Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
  • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
  • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
  • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
  • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
  • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
  • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
  • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
  • H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
  • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
  • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
  • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K15/04—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of windings, prior to mounting into machines
  • H02K15/0435—Wound windings
  • H02K15/0478—Wave windings, undulated windings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
  • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
  • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
  • H02K21/145—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having an annular armature coil
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
  • H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
  • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
  • H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
  • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
  • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
  • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
  • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
  • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
  • Y10T29/49012—Rotor

Definitions

• the first induction asynchronous, the second variable reluctance and the third synchronous are compared in a presentation entitled "Comparison of different drive system technologies for electric vehicles" by Dr. Udo WINTER of the company SIEMENS, having taken place October 1-3, 1998 and published in EVS. BRUSSELS. All these machines have their magnetic fluxes located in planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation and are said to have parallel flux (to the direction of movement). Their stator electrical circuits are made up of individual angularly distributed coils.
• the one-piece stator magnetic circuit consists of the assembly, by stacking in the axial direction, of sheets whose circular cutout makes the stator poles appear in a peripheral and radial manner.
• This arrangement simplifies the construction of the stator.
• the air gaps of this stator also have the advantage of having stator poles laminated by sheets whose plane of one of the straight sections is perpendicular to the local direction of movement, so that when an air gap is closed, the sheets are all attacked simultaneously and each gradually. It follows that the saturation of a sheet occurs only at the end of the closing of the air gap, which limits the iron losses and increases the speed of establishment of the flux, this in contrast to the sheets which are perpendicular to the direction of travel.
• the first and third machines have a vector composition stator, the disadvantages of which are listed in FR 2862 166 (KOEHLER).
• the cost of the large volume of the permanent magnets of the third machine is penalizing and the rotor polarization cannot be adjusted.
• the first machine is economical as an engine but has a low starting torque and is difficult to recover energy.
• EP 0942517 (ABB DAIMLER-BENZ) and EP 1 063 754 (DAIMLERCHRISLER), with axially distributed phases, have a rotor polarization, but with a composite stator whose sheets are stacked in the direction of movement so that these sheets attacked each suddenly and all successively, cause significant iron losses as indicated in FIG. 2 of EP 1 063 754.
• this latter configuration makes it possible to have an elementary elementary magnetic circuit, it is however composite, constituted by a crown massive central unit capable of receiving two toothed crowns of sheets stacked in the axial direction. But with a central crown made of magnetic sintered material, the alternating flux generates greater iron losses in increased masses.
• a first object of the invention is to disclose a variable reluctance machine with polarized rotor poles, in which a stator magnetic circuit causes little iron loss and is preferably made in one piece, that is to say global.
• a second aim is to economically constitute this stator magnetic circuit by simple assembly or by stacking or overall winding of sheets or strips of sheets.
• a third goal is to have, for each phase, a global stator electric circuit constituted by a winding of a conductor. This conductor must be able to have a large cross section as in WO 91/12619 cited or be a cylindrical wire.
• a rotor can be polarized in different ways: -A polarization by induction effect is described in EP 1 170850 (KOEHLER) for a machine with transverse flux and angularly distributed phases and in WO 99/48190
• ABB DAIMLER-BENZ with axially distributed phases.
• -A global polarization by a rotor winding is used in a Lindell machine, but in an ineffective way because only part of the smooth surface of a stator pole with vector composition is covered by a projecting trapezoidal rotor pole.
• -A polarization by individual permanent magnets is described in EP 0790695 cited for a machine with transverse flux and angularly distributed phases and in EP 0942517 cited for a machine with transverse flux and axially distributed phases.
• a fourth aim of the invention is therefore that the machine according to the invention is capable of receiving a choice of polarization devices, preferably global, of the rotor poles according to the use of the machine (starting torque, flux reduction, risk of demagnetization, energy recovery, atmosphere, costs, etc.)
• a fifth object of the invention is to adapt the machine to the motorization of a land transport means ranging from the bicycle to the wheel-motor described in FR 2802728 (TECHNICREA), but preferably without reducing agent.
• a sixth object of the invention is to remedy this defect simply because the structure with plane air gaps can be of interest, for example to occupy the center of the machine.
• a modular structure such as that of FR 2742937 (JEUMONT) is advantageous from the point of view of construction, reliability if the modules are independent and performance: the elongation at constant diameter of a motor not modular leads to an increase in the elongation of an air gap with increased fringe flux and to a deterioration of the winding factor N 2 / R, which constitutes a seventh object of the invention.
• an axial modularity cannot be implemented if only a small fraction of the outside diameter of the machine is available in axial length.
• An eighth object of the invention is to provide a structure of the invention having an angular distribution of the phases of the machine, making it possible to have a short axial length.
• the invention proposes choices for reducing the ripple rate and improving the efficiency at low load.
• the invention therefore relates to a variable-reluctance polyphase dynamo-electric machine comprising a rotor facing at least one stator, the rotor moving relative to the stator by rotation of the Z-axis, with a local direction of displacement, the stator comprising salient stator poles, the rotor comprising rotor poles with constant and salient pitch, and this rotor comprising magnetic polarization means creating desired conditions of polarization of the rotor poles so as to have an alternative flow of flow between stator poles facing, by at least one row of cylindrical or planar air gaps, rotor poles, the phases q of the machine being axially or angularly distributed by forming elementary stator electric circuits housed in elementary stator magnetic circuits to constitute elementary stators.
• an elementary stator is single-phase and comprises on a single row of air gaps per elementary circuit, pairs of stator poles facing the same number of rotor poles of an elementary rotor circuit.
• the electrical circuit performs a reversal of N, S polarity between the angularly neighboring stator poles belonging to the same phase q, that is to say poles of odd or even parities, the order of parity being determined from any angular origin.
• the stator poles are laminated by sheets whose plane of one of the straight sections is perpendicular to the local direction X of displacement.
• the conductors of an elementary stator electric circuit of a phase q have meanders which alternately bypass a stator pole on one side then the neighboring pole on the other so as to produce an elementary stator winding with consequent poles, which can be obtained by preferably global winding.
• alternating flow loops are closed between pairs of stator and rotor poles, each pair having the same parity and different polarities between pairs when the air gaps are being closed.
• This machine therefore consists of all of the elementary stators facing all of the elementary rotor circuits.
• the air gaps can be cylindrical with an internal or external stator or be flat.
• the phases q can be axially distributed: a single-phase elementary stator electric circuit has a circular shape and is housed in a single-phase elementary stator magnetic circuit also of circular shape and the elementary stators thus formed are arranged coaxially to constitute the stator of the machine.
• the phases q can also be angularly distributed: an elementary single-phase stator electric circuit has a shape in angular sector.
• stator poles can be made from sheets obtained by punching a magnetic strip in a strip. According to the teaching of US 4,654,552 (GENERAL ELECTRIC assigned), the strip can be bent in its plane around an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of the strip to obtain a stator with cylindrical air gaps, here with external stator.
• an internal stator is obtained by sheet metal wound in a helix, to constitute for example a wheel motor.
• a circuit with plane air gaps can be obtained as described in document 9805E of March 1998 from the English company BROOK HANSEN ELECTRODRIVES Ltd. West Midlands: The band, punched at a constant pitch to reveal the poles, is wound in its plane around its axis which is parallel to the plane of the band.
• a first elementary stator magnetic circuit with plane air gaps located on one side such that the left receives by axial translation an overall single-phase stator electric circuit for plane air gaps by producing a first left elementary stator.
• a second elementary stator is disposed on the right side facing the first, and between these two circuits is interposed a plane elementary rotor magnetic circuit by creating two plane rows of air gaps.
• This planar elementary rotor magnetic circuit carries out the series and the polarization of two pairs of air gaps formed one by neighboring poles of a first row of left air gaps and the other by neighboring poles of the second row d 'right air gap, the polarities of the stator excitations being adapted to have a flow circulation in series in these four air gaps, so as to balance the axial forces.
• a connecting conductor sets up the overall elementary stator electrical circuits on the left and right so as to balance the amp-turns of the two elementary stators in the event of an incident. This forms an elementary fraction of a machine with plane air gaps with axially distributed phases.
• the rotor poles such as left and of even order are joined by a left external axial rotor ring which is in contact with a first left lateral face of a polarity such as N of a first global permanent magnet outside with axial magnetization in the shape of a torus, the other face S of which is in contact with a right external axial rotor ring which joins together the right rotor poles of even order.
• the left rotor poles of odd order are joined by a left inner axial rotor ring which is in contact with a first left lateral face of polarity S of a second global internal permanent magnet with axial magnetization in the shape of a torus , the other side N of which is in contact with a right internal axial rotor ring which joins the odd order right rotor poles.
• a global rotor winding can be placed between the two permanent magnets and in this case, the permanent magnets can even be omitted to increase the regulation range, for example in case of generator operation or in case of extreme temperatures.
• each rotor pole of a row of air gaps of an parity such as odd can be in contact with a first polar face such as N of an individual permanent magnet and the rotor poles of opposite parity even of the same row of air gaps have opposite parities S, either by contact with the other face of the permanent magnet, or by means of a pole piece joining together one face of all the permanent magnets.
• the air gaps are cylindrical, to have a flux concentration, an individual permanent magnet has its polar faces which are in contact with the side faces of two independent neighboring rotor poles.
• a global permanent magnet with axial magnetization has a toroid shape and is positioned between two crowns which it polarizes, the first crown on a side such as left of a polarity such as N joining poles rotor such as odd and the second right crown, of polarity S, joining the even poles.
• a global rotor winding of axis Z can be arranged against a non-polarized face of the permanent magnet. If the operation of the machine is mainly in motor mode and if a supply delivers to the stator electric circuits currents in the form of notches, the number of phases ql, q2 ..
• the duty cycle of the stator toothing is greater than 1/2
• the duty cycle of the rotor toothing is greater than the duty cycle of the stator toothing and, for a given number of phases q, these duty cycles are such that the breaking time of a phase for running at nominal power is close to the duration separating on the one hand the end of the reluctance constancy of a closed air gap, and on the other hand, the start of the closing of the next air gap of so as not to create antagonistic couples.
• the number of phases q is preferably odd and greater than three so as to reduce the ripple rate.
• a method for manufacturing a variable-reluctance polyphase rotary dynamo-electric machine, this machine comprising a rotor facing at least one stator, the rotor moving relative to the stator by rotation.
• stator comprising salient stator poles
• rotor comprising rotor poles with constant and salient pitch
• this rotor comprising magnetic polarization means creating conditions of polarization of the rotor poles so as to have an alternating flow circulation between stator poles facing, by at least one row of air gaps, at rotor poles, the phases q of the machine being axially or angularly distributed by forming elementary stator electric circuits housed in basic stator magnetic circuits to form stators s single-phase elementaries each comprising, on a single row of air gaps, an even number of stator poles facing the same number of rotor poles of an elementary rotor circuit, the electrical circuit carrying out an inversion of polarity between angularly neighboring stator poles belonging to the same phase q, meanders alternately bypassing a stator pole on one side then the neighboring pole on the other side of so as to produce an overall elementary stator electric circuits housed in basic stator magnetic circuits to form stators s
• This process includes a step of winding a thermo-adherent enamel wire in the form of a torus under low voltage, as well as an operation of shaping and compacting the meanders by thermo-adhesion so as to produce a stator electric circuit.
• This process alternately comprises a step of folding an insulated copper flat at a substantially right angle on edge periodically, a first time in four folds forming a first slot U 1 corresponding to the internal bypass of a stator pole and a second time in two other folds forming with the first slot a second slot U 2 and having a branch common with the first, corresponding to the external bypass of the stator pole.
• this method then comprises a folding of the flat along axes which are not perpendicular to the edges of the flat but which are inclined towards the axis of the machine so that the plane of the flat is parallel to the lateral faces. of the notch which is intended for him.
• the strip is then wound around a direction axis Z.
• this method alternately comprises a first step of punching and isolation in a copper strip of a succession of flat elements in the form of double L joined to one another after a double inversion so that an element is constituted by the joined bases of the two L and by two outer arms of the two L, having opposite directions, followed by a second step in which successively a terminal element of the strip is sectioned, its ends are leveled and the bases are arranged in a notch of an elementary magnetic circuit, finally followed by a third step in which the adjacent ends of the arms on each side face of the magnetic circuit are welded together by dipping in a solder bath on each side face of the magnetic circuit so as to constitute an elementary stator electric circuit global single-phase flat strip for cylindrical air gaps.
• the method according to any one of the preceding characteristics can be implemented for the manufacture of a machine in which the air gaps are cylindrical and in which a stator or a rotor comprises a magnetic circuit and an electric circuit, this method further comprises a step of developing one of said circuits on the other so as to nest said circuits to constitute a stator or a rotor with rotor winding.
• a magnetic circuit is broken down into angular sectors each comprising a pole.
• One sector is angularly limited by two sections, one of which has a hollow angular mortise and the other has a protruding mortise.
• a radial mortise is placed between the previous mortises.
• a machine with cylindrical air gaps and an external stator comprises a fixed axis which is connected to the body of the vehicle by a connection comprising at least one degree of freedom. Bearings allow the rotation of a hollow shaft which carries the rotor and rings and brushes feed the rotor winding.
• a disc-shaped support, carrying conductors, is fitted on the end of the fixed shaft and carries the stator by means of a cylinder head.
• FIG. 1 represents a partial section of a stator magnetic circuit with cylindrical gaps with sheet stacking as described in the first cited document;
• Figure 2 is a view of this circuit from the air gap with meanders according to the invention;
• FIG. 3 illustrates a transformation of a state known to lead to the invention;
• FIG. 4 represents a tool for cylindrical shaping of an electrical circuit in wire;
• FIG. 5 represents this tool for plane air gaps;
• FIG. 6 represents an electrical circuit composed of double L elements.
• FIG. 7 represents in perspective the folding of a flat part of an electrical circuit for plane air gaps;
• FIG. 8 represents this electrical circuit in a flat stator magnetic circuit;
• Figure 9 is similar to Figure 6 but for cylindrical air gaps;
• Figure 10 shows this circuit in a cylindrical stator magnetic circuit;
• FIG. 11 schematically reproduces FIG. 7 with two stators framing a rotor with individual permanent magnets;
• lafigure 12 takes again the figure 10 but with a rotor with global permanent magnet and with global rotor winding;
• Figure 13 shows this machine in axial section;
• FIG. 7 represents in perspective the folding of a flat part of an electrical circuit for plane air gaps;
• FIG. 8 represents this electrical circuit in a flat stator magnetic circuit;
• Figure 9 is similar to Figure 6 but for cylindrical air gaps;
• Figure 10 shows this circuit in a cylindrical stator magnetic circuit;
• FIG. 11 schematically reproduces FIG. 7 with two stators framing a
• FIGS. 16 and 17 detail, in section and plan, a machine with axially distributed phases, with plane gaps and with rotor which comprises a winding;
• Figures 18 and 19 rere the two previous figures, but with cylindrical air gaps with external rotor and rotor polarization by individual permanent magnets;
• FIGS. 16 and 17 detail, in section and plan, a machine with axially distributed phases, with plane gaps and with rotor which comprises a winding;
• Figures 18 and 19 rerere the two previous figures, but with cylindrical air gaps with external rotor and rotor polarization by individual permanent magnets;
• FIG. 20 and 21 repeat the two preceding figures, but with an inner rotor and with rotor polarization by overall permanent magnet and overall rotor winding;
• Figure 22 shows in radial section the junction of two sectors of a cylindrical stator with angularly distributed phases, with winding polarization and induction effect;
• FIG. 23 is a section along the axis of FIG. 21, with configuration indications in the case of a driving wheel, and
• FIG. 24 represents a displacement diagram of a machine with 5 phases and with double polarization.
• the second motor is a rotary dynamo-electric machine 1 with parallel flow, with cylindrical air gaps, with internal rotor and variable reluctance which comprises a stator 2 and a rotor 3, the stator having a magnetic stator circuit. 4 exterior constituted by an axial stack of sheets which easily appear in radial directions of the laminated salient stator poles 5 each surrounded by a coil 6 and the rotor 3 having salient poles 7 by defining a single row of air gaps 8.
• the phases ql q2 q3 are angularly distributed and a Vernier effect between stator and rotor poles ensures the continuity of the movement.
• This machine also comprises an axis of rotation 9 and a cylinder head 10 (not shown).
• a partial section of such a stator magnetic circuit also constituted by the stacking and gluing in the axial direction of sheets revealing in radial directions Y stator poles 5 here 50 in number, provided of windings 6.
• a rotor pole 7 of a rotor 3 (without winding).
• pairs of stator poles 5 of phases q are not provided with an individual coil for delicate implementation.
• the phases q can also be angularly distributed as will be seen, but here they are axially distributed, each in an elementary stator magnetic circuit 20, which can be with plane gaps p or with cylindrical gaps c with in this case an internal stator i or exterior o either 20p, 20 ci or 20co and which here is made up globally by stacking flat sheets, or 20gf ci.
• the rotor circuit 3 is also broken down into elementary rotor magnetic circuits 2 1 not shown in this figure which is seen from the air gap with straightened curvature.
• the number of rotor poles 7 is even and equal to the number of stator poles 5 of phase ql.
• stator poles e such as 5 e and odd poles u such as 5u, the parities being defined from any origin.
• the winding 6 advantageously consists of conductors 22, making meanders 23, alternately bypassing a stator pole 5 such as even 5 e on a right side r or 23r then the neighboring pole 5 u on the left side 1, or 231 so create a single-phase elementary electrical circuit here for cylindrical air gaps c with consequent poles 24 or 24 c.
• This circuit can be wire or flat. This flat can occupy the entire width of the notch as shown, or occupy the height of the notch. This consequent pole winding reduces the length of the conductors.
• a winding such as 24g c in flat will be described later.
• the presence of opposite axial currents in neighboring notches transforms the previous toric flux into a radial flux, with however a slight loss of efficiency due to the absence of a conductor between two meanders. This loss is however small because the length of a notch is generally a multiple of the width of a pole, while the efficiency of this winding is doubled compared to an individual coil which would occupy only half of the notch.
• thermo-adhesive enamel wire 31 is wound with a low tension in the form of a torus 32 which is framed by two combs, one on the left 1, ie 33el and l 'other right r is 33ur whose teeth correspond to the poles 5 of the same parity with a shift of a polar step between the combs.
• the two combs 33 are brought closer to each other until they cross, in the axial directions Z-Z for cylindrical air gaps c or, in FIG. 5 similar to the previous one, in radial directions Y- Y for plane air gaps p.
• the diameter of the torus decreases to reveal the meanders 23.
• FIG. 6 represents another structure of the electrical circuit 24, constituted by a first step of cutting from a copper strip a succession of flat elements 27 in the form of double L joined to each other after a double inversion so that an element 27 is constituted by the contiguous bases 28 of the two L and by two outer arms 29 of the two L, having opposite directions. The strip thus formed is then isolated.
• a terminal element 27 of the strip is sectioned, its ends are leveled and the bases 28 are arranged in a notch 30 of a cylindrical elementary magnetic circuit such as 20gf ci, these operations being continued so as to reveal the series of meanders 23, ie 23r on the right side and 231 on the left side.
• the adjacent ends of the arms 29 on each side face of the magnetic circuit 20, 21 are welded together by dipping in a solder bath so as to constitute a single-phase flat stator or rotor electrical circuit in flat strip for air gaps here cylindrical, such as a 24fc circuit.
• elements 27 x have also been shown.
• FIG. 7 shows in schematic perspective a third circuit structure 24 obtained by folding a flat spot at substantially right angles.
• This flat is folded on edge periodically, a first time in four folds forming a first slot U 1 corresponding to the internal bypass of a pole and a second time in two folds forming with the first a second slot U 2 and having a common branch with the first, corresponding to the external bypass of the next pole.
• These folds of inverted pairs of slots U 1, U 2 are continued over a first length of strip corresponding to a number of U equal to the number of stator poles and the ratio of the widths of the bottoms of U of a pair is modified to the following strips until arriving at an inverse ratio to complete the length of folded strip 34p for plane gaps.
• FIG. 8 represents several turns of this strip 34p curved around a direction axis Z by making use of the angle of the folds to produce the meanders 23 i and 23 o of an elementary stator electric circuit 24 with successive flat û for plane air gaps p, i.e. 24gûp.
• the folds can be rounded to reduce the length of the conductors.
• This circuit is axially slid into a planar global elementary stator magnetic circuit, ie 20gp, having plane stator poles 5p of even or odd order u or od, or 5pe, 5pu separated by notches of constant width.
• An elementary stator 26gûp is thus formed with plane air gaps with axially distributed phases.
• FIG. 9 represents a folded strip 34c in the case of cylindrical air gaps.
• this electrical circuit 24 guc is entangled in an elementary magnetic stator circuit with cylindrical air gaps 20 g c with poles 5.
• the space between lateral conductors can be increased to facilitate cooling.
• This electrical circuit can be wound on an internal stator constituted simply by stacking of flat sheets f or 20gfûci by constituting an elementary single-phase stator 26gfcûi with axially distributed phases. However, this winding would not be possible on a cylindrical magnetic circuit with an external stator 20co.
• the plane air gap has been straightened and two left and right stators 26gpl and 26gpr frame, by rows of plane air gaps 8pl, 8pr, a magnetic rotor circuit with plane air gaps 2 Ip provided with plane rotor poles 7pl, 7pr of axial directions Z.
• These rotor poles are constituted here, in a simplified non-global manner, each by a polar surface of an individual permanent magnet of axial direction 37z whose polar surfaces N, S face the stator poles 5 pi and 5pr.
• Two angularly adjacent 5p poles, that is 5pe, 5pu have opposite polarities. We therefore have in series poles 5ple, 5plu, 7plu, 7pru, 5pru, 5pre, 7pre, 7ple and 5ple constituting a
• stator circuits of a 24gûpl and 24gûpr phase are connected in series by a connecting conductor 38 in order to avoid an imbalance of amp-turns.
• the circuits of the other phases are arranged coaxially.
• FIG. 12 similar to FIG. 11 and in FIG.
• the poles 7ple rotor are joined by a left outer rotor ring 39g ol Z axis which is in contact with a left side face such that N of a first permanent permanent magnet outside with axial magnetization 40g zo in the shape of a torus, the other face S of which is in contact with an outer crown o right 39gor which joins the poles 7pre.
• the poles 7plu are joined by a left inner crown 39gil in contact with the surface S of a second overall permanent permanent magnet 40gzi whose other face N is in contact with a right inner crown 39gir which joins the poles 7pru.
• FIG. 14 shows in perspective an elementary magnetic stator circuit with cylindrical air gaps.
• a magnetic stripe in strip 42 is cut by showing poles 5 c between notches 30 and a winding by bending is done around an axis 9 (not shown, of direction Z) whose direction Z is perpendicular to the plane of the strip 42.
• This bending in the plane of the strip is made possible because of the large number of poles and due to the presence of buttonholes 43. It therefore gives poles 5 c for cylindrical air gaps.
• the helical winding deforms the buttonholes and is continued until the poles
• FIG. 13 shows in a similar way an elementary stator magnetic circuit with 20 gp plane air gaps.
• the magnetic strip strip 42 is wound around the axis 9 which here is parallel to the plane of the strip 42.
• the cutout shows on one side, flat pole sheets 5p, each between two notches 30.
• the diameter d winding is such that at the end of a revolution, the expected number of planar poles 5p is obtained and the winding of the strip is continued until the poles 5p have the desired thickness.
• the flat poles 5 p of this circuit are therefore laminated by sheets whose plane of one of the straight sections is perpendicular to the direction X of the displacement.
• the notches 30 here have a constant width and have substantially radial edges thanks to to the adapted length of the arcs between the poles 5 p as can be seen in FIG. 7.
• a hole 44 is cut between two poles Spe and 5pu.
• FIGS. 16 and 17 show an embodiment of a machine with plane air gaps, with axially distributed phases and with rotor polarization by winding so as to operate as an alternator with adjustable voltage over a wide range, as for a wind turbine.
• Figure 16 is a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation. A partial section is made, on the left side, at the level of a single-phase stator magnetic circuit 26pr and on the right at the level of the elementary rotor magnetic circuit 2 lp, towards the air gap 8pl.
• a stator magnetic circuit 20gp can be formed by winding a strip showing the plane poles 5pu and 5pe.
• the rotor polarization is created by a global rotor electric circuit 41 g û p, similar to the 24gûp circuit, which alternately surrounds the bars
• a ql phase consists of a 2 lp circuit framed by two 26pr and 26 ft circuits.
• FIGS. 18 and 1 represent a machine with cylindrical air-gaps with axially distributed phases and with internal stator, with a polarization by individual permanent magnets 37.
• the elementary magnetic stator circuit is of the 20ghci winding type according to FIG. 14 and we elaborate on this circuits a stator electric circuit 24f c of FIGS. 4, composed of flat elements 27.
• circuits 27 x in at least one notch so as to have meanders 23 with latticework on the winding heads, like this is visible in Figure 19. This facilitates air cooling but at least one pole is lost 5.
• An external elementary magnetic rotor circuit 21 co is constituted by individual rotor poles 7 c embedded in a rotating bandage 47.
• the permanent magnets individual 37 have their pole faces in slightly conical contact with the side faces of two poles 7ce, 7cu.
• Figures 20 and 21 are similar to Figures 18 and 19 but for an external stator machine and with an overall rotor bipolarization by permanent magnet and winding.
• the elementary stator electric circuit 24 used here is a folded, curved flat, helically wound and compacted according to Figures 9 and 10, or 24gûc.
• On this circuit is developed a magnetic circuit composed of angular magnetic sectors 51 with an axial stack of flat sheets comprising a pole 5, this sector being similar to that shown in FIG. 5B1 of WO 2004/042893 (EMERSON ELECTRIC).
• a sector 5 1 is angularly limited by two sections, one of which on one side as right has a hollow trapezoidal mortise 52 r and the other on the left a projecting mortise 521 so that these mortises can overlap between neighboring sectors by an axial direction assembly.
• Each odd pole 5 u is thus carried by a sector 51 u and likewise 51e for the even poles 5 e which may be grain oriented.
• the assembly is done in the following way:
• a radial mortise 53 makes it possible to introduce laterally the sectors such as pairs 51e in complementary notches of a face such as straight r of a cylinder head sector 1.
• the electrical circuit 24gûc is then deposited in this assembly, the odd meanders 23u being located between two even 5 th neighboring poles.
• the odd sectors 5 read are then all introduced simultaneously from the left face 1.
• the mortises 52, 53 can have a clearance angle so as to facilitate the introduction of the sectors guided by a hole 54, to center the poles well, to decrease the reluctance of the joints and to give rigidity to the stator which is thus formed by axial displacement d, ie 2 d.
• a pole 5 of a sector 51 is provided with a thin insulating belt before the lateral introduction of the sector.
• the air gap length can be increased on the side opposite the lateral insertion.
• the cylindrical elementary rotor magnetic circuit here includes brushes b, that is 21bgci. It is seen on the left in section 11 and on the right in lr as indicated in Figure 21.
• This massive circuit is composed of even poles 7 e which are the offset ends in the shape of claws of a right axial rotor pair 39gre right, the poles 7u odd being joined by an odd 39glu left crown.
• These crowns frame on the one hand the pole faces of an axial permanent magnet 40 gz and on the other hand an overall rotor winding 41 g z.
• the global permanent magnet 40 is preferably plastic bonded and is broken down into angular sectors such as 40n, 40n + 1. Its lateral surface does not have a limit imposed towards the axis 9.
• FIG. 21 the crowns are shown in reinforced hatching with respect to the claws.
• Figures 22 and 23 show a cylindrical induction machine with cylindrical air gaps with external stator and moreover with an angular distribution of the phases.
• the external stator magnetic circuit is stacked sheets. We can consider it not as a single-phase elementary stator, but as a 4 gco stator circuit giving a stator 2 co when it is equipped with polyphase windings in the form of several single-phase sectors.
• To have axially balanced torques there are 6 electrical circuits each surrounding 8 poles 5 with an angular pitch of 7.2 °.
• the stator winding of each sector is made by an electric circuit 24f c according to Figure 3 and we see that the notch of the pitch increased by 1/3 can receive two stacks of insulated flat copper elements 27 x whose arms 29 have one direction. This offset causes 4 poles to be lost 5 but the winding heads are openwork as shown in FIG. 22.
• the rotor magnetic circuit 3 can be massive because the flux of a loop 25 which crosses them has only fluctuations without describing a complete hysteresis cycle.
• This circuit here has 50 poles 7ci, even 7cie and odd 7ciu.
• the bottom of the notches is occupied by a copper molding 55 forming a squirrel cage providing an induction effect with the stator winding 24f c. Since the rotor flux is unidirectional with simple fluctuations, it is possible to add to the rotor a rotor winding with rings b and brushes such as 24bgûc wound directly in the shallow rest of the notches 30 thereby creating a wound rotor 3gb, here 3gbci. As a result, the starting torque can be increased by rotor excitation, by correcting a fault in the asynchronous motors. In addition, by reversing this excitation, an energy recovery braking is caused.
• a disc-shaped support 60 is fitted on the end of the fixed shaft 56 and carries the stator 2c o by means of a yoke 10.
• This support includes conductors supplying the stator as well as possibly channels for a refrigerant.
• a wheel 6 1 is keyed on the hollow shaft 58, between the engine and the vehicle body.
• This wheel can carry a tire for a railway or a rim for a tire, the offset (not shown) is located above the cylinder head 10.
• a fan wheel can also be interposed between the wheel 61 and the machine.
• the motor having a thin crown shape, there is a space available between the shafts 56 and 58 to accommodate a mechanical brake. It is no longer necessary to have an axle between two side wheels and by removing an axle, there is a low floor for access to the vehicle. All of the vehicle's wheels can be driven and steered, which decreases the prominence of each engine, improves grip, makes maneuvering easier and increases overall reliability. With reference to the exemplary embodiments, it can be seen that for a given application, there are six structures according to the distribution of the phases, plane or cylindrical air gaps and an exterior or interior stator.
• the invention proposes to have an odd number of phases greater than three.
• it is not limited to the examples described, but it is possible to combine different described configurations, of geometry, number of phases, circuits, shape of air gaps, methods of development and assembly, polarizations, magnetic materials, conductors, insulators, etc., while remaining in the claimed field.
• the formation of meanders 23 on a torus 32 of enameled wire31 can also come from a deformation produced by pressure rollers acting progressively on an angular part of the torus 32 previously sheathed.
• a torus 32 can also be flattened into two superposed sections, one of which will be shaped in meanders such as even and the other in odd meanders so as to constitute a sector of an angularly distributed phase for cylindrical air gaps. If the configuration of the machine allows it, several flat elements 27 can be obtained by a single cut, as for example in a single-phase sector angularly distributed with plane air gaps. As an example of combination and assembly, the different stators or rotors of machines with plane or cylindrical air gaps can be swapped, as well as the axial or angular distribution of the phases. Thus, a wound rotor 3b can be constituted by an axial displacement of the poles as for the elementary stator 26d of FIG. 20.
• the toothing cyclic ratios may be 0.5 of the fact that there is no engine operation.
• the flat elements 27 of FIG. 4 have a width which is periodically modified as the filling progresses. of the notch.
• the strip 34c may have had decreasing thickness.
• thermoadhesion can be replaced by impregnation under vacuum in the presence of the magnetic circuit.
• it is the meanders 23, involving pairs of salient poles by single-phase circuit, which make it possible to carry out the advantageous arrangements described above.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
• Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
• Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
• Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-05-26 FR FR0405677A patent/FR2876231B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-05-04 WO PCT/FR2005/001117 patent/WO2005122367A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2005-05-04 JP JP2007512262A patent/JP2007536888A/ja active Pending
  • 2005-05-04 US US11/579,687 patent/US7605515B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-05-04 EP EP05769660A patent/EP1774640A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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