CN109641399B - 用于激光束塑料焊接的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于激光束塑料焊接的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109641399B
CN109641399B CN201780054329.8A CN201780054329A CN109641399B CN 109641399 B CN109641399 B CN 109641399B CN 201780054329 A CN201780054329 A CN 201780054329A CN 109641399 B CN109641399 B CN 109641399B
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mould part
electromagnetic radiation
absorption
radiation source
mould
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CN109641399A (zh
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弗兰克·布鲁内克尔
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Evosys Laser GmbH
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Evosys Laser GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/034—Observing the temperature of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
    • B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于激光束塑料焊接的方法，具有以下步骤：在接收区域(2)上设置基本吸收激光辐射的第一模具部件(3)，使用电磁辐射源照射所述第一模具部件(3)，通过检测器(11)检测所述第一模具部件(3)的热量，生成所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征，在所述第一模具部件(3)上设置使激光辐射基本透过的第二模具部件(16)，以及使用加工激光器(8)沿着待产生焊缝的轮廓照射上述的两个模具部件(3，16)，使得由加工激光器(8)产生的能量输入由控制器(9)基于所生成的所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征来控制。

Description

用于激光束塑料焊接的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光束塑料焊接方法和相应的装置。
背景技术
在激光束塑料焊接本身已知的情况下，将塑料材料制成的两个模具部件彼此连接。这里，第一模具部件基本吸收激光辐射。第二模具部件基本使激光辐射透过。由辐射源产生的辐射，特别是激光辐射，穿透第二(上)透过性模具部件并被第一(下部)模具部件吸收，因此使第一(下部)模具部件进入塑化或熔融状态。所述两个模具部件在该状态下通过保持器固定。通过热传导，透明的第二部件也在两个模具部件之间的接触区域处局部塑化或熔化。在保持器产生的压力作用下，两个模具部件之间形成连接。
为了产生高质量的无故障焊接连接，必须精确地对所使用的光束功率进行配量(dose)。焊接工艺可用的能量取决于透明模具部件的透射率。因此，在文献US 7 245 378B2中已经提出了在进行激光焊接工艺之前检测透明模具部件的透射率。
在实践中，基本吸收性模具部件的激光辐射的某些特性会受到波动，从而可能影响焊接连接的质量。其实例是注塑部件的浇口点，其中可能存在玻璃纤维的积聚。进一步的影响因素是例如有色塑料的炭黑含量、相应吸收剂添加剂的含量，或塑料(如聚酰胺)中的吸水量，或调节。还观察到用于注塑成型的塑料粒状材料的不同批次易受到波动。另外，吸收会受到注塑成型过程中温度控制的严重影响。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是描述一种用于激光束塑料焊接的方法，即使模具部件所用材料的特性波动，该方法也能够可靠地形成焊接连接。
为了实现该目的，提供了一种用于激光束塑料焊接的方法，其具有以下步骤：
在接收区域上设置基本吸收激光辐射的第一模具部件，
使用电磁辐射源照射所述第一模具部件，
通过检测器检测所述第一模具部件的热量，
生成所述第一模具部件的吸收特征(absorption profile)，
在所述第一模具部件上设置使激光辐射基本透过的第二模具部件，以及
使用加工激光器沿着待产生焊缝的轮廓(contour)照射上述的两个模具部件，使得由加工激光器产生的能量输入由控制器基于所产生的所述第一模具部件的吸收特征来控制。
本发明基于以下发现：通过检测并考虑基本吸收激光辐射的模具部件的吸收行为，可以获得可靠的焊接连接。与检测(上)模具部件的透射的传统方法相比，根据本发明提供的是检测吸收激光辐射的下模具部件的吸收系数。通过检测吸收，可以影响随后的焊接过程，使得引入连接区域的能量足以使下模具部件塑化或局部熔化。另一方面，引入的能量不至于高到导致局部过热和材料损坏的程度。因此，根据本发明，可以以非常合适的方式为焊接过程引入的能量进行配量。
因此，本发明的方法提出了，最初仅将基本吸收激光辐射的第一模具部件布置在接收区域上。然后仅照射该第一模具部件，并通过检测器检测其热量。基于该测量数据生成第一模具部件的吸收特征。然后，将透过性第二部件设置在第一模具部件上并且优选地通过保持器固定，使得两个模具部件通过压缩力保持。然后通过加工激光器实现辐射，其中基于第一模具部件产生的吸收特征来控制能量输入。
在本发明方法中，优选的是，在用加工激光器照射的情况下，通过控制器减少在第一模具部件的具有较高吸收的那些点处的能量输入。术语“较高吸收”可以例如涉及第一模具部件的吸收的平均值。如果局部地提供比平均值更高的吸收，则局部地减少那里的能量输入。代替平均值，也可以选择吸收的阈值作为参考变量。
类似地，在本发明的方法中可以提供的是，在加工激光器照射的情况下，通过控制器增加在第一模具部件的与平均值相比具有较低吸收的那些点处的能量输入。术语“较低吸收”可以涉及吸收的平均值或固定的阈值。因此，基于从第一模具部件所生成的吸收特征给出的局部吸收来控制在用加工激光照射情况下的能量输入。产生的吸收特征指明了沿着要产生的焊缝的轮廓的位置与在此点检测的吸收之间的关系。
根据本发明的方法的优选实施例提供了借助于加工激光器照射第一模具部件以产生吸收特征。这导致的优点是仅需要单个加工激光器作为辐射源。原则上也可以设想使用第一激光束源产生吸收特征，使用第二激光束源作为加工激光器。
在根据本发明的方法中，优选的是沿着限定的路径照射第一模具部件以产生吸收特征，并且沿着该路径检测吸收特征。这里，激光束在限定的路径上行进。如已经说明的，吸收特征指明了激光辐射在基本吸收性的模具部件中沿待产生焊缝的轮廓的局部吸收之间的关系。因此，优选沿待产生焊缝的轮廓检测吸收特征。
根据本发明方法的改进，使用高温计或红外摄像机作为检测器。模具部件的点的温度可以通过高温计检测。可以通过红外摄像机产生模具部件的区域吸收的二维图像。
在根据本发明的方法中，优选使用波长在600nm和2500nm之间的加工激光器。这里，特别优选近红外范围的加工激光器，例如980nm波长的加工激光器。
在根据本发明的方法中，还可以提供使用附接到移动装置的加工激光器，其中所述移动装置被配置为x-y轴系统、机器人或检流计扫描器。借助于移动装置，移动附接到其上的加工激光器，使得通过电磁辐射源照射待产生焊缝的轮廓。
根据本发明的方法的另一变型提供了生成透过性第二模具部件的透射特征，并且还依据所生成的第二模具部件的透射特征来控制由加工激光器产生的能量输入。然而，透射特征的生成是可选的。可以测量透过性模具部件的透射率以及吸收模具部件的吸收率。为此，透过性模具部件也被加工激光器照射并因此被加热。用于透过性模具部件的大多数工程塑料具有2％至40％范围的吸收率。因此，透过性模具部件在照射下被加热，并且可用相同的检测器检测该热量，并且可以基于检测到的热量确定透射率。例如，越强烈的热量表明透射率越低。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于激光束塑料焊接的装置，包括第一模具部件的第一接收区域、具有移动装置的电磁辐射源、放置在所述第一模具部件上的第二模具部件的第二接收区域，以及用于检测模具部件的热量的检测器。根据本发明的装置被配置为实施所描述的方法。
根据本发明的装置优选地包括控制器，该控制器连接到电磁辐射源和检测器，并被配置为控制所述电磁辐射源，使得第一模具部件被照射，其热量通过检测器被检测，并且生成第一模具部件的吸收特征，其中，一旦使激光辐射基本透过的第二模具部件被布置在第一模具部件上，则使用加工激光器沿着待产生焊缝的轮廓照射这两个模具部件，使得由加工激光器产生的能量输入由控制器基于所生成的第一模具部件的吸收特征来控制。
在根据本发明的装置中，可以提供的是，所述装置具有用于拾取第二模具部件并将第二模具部件放置在第一模具部件上的操纵装置。操纵装置例如可以配置为机器人抓手。
在根据本发明的装置中，检测器优选地布置在与电磁辐射源相同的一侧。
附图说明
在下文中，将基于示例性实施例并参考附图来说明本发明的其他优点和细节。附图是示意性说明并显示如下：
图1是根据本发明的装置的示例性实施例的侧视图；
图2是能量-时间图；
图3是表示随时间的热辐射的图；
图4是根据图1的本发明装置，其中具有两个模具部件；以及
图5是模具部件的平面图和激光束的路径。
具体实施方式
图1示出了装置1的示例性实施例的侧视图。装置1包括用于第一模具部件3的接收区域2。接收区域2被配置为夹紧装置并与保持器4配合，保持器4与接收区域2一起形成夹紧装置。保持器4具有凹槽5，其适合于第一模具部件3的尺寸和形状。从图1中可以看出，第一模具部件3被接收并保持在保持器4和接收区域2之间。在这种状态下，由接收区域2和保持器4组成的夹紧装置在模具部件3上施加压缩力，该压缩力由两个箭头6,7示意性地表示。
装置1用于激光束塑料焊接，其中第一模具部件3连接到第二模具部件(图1中未示出)。为了确保在焊接过程中精确地提供塑化或熔化所需的能量，首先用构造为加工激光器8的辐射源照射第一模具部件3。加工激光器8由控制器9以这样的方式控制：激光束10沿着限定的轮廓在第一模具部件3的表面上移动。在该示例性实施例中，所述限定的轮廓是矩形的。在激光束10的作用下，第一模具部件3的照射表面依据吸收而变热。借助于检测器11检测该吸收，检测器11布置在加工激光器8的附近并且指向第一模具部件3的表面12。在该示例性实施例中，检测器11被配置为高温计。高温计使得可以检测被激光束10加热的表面12的特定点处的温度。
图2是显示加工激光器8随时间输入的能量的图。从图2中可以看出，加工激光器8产生的照射能量随时间恒定。
图3是示出由检测器11检测到的被照射的第一模具部件3的表面12的热辐射的图。被配置为高温计的检测器11通过控制器9跟踪加工激光器8，使得检测器11的运动与加工激光器8的运动耦合——因为检测器11跟踪加工激光器8。由于检测器11测量第一模具部件3的表面12的不同点在不同时刻的温度，因此图3中所示图还显示了沿着加工激光器8经过的轮廓检测到的热辐射。因此，图3中所示图可以解释为不仅表示随时间的热辐射，而且还表示与所辐照轮廓相关的热辐射。
图3中所示的曲线13包括点14，在该点处热辐射相对较低。这是一个相对冷的点。因此，该位置的吸收校低。相比而言，点15处的热辐射相对较高。因此，这是第一模具部件3的表面12上的暖点。暖点意味着第一模具部件3的吸收较高。因此，曲线13表示第一模具部件3沿着加工激光器8经过的轮廓的吸收。因此曲线13表示第一模具部件3的吸收特征。
图4是类似于图1的图示，并且示出了具有接收区域2、第一模具部件3和保持器4的装置1。如果第二模具部件16放置在适当位置并基本使激光辐射透过，则激光辐射基本在第一模具部件3上被吸收。两个模具部件3，16以夹紧的方式保持在接收区域2和保持器4之间。在该示例性实施例中，保持器4一方面用于检测第一模具部件3的吸收特征，另一方面用于焊接第一和第二模具部件3，16。在其他实施例中，两个不同的保持器也可用于检测吸收特征和随后的焊接过程。
焊接过程在图4所示的支撑或夹紧状态下进行，其中通过配置为压缩力的夹紧力作用在第一和第二模具部件3，16上。能量通过加工激光器8输入并穿过使激光辐射基本透过的第二模具部件16，然后加热布置在第二模具部件16下方的第一模具部件3的表面12，直到塑料塑化。同时加工激光器8由控制器9控制，使得激光束10沿着限定的轮廓被引导。这样，第一模具部件3局部熔化。通过热传导，第二模具部件16的下侧也被加热到这样的程度：使得两个模具部件3，16在夹紧力的作用下彼此结合。由加工激光器8产生的能量输入在焊接过程中由控制器9基于图3中所示的第一模具部件3的吸收特征来控制。在使用加工激光器8照射的情况下通过控制器9减少在第一模具部件3的那些具有较高吸收的点处(例如点15处)输入的能量。另一方面，在使用加工激光器8照射的情况下通过控制器9增加在第一模具部件3的那些具有较低吸收的点处输入的能量。这方面的一个实例是点14，在该点处的吸收较低。
装置1用于批量生产由彼此焊接的塑料制成的模具部件。拾取第一模具部件3和第二模具部件16并通过操纵装置放置在合适位置。首先借助操纵装置将第一模具部件3放置在接收区域2上，以便生成吸收特征。然后借助操纵装置将第二模具部件16放置在第一模具部件3上。一旦完成焊接过程，由两个模具部件3，16形成的部件就通过操纵装置从接收区域2移除。
图5是平面图，示出了保持器4，其具有凹槽5和夹紧的第二模具部件16。箭头17和虚线示出了激光束10的路径并因此示出了第二模具部件16的被照射轮廓。可以看出，加工激光器8在矩形路径上行进，由此形成矩形焊缝。
附图标记列表
1 装置
2 接收区域
3 第一模具部件
4 保持器
5 凹槽
6 箭头
7 箭头
8 加工激光器
9 控制器
10 激光束
11 检测器
12 表面
13 曲线
14 点
15 点
16 第二模具部件
17 箭头

Claims (16)

1.一种用于激光束塑料焊接的方法，具有以下步骤：
在接收区域(2)上设置基本吸收激光辐射的第一模具部件(3)，
使用电磁辐射源仅照射所述第一模具部件(3)，
通过检测器(11)检测所述第一模具部件(3)的热量，
生成所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征，
在所述第一模具部件(3)上设置使所述激光辐射基本透过的第二模具部件(16)，以及
使用所述电磁辐射源沿着待产生焊缝的轮廓照射所述第一模具部件(3)和所述第二模具部件(16)，使得由所述电磁辐射源产生的能量输入由控制器(9)基于所生成的所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征来控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在用所述电磁辐射源照射的情况下，通过所述控制器(9)减少在所述第一模具部件(3)的具有高吸收的点处的能量输入。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在用所述电磁辐射源照射的情况下，通过所述控制器(9)增加在所述第一模具部件(3)的具有低吸收的点处的能量输入。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述电磁辐射源照射所述第一模具部件(3)以生成所述吸收特征。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为了生成所述吸收特征，沿着限定的路径照射所述第一模具部件(3)，并且沿着所述路径检测所述吸收特征。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，使用待产生焊缝的轮廓作为用于生成所述吸收特征的所述限定的路径。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，使用高温计或红外摄像机作为所述检测器(11)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，使用波长在600nm和2500nm之间的电磁辐射源。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电磁辐射源附接到移动装置，其中所述移动装置被配置为x-y轴系统、机器人或检流计扫描器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，生成透过性第二模具部件(16)的透射特征，并且由所述电磁辐射源产生的能量输入由控制器(9)还基于所生成的所述第二模具部件(16)的透射特征来控制。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在仅照射所述第一模具部件(3)的步骤中，所述电磁辐射源附接到移动装置，在所述电磁辐射源仅照射所述第一模具部件(3)的同时，所述移动装置沿所述轮廓在所述第一模具部件(3)上移动，
在检测所述第一模具部件(3)的热量的步骤中，所述检测器(11)跟踪所述移动装置，以测量所述第一模具部件(3)的表面的温度，并且
在生成所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征的步骤中，所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征基于所述检测器(11)测量的所述温度而生成。
12.一种用于激光束塑料焊接的装置(1)，包括
第一模具部件(3)的第一接收区域(2)、具有移动装置的电磁辐射源、放置在所述第一模具部件(3)上的第二模具部件(16)的第二接收区域，以及用于检测模具部件(3，16)的热量的检测器(11)，其特征在于，所述装置(1)被配置为实施如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，所述装置(1)还包括控制器(9)，所述控制器(9)连接到所述电磁辐射源和所述检测器(11)，并被配置为控制所述电磁辐射源，使得所述第一模具部件(3)被照射，其热量通过所述检测器(11)被检测，并且生成所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征，其中，一旦使激光辐射基本透过的所述第二模具部件(16)被布置在所述第一模具部件(3)上，则使用所述电磁辐射源沿着待产生焊缝的轮廓照射所述第一模具部件(3)和所述第二模具部件(16)，使得由所述电磁辐射源产生的能量输入通过所述控制器(9)基于所生成的所述第一模具部件(3)的吸收特征来控制。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，所述装置(1)还包含用于拾取所述第二模具部件(16)并将所述第二模具部件(16)放置在所述第一模具部件(3)上的操纵装置。
15.根据权利要求12或13所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，所述检测器(11)设置在与所述电磁辐射源相同的一侧。
16.根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括保持器(4)，所述保持器(4)用于保持所述第一模具部件(3)和所述第二模具部件(16)，并且具有凹槽(5)，所述凹槽(5)形成为适合于所述第一模具部件(3)的尺寸和形状，
其中所述电磁辐射源通过所述凹槽(5)照射所述第一模具部件(3)和所述第二模具部件(16)。
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