EP1777057B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laserschweissen von thermoplastischen Kunststoffbauteilen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laserschweissen von thermoplastischen Kunststoffbauteilen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1777057B1
EP1777057B1 EP20060255337 EP06255337A EP1777057B1 EP 1777057 B1 EP1777057 B1 EP 1777057B1 EP 20060255337 EP20060255337 EP 20060255337 EP 06255337 A EP06255337 A EP 06255337A EP 1777057 B1 EP1777057 B1 EP 1777057B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser beam
members
pressing force
thermoplastic resin
pressing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20060255337
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1777057A3 (de
EP1777057A2 (de
Inventor
Toshio Watanabe
Katsuhiko Nakajima
Hideo Nakamura
Hiroshi c/o Du Pont Kabushiki Kaisha Mori
Susumu c/o Du Pont Kabushiki Kaisha Fujita
Mitsunobu c/o Du Pont Kabushiki Kaisha Nakatani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Corp
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp, EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of EP1777057A2 publication Critical patent/EP1777057A2/de
Publication of EP1777057A3 publication Critical patent/EP1777057A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1777057B1 publication Critical patent/EP1777057B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1658—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power using joining tools having different pressure zones or using several joining tools with different pressures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1606—Ultraviolet [UV] radiation, e.g. by ultraviolet excimer lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1609—Visible light radiation, e.g. by visible light lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8227—Transmission mechanisms using springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/863—Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/967—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes
    • B29C66/9674—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes involving special data outputs, e.g. special data display means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for laser welding thermoplastic resin members.
  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for joining a member formed of a transmissive thermoplastic resin that transmits a laser beam with a member formed of an absorptive thermoplastic resin that absorbs a laser beam by melting them.
  • an area of contact of at least two works is irradiated with a laser beam through one of the works so as to melt the contact surfaces and weld the works.
  • the apparatus comprises a laser beam generating means for generating a laser beam, and a spherical lens disposed directly underneath where the laser beam exits the laser beam generating means for focusing the laser beam at the contact area.
  • the spherical lens is adapted to roll on the surface of the work that transmits the laser beam.
  • the apparatus further includes a pushing means for pushing the spherical lens against the work (see Patent Document 2, for example).
  • EP 1 535 693 A describes a laser processing apparatus, a laser processing temperature measuring apparatus, a laser processing method, and a laser processing temperature measuring method which can highly accurately detect the processing temperature when carrying out processing such as welding with laser light.
  • a laser processing apparatus for processing members to be processed by irradiating the members with laser light comprises a laser (semiconductor laser unit) for generating the laser light; optical means for converging the laser light generated by the laser onto processing areas; and a filter, disposed between the members to be processed and the optical means, for blocking a wavelength of fluorescence generated by the optical means upon pumping with the laser light; wherein light having the wavelength blocked by the filter 30 is used for measuring a temperature of the processing areas.
  • JP 2001-347384 A aims to provide an endless belt of a thin film whose thickness is 50 ⁇ m or smaller produced with laser beam welding.
  • the thin film welding equipment is provided with thin film clamping devices furnished with thin film holding members, having a backup plate and a laser beam transmitting plate which holds both side faces of the lapped part or the butted part of two thin films whose thickness is 50 ⁇ m or smaller, and pressure welding equipment which pressure-welds the backup plate and the laser beam transmitting plate, and further provided with a laser beam irradiating devices having an optical system with which devices a line to be welded which is the pat to be welded of the lapped part of the two thin films or the butted part is irradiated with the laser beam, and with which devices the part irradiated with the laser beam is welded.
  • US 2005/0167042 A describes a method and an apparatus for irradiation welding of two thermoplastic components, a local temperature maximum, which circulates together with the laser beam and increases from cycle to cycle, and a correspondingly circulating, locally increased clamping pressure are generated in the area of joining.
  • DE 199 24 469 A describes a holder comprising clamping members with clamping faces for joining component faces of a workpiece between them.
  • One clamping face is adjustable relative to the other surface and transverse to the joining plane.
  • Each clamping face comprises two or more individual surfaces which move transverse to the clamping surface to apply a uniform clamping pressure against the workpiece.
  • EP 1 048 439 A and DE 200 23 490 U describe a beam of laser energy passing through a cross section to heat and plasticize a second cross section, which reaches a working temperature. Heat from the second surface is conducted back to the first cross section, plasticizing it, and causing it to reach similar temperature. The energy beam, heating only a part of the join (a field) at any one time, is advanced relative to it. An Independent claim is included for the corresponding laser welding equipment. Preferred features: Working temperature is reached by first preheating as described, then making repeated passes. The transient heating process is further detailed, exchan heat according to the foregoing principles, until both surfaces of the joint are molten, and weld together.
  • references to heating of surfaces necessarily implies limited heating to some finite depth.;
  • the cross sections are pressed together, at the latest just before reaching the working temperature, but preferably during preheating. Pressure is applied until after bonding is complete.
  • a process of heating whilst holding at an acute angle is described, following which the surfaces are moved relatively, up to stops and under pressure, where they cool, completing bonding.
  • Additional features of the equipment used for the process include its motorized optical system, and the clamping system, which is operated automatically in accordance with the principles described.
  • the invention has been made in consideration of such problems, and it is an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for laser welding thermoplastic resin members capable of providing a high welding strength and smaller strength variations by properly controlling the contact pressure (clamping pressure) between the members during the irradiation of the two members with a laser beam for welding.
  • the invention provides a method for laser welding thermoplastic resin members as defined in appended claims 1 and 3.
  • the first member and the second member that are formed of thermoplastic resin are stacked, a laser beam is shone from the first member side while adjusting the pressing force at the contact surfaces of both members, and the two members are welded by heating and melting the contact surfaces.
  • the volume contraction of the resin melted portion can be reduced by, for example, gently pressing the members when heated, gradually increasing the pressing force when the resin at the joining surfaces is melted, and strongly pressing the members thereafter. Because the joining surfaces of the two members can be made uniform and the welding state becomes stable, a large welding strength can be obtained, and strength variations can be minimized.
  • the adjustment of pressing force means suitably adjusting the welding strength of the welded portion. For example, it refers to increasing the pressing force during melting relative to an initial pressing force for closely attaching two members and further increasing the pressing force upon cooling. It may also refer to increasing the pressing force during melting with respect to the pressing force for closely attaching two members and decreasing it to the original pressing force upon cooling.
  • the adjustment of pressing force is suitably set in accordance with the shapes, volumes, or the like of the two members to be welded.
  • the adjustment of the pressing force is carried out based on the detection of temperature at a melted portion of the contact surfaces that is melted by laser beam irradiation.
  • the expansion state of the melted portion can be detected by detecting the melting temperature of the laser beam irradiation.
  • the pressing force is reduced during laser beam irradiation, gradually increased as melting begins and temperature increases, and then further increased when the melted portion cools and the temperature drops.
  • the adjustment of the pressing force is carried out based on the detection of pressure at the melted portion of the contact surfaces that is melted by laser beam irradiation.
  • the expansion and contraction states of the melted portion can be detected by detecting an increase in pressure that occurs when an area near the contact surfaces is melted by laser beam irradiation, or a pressure decrease that occurs when the melted portion cools.
  • the pressing force is reduced during laser beam irradiation, gradually increased when melting begins and the temperature increases, and then further increased when the melted portion cools and the temperature drops.
  • An apparatus of the invention for laser welding thermoplastic resin members is an apparatus as defined in appended claims 5 and 7.
  • the first member and the second member are brought into contact with each other, the contact surfaces are irradiated with the laser beam shone from the first member side while the two members are pressed together, and at least one of the contact surfaces is melted.
  • the pressing force is increased for preventing the separation of the two members.
  • the pressing force is further increased when the melted portion cools, so as to prevent the development of an air gap or the like when the melted portion becomes solidified and to increase the density of the welded portion, thereby increasing the welding strength. Also, strength variations due to the shape of the members or the like can be reduced.
  • the laser welding apparatus preferably comprises a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature at the melted portion due to the laser beam irradiation of the first member and the second member, wherein the adjusting means adjusts the pressing force applied to the first member and the second member based on the output of the temperature detecting means.
  • the laser welding apparatus comprises a pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure at the melted portion due to the laser beam irradiation of the first member and the second member, wherein the adjusting means adjusts the pressing force applied to the first member and the second member based on the output of the pressure detecting means.
  • the melting state of an area near the contact surfaces of the two members can be detected based on temperature or pressure, and the pressing force applied to the two members can be adjusted by calculating a pressing force suitable for the two members based on a detected temperature or pressure.
  • a suitable pressing force can be applied by detecting the temperature or pressure at the melted portion, the welding strength can be increased, and the strength variations can be reduced.
  • the laser welding apparatus comprises a transfer means for transferring the laser beam generator.
  • the pressing means includes a plurality of pressing members for pressing the first member and the second member. It is preferable to adjust the pressing force of the plurality of pressing members during the transfer of the laser beam generator.
  • the melted portion is transferred during the transfer of the laser beam generator, and the pressing force for attaching the two members can be adjusted by the plurality of pressing members in accordance with the state of the melted portion. Therefore, a uniform welding state can be obtained when the portion to be welded is continuous and long, thereby improving the welding strength and reducing the strength variations.
  • Spring pressure, oil pressure, and/or pneumatic pressure may be employed for the pressing means.
  • the two members can be stably attached to each other.
  • the adjustment of pressing force by oil pressure or pneumatic pressure is preferable because it allows for smooth adjustment and fine pressing force control.
  • the type of resin employed as the transmissive thermoplastic resin that transmits a laser beam is not particularly limited as long as it has thermoplasticity and transmits a laser beam as a heat source.
  • examples include polyamide (PA) such as nylon 6 (PA6) or nylon 66 (PA66), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene, ABS, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
  • Reinforcing fibers such as glass fiber or carbon fiber, or coloring agent may be added as needed.
  • Transmit a laser beam it is meant that the laser beam transmissivity is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 80% or more, and most preferably 90% or more.
  • the type of resin employed as the absorptive thermoplastic resin that absorbs a laser beam is not particularly limited as long as it has thermoplasticity and does not transmit but absorbs a laser beam as a heat source.
  • Examples include polyamide (PA) such as nylon 6 (PA6) or nylon 66 (PA66), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene, ABS, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and PPS, in which a predetermined coloring agent such as carbon black, dye, or pigment is mixed.
  • Reinforcing fibers such as glass fiber or carbon fiber may be added as needed.
  • the laser beam transmissivity is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 1% or less.
  • the combination of resins employed for the transmissive thermoplastic resin member and the absorptive thermoplastic resin member it is preferable that the combination is that of resins having compatibility with each other.
  • resins having compatibility with each other examples include, other than combinations of resins of the same type such as nylon 6 and nylon 6, or nylon 66 and nylon 66, combinations of nylon 6 and nylon 66, PET and PC, and PC and PBT.
  • the type of a laser beam with which the contact surfaces of two members are irradiated may be suitably selected based on the absorption spectrum, the thickness (transmission length), and the like of the transmissive resin material that transmits the laser beam.
  • Examples include an Nd: glass (neodymium 3+ : glass) laser, an Nd: YAG (neodymium 3+ : YAG) laser, a ruby laser, a helium-neon laser, a krypton laser, an argon laser, a H 2 laser, an N 2 laser, and a semiconductor laser.
  • Preferable lasers include a YAG: neodymium 3+ laser (wavelength of the laser beam: 1060 nm) and a semiconductor laser (wavelength of the laser beam: 500 to 1000 nm).
  • the output power of the laser beam is 10 to 900 W. If the output power of the laser beam is less than 10 W, the output power is too low and it becomes difficult to melt the abutment surfaces of the resin materials. If the output power exceeds 900 W, the output power is excessive and the resin materials may evaporate or be transformed in quality.
  • the pressing force is controlled in real-time such that processed members to be welded are pressed with a suitable pressing force. Therefore, the volume expansion of the melted portion, and the volume contraction of the welded portion can be corrected, thereby improving the welding strength and reducing the welding strength variations.
  • Fig. 1 shows a main part of the apparatus for laser welding thermoplastic resin members according to the embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 shows the operation of the apparatus of Fig. 1 .
  • a first member 2 formed of a transmissive thermoplastic resin that transmits a laser beam is brought into contact with a second member 3 formed of an absorptive thermoplastic resin that absorbs the laser beam, and contact surfaces 4 are melted with the laser beam so as to join the members.
  • the laser welding apparatus 1 comprises a laser beam generator 10 for irradiating the contact surfaces 4 of the two members 2 and 3 with a laser beam R from the side of the first member 2 that transmits the laser beam.
  • the laser beam generator 10 comprises a laser oscillator 11 and a laser head 12 to which the laser oscillator is connected via an optical fiber.
  • the laser beam R irradiated from the laser head is, for example, a semiconductor laser whose wavelength is 940 nm, and preferably its output power is approximately between 10 and 900 W.
  • the laser head 12 is coupled to a transfer mechanism 13 for transferring the laser head at processing speed of, for example, approximately 0.1 to 5 m/min during welding.
  • a suitable structure such as a structure where an industrial robot is connected to the laser head 12, a structure where members are transferred by employing a two-dimensional stage or a three-dimensional stage, a structure where a focal point is controlled by a combination of an optical lens and a mirror, or a structure where a plurality of spots are simultaneously irradiated with a plurality of laser heads.
  • the laser beam transmissivity of the transmissive thermoplastic resin material that transmits a laser beam and constitutes the first member 2 is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 80% or more, and most preferably 90% or more.
  • the laser beam transmissivity of the absorptive thermoplastic resin material that absorbs the laser beam and constitutes the second member 3 is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, or even more preferably 1% or less. Because the resin material that constitutes the second member 3 transmits the laser beam very little, it may be considered a non-transmissive thermoplastic resin material.
  • the second member 3 scarcely transmits but absorbs the laser beam when irradiated therewith, and as a result, the energy of the laser beam accumulates in the second member, thereby generating heat.
  • the laser welding apparatus 1 comprises a clamp mechanism as a pressing means for pressing and closely attaching the first member 2 and the second member 3.
  • the clamp mechanism 20 is a mechanism for pressing the two members 2 and 3 together that is capable of adjusting the contact pressure by pressing the two members from the outside thereof in the direction of the contact surfaces 4.
  • pressure oil is fed from a hydraulic system to cylinders so as to cause the pistons in the cylinders to slide and cause the two members 2 and 3 to be closely attached to each other.
  • the clamp mechanism 20 shown in the figure comprises three pairs of facing pressing members.
  • a pair of pressing members 21, 21 presses the two members by pinching the left-hand portion of the two members from above and beneath.
  • a middle pair of pressing members 22, 22 presses the two members by pinching the middle portion of the two members from above and beneath.
  • Pressing members 23, 23 press the two members by pinching the right-hand portion of the two members from above and beneath.
  • the pressing members are formed of material having a sufficient degree of hardness, such as metal.
  • the number of pressing members is suitably set in accordance with the shape or the size of the two members.
  • the clamp mechanism 20 is structured such that the pressing force of the three pairs of pressing members can be individually adjusted by using, for example, hydraulic cylinders.
  • the pressing force by the clamp mechanism assuming that the direction in which the two stacked members are caused to be attached is plus, does not provide the pressing force in the minus direction (the direction in which the two members are caused to be detached). Namely, the clamp mechanism 20 functions to provide a pressing force suitable for the melting state of the contact surfaces by adjusting the pressing force in the plus direction.
  • the laser welding apparatus 1 comprises a temperature detecting means (a temperature sensor) 31 for detecting the temperature at a melted portion produced by the laser beam irradiation of the first member 2 and the second member 3, as a means 30 for adjusting the pressing force.
  • This temperature sensor 31 detects a heat ray S irradiated from the melted portion on the side of the first member 2 that is transmissive, which heat ray S is displayed on a monitor for temperature measurement purposes, for example.
  • the measured temperature is inputted to a personal computer (PC) 32, for example.
  • the PC 32 calculates an appropriate pressing force based on the measured temperature, and it is fed back to the clamp mechanism 20, thereby controlling the pressing force in real time.
  • the temperature sensor 31 is coupled to a transfer mechanism 33 that can be moved in a horizontal direction such that the temperature state at the melted portion of the contact surfaces can be detected. While the temperature sensor may detect the temperature from obliquely above in order not to disturb the transfer of the laser head, it is preferable to detect the temperature from directly above.
  • the real-time control device for detecting the temperature at the melted portion, calculating a suitable pressing force of the clamp mechanism 20 based on the temperature, and pressing two members 2 and 3 together with the thus calculated pressing force may employ a pressure change program prepared in advance whereby a pressing force is calculated in view of the obtained state of the melted portion for controlling the clamp mechanism.
  • the first member 2 and the second member 3 are stacked, and then the two members 2 and 3 are pressed by the clamp mechanism 20, so that they become firmly attached to each other.
  • the two members are stacked such that the member 2 that is transmissive faces the laser head 12.
  • the pressing force of the clamp mechanism 20 is assumed to be F1, which is approximately such that all the pressing members cause the two members 2 and 3 to be lightly attached to each other.
  • the laser oscillator 11 of the laser beam generating means is activated, and the welded portion of the two members is irradiated with laser beam R shone from the laser head 12. Because the laser beam R is focused at the contact surfaces by an irradiation lens in the laser head, heat is generated at an area near the contact surfaces 4, which is the upper portion of the second member 3 that absorbs the laser beam. When a predetermined amount of laser energy is supplied to the contact surfaces, an area near the contact surface 4 of the second member 3 is melted, which is accompanied by the contact surface of the first member 2 being melted. As a result, both melted portions 4a are fused together whereby the first member 2 and the second member 3 are fused together. In this way, the melted portion of the two members can be made continuous by extending the melted portion 4a by transferring the laser head 12 as the contact surfaces 4 of the two members are melted.
  • the temperature sensor 31 is transferred by the transfer mechanism 33, and it detects the heat ray S irradiated from the melted portion, thereby detecting the temperature.
  • the detected temperature is inputted into the PC 32 for calculating a pressing force F2, which is greater than the initial pressing force value F1.
  • the thus calculated pressing force F2 is fed back to the clamp mechanism 20, which increases the pressing force F1 of the pressing members 21, 21 located near the detected temperature portion, to F2. Due to the increase in pressing force, separation of the two members caused by a volume expansion at the melted portion can be prevented.
  • the initially melted portion gradually cools.
  • the pressing force of the pressing members close to the cooling portion is increased, whereby the development of an air gap in the melted portion can be prevented.
  • the welding of the two members is completed when the pressing force applied to all the continuous melted portions is sequentially increased and they all become solidified when cooled.
  • the PC 32 that constitutes the adjusting means 30 calculates the pressing force supplied to the plurality of pressing members 21 to 23, such that the pressing force is increased from F1 to F2 and further increased to F3, as the laser head 12 is transferred.
  • FIG. 3 shows a main part of another embodiment of the laser welding apparatus of the invention.
  • This embodiment adjusts the pressing force by detecting pressure indicative of the state of the melted portion where the contact surfaces of the two members are melted.
  • Other substantially equivalent elements are designated with the same numerals.
  • a laser welding apparatus 1 A of the embodiment comprises a pressure detecting means (pressure sensors) 41 to 43 for detecting the pressure at the melted portion where the first member 2 and the second member 3 are irradiated with a laser beam.
  • pressure sensors 41 to 43 are mounted, for example, at the piston portions of the pressing members 21 to 23, and they detect pressure via the pressure sensors, such as strainmeters, based on deformation due to the volume expansion of the melted portion 4a melted by the laser beam R.
  • the thus detected pressure is inputted to an arithmetic device such as a personal computer (PC) 44 where a suitable pressing force is calculated based on the pressure, and fed back to the clamp mechanism 20 for controlling pressing force in real time.
  • PC personal computer
  • the output from the pressure sensor 41 mounted at the pressing member 21 changes due to the volume expansion of the melted portion 4a.
  • the pressing force outputted from the pressure sensor 41 is increased with the addition of pressure accompanying a volume expansion.
  • the PC 44 calculates a suitable pressing force F2, which is greater than the pressing force F1, based on the output from the pressure sensor 41.
  • the pressing force F2 calculated in this way is fed back to the clamp mechanism 20, which then increases the pressing force F1 of the pressing member 21, which is located close to the detected pressure portion, to F2.
  • the increase in the pressing force prevents the separation of the two members due to the volume expansion of the melted portion 4a.
  • the pressure sensor 41 detects the cooling of the melted portion 4a.
  • the pressure decrease is inputted to the PC 44.
  • the PC 44 calculates the pressing force F3, which is greater than the pressing force F2 previously provided based on the pressure decrease, and feeds it back to the clamp mechanism 20.
  • the clamp mechanism 20 increases the pressing force of the pressing member 21 from F2 to F3.
  • the clamp mechanism 20 increases the pressing force F2 of the pressing member 21 to the calculated pressing force F3, the development of an air gap in the welded portion 4b due to the volume decrease accompanying the contraction of the melted portion 4a can be prevented.
  • the initially melted portion gradually cools.
  • the pressing force of a pressing member near the detected portion is increased, thereby preventing the development of an air gap in the melted portion 4b.
  • the pressing force is sequentially increased for all the continuous melted portions, which are cooled and become solidified into a welded portion, thereby completing the welding of the two members.
  • the welding state can be made uniform and the density of the welded portion 4b can be kept high by detecting the pressure state of the attached two members, increasing the pressing force provided to a plurality of pressing members from the initially small pressing force F1 to F2 when the contact surfaces are melted, and further increasing it to a greater pressing force F3 when the melted portion cools. Therefore, the welding strength becomes higher, and the welding strength variations can be reduced.
  • thermoplastic resins include examples other than those described above, such as general-purpose thermoplastic resins, general-purpose engineering plastics, super engineering plastics, and thermoplastic elastomers.
  • the transmissive thermoplastic resin of which the first member is comprised and which transmits the laser beam preferably has high transmissivity.
  • the absorptive thermoplastic resin of which the second member is comprised and which absorbs a laser beam preferably has low transmissivity.
  • the difference in transmissivity between the two members is large.
  • the invention enables welding in which the welding strength is improved and the strength variations are reduced by selecting a first member formed of a transmissive thermoplastic resin and a second member formed of an absorptive thermoplastic resin, having different laser beam transmissivities. Because the invention prevents the development of a burrs or the like at the welded portion, the quality of the welded portion can be improved and, therefore, the invention can be applied to the welding of various types of resins and resin components.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen, das ein Inkontaktbringen eines aus einem lichtdurchlässigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildeten ersten Elements (2), das einen Laserstrahl durchlässt, mit einem aus einem absorptionsfähigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildeten zweiten Element (3) umfasst, das den Laserstrahl absorbiert, sowie Schmelzen von deren Kontaktflächen mit dem Laserstrahl zum Verbinden der Elemente aufweist, wobei das Verfahren ferner aufweist:
    Zusammenpressen (21, 22, 23) des ersten Elements (2) und des zweiten Elements (3);
    Bestrahlen (10) der Kontaktflächen der beiden Elemente (2, 3) mit einem von der Seite des ersten Elements (2) eingestrahlten Laserstrahl;
    Schmelzen mindestens einer der Kontaktflächen der beiden Elemente (2, 3); und
    Verschweißen der beiden Elemente (2, 3) während des Einstellens der auf das erste Element (2) und das zweite Element (3) ausgeübten Presskraft;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Presskraft eingestellt wird, indem die Presskraft während des Schmelzens im Verhältnis zu einer Ausgangspresskraft erhöht wird, um die beiden Elemente (2, 3) eng anliegend zu verbinden, und beim Kühlen die Presskraft weiter erhöht oder auf die ursprüngliche Presskraft vermindert wird.
  2. Verfahren zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Einstellen der Presskraft auf dem Erfassen der Temperatur (31) an einem geschmolzenen Abschnitt der Kontaktflächen basiert, der durch Laserstrahlbestrahlung geschmolzen wird.
  3. Verfahren zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen, das ein Inkontaktbringen eines aus einem lichtdurchlässigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildeten ersten Elements (2), das einen Laserstrahl durchlässt, mit einem aus einem absorptionsfähigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildeten zweiten Element (3) umfasst, das den Laserstrahl absorbiert, sowie Schmelzen von deren Kontaktflächen mit dem Laserstrahl zum Verbinden der Elemente aufweist, das Verfahren ferner aufweisend:
    Zusammenpressen (21, 22, 23) des ersten Elements (2) und des zweiten Elements (3);
    Bestrahlen (10) der Kontaktflächen der beiden Elemente (2, 3) mit einem von der Seite des ersten Elements (2) eingestrahlten Laserstrahl;
    Schmelzen mindestens einer der Kontaktflächen der beiden Elemente (2, 3); und
    Verschweißen der beiden Elemente (2, 3) während des Einstellens der auf das erste Element und das zweite Element (3) ausgeübten Presskraft;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Einstellen der Presskraft auf der Erfassung der Temperatur (31) an einem geschmolzenen Abschnitt der Kontaktflächen basiert, der durch Laserstrahlbestrahlung geschmolzen ist.
  4. Verfahren zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Einstellen der Presskraft auf der Erfassung des Drucks (41, 42, 43) an einem geschmolzenen Abschnitt der Kontaktflächen basiert, der durch Laserstrahlbestrahlung geschmolzen wird.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen, bei der ein aus einem lichtdurchlässigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildetes erstes Element (2), das einen Laserstrahl durchlässt, in Kontakt mit einem aus einem absorptionsfähigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildeten zweiten Element (3) gebracht wird, das den Laserstrahl absorbiert, und wobei ihre Kontaktflächen mit dem Laserstrahl geschmolzen werden, um die Elemente zu verbinden, die Vorrichtung aufweisend:
    einer Laserstrahlerzeugungseinrichtung (10), zum Bestrahlen der Kontaktflächen mit einem von der Seite des ersten Elements (2) eingestrahlten Laserstrahl, um mindestens eine der Kontaktflächen von dem ersten Element (2) und dem zweiten Element (3) zu schmelzen;
    einer Presseinrichtung (21, 22, 23), zum Zusammenpressen des ersten Elements (2) und des zweiten Elements (3);
    und einer Einstelleinrichtung (32), zum Einstellen der auf das erste Element (2) und das zweite Element (3) ausgeübten Presskraft;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Einstelleinrichtung (32) eingerichtet ist, die Presskraft während des Schmelzens im Verhältnis zu einer Ausgangspresskraft zu erhöhen, um die beiden Elemente (2, 3) eng anliegend zu verbinden, und beim Kühlen die Presskraft weiter zu erhöhen oder auf die ursprüngliche Presskraft zu vermindern.
  6. Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen nach Anspruch 5, mit einer Temperaturerfassungseinrichtung (31), zum Erfassen der Temperatur an einem geschmolzenen Abschnitt, der durch Laserstrahlbestrahlung des ersten Elements (2) und des zweiten Elements (3) geschmolzen ist,
    wobei die Einstelleinrichtung (32) die auf das erste Element (2) und das zweite Element (3) ausgeübte Presskraft basierend auf einer Ausgabe der Temperaturerfassungseinrichtung (31) einstellt.
  7. Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen, bei der ein aus einem lichtdurchlässigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildetes erstes Element (2), das einen Laserstrahl durchlässt, in Kontakt mit einem aus einem absorptionsfähigen thermoplastischen Harz ausgebildeten zweiten Element (3) gebracht wird, das den Laserstrahl absorbiert, und wobei ihre Kontaktflächen mit dem Laserstrahl geschmolzen werden, um die Elemente zu verbinden, wobei die Vorrichtung aufweist:
    einer Laserstrahlerzeugungseinrichtung (10), zum Bestrahlen der Kontaktflächen mit einem von der Seite des ersten Elements (2) eingestrahlten Laserstrahl, um mindestens eine der Kontaktflächen von dem ersten Element (2) oder dem zweiten Element (3) zu schmelzen;
    einer Presseinrichtung (21, 22, 23), zum Zusammenpressen des ersten Elements (2) und des zweiten Elements (3);
    und einer Einstelleinrichtung (32), zum Einstellen der auf das erste Element (2) und das zweite Element (3) ausgeübten Presskraft; und
    einer Temperaturerfassungseinrichtung (31), zum Erfassen der Temperatur an einem geschmolzenen Abschnitt, der durch Laserstrahlbestrahlung des ersten Elements (2) und des zweiten Elements (3) geschmolzen ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Einstelleinrichtung (32) eingerichtet ist, die auf das erste Element (2) und das zweite Element (3) ausgeübte Presskraft basierend auf einer Ausgabe der Temperaturerfassungseinrichtung (31) einzustellen.
  8. Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen nach Anspruch 5, mit einer Druckerfassungseinrichtung (41, 42, 43), zum Erfassen des Drucks an einem geschmolzenen Abschnitt, der durch Laserstrahlbestrahlung des ersten Elements (2) und des zweiten Elements (3) geschmolzen ist,
    wobei die Einstelleinrichtung (32) die auf das erste Element (2) und das zweite Element (3) ausgeübte Presskraft basierend auf einer Ausgabe der Druckerfassungseinrichtung (41, 42, 43) einstellt.
  9. Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, mit einem Versetzungsmechanismus (13), zum Versetzen der Laserstrahlerzeugungseinrichtung (10),
    wobei die Presseinrichtung (21, 22, 23) eine Vielzahl von Presselementen (21, 22, 23) zum Pressen des ersten Elements (3) und des zweiten Elements aufweist, und die auf die Vielzahl von Presselementen (21, 22, 23) in Übereinstimmung mit der Versetzung der Laserstrahlerzeugungseinrichtung (10) ausgeübte Presskraft einstellt.
  10. Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen von thermoplastischen Harzelementen nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, wobei die Presseinrichtung (21, 22, 23) entweder Federdruck und/oder Öldruck, und/oder Pressluftdruck verwendet.
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