micro-initiator characterized in that the pyrotechnic means is formed by an energetic composition set up on a first layer of a substrate and connectable to the charge by a priming channel which is closed off by a movable screen which is arranged on a second substrate layer incorporated in the initiator, the screen being movable from a safety position to an armed position by the action of the gases generated by a first pyrotechnic generator also incorporated in the initiator and initiated by a second ignition means.
  • the first pyrotechnic gas generator may be placed on the first substrate layer and will be placed in communication with one face of the screen via a gas reservoir chimney.
  • the screen will be held in the safety position by at least one lock.
  • the screen may include a transverse hole which will be positioned next to the priming channel when it is in the armed position.
  • the micro-initiator When the micro-initiator is intended to equip a munition fired by a weapon, it may include a lock erased by inertia when firing the ammunition.
  • the lock can be housed in its locking position in the transverse hole of the screen.
  • the micro-initiator may comprise at least one electromechanical lock.
  • the electromechanical lock may be supported by two conductive beams of different dimensions and will pivot by the effect of a differential thermal expansion of the two beams.
  • the micro-initiator may include a second pyrotechnic gas generator which will be positioned so that the pressure of the generated gases will push the screen to its safety position.
  • the second generator the volume reserved for the gases that it generates and the surfaces of the screen subjected to the pressures will advantageously be dimensioned so that the effort resulting from the action of the second generator is greater than that resulting from the action. of the first generator.
  • the second generator may be initiated by a rise in temperature, its autoignition temperature being chosen lower than that ensuring self-ignition of the pyrotechnic initiation means.
  • the second generator may be initiated by a third ignition means.
  • the different ignition means are integral with a third substrate layer which is applied to the first layer carrying the pyrotechnic ignition means and the gas generating compositions.
  • the third layer of substrate may comprise switch means for controlling the ignition means.
  • the third layer may incorporate electronic control means switches and / or ignition means.
  • the third layer will advantageously be connected to a fourth layer which will incorporate electronic means for controlling switches and / or ignition means.
  • the figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a micro-initiator 1 according to the invention.
  • This component 1 is made in the form of a stack of several layers of substrate.
  • a first layer 2 of substrate is a silicon layer which receives a pyrotechnic initiating means 3 disposed in a cavity 4.
  • This pyrotechnic initiation means is here an energetic pyrotechnic composition, for example a composition that can enter detonation or combustion / deflagration according to the type of component concerned (detonator or igniter). For example, it is possible to use a composition based on lead azide.
  • composition 3 is intended to initiate a pyrotechnic charge 5 which is for example a relay explosive disposed in a casing 5a shown here schematically.
  • Relay 5 will for example be associated with a munition.
  • the energy composition 3 is connected to the charge 5 by a priming channel 6 which passes through the different substrate layers.
  • the microinitiator 1 comprises a second substrate layer 7 which is formed of three parts: a lower part 7a, an upper part 7b and a middle part 7c.
  • This second substrate layer 7 encloses a movable screen 8 which will be made either of silicon or of a ceramic having a coefficient of expansion similar to that of silicon in order to avoid any jamming.
  • the mobile screen 8 is able to move in a housing 27 which is arranged in the middle portion 7c of the second layer 7.
  • the first substrate layer 2 also carries a first pyrotechnic gas generator 9 which is disposed in a cavity 10.
  • the cavity 10 of the generator 9 is connected to a chimney 11 arranged in the upper part 7b of the second substrate layer 7.
  • the first pyrotechnic generator 9 is constituted by a pyrotechnic composition generating gas.
  • the chimney 11 forms a reservoir for the gases generated by the generator 9. The pressure of these gases will be exerted on a rear face 8a of the screen 8.
  • a layer 12 of a dielectric membrane (for example made of silicon oxide) is applied to the rear face of the first substrate layer 2. This membrane makes it possible to isolate the pyrotechnic compositions 3 and 9 of the electrical control circuits to ensure their initiation.
  • These electrical circuits comprise ignition means 13 and 14 which are formed by conductive son to be heated by Joule effect by means of an electric generator (not shown).
  • the ignition means 13 and 14 are integral with a third substrate layer 15 (made for example of silicon) which is applied to the first layer 2.
  • the ignition means 13, 14 will be associated with switch means for controlling these ignition means.
  • control circuit 16 which comprises the ignition means 13 and 14 and a number of switches.
  • a first branch 13a, 14a of each ignition means 13 and 14 is connected to a contact pad 17 which is also connected to the electrical ground of the various control circuits.
  • a second branch 13b of the first ignition means 13 (which ensures the initiation of the pyrotechnic means 3), is connected to a control pad 18 via a normally closed switch 19.
  • Another normally closed switch 20 connects in addition, this second branch 13b to the ground stud 17.
  • the first ignition means 13 is short-circuited, its two branches 13a and 13b are both connected to ground.
  • a normally open switch 21 also makes it possible to connect the second branch 13b to the ground stud 17.
  • This architecture of switches constitutes a means of electrical safety of the first ignition means 13.
  • the switch 20 provides electrical safety.
  • the current transmitted by a control means (not shown) through the stud 18 can not heat the first ignition means 13.
  • To lift this electrical safety is controlled opening of the switch 20. It then becomes possible to control the initiation of the primary composition 3 by the first ignition means 13.
  • the switches have been schematically represented on the figure 5 . They will be advantageously made in the form of electrothermally controlled micro-switches and without moving parts that will be made by micro-etching according to MEMS techniques. Such normally open or normally closed microswitches are described by US Pat. FR2884602 and it is not necessary to describe them here in more detail.
  • switches using static electronic switches. These components will either be incorporated in the third layer 15 or incorporated in a complementary hybrid circuit 40 which is attached to the third layer and in electrical contact (links 41 and 42) with it.
  • the third layer 15 will then carry only the ignition means 13 and 14.
  • the hybrid circuit 40 will also carry the electronic control means (micro-controller or microprocessor) and the energy source (elements not shown).
  • the ignition means 14 of the first pyrotechnic generator 9 is connected by its second branch 14b to a control pad 22 which is like the pad 18 connected to an electronic control means (not shown).
  • the mobile screen 8 has a transverse hole 23 in which is positioned a latch 24.
  • the latch 24 is an inertia lock which is held in its locking position by a compression spring 25. This latch slides in a hole 35 formed in the lower part 7a is the second layer 7. It has a diameter sufficient to ensure maintaining the screen 8 in the safety position in case of accidental initiation of the gas generator 9.
  • the compression spring 25 is defined so as to be deformed only when the latch 24 is subjected to the inertial forces resulting from the firing of a munition carrying the microinitiator according to the invention.
  • the architecture of the munition will be such that the micro-initiator 1 is correctly oriented so that the firing acceleration can effectively erase the latch 24.
  • the latch 24 may be made of silicon, ceramic or metal.
  • a locking means 26 is disposed at the hole 27. This means is intended to ensure the immobilization of the latch 24 in its erased position.
  • the locking means 26 is shown schematically here as a finger integral with a flexible blade, finger can be erased radially to let the lock and then positioned to prevent the return of the lock. It is understood that this means may structurally have a different shape that can be obtained with micro-etching MEMS techniques.
  • the housing 27 contains a second pyrotechnic gas generator 28 which is disposed at its opposite end to that where the chimney 11 opens.
  • micro-initiator itself and the second gas generator 28 will be dimensioned so that the force resulting from the action of the second generator 28 is greater than that resulting from the action of the first generator 9.
  • the micro-initiator it will be possible to play in particular on the volumes reserved for the gases generated by the first generator 9 and by the second generator 28, as well as on the values of the surfaces 8a. and 8b of the screen 8 which are subject to the pressures.
  • the second generator 28 is initiated by raising the ambient temperature.
  • the generator gas composition of this generator 28 will be chosen so that its autoignition temperature is lower (of the order of 100 ° C.) than that ensuring the self-ignition of the initiation pyrotechnic means 3.
  • the figure 2 shows the micro-initiator 1 in the armed position.
  • the acceleration due to the firing of the ammunition which encloses it caused the erasure of the lock 24.
  • the electronic control means controlled the initiation of the first gas generator 9.
  • the pressure of the generated gases made the screen 8 pass to its armed position.
  • a means 29 ensuring the locking of the screen 8 in its armed position.
  • This means is here a flexible tongue carrying a locking finger. It may also be constituted by a pin pushed by a spring and which will cooperate with a piercing of the screen 8.
  • a rise in temperature (related to a fire) can cause the initiation of the first gas generator 9 thus the passage of the device to its armed position while no electrical signal controlling such armament has been given.
  • the invention therefore proposes to incorporate the second gas generator 28 which has a self-ignition temperature lower than that of the ignition means 3.
  • the sizing has been chosen so that the pressure of gas supplied by the second gas generator 28 generates a force on the screen 8 which is greater than that generated by the action of the first gas generator 9.
  • the device will be dimensioned so that the locking means 29 is also broken.
  • a stop 31 which limits the stroke of the screen 8 pushed by the gases of the second generator 28. It is indeed essential that the screen remains in a position ensuring the interruption of the priming channel 6. This stop will be realized by micromachining of the second layer 7 of the substrate.
  • the different layers 2, 7, 15 of substrate are made according to the technique of integrated circuits incorporating MEMS.
  • the third substrate layer 15 carrying the ignition means 13 and 14 will also be produced, as will the switch means for controlling the ignition means and, optionally, the electronic control means for the switches and the means of ignition. 'ignition.
  • the first substrate 2 and the third substrate 15 will be bonded.
  • the first substrate 2 may then receive pyrotechnic materials 3 and 9.
  • the second substrate layer 7 For machining conveniences, the upper part 7b of the second layer 7 will be made by micro-etching of the chimney 10 and the ignition channel 6. The machining means 31 and the various latches 29 and 30 will be produced during this machining.
  • the lower and middle portions 7a, 7b of the second layer 7 are produced.
  • the hole 35, the ignition channel 6 and the housing 27 for the screen are microetched.
  • the ceramic screen 8 is made according to a different technology.
  • the inertial lock 24 and its spring 25 and then the gas generating composition 28 and the screen 8 are put in place and the upper part 7b and the lower and middle parts 7a, 7c are secured by gluing.
  • first substrate 2 and the second substrate 7 are adhesively bonded together and the fourth layer 40 is then glued to the assembly, which incorporates electronic control means for the switches and ignition means.
  • micro-initiator whose overall volume is less than 1 cubic centimeter.
  • the total thickness of the micro-initiator will be of the order of 5 mm and the other dimensions (width and length) will be less than 10 mm.
  • micro-initiator has dimensions comparable to that of a conventional pyrotechnic component but incorporates all the electrical and mechanical safety of a complex device. It is therefore no longer necessary to provide a complementary security and arming device.
  • the figure 4 shows another embodiment of a micro-initiator according to the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one in that the second gas generator 28 is disposed in a cavity 33 formed in the first substrate layer 2.
  • the cavity communicates with the housing 27 of the screen 8 by a chimney 32 which is machined in the upper part 7b of the second substrate layer.
  • the function performed by the second generator 28 is identical to that described above.
  • the pressure of the gases generated pushes the screen 8 to its sterilization position which ensures the safety of the device.
  • a pyrotechnic composition having a self-ignition temperature lower than that ensuring the self-ignition of the initiation pyrotechnic means 3 will be chosen.
  • a first advantage presented by this embodiment is that the placing of all the pyrotechnic compositions 3, 9 and 28 is on the same substrate layer 2. It is thus easier to mount the micro-initiator, all the pyrotechnic steps of the process being performed on a single and same substrate layer.
  • Another advantage of this embodiment is that it becomes possible to provide at the level of the third substrate layer 15 an initiation means 34 specific to the second gas generating composition 28 (third ignition means 34). It suffices to give the cavity 33 a depth substantially equal to that of the other cavities 4 and 12, ie such that the composition 28 is separated from the third ignition means 34 only by the thickness of the membrane 12.
  • the figure 6 shows an example of a control circuit of a control circuit 16 which comprises the ignition means 13, 14 and 34.
  • switches 19, 20, 21 securing the first ignition means 13 and a set of switches 36, 37 and 38 securing the second ignition means 14 of the first generating composition of FIG. gas 9).
  • Switches 36 and 37 are normally closed switches.
  • Switch 38 is a normally open switch.
  • the switch 37 ensures the short circuiting of the ignition means 14. The opening of this switch allows the operation of this means.
  • the opening of the switch 36 and the closing of the switch 38 makes it possible to sterilize from an electric point of view the ignition means 14.
  • a first branch 34a of this third ignition means 34 is connected to the ground contact pad 17.
  • a second branch 34b of the third ignition means 34 is connected to a control pad 39.
  • a detonator-type microinitiator has been described here.
  • a micro-initiator of the igniter type It suffices for this to choose as a pyrotechnic initiation means 3 an inflammatory pyrotechnic composition.
  • micro-initiator in which the locking of the screen 8 is ensured, not by inertial means, but by at least one electromechanical lock.
  • Such a variant is more particularly adapted to the case of munitions that are not fired by gun and for which the inertial forces are therefore insufficient.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b an electromechanical lock 43 which comprises a rod 44 which is in the locking position in a lateral bore 47 carried by the screen 8.
  • the micro-initiator is represented here very schematically and only the screen 8 is visible in view of above in its housing 27 arranged in the second layer 7.
  • the transverse hole 23 carried by the screen is also visible in the figures.
  • the rod 44 of the electromechanical lock 43 is supported by two conductive beams 45a and 45b which are of different dimensions and each connected to a contact 46a, 46b.
  • the contacts 46a, 46b are connected to an electric generator (not shown) which will be integral for example with the hybrid circuit 40.
  • the heating causes a dilation thermal of these two beams.
  • the surface difference between the two beams causes a differential expansion which leads to the pivoting of the rod 44 relative to the screen 8.
  • the rod 44 can effectively disengage from its housing 47 and release the screen 8 which can then move (as previously described) by the action on the face 8a of the screen 8 of the gases generated by a gas generator (not shown).

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Abstract

The subject of the invention is a micro-initiator 1 comprising a pyrotechnic initiation means 3 that can be initiated by a first ignition means 13 and is itself intended for igniting a charge 5. This micro-initiator is characterized in that the pyrotechnic means 3 is formed by an energetic composition placed on a first layer 2 of a substrate and able to be connected to the charge 5 via an ignition channel 6 which is closed off by a movable screen 8, which is located on a second substrate layer 7 incorporated in the initiator, which screen 8 can be moved from a safe position to an armed position through the action of the gases generated by a first pyrotechnic generator 9 which is itself incorporated into the micro-initiator 1 and initiated by a second ignition means 14.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des amorces ou initiateurs pyrotechniques, tels que les inflammateurs ou les détonateurs.The technical field of the invention is that of pyrotechnic primers or initiators, such as igniters or detonators.

Ces composants comprennent généralement un moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation, par exemple une composition explosive primaire (pour un détonateur) ou une composition inflammatrice (pour un inflammateur). Ce moyen pyrotechnique est lui-même susceptible d'être initié par un moyen d'allumage, par exemple une résistance chauffante reliée à un générateur électrique.These components generally comprise a pyrotechnic initiation means, for example a primary explosive composition (for a detonator) or an inflammatory composition (for an igniter). This pyrotechnic means is itself capable of being initiated by an ignition means, for example a heating resistor connected to an electric generator.

Les composants pyrotechniques sont le premier étage d'une chaîne d'initiation. Lorsque le composant est un détonateur, il assure la mise en détonation d'un chargement explosif, par exemple d'une munition.Pyrotechnic components are the first floor of an initiation chain. When the component is a detonator, it ensures the detonation of an explosive charge, for example a munition.

Lorsque le composant est un inflammateur, il assure l'allumage d'une autre composition, par exemple un chargement propulsif ou un artifice.When the component is an igniter, it ensures the ignition of another composition, for example a propellant charge or a device.

Ces composants pyrotechniques sont extrêmement sensibles, notamment aux chocs, à une élévation de température ou à l'électricité statique. Il se pose ainsi depuis toujours le problème de la sécurité de leur mise en oeuvre.These pyrotechnic components are extremely sensitive, especially to shocks, temperature rise or static electricity. It has always posed the problem of the security of their implementation.

Généralement, on propose d'utiliser un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement qui comporte des moyens mécaniques assurant l'interruption du trajet pyrotechnique entre le composant d'initiation et la charge qu'il doit initier.Generally, it is proposed to use a safety and arming device which comprises mechanical means ensuring the interruption of the pyrotechnic path between the initiating component and the load that it must initiate.

Ces dispositifs sont cependant complexes et encombrants. Leur volume global est de l'ordre de la dizaine de centimètre cubes. Le plus souvent le composant est porté par un volet mobile qui le positionne en regard de la charge à initier ou bien on prévoit un volet d'interruption de chaîne qui est entraîné par des moyens moteurs et vient s'interposer entre le composant et la charge.These devices are however complex and bulky. Their overall volume is of the order of ten cubic centimeter. Most often the component is carried by a movable flap which positions it opposite the charge to be initiated or it provides a chain interruption flap which is driven by motor means and is interposed between the component and the load .

Une source d'énergie non négligeable est nécessaire pour déplacer un tel volet, qu'il porte ou non le composant.A significant source of energy is required to move such a flap, whether or not it carries the component.

Cette source d'énergie doit par ailleurs avoir un fonctionnement sécurisé afin d'éviter un armement intempestif du volet qui serait préjudiciable à la sécurité.This energy source must also have a secure operation to avoid inadvertent arming of the component that would be detrimental to safety.

On cherche depuis quelques temps à miniaturiser les dispositifs de sécurité et d'armement en les réalisant en tout ou partie sous la forme de puces incorporant des éléments électro mécaniques micro-usinés ou micro-gravés, soit dans un élément déposé sur un substrat, soit directement sur le substrat lui-même. Cette technologie connue sous le nom de MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) permet en effet aujourd'hui de réaliser des micro-mécanismes en mettant en oeuvre une technique proche de celle permettant de réaliser les circuits intégrés électroniques.It has been sought for some time to miniaturize the safety and arming devices by realizing all or part of them in the form of chips incorporating micro-machined or micro-etched electro-mechanical elements, either in an element deposited on a substrate or directly on the substrate itself. This technology known as the MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) makes it possible today to achieve micro-mechanisms by implementing a technique similar to that for the realization of electronic integrated circuits.

Le brevet US-6964231 décrit un tel dispositif de sécurité micro-usiné comportant un volet portant une charge pyrotechnique et coulissant par l'action de la force centrifuge. Ce volet est lui-même immobilisé par un verrou qui est effacé par l'accélération de tir du projectile.The patent US 6964231 describes such a micro-machined safety device comprising a flap carrying a pyrotechnic charge and sliding by the action of the centrifugal force. This shutter itself is immobilized by a lock that is erased by the acceleration of firing of the projectile.

Le brevet FR-2892810 décrit un autre dispositif de sécurité mettant en oeuvre un écran micro-usiné qui s'interpose entre un composant pyrotechnique classique et la charge explosive qu'il doit initier.The patent FR-2892810 describes another safety device implementing a micro-machined screen which is interposed between a conventional pyrotechnic component and the explosive charge that it must initiate.

Des actionneurs électromécaniques équipent les dispositifs de sécurité et d'armement lorsqu'ils sont utilisés dans des applications qui ne mettent pas en oeuvre des forces environnementales suffisantes pour déplacer les éléments mobiles et armer le dispositif.Electromechanical actuators equip safety and arming devices when used in applications that do not implement environmental forces sufficient to move the moving parts and arm the device.

Même si les dimensions de ces nouveaux dispositifs ont pu être réduites (volume de l'ordre de 2 à 5 cm)3, les moyens de commande qu'ils mettent en oeuvre sont des moyens électromécaniques pour lesquels il est nécessaire de prévoir des sources d'énergie non négligeables, ce qui limite les possibilités de réduction de leur taille.Even if the dimensions of these new devices have been reduced (volume of the order of 2 to 5 cm) 3 , the control means they implement are electromechanical means for which it is necessary to provide sources of energy, which limits the possibilities of reducing their size.

Par ailleurs, ces moyens utilisent des composants pyrotechniques classiques dont la taille n'est pas réduite et qu'il faut intégrer au dispositif de sécurité au moyen d'interfaces spécifiques.Moreover, these means use conventional pyrotechnic components whose size is not reduced and which must be integrated into the safety device by means of specific interfaces.

Le brevet EP-A-1780495 décrit un micro initiatieur qui forme la base du préambule de la revendication 1.The patent EP-A-1780495 discloses a micro initiator which forms the basis of the preamble of claim 1.

On notera enfin que les solutions dans lesquelles on cherche à incorporer un composant pyrotechnique à un volet mobile (brevet US-6964231 ) sont de mise en oeuvre délicate. La masse pyrotechnique est en effet extrêmement réduite et la mobilité du volet ne doit cependant pas être perturbée par l'adjonction de cette composition.Finally, it should be noted that the solutions in which it is sought to incorporate a pyrotechnic component to a movable component (patent US 6964231 ) are of delicate implementation. The pyrotechnic mass is indeed extremely reduced and the mobility of the shutter must not be disturbed by the addition of this composition.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer un composant pyrotechnique de dimensions réduites mais assurant néanmoins une sécurité de mise en oeuvre élevée.It is the object of the invention to provide a pyrotechnic component of reduced dimensions but nevertheless ensuring high implementation safety.

L'invention propose ainsi de réaliser un micro-initiateur qui incorpore tous les moyens permettant d'assurer la sécurité souhaitée. Il est alors inutile d'ajouter un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement complémentaire.The invention thus proposes to make a micro-initiator that incorporates all the means to ensure the desired security. It is then unnecessary to add a security and additional arming device.

Enfin, le micro-initiateur selon l'invention ne nécessite que peu d'énergie électrique pour assurer, tant les fonctions d'armement que celles d'initiation.Finally, the micro-initiator according to the invention requires only a small amount of electrical energy to ensure both the arming and initiation functions.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un micro-initiateur comprenant un moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation susceptible d'être initié par un premier moyen d'allumage et destiné lui-même à amorcer une charge, micro-initiateur caractérisé en ce que le moyen pyrotechnique est formé par une composition énergétique mise en place sur une première couche d'un substrat et pouvant être reliée à la charge par un canal d'amorçage qui est obturé par un écran mobile qui est disposé sur une deuxième couche de substrat incorporée à l'initiateur, l'écran pouvant être déplacé d'une position de sécurité à une position armée par l'action des gaz engendrés par un premier générateur pyrotechnique lui aussi incorporé à l'initiateur et initié par un second moyen d'allumage.Thus, the subject of the invention is a micro-initiator comprising a pyrotechnic initiation means capable of being initiated by a first ignition means and itself intended to initiate a charge, a micro-initiator characterized in that the pyrotechnic means is formed by an energetic composition set up on a first layer of a substrate and connectable to the charge by a priming channel which is closed off by a movable screen which is arranged on a second substrate layer incorporated in the initiator, the screen being movable from a safety position to an armed position by the action of the gases generated by a first pyrotechnic generator also incorporated in the initiator and initiated by a second ignition means.

Le premier générateur de gaz pyrotechnique pourra être mis en place sur la première couche de substrat et il sera mis en communication avec une face de l'écran par l'intermédiaire d'une cheminée formant réservoir de gaz.The first pyrotechnic gas generator may be placed on the first substrate layer and will be placed in communication with one face of the screen via a gas reservoir chimney.

L'écran sera maintenu en position de sécurité par au moins un verrou.The screen will be held in the safety position by at least one lock.

L'écran pourra notamment comporter un trou transversal qui se positionnera en regard du canal d'amorçage lorsqu'il se trouvera en position armée.The screen may include a transverse hole which will be positioned next to the priming channel when it is in the armed position.

Lorsque le micro-initiateur est destiné à équiper une munition tirée par une arme, il pourra comprendre un verrou effacé par inertie lors du tir de la munition.When the micro-initiator is intended to equip a munition fired by a weapon, it may include a lock erased by inertia when firing the ammunition.

Le verrou pourra se loger dans sa position de verrouillage dans le trou transversal de l'écran.The lock can be housed in its locking position in the transverse hole of the screen.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le micro-initiateur pourra comprendre au moins un verrou électromécanique.According to another embodiment, the micro-initiator may comprise at least one electromechanical lock.

Le verrou électromécanique pourra être supporté par deux poutres conductrices de dimensions différentes et pivotera par l'effet d'une dilatation thermique différentielle des deux poutres.The electromechanical lock may be supported by two conductive beams of different dimensions and will pivot by the effect of a differential thermal expansion of the two beams.

Le micro-initiateur pourra comporter un deuxième générateur de gaz pyrotechnique qui sera positionné de telle sorte que la pression des gaz engendrés poussera l'écran vers sa position de sécurité.The micro-initiator may include a second pyrotechnic gas generator which will be positioned so that the pressure of the generated gases will push the screen to its safety position.

Le deuxième générateur, le volume réservé aux gaz qu'il engendre et les surfaces de l'écran soumises aux pressions seront avantageusement dimensionnés de telle sorte que l'effort résultant de l'action du deuxième générateur est supérieure à celui résultant de l'action du premier générateur.The second generator, the volume reserved for the gases that it generates and the surfaces of the screen subjected to the pressures will advantageously be dimensioned so that the effort resulting from the action of the second generator is greater than that resulting from the action. of the first generator.

Le deuxième générateur pourra être initié par une élévation de la température, sa température d'auto inflammation étant choisie inférieure à celle assurant auto inflammation du moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation.The second generator may be initiated by a rise in temperature, its autoignition temperature being chosen lower than that ensuring self-ignition of the pyrotechnic initiation means.

Le deuxième générateur pourra être initié par un troisième moyen d'allumage.The second generator may be initiated by a third ignition means.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les différents moyens d'allumage sont solidaires d'une troisième couche de substrat qui est appliquée sur la première couche portant le moyen pyrotechnique d'allumage et les compositions génératrices de gaz.According to one embodiment, the different ignition means are integral with a third substrate layer which is applied to the first layer carrying the pyrotechnic ignition means and the gas generating compositions.

La troisième couche de substrat pourra comporter des moyens interrupteurs permettant la commande des moyens d'allumage.The third layer of substrate may comprise switch means for controlling the ignition means.

La troisième couche pourra incorporer des moyens électroniques de pilotage des interrupteurs et/ou des moyens d'allumage.The third layer may incorporate electronic control means switches and / or ignition means.

La troisième couche sera avantageusement reliée à une quatrième couche qui incorporera des moyens électroniques de pilotage des interrupteurs et/ou des moyens d'allumage.The third layer will advantageously be connected to a fourth layer which will incorporate electronic means for controlling switches and / or ignition means.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un micro-initiateur selon un premier exemple de réalisation de l'invention, le micro-initiateur étant en position de sécurité,
  • la figure 2 montre ce même initiateur en position armée,
  • la figure 3 montre l'initiateur en position stérilisée,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique d'un deuxième exemple de réalisation du micro-initiateur selon l'invention,
  • la figure 5 montre un schéma de réalisation de la troisième couche de substrat incorporant des moyens interrupteurs assurant la sécurisation des moyens d'allumage,
  • la figure 6 montre un schéma d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de la troisième couche de substrat incorporant des moyens interrupteurs assurant la sécurisation des moyens d'allumage, ce schéma étant associé au mode de réalisation de la figure 4, et
  • les figures 7a et 7b montrent un autre mode de réalisation d'un verrou assurant l'immobilisation de l'écran, la figure 7a montrant l'écran verrouillé et la figure 7b l'écran déverrouillé.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of particular embodiments, a description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a micro-initiator according to a first embodiment of the invention, the micro-initiator being in a safety position,
  • the figure 2 shows this same initiator in armed position,
  • the figure 3 shows the initiator in the sterilized position,
  • the figure 4 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the microinitiator according to the invention,
  • the figure 5 shows a diagram of realization of the third layer of substrate incorporating switch means ensuring the securing of the ignition means,
  • the figure 6 shows a diagram of a second embodiment of the third substrate layer incorporating switch means ensuring the securing of the ignition means, this diagram being associated with the embodiment of the figure 4 , and
  • the Figures 7a and 7b show another embodiment of a lock ensuring the immobilization of the screen, the figure 7a showing the locked screen and the figure 7b the screen unlocked.

La figure 1 montre un premier exemple de réalisation d'un micro-initiateur 1 selon l'invention. Ce composant 1 est réalisé sous la forme d'un empilement de plusieurs couches de substrat.The figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a micro-initiator 1 according to the invention. This component 1 is made in the form of a stack of several layers of substrate.

Une première couche 2 de substrat est une couche de silicium qui reçoit un moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation 3, disposé dans une cavité 4.A first layer 2 of substrate is a silicon layer which receives a pyrotechnic initiating means 3 disposed in a cavity 4.

Ce moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation est ici une composition pyrotechnique énergétique, par exemple une composition pouvant entrer en régime de détonation ou de combustion/déflagration selon le type de composant visé (détonateur ou inflammateur). On pourra par exemple mettre en oeuvre une composition à base d'azoture de plomb.This pyrotechnic initiation means is here an energetic pyrotechnic composition, for example a composition that can enter detonation or combustion / deflagration according to the type of component concerned (detonator or igniter). For example, it is possible to use a composition based on lead azide.

La composition 3 est destinée à amorcer une charge pyrotechnique 5 qui est par exemple un explosif relais disposé dans une enveloppe 5a représentée ici schématiquement. Le relais 5 sera par exemple associé à une munition.The composition 3 is intended to initiate a pyrotechnic charge 5 which is for example a relay explosive disposed in a casing 5a shown here schematically. Relay 5 will for example be associated with a munition.

La composition énergétique 3 est reliée à la charge 5 par un canal d'amorçage 6 qui traverse les différentes couches de substrat.The energy composition 3 is connected to the charge 5 by a priming channel 6 which passes through the different substrate layers.

Le micro-initiateur 1 comprend une deuxième couche de substrat 7 qui est formée de trois parties : une partie inférieure 7a, une partie supérieure 7b et une partie médiane 7c.The microinitiator 1 comprises a second substrate layer 7 which is formed of three parts: a lower part 7a, an upper part 7b and a middle part 7c.

Ces trois parties 7a,7b et 7c seront réalisées par exemple en silicium (ou encore en aluminium). Cette deuxième couche de substrat 7 renferme un écran mobile 8 qui sera réalisé soit en silicium soit en une céramique ayant un coefficient de dilatation analogue à celui du silicium afin d'éviter tout coincement. L'écran mobile 8 est susceptible de se déplacer dans un logement 27 qui est aménagé dans la partie médiane 7c de la deuxième couche 7.These three parts 7a, 7b and 7c will be made for example of silicon (or aluminum). This second substrate layer 7 encloses a movable screen 8 which will be made either of silicon or of a ceramic having a coefficient of expansion similar to that of silicon in order to avoid any jamming. The mobile screen 8 is able to move in a housing 27 which is arranged in the middle portion 7c of the second layer 7.

On remarque sur la figure 1 que la première couche 2 de substrat porte aussi un premier générateur de gaz pyrotechnique 9 qui est disposé dans une cavité 10.We notice on the figure 1 that the first substrate layer 2 also carries a first pyrotechnic gas generator 9 which is disposed in a cavity 10.

La cavité 10 du générateur 9 est reliée à une cheminée 11 aménagée dans la partie supérieure 7b de la deuxième couche de substrat 7. Le premier générateur pyrotechnique 9 est constitué par une composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz.The cavity 10 of the generator 9 is connected to a chimney 11 arranged in the upper part 7b of the second substrate layer 7. The first pyrotechnic generator 9 is constituted by a pyrotechnic composition generating gas.

La cheminée 11 forme un réservoir pour les gaz engendrés par le générateur 9. La pression de ces gaz s'exercera sur une face arrière 8a de l'écran 8.The chimney 11 forms a reservoir for the gases generated by the generator 9. The pressure of these gases will be exerted on a rear face 8a of the screen 8.

Une couche 12 d'une membrane diélectrique (par exemple en oxyde de silicium) est appliquée sur la face arrière de la première couche de substrat 2. Cette membrane permet d'isoler les compositions pyrotechniques 3 et 9 d'avec les circuits électriques de commande permettant d'assurer leur initiation.A layer 12 of a dielectric membrane (for example made of silicon oxide) is applied to the rear face of the first substrate layer 2. This membrane makes it possible to isolate the pyrotechnic compositions 3 and 9 of the electrical control circuits to ensure their initiation.

Ces circuits électriques comprennent des moyens d'allumage 13 et 14 qui sont formés par des fils conducteurs destinés à être chauffés par effet Joule au moyen d'un générateur électrique (non représenté).These electrical circuits comprise ignition means 13 and 14 which are formed by conductive son to be heated by Joule effect by means of an electric generator (not shown).

Les moyens d'allumage 13 et 14 sont solidaires d'une troisième couche 15 de substrat (réalisée par exemple en silicium) qui est appliquée sur la première couche 2.The ignition means 13 and 14 are integral with a third substrate layer 15 (made for example of silicon) which is applied to the first layer 2.

Avantageusement on associera aux moyens d'allumage 13,14 des moyens interrupteurs permettant la commande de ces moyens d'allumage.Advantageously, the ignition means 13, 14 will be associated with switch means for controlling these ignition means.

On a représenté sur la figure 5 un exemple d'un circuit de commande 16 qui comprend les moyens d'allumage 13 et 14 ainsi qu'un certain nombre d'interrupteurs.We have shown on the figure 5 an example of a control circuit 16 which comprises the ignition means 13 and 14 and a number of switches.

Une première branche 13a, 14a de chaque moyen d'allumage 13 et 14 est reliée à un plot de contact 17 qui est raccordé par ailleurs à la masse électrique des différents circuits de commande.A first branch 13a, 14a of each ignition means 13 and 14 is connected to a contact pad 17 which is also connected to the electrical ground of the various control circuits.

Une deuxième branche 13b du premier moyen d'allumage 13 (qui assure l'initiation du moyen pyrotechnique 3), est reliée à un plot de commande 18 par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur normalement fermé 19. Un autre interrupteur normalement fermé 20 relie par ailleurs cette deuxième branche 13b au plot de masse 17.A second branch 13b of the first ignition means 13 (which ensures the initiation of the pyrotechnic means 3), is connected to a control pad 18 via a normally closed switch 19. Another normally closed switch 20 connects in addition, this second branch 13b to the ground stud 17.

Ainsi à l'état de sécurité électrique qui est représenté sur cette figure 5, le premier moyen d'allumage 13 se trouve court-circuité, ses deux branches 13a et 13b étant toutes deux reliées à la masse.So in the state of electrical safety that is represented on this figure 5 , the first ignition means 13 is short-circuited, its two branches 13a and 13b are both connected to ground.

Un interrupteur 21 normalement ouvert permet lui aussi de relier la deuxième branche 13b au plot de masse 17.A normally open switch 21 also makes it possible to connect the second branch 13b to the ground stud 17.

Cette architecture d'interrupteurs constitue un moyen de sécurisation électrique du premier moyen d'allumage 13.This architecture of switches constitutes a means of electrical safety of the first ignition means 13.

Une telle architecture est décrite par le brevet FR2884602 . En court circuitant le moyen 13, l'interrupteur 20 assure une sécurité électrique. Le courant transmis par un moyen de commande (non représenté) au travers du plot 18 ne peut échauffer le premier moyen d'allumage 13. Pour lever cette sécurité électrique on commande l'ouverture de l'interrupteur 20. Il devient alors possible de commander l'initiation de la composition primaire 3 par le premier moyen d'allumage 13.Such an architecture is described by the patent FR2884602 . By short circuit means 13, the switch 20 provides electrical safety. The current transmitted by a control means (not shown) through the stud 18 can not heat the first ignition means 13. To lift this electrical safety is controlled opening of the switch 20. It then becomes possible to control the initiation of the primary composition 3 by the first ignition means 13.

Si on souhaite stériliser le moyen d'allumage pour interdire tout fonctionnement ultérieur, il suffit d'une part d'ouvrir l'interrupteur 19 et d'autre part de fermer l'interrupteur 21 qui court circuite le moyen 13 et assure à nouveau la sécurité électrique.If it is desired to sterilize the ignition means to prohibit any subsequent operation, it suffices on the one hand to open the switch 19 and on the other hand to close the switch 21 which runs the means 13 and ensures again the electrical safety.

Les interrupteurs ont été représentés d'une façon schématique sur la figure 5. Ils seront avantageusement réalisés sous la forme de micro-interrupteurs à commande électrothermique et sans pièces mobiles qui seront réalisés par micro-gravure suivant les techniques MEMS. De tels micro-interrupteurs normalement ouverts ou normalement fermés sont décrits par le brevet FR2884602 et il n'est donc pas nécessaire de les décrire ici plus en détails.The switches have been schematically represented on the figure 5 . They will be advantageously made in the form of electrothermally controlled micro-switches and without moving parts that will be made by micro-etching according to MEMS techniques. Such normally open or normally closed microswitches are described by US Pat. FR2884602 and it is not necessary to describe them here in more detail.

Il est possible également de réaliser le montage d'interrupteurs en utilisant des interrupteurs électroniques statiques. Ces composants seront, soit incorporés à la troisième couche 15, soit incorporés à un circuit hybride complémentaire 40 qui est fixé à la troisième couche et en contact électrique (liaisons 41 et 42) avec celle ci. La troisième couche 15 ne portera alors que les moyens d'allumage 13 et 14. Le circuit hybride 40 portera aussi le moyen électronique de commande (micro-contrôleur ou microprocesseur) ainsi que la source d'énergie (éléments non représentés).It is also possible to mount switches using static electronic switches. These components will either be incorporated in the third layer 15 or incorporated in a complementary hybrid circuit 40 which is attached to the third layer and in electrical contact (links 41 and 42) with it. The third layer 15 will then carry only the ignition means 13 and 14. The hybrid circuit 40 will also carry the electronic control means (micro-controller or microprocessor) and the energy source (elements not shown).

On voit sur la figure 5 que le moyen d'allumage 14 du premier générateur pyrotechnique 9 est relié par sa deuxième branche 14b à un plot de commande 22 qui est tout comme le plot 18 raccordé à un moyen électronique de commande (non représenté).We see on the figure 5 that the ignition means 14 of the first pyrotechnic generator 9 is connected by its second branch 14b to a control pad 22 which is like the pad 18 connected to an electronic control means (not shown).

On n'a pas représenté sur la figure 5 de moyen de sécurisation électrique par interrupteurs associé au moyen d'initiation 14. Il est bien entendu possible de prévoir un ensemble d'interrupteurs analogue à celui décrit précédemment pour sécuriser et stériliser le moyen d'initiation 14.We did not represent on the figure 5 of electrical securing means by switches associated with the initiation means 14. It is of course possible to provide a set of switches similar to that described above for securing and sterilizing the initiation means 14.

On voit sur la figure 1 que l'écran mobile 8 comporte un trou transversal 23 dans lequel se positionne un verrou 24.We see on the figure 1 that the mobile screen 8 has a transverse hole 23 in which is positioned a latch 24.

Le verrou 24 est un verrou à inertie qui est maintenu dans sa position de verrouillage par un ressort de compression 25. Ce verrou coulisse dans un trou 35 aménagé dans la partie inférieure 7a se la deuxième couche 7. Il a un diamètre suffisant pour pouvoir assurer le maintien de l'écran 8 en position de sécurité en cas d'initiation accidentelle du générateur de gaz 9.The latch 24 is an inertia lock which is held in its locking position by a compression spring 25. This latch slides in a hole 35 formed in the lower part 7a is the second layer 7. It has a diameter sufficient to ensure maintaining the screen 8 in the safety position in case of accidental initiation of the gas generator 9.

Le ressort de compression 25 est défini de façon à n'être déformé que lorsque le verrou 24 est soumis aux efforts d'inertie consécutifs au tir d'une munition emportant le micro-initiateur selon l'invention.The compression spring 25 is defined so as to be deformed only when the latch 24 is subjected to the inertial forces resulting from the firing of a munition carrying the microinitiator according to the invention.

Bien entendu l'architecture de la munition sera telle que le micro-initiateur 1 soit correctement orienté pour que l'accélération de tir puisse effectivement effacer le verrou 24.Of course the architecture of the munition will be such that the micro-initiator 1 is correctly oriented so that the firing acceleration can effectively erase the latch 24.

Le verrou 24 pourra être réalisé en silicium, en céramique ou bien en métal. Un moyen de blocage 26 est disposé au niveau du trou 27. Ce moyen a pour but d'assurer l'immobilisation du verrou 24 dans sa position effacée. Le moyen de blocage 26 est représenté ici schématiquement comme un doigt solidaire d'une lame flexible, doigt pouvant s'effacer radialement pour laisser passer le verrou puis se positionnant pour empêcher le retour du verrou. Il est bien entendu que ce moyen pourra avoir structurellement une forme différente pouvant être obtenue avec les techniques de micro-gravure des MEMS.The latch 24 may be made of silicon, ceramic or metal. A locking means 26 is disposed at the hole 27. This means is intended to ensure the immobilization of the latch 24 in its erased position. The locking means 26 is shown schematically here as a finger integral with a flexible blade, finger can be erased radially to let the lock and then positioned to prevent the return of the lock. It is understood that this means may structurally have a different shape that can be obtained with micro-etching MEMS techniques.

Comme cela est visible à la figure 1, le logement 27 renferme un deuxième générateur de gaz pyrotechnique 28 qui est disposé au niveau de son extrémité opposée à celle où débouche la cheminée 11.As can be seen in figure 1 , the housing 27 contains a second pyrotechnic gas generator 28 which is disposed at its opposite end to that where the chimney 11 opens.

La pression des gaz engendrés par ce deuxième générateur s'exercera sur la face 8b de l'écran et aura pour effet de pousser l'écran 8 vers sa position de sécurité.The pressure of the gases generated by this second generator will exert on the face 8b of the screen and will have the effect of pushing the screen 8 to its safety position.

On dimensionnera le micro-initiateur lui-même ainsi que le deuxième générateur de gaz 28 de telle sorte que l'effort résultant de l'action du deuxième générateur 28 soit supérieur à celui résultant de l'action du premier générateur 9. Pour dimensionner le micro-initiateur on pourra notamment jouer sur les volumes réservés aux gaz engendrés par le premier générateur 9 et par le deuxième générateur 28, ainsi que sur les valeurs des surfaces 8a et 8b de l'écran 8 qui sont soumises aux pressions.The micro-initiator itself and the second gas generator 28 will be dimensioned so that the force resulting from the action of the second generator 28 is greater than that resulting from the action of the first generator 9. In order to size the micro-initiator it will be possible to play in particular on the volumes reserved for the gases generated by the first generator 9 and by the second generator 28, as well as on the values of the surfaces 8a. and 8b of the screen 8 which are subject to the pressures.

Suivant le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 1, le deuxième générateur 28 est initié par une élévation de la température ambiante. On choisira la composition génératrice de gaz de ce générateur 28 de telle sorte que sa température d'auto inflammation soit inférieure (de l'ordre de 100°C) à celle assurant l'auto inflammation du moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation 3.According to the embodiment shown in figure 1 the second generator 28 is initiated by raising the ambient temperature. The generator gas composition of this generator 28 will be chosen so that its autoignition temperature is lower (of the order of 100 ° C.) than that ensuring the self-ignition of the initiation pyrotechnic means 3.

La figure 2 montre le micro-initiateur 1 en position armée. L'accélération due au tir de la munition qui le renferme a provoqué l'effacement du verrou 24.The figure 2 shows the micro-initiator 1 in the armed position. The acceleration due to the firing of the ammunition which encloses it caused the erasure of the lock 24.

Parallèlement le moyen électronique de commande a commandé l'initiation du premier générateur de gaz 9. La pression des gaz engendrés à fait passer l'écran 8 à sa position armée.At the same time, the electronic control means controlled the initiation of the first gas generator 9. The pressure of the generated gases made the screen 8 pass to its armed position.

On voit que dans cette position armée le trou 23 de l'écran 8 se positionne en regard du canal d'amorçage 6.We see that in this armed position the hole 23 of the screen 8 is positioned next to the priming channel 6.

Avec une telle disposition, une course relativement réduite de l'écran 8 permet d'assurer le passage d'une position de sécurité à une position armée. Une telle disposition permet de réduire la taille du micro-initiateur et d'augmenter sa fiabilité. En effet une course réduite pour l'écran 8 permet de réduire les risques de coincement de ce dernier dans son logement 27.With such an arrangement, a relatively small stroke of the screen 8 makes it possible to ensure the passage from a safety position to an armed position. Such an arrangement makes it possible to reduce the size of the microinitiator and to increase its reliability. Indeed a reduced race for the screen 8 reduces the risk of jamming of the latter in its housing 27.

On a représenté schématiquement sur la figure 2 un moyen 29 assurant le verrouillage de l'écran 8 dans sa position armée. Ce moyen est ici une languette flexible portant un doigt de verrouillage. Il pourra également être constitué par une goupille poussée par un ressort et qui coopérera avec un perçage de l'écran 8.Diagrammatically shown on the figure 2 a means 29 ensuring the locking of the screen 8 in its armed position. This means is here a flexible tongue carrying a locking finger. It may also be constituted by a pin pushed by a spring and which will cooperate with a piercing of the screen 8.

On a représenté à la figure 3 la position du micro-initiateur 1 lorsqu'une élévation de la température ambiante a provoqué l'initiation du premier 9 et du deuxième 28 générateurs de gaz.We have shown figure 3 the position of micro-initiator 1 when a rise in ambient temperature caused the initiation of the first 9 and second 28 gas generators.

Une telle situation est rencontrée par exemple en phases de stockage du micro-initiateur ou de la munition qui l'incorpore.Such a situation is encountered, for example, in the storage phases of the microinitiator or the ammunition which incorporates it.

Une élévation de température (liée à un incendie) peut provoquer l'initiation du premier générateur de gaz 9 donc le passage du dispositif à sa position armée alors qu'aucun signal électrique commandant un tel armement n'a été donné.A rise in temperature (related to a fire) can cause the initiation of the first gas generator 9 thus the passage of the device to its armed position while no electrical signal controlling such armament has been given.

Le risque est alors de voir le micro-initiateur se trouver en position armée alors que la chaleur provoquera par ailleurs l'initiation du moyen d'allumage 3, donc celle de la munition.The risk is then to see the micro-initiator be in the armed position while the heat will also cause the initiation of the ignition means 3, that of the ammunition.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, l'invention propose donc d'incorporer le deuxième générateur de gaz 28 qui a une température d'auto inflammation inférieure à celle du moyen d'allumage 3. Les dimensionnements ont été choisis de telle sorte que la pression de gaz fournie par le deuxième générateur de gaz 28 engendre une force sur l'écran 8 qui est supérieure à celle engendrée par l'action du premier générateur de gaz 9. On dimensionnera bien sûr le dispositif pour que le moyen de verrouillage 29 soit également rompu.According to a particular embodiment, the invention therefore proposes to incorporate the second gas generator 28 which has a self-ignition temperature lower than that of the ignition means 3. The sizing has been chosen so that the pressure of gas supplied by the second gas generator 28 generates a force on the screen 8 which is greater than that generated by the action of the first gas generator 9. Of course the device will be dimensioned so that the locking means 29 is also broken.

Ainsi, même si la poursuite de l'échauffement du micro-initiateur 1 provoque l'initiation du moyen d'allumage 3, aucun effet critique n'est à craindre, l'écran 8 se trouvant en position de sécurité.Thus, even if the continuation of the heating of the micro-initiator 1 causes the initiation of the ignition means 3, no critical effect is to be feared, the screen 8 being in the safety position.

On remarque sur la figure 3 que la pression des gaz a poussé l'écran 8 légèrement au-delà de la position de sécurité initiale. L'écran 8 assure cependant dans cette position (dite de stérilisation) une interruption du canal d'amorçage 6.We notice on the figure 3 that the gas pressure has pushed the screen 8 slightly beyond the initial safety position. The screen 8 however ensures in this position (called sterilization) an interruption of the priming channel 6.

On a représenté sur la figure 3 une butée 31 qui limite la course de l'écran 8 poussé par les gaz du deuxième générateur 28. Il est en effet essentiel que l'écran reste dans une position assurant l'interruption du canal d'amorçage 6. Cette butée sera réalisée par micro-usinage de la deuxième couche 7 du substrat.We have shown on the figure 3 a stop 31 which limits the stroke of the screen 8 pushed by the gases of the second generator 28. It is indeed essential that the screen remains in a position ensuring the interruption of the priming channel 6. This stop will be realized by micromachining of the second layer 7 of the substrate.

On a aussi représenté sur la figure 3 un moyen 30 assurant le verrouillage de l'écran 8 dans sa position de stérilisation. Ce moyen pourra être structurellement analogue au moyen de verrouillage 29.We also represented on the figure 3 means 30 ensuring the locking of the screen 8 in its sterilization position. This means may be structurally analogous to the locking means 29.

D'un point de vue fabrication les différentes couches 2, 7, 15 de substrat sont réalisées suivant la technique des circuits intégrés incorporant des MEMS.From a manufacturing point of view, the different layers 2, 7, 15 of substrate are made according to the technique of integrated circuits incorporating MEMS.

On partira ainsi d'un premier substrat en silicium dans lequel on réalisera les trous 4 et 10 et on réalisera par oxydation de ce substrat la membrane diélectrique 12 (oxyde de silicium).This will start from a first silicon substrate in which holes 4 and 10 will be made and the dielectric membrane 12 (silicon oxide) will be produced by oxidation of this substrate.

On aura par ailleurs réalisé suivant les technologies MEMS la troisième couche de substrat 15 qui porte les moyens d'allumage 13 et 14 ainsi que les moyens interrupteurs permettant la commande des moyens d'allumage et éventuellement les moyens électroniques de pilotage des interrupteurs et moyens d'allumage.According to the MEMS technologies, the third substrate layer 15 carrying the ignition means 13 and 14 will also be produced, as will the switch means for controlling the ignition means and, optionally, the electronic control means for the switches and the means of ignition. 'ignition.

On fixera par collage le premier substrat 2 et le troisième substrat 15. Le premier substrat 2 pourra ensuite recevoir les matériaux pyrotechniques 3 et 9.The first substrate 2 and the third substrate 15 will be bonded. The first substrate 2 may then receive pyrotechnic materials 3 and 9.

On réalisera par ailleurs, toujours suivant les technologies de micro-gravure MEMS, la deuxième couche de substrat 7. Pour des commodités d'usinage on réalisera d'une part la partie supérieure 7b de la deuxième couche 7 par micro-gravure de la cheminée 10 et du canal d'allumage 6. On réalisera lors de cet usinage les moyens butée 31 et les différents verrous 29 et 30.We will also carry out, still according to micro-etching technologies MEMS, the second substrate layer 7. For machining conveniences, the upper part 7b of the second layer 7 will be made by micro-etching of the chimney 10 and the ignition channel 6. The machining means 31 and the various latches 29 and 30 will be produced during this machining.

On réalise d'autre part les parties inférieure et médiane 7a, 7b de la deuxième couche 7. On réalise pour cela la micro-gravure du trou 35, du canal d'allumage 6 ainsi que du logement 27 pour l'écran.On the other hand, the lower and middle portions 7a, 7b of the second layer 7 are produced. To this end, the hole 35, the ignition channel 6 and the housing 27 for the screen are microetched.

L'écran 8 en céramique est réalisé suivant une technologie différente.The ceramic screen 8 is made according to a different technology.

On met en place le verrou inertiel 24 et son ressort 25 puis la composition génératrice de gaz 28 et l'écran 8 et on solidarise par collage la partie supérieure 7b et les parties inférieures et médianes 7a, 7c.The inertial lock 24 and its spring 25 and then the gas generating composition 28 and the screen 8 are put in place and the upper part 7b and the lower and middle parts 7a, 7c are secured by gluing.

On solidarise enfin par collage le premier substrat 2 et le deuxième substrat 7 puis on colle à l'ensemble la quatrième couche 40 qui incorpore des moyens électroniques de pilotage des interrupteurs et moyens d'allumage.Lastly, the first substrate 2 and the second substrate 7 are adhesively bonded together and the fourth layer 40 is then glued to the assembly, which incorporates electronic control means for the switches and ignition means.

D'un point de vue dimensionnel il est ainsi possible de réaliser un micro-initiateur dont le volume global est inférieur à 1 centimètre cube. L'épaisseur totale du micro-initiateur sera de l'ordre de 5mm et les autres dimensions (largeur et longueur) seront inférieures à 10mm.From a dimensional point of view it is thus possible to produce a micro-initiator whose overall volume is less than 1 cubic centimeter. The total thickness of the micro-initiator will be of the order of 5 mm and the other dimensions (width and length) will be less than 10 mm.

Un tel micro-initiateur a des dimensions comparables à celle d'un composant pyrotechnique classique mais il incorpore toutes les sécurités électriques et mécaniques d'un dispositif complexe. Il n'est donc plus nécessaire de prévoir un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement complémentaire.Such a micro-initiator has dimensions comparable to that of a conventional pyrotechnic component but incorporates all the electrical and mechanical safety of a complex device. It is therefore no longer necessary to provide a complementary security and arming device.

Il est bien entendu possible d'incorporer au micro-initiateur un deuxième verrou inertiel qui sera disposé de façon à s'effacer comme suite,à une mise en rotation de la munition emportant l'initiateur. On pourra prévoir ainsi une goupille engagée dans un trou de l'écran, l'axe de cette goupille étant orienté perpendiculairement à l'axe du verrou 24.It is of course possible to incorporate in the micro-initiator a second inertial lock which will be arranged so as to disappear as a result, a rotation of the ammunition carrying the initiator. One can thus provide a pin engaged in a hole of the screen, the axis of this pin being oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the lock 24.

La figure 4 montre un autre mode de réalisation d'un micro-initiateur selon l'invention.The figure 4 shows another embodiment of a micro-initiator according to the invention.

Ce mode diffère du précédent en ce que le deuxième générateur de gaz 28 est disposé dans une cavité 33 aménagée dans la première couche de substrat 2. La cavité communique avec le logement 27 de l'écran 8 par une cheminée 32 qui est usinée dans la partie supérieure 7b de la deuxième couche de substrat.This mode differs from the previous one in that the second gas generator 28 is disposed in a cavity 33 formed in the first substrate layer 2. The cavity communicates with the housing 27 of the screen 8 by a chimney 32 which is machined in the upper part 7b of the second substrate layer.

La fonction remplie par le deuxième générateur 28 est identique à celle décrite précédemment. Lorsqu'il est initié, la pression des gaz engendrés pousse l'écran 8 dans sa position de stérilisation qui assure la sécurité du dispositif. On choisira donc là encore pour le deuxième générateur de gaz 28 une composition pyrotechnique ayant une température d'auto inflammation inférieure à celle assurant l'auto inflammation du moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation 3.The function performed by the second generator 28 is identical to that described above. When it is initiated, the pressure of the gases generated pushes the screen 8 to its sterilization position which ensures the safety of the device. Thus, again for the second gas generator 28, a pyrotechnic composition having a self-ignition temperature lower than that ensuring the self-ignition of the initiation pyrotechnic means 3 will be chosen.

Un premier avantage présenté par ce mode de réalisation est que la mise en place de toutes les compositions pyrotechniques 3, 9 et 28 se fait sur la même couche de substrat 2. On facilite ainsi le montage du micro-initiateur, toutes les étapes pyrotechniques du procédé étant réalisées sur une seule et même couche de substrat.A first advantage presented by this embodiment is that the placing of all the pyrotechnic compositions 3, 9 and 28 is on the same substrate layer 2. It is thus easier to mount the micro-initiator, all the pyrotechnic steps of the process being performed on a single and same substrate layer.

Un autre avantage de ce mode de réalisation est qu'il devient possible de prévoir au niveau de la troisième couche de substrat 15 un moyen d'initiation 34 spécifique à la deuxième composition génératrice de gaz 28 (troisième moyen d'allumage 34). Il suffit pour cela de donner à la cavité 33 une profondeur sensiblement égale à celle des autres cavités 4 et 12, c'est à dire telle que la composition 28 ne soit séparée du troisième moyen d'allumage 34 que par l'épaisseur de la membrane 12.Another advantage of this embodiment is that it becomes possible to provide at the level of the third substrate layer 15 an initiation means 34 specific to the second gas generating composition 28 (third ignition means 34). It suffices to give the cavity 33 a depth substantially equal to that of the other cavities 4 and 12, ie such that the composition 28 is separated from the third ignition means 34 only by the thickness of the membrane 12.

Il devient alors possible (en complément à l'auto initiation thermique de la composition 28) de prévoir une possibilité de commander la stérilisation du micro-initiateur. Une telle disposition est particulièrement utile lorsqu'il devient nécessaire pour des raisons de sécurité d'interdire le fonctionnement d'un micro-initiateur déjà armé, par exemple en réponse à une défaillance d'un moyen de guidage ou de détection de la munition incorporant le micro-initiateur.It then becomes possible (in addition to the thermal self initiation of the composition 28) to provide a possibility of controlling the sterilization of the micro-initiator. Such an arrangement is particularly useful when it becomes necessary for safety reasons to prohibit the operation of a micro-initiator already armed, for example in response to a failure of a guiding or detection means of the ammunition incorporating the micro-initiator.

A titre d'exemple, la figure 6 montre un exemple d'un circuit de commande d'un circuit de commande 16 qui comprend les moyens d'allumage 13, 14 et 34.For example, the figure 6 shows an example of a control circuit of a control circuit 16 which comprises the ignition means 13, 14 and 34.

On a représenté par ailleurs sur cette figure les interrupteurs 19, 20, 21 sécurisant le premier moyen d'allumage 13 ainsi qu'un jeu d'interrupteurs 36, 37 et 38 sécurisant le deuxième moyen d'allumage 14 de la première composition génératrice de gaz 9). Les interrupteurs 36 et 37 sont des interrupteurs normalement fermés. L'interrupteur 38 est un interrupteur normalement ouvert. L'interrupteur 37 assure la mise en court circuit du moyen d'allumage 14. L'ouverture de cet interrupteur permet le fonctionnement de ce moyen. L'ouverture de l'interrupteur 36 et la fermeture de l'interrupteur 38 permet de stériliser d'un point de vue électrique le moyen d'allumage 14.In this figure, the switches 19, 20, 21 securing the first ignition means 13 and a set of switches 36, 37 and 38 securing the second ignition means 14 of the first generating composition of FIG. gas 9). Switches 36 and 37 are normally closed switches. Switch 38 is a normally open switch. The switch 37 ensures the short circuiting of the ignition means 14. The opening of this switch allows the operation of this means. The opening of the switch 36 and the closing of the switch 38 makes it possible to sterilize from an electric point of view the ignition means 14.

Aucune sécurité électrique n'est prévue pour le troisième moyen d'allumage 34 dont l'action conduit, non pas à l'armement, mais à la stérilisation du micro-initiateur 1.No electrical safety is provided for the third ignition means 34 whose action leads, not to the armament, but to the sterilization of the micro-initiator 1.

Une première branche 34a de ce troisième moyen d'allumage 34 est reliée au plot de contact de masse 17. Une deuxième branche 34b du troisième moyen d'allumage 34 est reliée à un plot de commande 39.A first branch 34a of this third ignition means 34 is connected to the ground contact pad 17. A second branch 34b of the third ignition means 34 is connected to a control pad 39.

On a décrit ici un micro-initiateur de type détonateur. A titre de variante il est bien entendu possible de réaliser un micro-initiateur de type inflammateur. Il suffit pour cela de choisir comme moyen pyrotechnique d'initiation 3 une composition pyrotechnique inflammatrice.A detonator-type microinitiator has been described here. As a variant it is of course possible to produce a micro-initiator of the igniter type. It suffices for this to choose as a pyrotechnic initiation means 3 an inflammatory pyrotechnic composition.

Il est également possible de définir un micro-initiateur selon l'invention dans lequel le verrouillage de l'écran 8 est assuré, non pas par des moyens inertiels, mais par au moins un verrou électromécanique.It is also possible to define a micro-initiator according to the invention in which the locking of the screen 8 is ensured, not by inertial means, but by at least one electromechanical lock.

Une telle variante est plus particulièrement adaptée au cas des munitions qui ne sont pas tirées par canon et pour lesquelles les efforts d'inertie sont donc insuffisants.Such a variant is more particularly adapted to the case of munitions that are not fired by gun and for which the inertial forces are therefore insufficient.

A titre d'exemple, on a représenté aux figures 7a et 7b un verrou électromécanique 43 qui comprend une tige 44 qui se trouve en position de verrouillage dans un perçage latéral 47 porté par l'écran 8. Le micro-initiateur est représenté ici de façon très schématique et seul l'écran 8 est visible en vue de dessus dans son logement 27 aménagé dans la deuxième couche 7. Le trou transversal 23 porté par l'écran est également visible sur les figures.For example, the following Figures 7a and 7b an electromechanical lock 43 which comprises a rod 44 which is in the locking position in a lateral bore 47 carried by the screen 8. The micro-initiator is represented here very schematically and only the screen 8 is visible in view of above in its housing 27 arranged in the second layer 7. The transverse hole 23 carried by the screen is also visible in the figures.

La tige 44 du verrou électromécanique 43 est supportée par deux poutres conductrices 45a et 45b qui sont de dimensions différentes et raccordées chacune à un contact 46a, 46b.The rod 44 of the electromechanical lock 43 is supported by two conductive beams 45a and 45b which are of different dimensions and each connected to a contact 46a, 46b.

Les contacts 46a,46b sont reliés à un générateur électrique (non représenté) qui sera solidaire par exemple du circuit hybride 40.The contacts 46a, 46b are connected to an electric generator (not shown) which will be integral for example with the hybrid circuit 40.

Lorsque les poutres 45a, 45b sont parcourues par un courant électrique, l'échauffement entraîne une dilatation thermique de ces deux poutres. La différence de surface entre les deux poutres entraîne un différentiel de dilatation qui conduit au pivotement de la tige 44 par rapport à l'écran 8.When the beams 45a, 45b are traversed by an electric current, the heating causes a dilation thermal of these two beams. The surface difference between the two beams causes a differential expansion which leads to the pivoting of the rod 44 relative to the screen 8.

Avec un dimensionnement approprié de la tige 44, de son logement 47 ainsi et des poutres 45a,45b, la tige 44 peut se dégager effectivement de son logement 47 et libérer l'écran 8 qui peut ensuite se déplacer (comme décrit précédemment) par l'action sur la face 8a de l'écran 8 des gaz engendrés par un générateur de gaz (non représenté).With appropriate sizing of the rod 44, its housing 47 and the beams 45a, 45b, the rod 44 can effectively disengage from its housing 47 and release the screen 8 which can then move (as previously described) by the action on the face 8a of the screen 8 of the gases generated by a gas generator (not shown).

Claims (16)

  1. Micro-initiator (1) comprising pyrotechnic initiation means (3) able to be initiated by first priming means (13) itself intended to prime a charge (5), micro-initiator whose pyrotechnic means (3) are formed by an energetic composition put into place on a first layer (2) of a substrate and able to be linked to the charge (5) by a priming channel (6) blocked by a mobile screen (8) arranged on a second layer (7) of substrate incorporated into the initiator, the screen (8) being able to be moved from a safety position to an armed position, wherein the screen is moved from one position to the other by the actions of gases generated by a first pyrotechnic generator (9) also incorporated into the initiator (1) and initiated by second priming means (14).
  2. A micro-initiator according to Claim 1, wherein the first pyrotechnic gas generator (9) is put into place on the first layer (2) of substrate and is made to communicate with one face of the screen (8) by means of a chimney (11) forming a gas reserve.
  3. A micro-initiator according to Claim 1, wherein the screen (8) is held in the safety position by at least one lock (24).
  4. A micro-initiator according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the screen (8) incorporates a transversal hole (23) that is positioned facing the priming channel (6) when it is in the armed position.
  5. A micro-initiator according to Claim 3 and intended to equip a piece of ammunition fired by a weapon, wherein it comprises a lock (24) that is retracted by inertia when the ammunition is fired.
  6. A micro-initiator according to Claims 4 and 5, wherein the lock (24) is housed in its locking position in the transversal hole (23) in the screen.
  7. A micro-initiator according to Claim 3, wherein it comprises at least one electromechanical lock (43).
  8. A micro-initiator according to Claim 7, wherein the electromechanical lock (43) is supported by two conductive beams (45a, 45b) of different dimensions and pivots under the effect of the differential thermal dilation of the two beams.
  9. A micro-initiator according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein it incorporates a second pyrotechnic gas generator (28) that is positioned such that the pressure of the gases generated pushes the screen (8) into its safety position.
  10. A micro-initiator according to Claim 9, wherein the second generator (28), the gas reserve that it generates and the surfaces of the screen (8) subjected to the pressures are dimensioned such that the force resulting from the action of the second generator (28) is greater than that resulting from the action of the first generator (9).
  11. A micro-initiator according to one of Claims 9 or 10, wherein the second generator (28) is initiated by an increase in the temperature, its self-ignition temperature being chosen to be lower than that ensuring the self-ignition of the pyrotechnic initiation means (3).
  12. A micro-initiator according to one of Claims 9 to 11, wherein the second generator (28) may be initiated by third priming means (34).
  13. A micro-initiator according to one of Claims 1 to 12, wherein the different priming means (13, 14, 34) are integral with a third layer (15) of substrate that is applied onto the first layer (2) carrying the pyrotechnic priming means (3) and the gas-generating compositions (9, 28).
  14. A micro-initiator according to Claim 13, wherein the third layer (15) of substrate incorporates switch means (19, 36) enabling the control of the priming means.
  15. A micro-initiator according to Claim 14, wherein the third layer (15) incorporates electronic means to pilot the switches and/or the priming means.
  16. A micro-initiator according to Claim 14, wherein the third layer (15) is linked to a fourth layer (40) that incorporates electronic piloting means for the switches and/or the priming means.
EP09772655A 2008-06-11 2009-06-10 Safe micro-initiator Active EP2304385B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0803235A FR2932561B1 (en) 2008-06-11 2008-06-11 MICRO INITIATOR SECURE
PCT/FR2009/000689 WO2010000972A1 (en) 2008-06-11 2009-06-10 Safe micro-initiator

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EP2304385A1 EP2304385A1 (en) 2011-04-06
EP2304385B1 true EP2304385B1 (en) 2012-03-07

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2948993A1 (en) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-11 Junghans T2M Sas PRIMING SECURITY DEVICE FOR ROTATING AMMUNITION
FR2962210A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-06 Nexter Munitions INTEGRAL SECURITY AND ARMING DEVICE WITH MEMS TECHNOLOGY
FR2962209B1 (en) 2010-07-02 2012-07-13 Nexter Munitions RELIEF ANTI ADHERENCE FOR SAFETY AND ARMING DEVICE
ES2445709T3 (en) 2010-12-31 2014-03-04 Progenika Biopharma, S.A. Method for the identification by molecular techniques of genetic variants that do not encode D (D-) antigen and encode altered C (C + W) antigen

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US3313236A (en) * 1965-05-12 1967-04-11 Honeywell Inc Multiple function fuzes
US6167809B1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2001-01-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Ultra-miniature, monolithic, mechanical safety-and-arming (S&A) device for projected munitions
US6964231B1 (en) * 2002-11-25 2005-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Miniature MEMS-based electro-mechanical safety and arming device
US7142087B2 (en) * 2004-01-27 2006-11-28 Lucent Technologies Inc. Micromechanical latching switch
FR2884602A1 (en) * 2005-04-18 2006-10-20 Novatec Sa Sa Soc High-security pyrotechnic procedure, e.g. for deploying spacecraft solar panels, uses short-circuited initiation resistance and normally-closed interrupter switch
FR2892810B1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2010-05-14 Giat Ind Sa PYROTECHNIC SECURITY DEVICE WITH MICROSCREEN SCREEN
FR2892809B1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2010-07-30 Giat Ind Sa PYROTECHNIC SAFETY DEVICE WITH REDUCED DIMENSIONS

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ATE548630T1 (en) 2012-03-15
WO2010000972A1 (en) 2010-01-07
FR2932561A1 (en) 2009-12-18
FR2932561B1 (en) 2010-08-20

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