EP1774630A1 - Ensemble eclateur a extinction automatique et utilisation de ce dernier - Google Patents

Ensemble eclateur a extinction automatique et utilisation de ce dernier

Info

Publication number
EP1774630A1
EP1774630A1 EP04738135A EP04738135A EP1774630A1 EP 1774630 A1 EP1774630 A1 EP 1774630A1 EP 04738135 A EP04738135 A EP 04738135A EP 04738135 A EP04738135 A EP 04738135A EP 1774630 A1 EP1774630 A1 EP 1774630A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
arrangement according
expansion
arrester arrangement
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04738135A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1774630B1 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Groth
Uhland Goebel
Peter Nuechter
Markus Ganter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huber and Suhner AG
Original Assignee
Huber and Suhner AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huber and Suhner AG filed Critical Huber and Suhner AG
Publication of EP1774630A1 publication Critical patent/EP1774630A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1774630B1 publication Critical patent/EP1774630B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/08—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps structurally associated with protected apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electrical protection technology. It relates to an automatically extinguishing surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1 and the use of such a surge arrester arrangement.
  • Radio antennas are in communication
  • BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE Lightning strikes or other short-term phenomena can cause dangerous voltage surges, which can lead to permanent damage to the electrical equipment or to a total failure.
  • surge arresters are voltage-dependent resistors, such as metal-oxide varistors (MOVs), which are connected between two conductors, between which dangerous voltage peaks can occur.
  • MOVs metal-oxide varistors
  • the resistance of the varistors is large, so that only a small leakage current flows between the two conductors.
  • the resistance of the varistors decreases drastically, so that the desired compensation current can flow.
  • thermally activatable switching device which interrupts the current through the varistor in the event of strong leakage-induced heating of the varistor and substitutes a spark gap as additional overvoltage protection in the disconnected connection (US Pat -4,288,833).
  • the thermally activatable switching device is realized by an elastic switching arm, which is soldered under mechanical prestressing with one end to the varistor and which establishes an electrical connection to the varistor. If the varistor heats up excessively due to excessive leakage currents, the solder of the solder joint melts and the electrical switching arm releases from the varistor due to its bias voltage and interrupts the current flow through the varistor.
  • surge arresters are the gas capsule arresters, which in the event of overvoltage ignite a gas discharge in a sealed gas-filled capsule with two or three electrodes.
  • the problem with these arresters is that a once ignited gas discharge is maintained at a comparatively low burning voltage. If, for example, a supply voltage for remote electronics which is greater than or equal to the burning voltage or a high HF power is applied to the gas capsule discharger installed in a circuit or line, the gas discharge continues to burn after the occurrence of a firing surge voltage and loads the circuit or line.
  • Additional irreversible switching devices have also been proposed for the gas capsule arresters which react to excess heat generated in the arrester and then interrupt the current supply to the arrester permanently (US Pat. Nos.
  • thermally activated switching devices may be integrated in the surge absorber (see the aforementioned publications), but they can also be formed separately and thermally coupled from the outside to the surge arrester (US Pat. No. 4,275,432).
  • Thermally activated, irreversible short-circuiting devices are also known in the context of coaxial cable capsule arresters (US Pat. No. 5,724,220, FIGS. 24 and 25).
  • a reversible switching device for interrupting the discharge current through a gas capsule drain is known from US-A-4,068,277.
  • a separate, equipped with a bimetallic element, thermally-working contactor is provided, the heating element is connected in series with the arrester. If the once ignited discharge remains in the arrester for a certain time, the contactor responds and interrupts the current through the arrester and the one line. If the contactor has sufficiently cooled down again after a longer period of, for example, 20-30 s, it automatically switches on the current through the arrester and the one line, so that the initial state is restored.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that because of the separate contactor a compact and space-saving arrangement is not possible. Furthermore, the interruption in a line is unsuitable for applications in which a supply current for other circuit parts is routed via the lines.
  • surge arrester arrangements which are integrated into a coaxial conductor arrangement for high frequencies and therefore not only have to be suitable for the highest frequencies, but at the same time also compact in construction, reliable, low maintenance and robust.
  • Surge arrester arrangement but without additional switching device are known from CH-A5-660 261 or EP-A1-0 855 756 or EP-A1-0 938 166 of the Applicant.
  • an additional switching arrangement has been proposed in the W0-A1 -2004/032276 of the Applicant, which has an inductance, a electromagnetically actuated breaker switch and a diode. This switching arrangement acts together with a series circuit of two similar Gaskapselableitern. Structure and operation of the arrangement can be found in the cited document.
  • the object is solved by the entirety of the features of claim 1.
  • the essence of the invention is to provide a switching mechanism which, when current flows through the surge arrester, reversibly responds to the heat generated in the surge arrester by the current flow and interrupts the current flow through the surge absorber and subsequently automatically returns to its original state.
  • This can be done in the simplest case with purely electronic means, for example, by a resistor with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) or negative temperature coefficient (NTC) scans the heat of the Matternapssabieiters and interrupts the gas discharge by its resistance change.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • the switching mechanism comprises switching means and thermally coupled to the surge arrester actuating means for actuating the switching means, which actuation means - unlike the melting solder joints of the prior art - reversibly respond to the heat generated in the surge arrester by the current flow.
  • actuation means unlike the melting solder joints of the prior art - reversibly respond to the heat generated in the surge arrester by the current flow. Due to the direct thermal coupling of the actuating means to the surge arrester both can be structurally combined, so that a very compact arrangement is created.
  • the response of the actuating means to the heat generated in the surge arrester ensures that the interruption occurs with a certain delay and only when the arrester is actually under continuous load. If, after the interruption of the current flow through the surge arrester, the heating of the arrester subsides, the actuating means automatically return to their initial state so that the surge arrester arrangement is ready for use again after a certain delay time.
  • actuating means for example, memory metals or bimetals come into consideration, change their shape due to the heat and either operate separate switching means or even part of the switching means.
  • the actuating means comprise expansion means which convert the heat generated in the surge arrester by the current flow by means of thermal expansion in a switching movement.
  • the thermal expansion is a particularly simple, effective, reliable and reproducible mechanism for generating a switching movement, by means of which then the flow of current through the trap can be interrupted. Cools the Surge arrester then follows on the expansion, a contraction, which leads back to the initial state.
  • the thermal expansion of a gas, a liquid or a solid can be used. It is particularly advantageous in terms of simplicity and robustness, if according to a preferred embodiment, the expansion means comprise an expansion body made of a solid material, the thermal expansion is utilized in a first axis as a switching movement. As a result, a linear switching movement is available, which can be particularly easily combined with appropriate switching means.
  • the thermal expansion of the expansion body in the first axis can be enhanced by a suitable shaping of the expansion body or by an anisotropic material behavior of the expansion body.
  • An example of a suitable shaping is an angled shape in the manner of a (acting in the reverse direction) toggle lever.
  • the expansion body of a heat-resistant rubber-elastic material, in particular a silicone rubber or a fluoroelastomer, and the expansion body is surrounded by a limiting the radial expansion and thus the axial expansion reinforcing limiting element.
  • the limiting body limits the thermal expansion radially with respect to the first axis and, due to the "quasi-hydrostatic" behavior of the expansion body, causes a significant increase in the extent in the direction of the first axis.
  • the expansion body has the shape of an axial axis to the first disc, and as a delimiting a hollow cylindrical, coaxial, electrically and thermally insulating isolatorhülse, in particular made of polytetrafluoroethylene, is provided, an unwanted outflow of heat flowing into the expansion body heat through the side Limitation be prevented.
  • the current flow through the surge arrester can be interrupted by opening a series-connected or by closing a parallel switch.
  • the surge arrester arrangement is under construction when the switching means comprise a switch which is connected in series with the surge arrester and closed in the initial state, and which is opened when the actuating means respond to the heat generated in the surge arrester by the current flow.
  • the switching means comprise a switch which is connected in parallel to the surge arrester and opened in the initial state, and which is closed when the actuating means respond to the heat generated in the surge arrester by the current flow.
  • the switch comprises two metallic contact elements, which are pressed against each other by a spring element and against the pressure of the spring element are separable, wherein one of the contact elements connected to the surge arrester arrangement, in particular soldered, and.patii the actuating means or expansion means between the two contact elements are arranged.
  • the contact elements are surface-finished to avoid burnup, especially coated with silver.
  • the surge arrester arrangement when the surge arrester, the metallic contact elements, the spring element and the actuating means or expansion means are arranged axially to a first axis in a common housing one behind the other, when the housing is electrically conductive and serving as a lead to the surge arrester, and when contact springs are provided to make contact with the housing.
  • the metallic contact elements, the spring element and the actuating means or expansion means can be arranged on one side of the surge arrester.
  • the metallic contact elements and the actuating means or expansion means may be arranged on one side of the surge arrester and the spring element on the other side of the surge arrester.
  • the housing may be formed as a one-sided open, screw-housing. But it is also conceivable that the housing is designed as a housing open on one side, and that are provided on the open side of the housing pins for inserting the surge arrester arrangement in a printed circuit.
  • the surge arrester is designed as a gas capsule drain and has a cylindrical shape with electrical connections arranged on the end faces.
  • a surge arrester arrangement in which the surge arrester, the metallic contact elements, the spring element and the actuating means or expansion means are arranged coaxially to a first axis in a common housing one behind the other, in which the housing is electrically conductive and serves as a supply line to the surge arrester, and in which contact springs are provided for making contact with the housing, inserted in a coaxial conductor arrangement.
  • the coaxial conductor arrangement comprises an inner conductor extending in a second axis and an outer conductor coaxially surrounding the inner conductor, the surge arrester arrangement having the first axis perpendicular to the second axis being fastened to the coaxial conductor arrangement, in particular screwed, the housing is electrically connected to the outer conductor conductively connected, and a second supply line to the surge arrester is electrically connected to the inner conductor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a Koaxialleiteran extract with a screwed surge arrester according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows the structure of the equipped with a gas capsule
  • Fig. 3 is suitable for installation in a printed circuit
  • Fig. 4 is a comparable to Fig. 3 embodiment with axial
  • Fig. 5 shows the cross section through an expansion body, which carries out an increased thermal expansion movement in one axis due to its shape as a toggle lever.
  • WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 1 shows a longitudinal section of a coaxial conductor arrangement with a screwed-in surge arrester arrangement according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the coaxial conductor arrangement 10 from FIG. 1 is comparable in construction and external dimensions to known gas capsule lightning protection devices, as are offered by the applicant on the market and as they are mainly used in mobile radio base stations.
  • gas capsule lightning protection devices usually have an impedance of 50 ⁇ , can be used for frequencies up to several GHz and can be loaded with individual current pulses up to 30 kA and multiple current pulses up to 20 kA.
  • Typical external dimensions are axial lengths of around 100 mm and external diameters of around 30 mm. With the invention, such gas capsule lightning protection devices can be retrofitted with a self-extinguishing switching device without significant changes must be made.
  • the coaxial conductor arrangement 10 comprises a metallic outer conductor 11 (made of surface-finished brass or the like) with graduated inner diameter and a central conductor consisting of several inner conductor sections 12,.
  • the inner conductor 12, .., 15 is arranged by means of insulating disc-shaped holders 16, 17 coaxial in the outer conductor 11 and fixed.
  • the end-side inner conductor sections 14 and 15 are designed as slotted sockets and part of screwed connectors. For screwing serve on the outer conductor 11 mounted external thread 18, 19.
  • an inner conductor section 13 with a reduced outer diameter is simultaneously provided.
  • the surge arrester assembly 20 includes a per se known (cylindrical) Matternapssabieiter 22 in the form of a two-pole gas capsule diverter or Gasentladungsabieiters, which lies with its cylinder axis in the axis 34 of the surge arrester assembly 20.
  • Such Gasentladungsabieiter as offered for example by the company Epcos, have response voltages of 70 V up to several kV and in the ignited state, a arc-burning voltage of 10-30 V. In the ignited state, the internal resistance drops to values ⁇ 1 ⁇ , while he in the locked (cleared) state> 1 G ⁇ .
  • the capacity is only a few pF, which is particularly favorable for HF applications.
  • the outer dimensions (length x outer diameter) are of the order of 6 mm ⁇ 8 mm.
  • the surge arrester 22 is releasably held in the surge arrester assembly 20. It has two frontal contact surfaces, which are in communication with the internal gas discharge path and are isolated from each other by the intermediate ceramic housing.
  • the Studentswoodsabieiter 22 sits with the lower free end in a Isolierbecher 21. With the lower contact surface, it abuts against an electrically conductive connector 24, which establishes contact with the inner conductor section 13 through an opening in the bottom of the Isolierbechers 21.
  • the surge arrester arrangement 20 of FIG. 1 taken in an enlarged view in Fig. 2 is reproduced. It comprises a downwardly open housing 25, which holds the Matternapsabieiter or gas capsule 22 (capsule holder housing).
  • the housing 25 is externally provided with key surfaces and has a screw thread 32, with which it can be screwed into the threaded hole 23 in the outer conductor 11 (FIG.
  • the housing 25 is initially also open to the other side, so that the accommodated in the housing functional elements 22 and 26, .., 31 can be introduced into the interior of the housing.
  • the center contact 30 has a circular disk-shaped base plate 40, to which a cylindrical contact pin 39 is formed with a reduced diameter at the top.
  • the outer diameter of the base plate 40 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the Studentswoodsabieiters 22.
  • the center contact 30 is for example made of brass and is to improve the contact properties and especially to avoid erosion surface-coated, in particular coated with silver.
  • the expansion body 29 has the shape of a circular disk and is preferably made of a heat-resistant rubber-elastic material, in particular a silicone rubber or a fluoroelastomer. He has in the center a coaxial bore 38, which is matched in diameter to the contact pin 39 of the center contact 30.
  • the center contact 30 extends with the contact pin 39 through the bore 38 of the expansion body 29 just so far that at operating temperature, the end face of the contact pin 39 connects flush to the top of the expansion body 29 and at the same time with the bottom of the expansion body 29 arranged contact plate 27 produces an electrical contact.
  • the circular contact disc 27 is also made of surface-refined, in particular silver-plated, brass.
  • the housing 25 simultaneously serves as a supply line to the surge arrester 22.
  • To prevent the center contact 30 is outside surrounded by a coaxial insulator sleeve 31, which also encloses the expansion body 29 and the lower part of the contact disc 27.
  • the insulator sleeve 31 is formed as a hollow cylinder and consists of an electrically and thermally insulating, heat-resistant material, preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the insulator sleeve 31 engages with an outer projection 41 behind an undercut in the housing 25.
  • the center contact 30 is supported with the base plate 40 from.
  • the surge arrester 22 which is soldered to the upper contact surface with the base plate 40 of the Mittenkotakts, held in the housing 25.
  • a spring element 26 is arranged that is formed in the example shown as a spring washer, but also other forms (disc spring, coil spring or the like.) Can assume.
  • the spring element 26 and the axial dimensions of the individual components of the surge arrester assembly 20 are designed so that the contact pin 39 and the contact plate 27 in the normal state (at operating temperature) are pressed against each other with a spring bias against each other.
  • the function of the surge arrester arrangement 20 is as follows: In the normal state, when the surge arrester 22 is not ignited and the arrangement is substantially at operating temperature, the switching contact formed by the center contact 30 and the contact disk 27 remains closed. Thus, the surge arrester 22 is electrically conductively connected at one end to the inner conductor section 13 and at its other end via the elements 30, 27, 28 and the housing 25 to the outer conductor 11. If the coaxial conductor arrangement 10 is then acted upon by a flash or otherwise with a short-term voltage pulse which goes beyond the ignition voltage of the surge arrester 22, the surge arrester 22 ignites and largely compensates for the potential difference. If the voltage drops the decay of the voltage pulse immediately below the burning voltage of Studentsnapssabieiters 22, this is cleared and the initial state is restored. Substantial heating of the surge arrester 22 and thus of the expansion body 29 does not take place.
  • the thermal expansion of the expansion body 29 takes place almost exclusively in the axial direction, because the expansion body 29 is bounded in the radial direction by the insulator sleeve 31 and the pressure resulting from the restriction due to the "quasi-hydrostatic" material properties of the expansion body 29 in the axial direction is effective In this way, it is possible to achieve an axial expansion of the expansion body 29, which is greater than the factor 3, than the isotropic expansion, and thus represents a considerable reinforcement effect, due to the axial thermal expansion of the expansion body 29 between the two contacts 30 and 27 are - when a sufficiently high temperature has been reached, for example, 100 0 C or more - the two contacts separated from the pressure of the spring element 26.
  • the dielectric properties of the expansion body 29 play a role especially if in a coaxial lightning protection device, which is equipped with a surge arrester without self-extinguishing switching device, subsequently such a switching device should be installed, as is advantageously possible in the inventive surge arrester arrangement.
  • the surge arrester arrangement according to the invention can be used advantageously not only in connection with a coaxial line arrangement of the type shown in FIG. 1, but can also be used wherever gas capsule arresters are used as overvoltage protection.
  • it is customary, for example, to insulate gas capsule dischargers equipped with connecting wires or soldering pins (see DE-A1-197 31 312) into printed circuits.
  • a comparable, according to the invention modified surge arrester arrangement is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the surge arrester assembly 46 of FIG. 3 includes a surge arrester 22 in a gas capsule form housed within a housing 43 open on one side.
  • the series-connected switching device settles turn from the soldered to the capsule 22 center contact 30, the disc-shaped expansion body 29 and a contact plate 36, which are isolated from the housing 43 by an insulating sleeve 31 '.
  • the switching device is arranged here below the surge arrester 22, while the contact disc 27 is located with the contact springs 28 above the surge arrester 22.
  • the surge arrester 22 is connected on one side (bottom) via central connection means 45 and the switches 30, 36. On the other side (top), the connection is made via the outer connection means 44, the housing 43 and the contact disk 27 with the contact springs 28. With the connection means 44, 45, the surge arrester arrangement 46 can preferably be connected in a printed circuit.
  • FIG. 5 An example of an expansion body with special shaping is shown in FIG.
  • the expansion body 48 of Fig. 5 utilizes the mechanical principle of the toggle lever in which it is formed either as a conically shaped disc or as a kinked strip in the middle.
  • the expansion body 48 is supported by the outer edge on an abutment 47.
  • a reverse toggle effect occurs, ie one reinforced thermal expansion movement in the axis 34 (arrow), which can be advantageously used as a switching movement.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble éclateur (20) à extinction automatique, comportant un éclateur (22) qui, lors du dépassement d'une première tension prédéfinie, passe d'un état non conducteur à un état conducteur et repasse à l'état non conducteur uniquement lorsque la tension redevient inférieure à une deuxième tension beaucoup plus faible. Cet ensemble éclateur présente également un mécanisme de commutation (26,..., 31) qui réagit lorsque que le courant traverse l'éclateur (22) et qui interrompt le passage du courant à travers ce dernier (22) puis retourne automatiquement à son état initial. L'objectif de l'invention est de créer un ensemble éclateur conçu de manière simple, robuste et compacte, approprié pour des applications HF. A cet effet, le mécanisme de commutation (26,..., 31) réagit de manière réversible à la chaleur produite par le passage du courant dans l'éclateur (22).
EP04738135A 2004-08-06 2004-08-06 Ensemble eclateur a extinction automatique et utilisation de ce dernier Expired - Lifetime EP1774630B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH2004/000495 WO2006012754A1 (fr) 2004-08-06 2004-08-06 Ensemble eclateur a extinction automatique et utilisation de ce dernier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1774630A1 true EP1774630A1 (fr) 2007-04-18
EP1774630B1 EP1774630B1 (fr) 2011-02-02

Family

ID=34958158

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04738135A Expired - Lifetime EP1774630B1 (fr) 2004-08-06 2004-08-06 Ensemble eclateur a extinction automatique et utilisation de ce dernier

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7567417B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1774630B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101050807B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1998117B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0418994B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004012168D1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI357088B (fr)
WO (1) WO2006012754A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012110135A1 (fr) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-23 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions comprenant au moins un parafoudre
US9172236B2 (en) 2011-02-18 2015-10-27 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Overvoltage protection device having at least one surge arrester
RU2586994C2 (ru) * 2011-02-18 2016-06-10 Ден + Зёне Гмбх + Ко. Кг Устройство защиты от перенапряжения, содержащее по меньшей мере один разрядник

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TW200618017A (en) 2006-06-01
US7567417B2 (en) 2009-07-28
CN1998117A (zh) 2007-07-11
DE502004012168D1 (de) 2011-03-17
EP1774630B1 (fr) 2011-02-02
US20070253136A1 (en) 2007-11-01
KR101050807B1 (ko) 2011-07-20
CN1998117B (zh) 2010-12-08
TWI357088B (en) 2012-01-21
WO2006012754A1 (fr) 2006-02-09
BRPI0418994A (pt) 2007-12-11
KR20070035595A (ko) 2007-03-30
BRPI0418994B1 (pt) 2014-12-23

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