Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
  • E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
  • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a construction plane element.
• the invention also relates to an arrangement for a construction, which is formed from one or more planar elements.
• wood In the field of construction, taken in its broad sense, the wood is more and more used for the realization of various works.
• the wood will also be associated with other materials, such as concrete, polymeric materials, metals, glass, and others.
• the architectures and high-performance systems developed industrially must be: prefabricated, to reduce assembly time on sites, multifunctional, to save on the number of layers needed and serve as indoor or outdoor architectures, - perfectly controlled for all mechanical characteristics, for fire resistance, for acoustics, and for subsequent implementations (for the insertion of other elements, such as ducts, etc.), users an ecological and economic base material, such as solid wood board, - easily dismountable, if necessary, for example in the context of temporary constructions, to take account of ecological constraints requiring reuse of the materials used in such a framework, and very competitive from a price point of view.
• Document DE-1 609 888 discloses a floor structure comprising a primary structure, made from parallel longitudinal plates, at the two ends of which are placed several slats, so as to give an I-section.
• the longitudinal plates form a central core , making the thickness of the floor, thus giving its inertia, and are reinforced in compression and traction by unitary or plural smooth, symmetrical on the upper part and the lower part.
• a floor structure maintained by secondary beams comes to rest on the plates.
• the document PL-170.890 describes a structure made from parallel planks, held laterally by crosspieces arranged in X. A horizontal plate intended to maintain an upper concrete layer is placed between two parallel planks.
• EP-1.323.876 discloses a box made from two substantially parallel plates, connected by longitudinal crosspieces arranged in a cross.
• the braces are inserted in an upper longitudinal lath for compression forces, provided at the upper plate, and in a lower longitudinal lath for tensile stresses, provided at the lower plate.
• WO-02 / 31-283 discloses a prefabricated floor element consisting of a box incorporating an upper panel with crossed folds, serving as a compression yoke.
• the upper panel is placed on several central boards, whose base incorporates one or two staggered slats. These central boards serve as spacer to give the inertia of the box.
• This system is only a simple prefabricated box, and allows no other variation than the box presented, with boards and panel.
• the central board with its or its laths, does not form a beam. Indeed, without the upper panel necessarily rigidly connected, the box has a performance that is substantially equal to the inertia of the central boards.
• the two side slats do not reinforce the beam for itself.
• the panel must even be cut to integrate the head of the board and to be able to form an indissociable whole.
• the document DE-195.37.298 describes a wooden arrangement consisting of a succession of parallel boards, arranged vertically, being alternately and slightly offset in the vertical plane, to build self-supporting roof panels. These panels are at the same time the internal framework of the volume located under the roof. However, the charges received must be well distributed and the resulting ranges remain low, of the order of 3 m to 5 m.
• the document EP-1.149.213 discloses parallel planks, arranged on edge, with an opening of the gap between the staggered planks, going to the technical limits of the composed section.
• the thickness obtained for the arrangement makes it possible to considerably increase the free span without requiring intermediate support.
• An upper panel stabilizes the boards against the spill and is the floor of the upper floor.
• these arrangements used as a slab do not allow to house the usual ducts and ducts of the building (water circulation network, ventilation ducts and air conditioning, electricity, etc.).
• these massive arrangements in dried planks if heavy rains come to moisten the wood, boards of boards swell like a sponge. This phenomenon generates major disorders in the building, either by exerting a push on the walls, or by tiling to absorb the transverse expansion.
• a main problem to be solved by the invention is to develop a construction element, able to form a horizontal slab type arrangement or vertical wall, which is both simple and economical in terms of the amount of boards needed.
• a second problem is the realization of an element, allowing, from its design, to have passages or unoccupied volumes, for the insertion of ducts, pipes, wiring of a building.
• a third problem is to design a plane element from wood, having good abilities to absorb mechanical deformations.
• a fourth problem is obtaining a two- or three-dimensional arrangement incorporating one or more planar elements.
• a building element defining a plane, comprises a primary structure and a secondary structure substantially parallel to the plane.
• the construction element is characterized in that: the primary structure has at least two distinct beams, each having rectangular section boards parallel to each other, arranged on edge, with their longitudinal axis parallel to the plane the building element, with one or more planks offset laterally perpendicular to the plane, and at least two planks not offset laterally; and in that the secondary structure connects each of the separate beams to one another at the level of the inner edges of at least two of the boards that are not offset laterally.
• a separate beam formed from at least two staggered boards, constitutes a primary structure of high performance.
• These beams with the particular arrangement of their planks, are concentrated structural elements.
• the boards of each beam are offset laterally, that is to say relative to their width.
• the boards inflate because of the humidity of the site, it is no longer a problem since they have the entire empty area on each side to expand.
• the association of the beams with the secondary structure constitutes the plane element.
• the planar member may include a plate that can be maintained by the two face-to-face boards, each located at the edge of each of the adjacent separate beams.
• the plate can be freely arranged at different levels.
• the plate, the boards and the secondary structure delimit a closed volume, constituting a box.
• the element may comprise a connecting plate between two adjacent adjacent beams, fixed on the inner edge of the two laterally offset face-to-face boards, each located at the edge of each of the adjacent separate beams.
• the element may comprise a connecting plate between two adjacent adjacent beams, fixed on the outer edge of the non-laterally offset face-to-face boards, each located at the edge of each of the adjacent separate beams.
• the element may comprise a connecting plate between two adjacent adjacent beams, fixed on the outer edge of the laterally offset face-to-face boards, each located at the edge of each of the adjacent separate beams.
• the element may comprise a connecting plate between two adjacent adjacent beams, fixed on the inner edge of the two non-laterally offset face-to-face boards, each located at the edge of each of the separate adjacent beams.
• the building element may comprise a connecting piece between two adjacent adjacent beams, which can be fixed on the visible face of the two face-to-face boards laterally offset. This connecting piece can be formed from an alternation of boards and spacers offset laterally perpendicularly to the plane. These boards and spacers give the connecting piece a crenellated appearance, substantially similar to the appearance of the beams with alternating boards offset and not offset.
• the construction element may also comprise a connecting piece between two adjacent adjacent beams, fixed on the visible face of the two planks. face-to-face not laterally offset.
• This connecting piece can be formed from boards offset laterally perpendicularly to the plane and positioned at different heights stairs. These staggered boards give the connecting piece a crenellated appearance in steps.
• the beams may comprise an upper blade, which is fixed on the inner edge of the boards not offset laterally.
• the beams may comprise a localized layer of concrete, with a precise layout, which is poured by filling the spaces delimited by the non-laterally shifted planks and the inner edge of the laterally offset planks.
• the beams may comprise a regular alternation of laterally offset planks and non laterally offset planks.
• each of the beams may comprise an odd number of boards.
• the secondary structure may be a distribution panel or a series of slats or others, fixed on the inner edge of the boards not offset laterally or on the localized layer of concrete or on the upper blade.
• This secondary element structure for example for floor, which is made of panel or beams or squares or laths, must be continuous on the primary beams, so as not to introduce torsion of the main beams, when a concentrated local load is applied between two beams.
• the secondary structure may also be preferably a concrete layer cast on the plate and covering the separate beams.
• this high performance beam made of several base planks can be reinforced by a layer of bonded concrete, arranged in the upper part to reinforce the compression zone.
• the construction element may favorably include a plurality of connectors inserted into each separate beam perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the planks.
• the connection for securing the two materials, wood associated with concrete is a transverse connector wood or metal.
• the boards may be alternately offset by a distance substantially between 30% and 200%, relative to the size of the crossing zone between these boards.
• the separate beams can join together, so as to allow aesthetics of the element and the arrangement that can be obtained, or a three-dimensional configuration.
• the plates may have a substantially triangular, rhombic or quadrilateral shape.
• an arrangement is formed from one or more elements, as described above, and is characterized in that it constitutes a floor, a ceiling, a farm, a wall anti-noise, forming elements of partitions, walls or separations, slabs, flat or single-slope or double-slope roofs, bridge decks, and others.
• Figure 3 shows a cutaway perspective view of the top of a building element according to a second embodiment
• Figure 4 shows a cutaway perspective view of the top of a building element according to a third embodiment
• Figure 5 shows a side view of the construction element according to Figure 4
• Figure 6 is a perspective view from below of a construction element according to a fourth embodiment
• Figure 7 shows a side sectional view of a building element according to a fifth embodiment
• Figures 8 to 11 show a cutaway perspective view of the top of a construction element, respectively according to the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth embodiments;
• Fig. 12 is a side sectional view of a construction element according to a tenth embodiment;
• Figure 13 is a side sectional view of a construction element according to an eleventh embodiment;
• Fig. 14 is a side sectional view of a construction element according to a twelfth embodiment;
• Figure 15 is a bottom view of a ceiling type arrangement formed from a construction element;
• Fig. 16 is a partial perspective view of a firm type arrangement formed from a construction element; and
• Figure 17 is a side view of an anti-noise arrangement formed from a building element.
• a construction element (1) has a general plane (P), here substantially horizontal.
• the building element (1) comprises a plurality of primary structures or beams (2) consisting of five boards screwed together (3).
• the boards (3) have a rectangular section.
• the boards (3) are assembled parallel to each other.
• the boards (3) are arranged on edge.
• the longitudinal axis (L) of the boards (3) is parallel to the plane (P) of the construction element (1).
• one board out of two is alternately laterally offset, that is to say with respect to the width of the board (3), relative to each other, perpendicular to the plane ( P) of the element (1).
• three boards (4) are shifted down, and two boards (6) are not shifted.
• the three offset planks (4) enclose the two non-shifted planks (6), at a crossing zone (5).
• the prefabrication of a beam (2) is done by connectors, screws or nails or pins, metal or wood, or by gluing. In general, screws are preferred over other types of connectors.
• the beam (2) consists of an odd number of boards (3), five to seven boards (3), or more, N boards (4), arranged on edges, and screwed, shifted to the maximum of possibilities, and N - 1 boards not shifted (6) or N + 1 boards not shifted.
• the offset between the boards (4 and 6) is approximately 30% to 200% offset from the contact area and crossing (5) between offset and non-shifted boards (4 and 6) which receives the connectors.
• the basic materials for the construction of the beams (2) are solid planks, laminated planks (duo or trio or reconstituted solid wood), glulam or microlame panels also called LVL (for Laminated Veneer Lamber) or plywood or also panels called OSB® (Oriented Strand Board) or any other type of beams, based on wood or wood or wood-based reconstituted, and others. It should be noted that these beams (2) can be completely prefabricated in the factory for better quality and for a dry construction on site extremely fast.
• a plate (7) or ceiling panel is placed and fixed on the inner edge (8) of the offset plate (4) located at the edge of the beam (2) and thus facing the corresponding offset plate (4) located bordering the adjacent corresponding beam (2).
• the construction of a plane element (1) is made from the preceding beams (2), which occupy about 10% to 50% of the surface, alternating with the non-structural areas of the plates (7).
• the plates (7) delimit a box for the passage of ducts and other tubings. This element (1) constitutes a "high ceiling", showing the constituent beams (2).
• the plates (7) make the interior finish of the lower volume. For these plates, ceiling panels or siding (7), traditional plywood panels are possible.
• these plates (7) may be chosen in a non-flammable material, class MO, nonflammable, or Ml, hardly flammable.
• a secondary structure constituted by an upper floor panel or a distribution panel (9) is placed on the inner edges (11) of the non-shifted planks (6).
• the continuity of this panel (9) makes it possible to load in an almost equal manner the different non-shifted upper boards (6) of the beam (2).
• the distribution panel (9) associated with the element (1) is preferably constituted by a wooden panel, preferably of the "crossed microlam” type, has a strong axis in the direction of the fibers and a weak axis in the direction of two or three folds crossed.
• This panel (9) is screwed on the separate beams (2), in continuity on these same beams (2).
• the panel (9) of secondary structure floor is dimensioned, to be able to carry this distributed or concentrated load, when it is applied between the two primary beams (2). All the variants presented below are of the same performance, with for example boards of 50/200 mm, shifted by 120 mm, a beam rate of 30% (1/3).
• the plane element (1) obtained has a bearing capacity of 6 m to 8 m for a load of 300 kg / m 2 .
• the same solution as that of the first embodiment (1) is chosen for an element (12), with the beams (2), the three offset plates (4) and the two non-shifted boards (6) that compose them, and the interposed plates (7).
• the upper floor panel (9) is completed by an acoustic absorber (13) placed on the floor panel (9), plus a finishing layer (14) constituting the finished floor of the upper volume.
• an element (16) comprises the beams (2), substantially similar to that of the first and second embodiments (1 and 12). ). However, the alternation of the constituent boards (3) has been reversed. Three non-shifted boards (17) wedge two staggered boards (18). The splitter panel (9) is placed on the inner edges (11) of the non-shifted boards (6).
• the ceiling box is made with a plate (19), suspended at the lower level, on the outer edge (21) of the upper non-shifted side plate (17) of the beam (2).
• the beam (2) remains projecting relative to the box plate (19).
• Two mounting solutions are preferred, with the clip described in EP-1.000.207, which allows an invisible fixation, or with a triangular batten (22), acting as a cover for the connector and which has a small cornice in the visible ceiling.
• the other usual fixations are of course possible.
• an element (23) similarly takes over the first and second embodiments (1 and 12).
• the beams (2) comprise two non-shifted boards (6) and three shifted boards (4).
• the secondary structure with a distribution panel (9) is placed on the inner edges (11) of the non-shifted boards (6).
• the plate (24) is suspended at the lower level, on the outer edge (26) of an additional offset lateral bottom plate (27), which is contiguous to the offset planks (4) bordering the beam (2). This has the effect of hiding the height of the beam (2), and thus to give a more flat ceiling.
• Other solutions may be adopted to secure the plate (24). Edges or grooves may be provided in the board. Rails, brackets or clips can be reported.
• an element (28) comprises three non-shifted boards (29) and four down-planks (31). Notches or rabbets (32) have been formed at the crossing zone between the non-shifted planks (29) and four planks offset downwards (31). These rabbets (32) reduce the space (33) between the boards not shifted (29) and between the boards offset downward (31).
• a plate (7) is mounted on the inner edge (8) of the offset planks (31) at the edge of the beam (2).
• a localized inner blade (34) is fixed on the inner edge (11) of non-shifted boards (29).
• This inner blade (34) is substantially equal to the width of the beam (2), its edge arriving roughly to the right of the offset board (31) located at the edge.
• the blade (34) has its axis substantially parallel to the axis (L) of the boards (3) of these beams (2). This gives a beam (2) in f ⁇ .
• the splitter panel (9) is placed directly on the inner blades
• an element (36) similarly resumes the element (23) of the fourth embodiment, with the beams (2) comprising two non-shifted boards ( 6), three offset plates (4) and the plate (24) suspended on the outer edge of the additional offset board (27).
• An additional plate (37) is placed on the inner edges of the offset planks (4 and 27) bordering the beams (2).
• a concrete layer (38) is cast on the plates (29) and on the entire element (36), so as to cover the beams (2) at the level of the non-shifted boards (6).
• the concrete (38) forms the secondary structure and reinforces the compressed upper zone.
• a splitter panel (9) is placed on the concrete (38) and finishes the finish. Concrete (38) is adapted to the need for performance. The choice is one high-performance concrete, light-weight concrete with wood or synthetic aggregates or other traditional concrete.
• an element (39) is substantially similar to the element (36) of the fifth embodiment.
• the concrete (38) is connected to the wood by means of a transverse connector (41), for example making substantially the same width as the beam (2).
• the splitter panel (9) is placed on the concrete (38).
• an additional layer of finishing or soil treatment (42) is provided on the distribution panel (9).
• an element (43) with beams (2) has four non-shifted boards (44) and five shifted boards (46).
• a concrete blade or localized layer (47) is cast on the inner edge of the non-shifted boards (44). This localized layer (47) enters the three spaces delimited by the inner edge of the offset planks (46) and the non-staggered planks (44). The localized layer (47) stops substantially in the middle of the edge of the non-shifted board (44) bordering the beam (2).
• a plate (48) is then mounted on this inner edge of the non-shifted board (44) at the edge.
• the plate (48) serves as formwork for a yoke (49), recumbed on the localized layer (47) and between the beams (2), forming a continuity.
• This yoke (49) may or may not include an armature (51).
• a second ceiling can be freely arranged to box the area between two beams (2) and hide the technical facilities.
• the finishing layer may remain the concrete screed (49), for example for a tiled finish, or to integrate a floor heating system. It should be noted that this yoke (49) is then a part of the secondary structure of the floor.
• the concrete (49) does not enhance the bearing capacity of the base beam (2) because the concrete (49) is not connected to the beam (2). It is indeed floating on the secondary panel, consisting of the plates (48).
• an element (52) comprises the same beams (2) as those of the eighth embodiment (43).
• Localized concrete layers (47) are cast on the edge of the non-shifted planks (44). This localized layer (47) enters the three spaces, left by the offset planks (46), between the non-shifted planks (44).
• the localized layer (46) stops substantially at the edge of the edge of the non-shifted board (44) in edge of the beam (2).
• a continuous lower panel (53) is fixed on the outer edge of the offset planks (46). This lower panel (53) completely covers and hides the beams (2).
• a secondary structure made of continuous squares (48) is mounted on the beams (2).
• the space between the two carrier beams (2) is no longer boxed.
• the fifth embodiment (56) has beams (2) with three non-shifted boards (29) and four shifted boards (31), as in the fifth embodiment (28).
• the non-shifted planks (29) have notches (32) at the crossing zone to allow their adjustment with the offset planks (31) which enclose them.
• a plate (7) is mounted on the inner edge (8) of the offset planks (52) at the edge of the beam (2).
• a blade (34) is fixed on the inner edge (11) of non-shifted boards (29). The width of this blade (34) is substantially equal to the width of the beam (2), its edge arriving roughly to the right of the offset board (31) edge.
• a layer of concrete (57) is cast on the plates (7) and on the blades (34), so as to cover the beams (2) and a part of the space established between them.
• An acoustic film (58) is placed on the concrete (57) and a linoleum (61) or equivalent, or other materials, finishes the finish.
• an element (62) has beams (2) with four non-shifted boards (6) and five shifted boards (4), as in the eighth (43) and ninth embodiments (52).
• a secondary structure comprises, respectively from the inner edge of the non-shifted planks (6), a KERTO S panel (63), for example 27 mm thick, an acoustic resilient (64), for example 15 mm thick. thickness and an upper concrete screed (66), for example 50 mm thick.
• connecting pieces (67) have been provided.
• These connecting pieces (67) comprise an alternation of offset planks (68) and spacers also offset (69).
• the inner edges of the staggered boards (68) and offset struts (69) are all at the same level.
• the outer edges of the staggered boards (68) are all at the same level and the outer edges of the staggered struts (69) are all at the same level, but different from the outer edges of the staggered boards (68).
• an element (71) has beams (2) with four non-shifted boards (6) and five shifted boards (4), as in the eighth (43) , ninth (52) and eleventh embodiments (62).
• a secondary structure comprises, respectively from the inner edge of the non-shifted planks (6), an OSB panel (63), for example 10 mm thick, an acoustic resilient (64), for example 15 mm thick and an upper concrete screed (66), for example 60 mm thick.
• connecting pieces (72) have been provided. These connecting pieces (72) comprise an alternation of offset planks (73).
• These offset boards (73) are placed at different heights, so as to form a staircase.
• the inner and outer edges of the offset planks (73) are not all at the same level, but are regularly offset perpendicularly to the plane (P).
• the offset planks (73) of the connecting piece (72) will touch the wooden panel (63) of the secondary structure.
• offset planks (73) give the connecting piece (72) a crenellated appearance in steps.
• the offset planks (4) constituting the beams have different widths. A sinusoid is thus apparent with the offset planks (4) of the beams (2) and the offset planks (73) of the connecting pieces (72).
• a primary wood beam (77) receives other secondary beams (78), for example also similar to the beams (2) of the invention, and tertiary (79).
• the complementary structures of floor and ceiling come back in finish, but with plates (81) having much more diverse geometric shapes, triangles, diamonds and other quadrilaterals. This solution makes it possible to develop a superb ceiling in the lower volume.
• a second arrangement (82) is formed from a plurality of wooden beam planar members (2). It is a visible frame with convertible roof. The same finish is found with a secondary ceiling panel (83) and a panel or upper secondary slats, serving as a sub-roof
• planar elements mounted in three dimensions have become a farm, with the separate beams (2) with offset planks constituting the rafters and beams serving as pulling (84) to strengthen the farm in the shape of A.
• a third arrangement (86) is used as an anti-noise screen.
• a planar member (87) substantially resumes the eighth (43), ninth (52), eleventh (62) and twelfth embodiments (71) with four non-shifted boards and five shifted boards.
• the plane element (87) is installed vertically and is fixed to a support (88), for example a wall.
• the boards (3) are thus oriented towards the source area (S), from which the sound waves (O) originate in the direction of the front of the arrangement (86).
• the building element according to the invention has multiple advantages, and in particular: an integration of the physical needs of the building, for example, the lighting that can be incorporated in the ceiling box, the thermal insulation can fill all or part of the box, acoustic insulation ground impact noise can also be integrated; - a high resistance to bending by association of offset boards and a secondary structure, with a saving of material through the use of panels or concrete and the spacing between the beams constituting it; and a possible total disassembly of the assembled planks structure when the layout or building is to be removed, allowing reuse of the planks that constitute it or recycling in another industry (formwork, packaging, planks, etc.) .
• the embodiments may combine with one another to provide multiple aspects of the finished arrangement.
• the number of boards constituting the beams is not limiting.
• the applications are numerous with horizontal or vertical beams, forming elements of partitions or separations, flat or single slope roofs, or two-slope roofs, deck decks, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Lead Frames For Integrated Circuits (AREA)
• Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
• Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-07-29 FR FR0408385A patent/FR2873728B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-07-13 WO PCT/FR2005/050584 patent/WO2006018564A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2005-07-13 AT AT05792157T patent/ATE505603T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-07-13 CN CNA2005800255283A patent/CN101018919A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-07-13 EP EP05792157A patent/EP1771629B1/de active Active
  • 2005-07-13 DE DE602005027464T patent/DE602005027464D1/de active Active
  • 2005-07-13 BR BRPI0513499-4A patent/BRPI0513499A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-07-13 US US11/572,604 patent/US20080053031A1/en not_active Abandoned

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