EP0365512A1 - Vorgefertigte Bauelemente zur Errichtung von Gebaüden und Bauverfahren zur Errichtung von Gebaüden mittels dieser Bauelemente - Google Patents

Vorgefertigte Bauelemente zur Errichtung von Gebaüden und Bauverfahren zur Errichtung von Gebaüden mittels dieser Bauelemente Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0365512A1
EP0365512A1 EP89870157A EP89870157A EP0365512A1 EP 0365512 A1 EP0365512 A1 EP 0365512A1 EP 89870157 A EP89870157 A EP 89870157A EP 89870157 A EP89870157 A EP 89870157A EP 0365512 A1 EP0365512 A1 EP 0365512A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction unit
construction
frame
profiles
superimposed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP89870157A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Wybauw
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
REBUILD WORLD SA
Original Assignee
REBUILD WORLD SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by REBUILD WORLD SA filed Critical REBUILD WORLD SA
Publication of EP0365512A1 publication Critical patent/EP0365512A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of buildings whose structural work is formed by superposition and juxtaposition of prefabricated construction units.
  • the sides of the frame of the construction units are beams whose material is greatly spread in height, which has the consequence that they have a high bending moment for a reduced weight of material.
  • European Patent No. 0012736 provides between stacked units, open spaces called horizontal technical spaces.
  • the height of these spaces is equivalent to the distance between the upper face of the upper horizontal wall of a given construction unit and the lower face of the lower horizontal wall of another construction unit superimposed on the first.
  • these spaces are intended in particular for the installation of technical equipment such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, piping and sanitation, and electrical equipment , for example.
  • the cost price of the realization of a building in which the horizontal technical spaces are high is much more important than that of a building of the same kind in which the height of the horizontal technical spaces would be reduced.
  • the lower frame in each construction unit, must be solid. It must have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand, without unacceptable deformation, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall and its mobile and immobile overloads, even when the construction unit is suspended by its four upper corners from a handling machine. , for its transport and its installation on the building.
  • the upper frame must also be strong enough to withstand the compression stresses it undergoes when the construction unit is put in place by a handling machine such as a crane.
  • the lower and upper frames of a building unit according to the European patent No. 0012736 consist of large metal plates, of which the material is spread strongly in height, and which exhibit high bending resistance for reduced weight of material.
  • An object of the present invention is to enable the construction of buildings constructed from structural units having similarities with those described in European Patent No. 0012736, but in substantially reducing the height of the horizontal technical spaces provided between two superimposed units , and this by using elements of less weight, therefore less expensive, without compromising the rigidity of the frame of the building.
  • a second object of the invention is to construct such buildings so that the upper frames of the construction units are not visible from inside the premises of the building.
  • Another object of the invention is to create in inexpensive dwellings, horizontal technical spaces of reduced height in which pipes of sanitary installations, the presence of which is inevitable, and which are among the most cumbersome, can nevertheless be easily installed.
  • Another object of the invention is to construct buildings whose rigid structure requires little or no vertical bracing.
  • Another object of the invention is to obtain buildings which can, with an equal ceiling height, compete with buildings obtained by traditional construction, with regard to the number of floors, stair treads and the surface of the facades, for a given total height.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method for producing buildings according to which prefabricated construction units are produced in the workshop, comprising a lower part and an upper part.
  • the lower part of each construction unit has a lower horizontal wall which can optionally carry mobile or immobile overloads; this lower horizontal wall is itself carried by a lower frame composed of four parallel sections two by two.
  • the upper part of the construction unit has an upper horizontal wall, carried by an upper frame made up of four parallel profiles in pairs.
  • the lower and upper frames are interconnected by means of four uprights having a V-shaped section, so as to constitute a structure affecting the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose vertical edges are constituted by the edges of the uprights.
  • the construction units are transported to the site and juxtaposed and superimposed by putting them in place using a handling machine.
  • the process for producing buildings according to the invention is characterized by the following steps: -
  • the lower frame of each unit is produced by means of profiles, at least two of which, parallel to each other, have a mechanical resistance lower than that which would be necessary so that they can, during the suspension of the construction unit by its upper part, support alone, without damaging bending, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall and its possible overloads; - each building unit is provided, before lifting, with reinforcing means capable of preventing such bending; -
  • Each construction unit provided with reinforcement means is transported to the site; - the units are put in place thanks to the handling machine which grips them by their upper part, and this by juxtaposing and superimposing them; -
  • the lower frame of each construction unit is put together with the upper frame of another construction unit to which it is superimposed, and this by rigidly connecting each of the sections which make up the lower frame of the '' building unit that is put in place with the upper frame profile to which it is superimposed, so that a set of two connected profiles forms a composite beam having
  • the reinforcing profiles of the lower frame with insufficient strength are used, shrouds which are each fixed by one end to one of said profiles and by the other end at a point on the top of the building unit.
  • each guy is fixed by one end to a point of the upper frame.
  • each guy is fixed at one end to a point of an upright.
  • the reinforcing means are removed after the profiles of the lower frame of a construction unit are joined together, which are put in place with the profiles of the upper frame of another construction unit to which it is superimposed.
  • the lower frame of a construction unit is joined together, which is put in place with the upper frame of another construction unit to which the superimposed by directly connecting to each other each of the profiles that make up the lower frame of the construction unit that is put in place with the upper frame profile to which it is superimposed.
  • the lower frame of a construction unit is joined together, which is put in place with the upper frame of another construction unit to which superimpose it by connecting to each other, by means of spacers, each of the profiles which make up the lower frame of the construction unit which is put in place with the upper frame profile to which we superimpose it.
  • the invention also relates to prefabricated construction units for the production of buildings by assembling such superimposed and juxtaposed construction units.
  • Each construction unit is made up of a lower part and an upper part.
  • the lower part has a lower horizontal wall which can possibly carry mobile or immobile overloads; this lower horizontal wall is itself carried by a lower frame composed of four parallel sections two by two.
  • the upper part of the construction unit has an upper horizontal wall, carried by an upper frame made up of four parallel profiles in pairs.
  • the lower and upper frames are interconnected by means of four uprights having a V-shaped section, so as to constitute a structure affecting the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose vertical edges are formed by the edges of the uprights.
  • Each construction unit according to the invention is characterized in that at least two of the profiles, parallel to each other, which make up the lower frame, have a lower mechanical strength than would be necessary so that they can, during the suspension of the construction unit by its upper part, support alone, without damaging bending, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall and its possible overloads.
  • the profiles which form the lower and upper frames are such that, when two construction units are superimposed and that each of the profiles which make up the lower frame of the upper construction unit is rigidly connected with the corresponding profile of the upper frame of the lower construction unit, the composite beams thus formed have sufficient mechanical strength to support, without damaging bending, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall of the upper construction unit and its possible overloads.
  • the construction units of the invention can be assembled together as is and be equipped once the building has been completed.
  • construction units intended to be placed on the facade can already be fitted with facade panels.
  • each construction unit comprises, in addition, means for reinforcing the profiles of the lower frame which have a mechanical resistance lower than that which would be necessary so that they can, during the suspension of the construction unit by its upper part, support alone, without damaging bending, the weight death of the lower horizontal wall and its possible overloads.
  • These reinforcing means are capable of avoiding any damaging bending during the suspension of the construction unit by its upper part.
  • the reinforcing means consist of guy wires fixed by one of their ends to one of the sections with insufficient resistance and by the other of their ends to a point of the upper part of the construction unit.
  • These shrouds can consist of metallic dishes, cables or metallic bars, for example.
  • each guy is fixed by one of its ends to a point of the upper frame of a construction unit.
  • each guy is fixed by one of its ends to a point of the amount of a construction unit.
  • guy lines To temporarily strengthen the profiles of the lower frame which would otherwise have insufficient mechanical strength, it is preferred to use guy lines, given the simplicity of their use and their low cost.
  • These shrouds can also be left in place where partitions separate construction units from each other. In places where neighboring construction units must communicate with each other, these shrouds are very easy to remove and recover.
  • reinforcing means can however also be used, and in particular metal beams fixed laterally or above, against the profiles of the lower frame which must be temporarily reinforced during the transport and the installation of the construction units. As a general rule, however, such temporary reinforcing means are less advantageous than the shrouds.
  • the profiles that make up the lower frame and those that make up the upper frame are large metal dishes arranged along the side faces of the rectangular parallelepiped and are each provided with a lower rim and d 'an upper edge facing the interior of the construction unit.
  • the upper horizontal wall of a construction unit is connected to the lower edges of the profiles which make up the upper frame.
  • the present invention also relates to buildings whose structural work is formed, at least in part, by the assembly of construction units as described above, juxtaposed and / or superimposed.
  • the construction unit 1 shown in FIG. 1 conforms to European Patent No. 0,012,736 and is shown in perspective, viewed obliquely from below.
  • This construction unit 1 has essentially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and comprises a lower frame 2, an upper frame 3, four uprights 4, a lower horizontal wall 5 and an upper horizontal wall 6.
  • the various constituent parts of the construction unit 1 are made of steel.
  • the lower frame 2 is composed of two pairs of large plates 7 and 8 each provided with a lower rim 9 and an upper rim 10.
  • the upper frame 3 is composed of two pairs of large dishes 11 and 12 each provided with a lower rim 13 and an upper rim 14.
  • the wide dishes 7 and 8 belonging to the lower frame 2 are called “wide lower dishes", while the wide dishes 11 and 12 belonging to the upper frame 3 are called “large upper dishes”.
  • Each of the large lower and upper plates 7, 8, 11 and 12 is bolted, at each of its lateral ends, to a post 4.
  • the uprights 4 are angles provided with re-entrant flanges 15, which form a right angle with each wing of an upright 4, and are directed towards the interior of the construction unit 1.
  • a space called vertical technical space 16 is formed between two juxtaposed construction units 1. Such vertical spaces 16 can be wide or narrow as can be seen in FIG. 2. They may, if necessary, be non-existent.
  • a horizontal technical space 17 is provided between the upper horizontal wall 6 of a construction unit 1 and the lower horizontal wall 5 of another construction unit 1 superimposed on the first.
  • Fig. 3 is a detail view, on a large scale, with cutaway, of construction units 1, showing the assembly system of units 1 at the meeting point of four units 1, two units 1 a and 1 b being superimposed on two other units 1 c and 1 d .
  • the assembly system shown is a system where the vertical technical spaces 16 are reduced, the uprights 4 of two juxtaposed units 1 being joined directly to one another.
  • each element shown is designated by its reference number followed by the reference letter corresponding to the unit 1 to which it belongs.
  • the lower horizontal wall of the unit 1 b is called 5 b
  • the upper horizontal wall of the unit 1 d is called 6 d .
  • the upright 4 b projects beyond the lower edges 9 b of the wide lower dishes 7 b and 8 b
  • the upright 4 d projects beyond the upper edges 14 d of the large upper dishes 11 d and 12 d .
  • the amount 4 b is based on the amount 4 d . They are assembled to each other by bolting, by means of covers joints 18. The uprights 4 a and 4 c are assembled in the same way (which is not visible in Fig. 3).
  • the uprights 4 a and 4 b juxtaposed, are assembled together by bolting.
  • the uprights 4 c and 4 d are assembled in the same way.
  • each of the wide flats 7, 8, 11 and 12 is assembled to an upright 4 by bolting and that the inside edges 15 of the uprights 4 are interrupted so as to allow passage to the wide flats 7, 8, 11 and 12 at where it is expected that these will be bolted to a stud 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows a rib 20 b welded against the upper face of the lower horizontal wall 5 b .
  • the lower horizontal walls 5 of all the units 1 are provided with such ribs 20 near each opening 19.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic and partial sectional view showing two construction units 1 superimposed. This section represents in particular a large upper plate 11 of a construction unit 1 and a large lower plate 7 of another construction unit 1 superimposed on the first. It is perpendicular to these wide dishes 7 and 11.
  • the lower horizontal wall 5 b and the upper horizontal wall 6 d are respectively connected to the upper rim 10 b of the wide lower flat 7 b and to the upper rim 14 d of the wide flat 11 d , thus delimiting the horizontal technical space 17 b - d (that is to say, according to the convention which will be adopted in the remainder of the description, the horizontal technical space 17 formed between the construction units 1 b and 1 d ).
  • This horizontal technical space 17 b - d is high enough to contain an air conditioning sheath 22, and a water-closet pipe 23, which crosses the wide flat 7 b .
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view similar to that of FIG. 4, showing a part of a construction unit 1 f and a part of a construction unit 1 g on which the unit 1 f is superimposed.
  • the upper horizontal wall 6 g is connected to the lower edge 13 g of the large upper plate 11 g (and not to the upper edge 14 g thereof).
  • This arrangement means that the lower part of the 11 g profile is not visible from the interior of the 1 g construction unit.
  • the height of the horizontal technical space 17 f - g is also, consequently, much greater than that of the horizontal technical space 17 b - d shown in FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows a construction unit 25 according to the present invention, shown in perspective view, and viewed obliquely from below.
  • This construction unit 25 represented as it is finished in the workshop, has in substance the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and comprises a lower frame 26, an upper frame 27, four uprights 28 in the shape of a V, provided with re-entrant flanges 29, a lower horizontal wall 30 and an upper horizontal wall 31.
  • the lower frame 26 consists of two lower sections 32 and two lower sections 33, each provided with a lower edge 34 and an upper edge 35 (not visible in FIG. 6).
  • the upper frame 27 consists of two upper sections 36 and two upper sections 37, each provided with a lower edge 38 and an upper edge 39 (not visible in FIG. 6).
  • Plates 40 are each bolted on the one hand to one end of one of the uprights 28 and on the other hand to one end of one of the profiles 32, 33, 36 or 37.
  • the lower sections 32 and 33 have a height reduced to the point that the lower frame 26 cannot bear alone, during the lifting and transport operations, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall 30 which, in the embodiment shown in the Fig. 6, consists of three juxtaposed concrete slabs.
  • a pair of guy wires 41 is therefore stretched between a lower profile 32 and an upper profile 36, and this on the two widest faces of the construction unit 25.
  • Each guy 41 is provisionally fixed on the one hand near one end of an upper profile 36 near one of the plates 40, and on the other hand to the profile lower 32 corresponding, at a point located at one third of the length thereof. It will be noted that the shrouds 41 of the same pair are thus fixed to the corresponding lower profile 32, at points situated at one third and two thirds of the length thereof, near the junctions between the concrete slabs which form the wall. lower 30, which, from a static point of view, is the most advantageous.
  • construction unit 25 devoid of any equipment. It is nevertheless possible and desirable that construction units 25 of this type are already provided in the workshop with partitions and doors, for example.
  • They may also include technical equipment such as sanitary and other facilities.
  • the construction units 25 which are intended to be placed on the facade of the building can finally be provided with facade panels in the workshop.
  • Fig. 7 shows the finished structural work of a building produced by the juxtaposition and the superposition of construction units 25 according to the present invention.
  • the construction units 25 according to the present invention which are superimposed in the building of FIG. 7, are contiguous along horizontal joining surfaces 43. As will be seen in detail in FIGS. 9 to 12, these horizontal junction surfaces 43 mask horizontal technical spaces 44 of reduced height (not visible in FIG. 7, but which will be shown in detail in FIGS. 9 and 11).
  • pairs of shrouds 41 represented in FIG. 6 constitute means for temporarily reinforcing the lower frame 26 of the construction unit 25.
  • the shrouds 41 can be removed and possibly recovered to be fixed, in the workshop, to other construction units 25.
  • Fig. 8 shows a building of the type shown in FIG. 7, under construction.
  • construction units 25 are constructed in the workshop, they are fitted with shrouds 41, they are transported to the site, they are placed on the building and the construction units 25 superimposed in a manner which will be explained in detail with reference to Figs. 9 to 12.
  • the shrouds 41 which have become superfluous, can be removed from them.
  • Fig. 8 also shows a construction unit 25 suspended, by its upper frame 27, from cables 45 of a handling machine, not shown, for example a crane.
  • This construction unit 25 is of course always provided with its shrouds 41, essential in this position.
  • Fig. 9 is a detail view, with parts broken away, of construction units 25 assembled according to an embodiment of the method for producing buildings according to the invention, which shows the system for assembling the units 25 at the meeting point of four units 25, two units 25 a and 25 b being superimposed on two other units 25 c and 25 d .
  • each element shown is designated by its reference figure followed by the letter corresponding to the unit 25 to which it belongs.
  • the terms "lower” and “upper” must be understood in relation to the position, in a given construction unit, of the elements which they qualify and not in relation to their position in a given figure.
  • the lower horizontal wall 30 has been shown in accordance with the convention for the representation of concrete.
  • the lower horizontal wall 30 b has, meanwhile, been represented as if it were transparent.
  • each lower horizontal wall 30 On the periphery of each lower horizontal wall 30 are embedded Z profiles 46 resting, by their ends which project from the lower horizontal wall 30, on seals 47 in Neoprene® which themselves rest on the upper edges 35 of lower profiles 32 and 33.
  • the upper horizontal walls 31 consist of sheets which are connected to the lower edges 38 of the upper sections 36 and 37. Stiffeners 49 are placed against the upper face of the upper horizontal walls 31.
  • this composite beam 32 b + 36 d is such that it is able to support alone, without excessive deflection, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall 30 b and mobile and immobile overloads that can be installed on it.
  • the mechanical resistance of the composite beam 32 b + 36 d is such that the shrouds 41 such as those shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, can be removed, after fastening by bolting of the lower profile 32 b and the upper profile 36 d , without risk of causing any deformation in the frame of the building.
  • this horizontal technical space 44 b - d is smaller than that of the horizontal technical space 17 b - d shown in FIG. 4 and much smaller than the horizontal technical space 17 f - g shown in FIG. 5, even though the upper horizontal wall 31 d shown in FIGS. 9 and 11 is connected to the lower edges 38 d of the upper sections 36 d and 37 d of the construction unit 25 d according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 similar to FIG. 9, is a detailed view, with cutaway, of four construction units 25 a , 25 b , 25 c and 25 of assemblies according to another embodiment of the method of producing buildings according to the invention.
  • Spacers 51 are used to secure the lower profile 32 b and the upper profile 36 d together (likewise that the lower section 33 b and the upper section 37 d , and the lower section 32 a with the upper section 36 c ).
  • the lower profile 32 b is secured by bolts 50, by its lower edge 34 d , to the upper edges 53 of spacers 51, while the upper profile 36 d is secured by other bolts 50, by its upper edge 39 d , at the lower edges 52 of these spacers 51.
  • This arrangement of the spacers 51 gives the composite beams such as the composite beam 33 b + 51 + 37 d the appearance of Vierendeel beams.
  • each upright 28 ends, downwards, at the same level as the lower flanges 34 of the lower profiles 32 and 33. Likewise, each upright 28 ends, upwards, at the same level as the upper flanges 39 of the upper profiles 36 and 37.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic and partial sectional views corresponding respectively to FIGS. 9 and 10, in which construction units 25 b and 25 d are partially represented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
EP89870157A 1988-10-21 1989-10-20 Vorgefertigte Bauelemente zur Errichtung von Gebaüden und Bauverfahren zur Errichtung von Gebaüden mittels dieser Bauelemente Ceased EP0365512A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8813816 1988-10-21
FR8813816A FR2638181A1 (fr) 1988-10-21 1988-10-21 Unites de construction prefabriquees pour la realisation de batiments et procede de realisation de batiments au moyen de ces unites de construction

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EP0365512A1 true EP0365512A1 (de) 1990-04-25

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EP89870157A Ceased EP0365512A1 (de) 1988-10-21 1989-10-20 Vorgefertigte Bauelemente zur Errichtung von Gebaüden und Bauverfahren zur Errichtung von Gebaüden mittels dieser Bauelemente

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0440594A1 (de) * 1990-02-02 1991-08-07 Jacques Wybauw Gerippe für mehrstöckiges Gebäude und Gebäude mit solch einem Gerippe
EP2725156A1 (de) * 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Claude Maurette Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Modulkonstruktion, und so erhaltene Modulkonstruktion
US11885145B2 (en) 2021-05-20 2024-01-30 Sano Development Limited Hybrid building system, building and method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2920421A1 (de) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-06 Patent Concern Nv Raumkasten
EP0012736A1 (de) * 1978-12-11 1980-06-25 Jacques Wybauw Vorgefertigte Baueinheiten zur Herstellung von Gebäuden und Gebäude, deren Rohbau solche zusammengestellten Einheiten enthält

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2920421A1 (de) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-06 Patent Concern Nv Raumkasten
EP0012736A1 (de) * 1978-12-11 1980-06-25 Jacques Wybauw Vorgefertigte Baueinheiten zur Herstellung von Gebäuden und Gebäude, deren Rohbau solche zusammengestellten Einheiten enthält

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0440594A1 (de) * 1990-02-02 1991-08-07 Jacques Wybauw Gerippe für mehrstöckiges Gebäude und Gebäude mit solch einem Gerippe
EP2725156A1 (de) * 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Claude Maurette Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Modulkonstruktion, und so erhaltene Modulkonstruktion
FR2997426A1 (fr) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-02 Claude Maurette Procede de realisation d'une construction modulaire et construction modulaire realisee
US11885145B2 (en) 2021-05-20 2024-01-30 Sano Development Limited Hybrid building system, building and method

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FR2638181A1 (fr) 1990-04-27

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