EP1771498B1 - Mittels wasserabweisender gruppen funktionalisierte verzweigte polyaminosäuren und deren verwendung, insbesondere für therapeutische zwecke - Google Patents

Mittels wasserabweisender gruppen funktionalisierte verzweigte polyaminosäuren und deren verwendung, insbesondere für therapeutische zwecke Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1771498B1
EP1771498B1 EP05791929A EP05791929A EP1771498B1 EP 1771498 B1 EP1771498 B1 EP 1771498B1 EP 05791929 A EP05791929 A EP 05791929A EP 05791929 A EP05791929 A EP 05791929A EP 1771498 B1 EP1771498 B1 EP 1771498B1
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Prior art keywords
polyamino
acid
branched
polyamino acid
hydrophobic groups
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EP05791929A
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French (fr)
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EP1771498A1 (de
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Rémi SOULA
Gauthier Pouliquen
You-Ping Chan
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Flamel Technologies SA
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Flamel Technologies SA
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/88—Polyamides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/645—Polycationic or polyanionic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. polylysine, polyarginine, polyglutamic acid or peptide TAT
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
    • C08G69/10—Alpha-amino-carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/57—Compounds covalently linked to a(n inert) carrier molecule, e.g. conjugates, pro-fragrances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel materials based on biodegradable polyamino acids, useful in particular for the vectorization of active principle (s) (PA).
  • PA active principle
  • the invention also relates to novel pharmaceutical, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary compositions based on these polyamino acids.
  • These compositions may be of the type of those allowing the vectorization of AP and are preferably in the form of emulsions, micelles, particles, gels, implants or films.
  • the PAs considered are, advantageously, biologically active compounds that can be administered to an animal or human organism orally, parenterally, nasally, vaginally, ocularly, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, intracerebrally, orally, etc.
  • PAs more particularly, but not exclusively, concerned by the invention are proteins, glycoproteins, peptides, polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, oligo or polynucleotides, and organic molecules. But it can also be cosmetic products or phytosanitary products, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.
  • polymers of the polylactic, polylactic-glycolic, polyoxyethylene-oxypropylene, polyamino acid or polysaccharide type are raw materials for manufacturing, for example, mass implants, microparticles, nanoparticles, vesicles, micelles or gels.
  • these polymers must be suitable for the manufacture of such systems, they must also be biocompatible, non-toxic, non-immunogenic, economical and they must be easily removed from the body and / or be biodegradable. On this last aspect, it is moreover essential that the biodegradation in the organism generates non-toxic products.
  • an associative polymer Another equally important aspect in the development of an associative polymer is its solubility in water.
  • the possibility of solubilizing a high amount of polymer makes it possible to have a polymer / active ingredient ratio adapted to the desired release profile.
  • microcapsules of polylactide encapsulating the hormone LH-RH are produced by preparing a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion and comprise an aqueous inner layer containing the hormone, a substance (gelatin) fixing the latter, an oily layer of polylactide, and an aqueous outer layer. (polyvinyl alcohol).
  • the release of the AP can be done over a period of more than two weeks after subcutaneous injection.
  • the patent US 4,888,398 discloses polymers based on polyglutamate or polyaspartate, and optionally polyleucine, with pendent groups of alkyloxycarbonylmethyl type, randomly placed on the polyamino acid chain. These polyamino acids, grafted with side groups eg methoxycarbonylmethyl, can be used in the form of biodegradable implants containing a sustained release PA.
  • the patent US 5,904,936 discloses nanoparticles obtained from a polyleucine-polyglutamate block polymer, capable of forming stable colloidal suspensions and capable of associating spontaneously with biologically active proteins without denaturing them. These can then be released in vivo in a controlled manner over a long period.
  • amphiphilic block copolymers comprising a polyoxyethylene block and a polyamino acid block, for example poly (beta-benzyl-L-aspartate). These polyoxyethylene-polybenzylaspartate polymers form micelles which are capable of encapsulating hydrophobic active molecules such as adriamycin or indomethacin.
  • the patent application WO-A-99/61512 describes polylysines and polyornithines functionalized by a hydrophobic group (palmitic acid connected to polylysine or ornithine) and a hydrophilic group (polyoxyethylene).
  • These polymers for example polylysine grafted with polyoxyethylene and palmitoyl chains form, in the presence of cholesterol, vesicles capable of encapsulating doxorubicin or DNA.
  • These polymers based on polylysines are cationic in a physiological medium.
  • the patent US Pat No. 6,630,171 of the Applicant discloses block or random polymers poly (sodium glutamate) -poly (methyl, ethyl, hexadecyl or dodecyl glutamate), capable of forming stable colloidal suspensions and capable of associating spontaneously with biologically active proteins without denaturing them. These can then be released in vivo in a controlled manner over a long period. These linear amphiphilic copolyamino acids are modified by the presence of a hydrophobic alkyl side chain. These alkyl groups are grafted covalently on the polymer via an ester function. These polymers are anionic in a physiological medium.
  • Requirement WO-A-03/104303 discloses anionic polyamino acids functionalized with alpha-tocopherol.
  • Requirement WO-A-04/013206 discloses anionic polyamino acids having hydrophobic groups and characterized in that these groups are connected to the polymer via a ball joint containing two amide functions, and more specifically via a lysine or ornithine type spacer.
  • one of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide new branched, amphiphilic and anionic polyamino acids at physiological animal pH (for example of the order of 7.4), which represent an improvement over those described in patents or patent applications US Pat No. 6,630,171 , WO-A-03/104303 , WO-A-04/013206 and the demand PCT / FR03 / 03458 unpublished especially in terms of formulation of an active ingredient such as a therapeutic protein.
  • the present invention which firstly concerns a polyamino acid comprising aspartic units and / or glutamic units, some of which carry one or more hydrophobic groups (GH), which are identical. or different from each other, characterized in that it comprises at least one type of polyamino acid main chain Cp comprising aspartic units and / or glutamic units and having one or more polyamino acid branches B, identical to or different from each other, comprising aspartic units and / or units glutamic.
  • GH hydrophobic groups
  • the polyamino acid in question may be a homopolymer (poly [Glu] or poly [Asp]) or a copolymer (poly [Glu] -poly [Asp]).
  • the Applicant has had the merit of combining, quite judiciously and advantageously, particular polyamino acids (preferably homopolyamino acids) branched, biodegradable (e.g. polyAsp or polyGlu), with hydrophobic groups GH.
  • polyamino acids preferably homopolyamino acids
  • biodegradable e.g. polyAsp or polyGlu
  • polymers have surprising properties of fluidity, association and / or encapsulation with one or more active ingredients, in comparison with similar products. Moreover, they are easily degraded, in the presence of enzymes, into non-toxic catabolites / metabolites (amino acids).
  • association or “associate” used to describe the relationship between one or more active ingredients and homopolyamino acids, mean in particular that the active ingredient (s) are linked homopolyamino acid (s) in particular by a weak bond, for example by ionic bonding and / or by hydrophobic contact, and / or are encapsulated by the homopolyamino acid (s).
  • At least one of the hydrophobic groups GH is included in a hydrophobic graft comprising at least one spacer (or "spacer") balloon (or pattern) for connecting the hydrophobic group GH to a polyamino acid chain (for example a main chain -squelette-polyamino acid).
  • This patella may comprise, e.g., at least one direct covalent bond and / or at least one amide bond and / or at least one ester bond.
  • the patella may be of the type belonging to the group comprising: the "amino acid” units different from the constituent monomeric unit of the polyamino acid, the aminoalcohol derivatives, the derivatives of the diamines, the diol derivatives and the derivatives of the hydroxy acids.
  • the grafting of the GH on the polyamino acid chain may proceed through the use of precursors of GH, able to bind to the polyamino acid chain.
  • the precursors of GH are, in practice and without being limited to, selected from the group comprising alcohols and amines, these compounds being easily functionalized by those skilled in the art.
  • the grafting of GH is explained in more detail below in the description of the process for obtaining the polyamino acids according to the invention.
  • the hydrophobic group GH of the hydrophobic graft comprises from 8 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • At least one hydrophobic graft preferably the hydrophobic groups GH of said graft, has at least one anionic charge and / or one or more ionizable functions identical to or different from each other and capable of giving rise to at least one anionic charge each.
  • the anionic or anionizable nature of all or part of the hydrophobic grafts is given by the GH or GHs. From which it follows that all or part of the hydrophobic groups GH of the hydrophobic grafts each have at least one anionic charge and / or at least one ionizable function capable of giving rise to at least one anionic charge.
  • the ionizable function of GH capable of giving rise to at least one anionic charge is chosen from the group of functions comprising: the carboxylic / carboxylate function, the sulphonic / sulphonate function, the sulfuric / sulfate function and the phosphoric / phosphate function .
  • the hydrophobic groups GH can be, for example, derived from groups selected from the group comprising: octanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, oleyl alcohol , tocopherol, cholesterol or lithocholic acid.
  • the (homo) polyamino acids according to the present invention are homooligomers or homopolymers comprising alpha-L-glutamate and / or alpha-L-glutamic units or alpha-L-aspartate units and / or or alpha-L-aspartic.
  • the main chain Cp and the B branches of the polyamino acids are homopolymers of alpha-L-glutamate or alpha-L-glutamic acid.
  • the main chain Cp and the B branches of the polyamino acids are homopolymers of alpha-L-aspartate or alpha-L-aspartic acid.
  • the main chain Cp and the branches B of the polyamino acids are copolymers of alpha-L-aspartate / alpha-L-glutamate or alpha-L-aspartic / alpha-L- glutamic.
  • the distribution of the aspartic and / or glutamic units of the main polyamino acid chain is such that the polymers thus formed are either random, block-type or multi-block type.
  • the molar grafting rate in hydrophobic pattern of the polyamino acids according to the invention is between 2 and 100%, and preferably between 5 and 50%.
  • the polyamino acids according to the invention have a molar mass which is between 2,000 and 800,000 g / mol, and preferably between 5,000 and 300,000 g / mol.
  • the polyamino acids according to the invention may carry at least one graft of the polyethylene glycol type bonded to a glutamate and / or aspartate unit.
  • hydrophobic branched polyamino acids according to the invention may comprise different types of main chains (or backbones), which are distinguished from each other by the number of "amino acid” units and / or by the nature of said units. It is the same with regard to branches B which may be identical or different from each other by the number and / or the nature of the "amino acid” units that compose them.
  • polyamino acids are also extremely interesting because, depending on the length of the homopolymer (degree of polymerization) and the nature of the hydrophobic groups, they are dispersed in water at pH 7.4 (for example with a phosphate buffer) to give colloidal solutions or suspensions or structured or unstructured gels, depending on the concentration of homopolymers.
  • the polyamino acids in the form of particles or not
  • the preferred shaping is that described in the patent US Pat No. 6,630,171 of the Applicant and which consists of dispersing the homopolymer in water and incubating the solution in the presence of an active ingredient (PA).
  • PA active ingredient
  • the homopolymer can then form microparticles capable of associating or encapsulating PAs.
  • the shaping of the microparticles can be done by co-solubilizing the PA and the homopolymer in a suitable organic solvent and the mixture precipitated in water.
  • the particles are then recovered by filtration and can then be used for oral administration (in capsule form, in compacted form and / or coated or even in dispersed form in an oil) or parenterally after redispersion in water.
  • the homopolymer may be solubilized in a biocompatible solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or an appropriate oil such as Mygliol® and then injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously or into a tumor.
  • a biocompatible solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or an appropriate oil such as Mygliol®
  • the diffusion of the solvent or of the oil leads to the precipitation of the homopolymer at the injection site and thus forms a deposit.
  • These deposits then provide controlled release by diffusion and / or erosion and / or hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation of the homopolymer.
  • the polymers of the invention in neutral or ionized form, are more generally usable alone or in a liquid, solid or gel composition and in a medium aqueous or organic.
  • the polymer based on polyamino acids contain carboxyl groups which are either neutral (COOH form) or ionized (COO anion -), depending on pH and composition. For this reason, the solubility in an aqueous phase is directly a function of the free COOH level of the polymer (not grafted by the hydrophobic unit) and the pH.
  • the counter-cation may be a metal cation such as sodium, calcium or magnesium, or an organic cation such as triethanolamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane or a polyamine such as polyethyleneimine.
  • the polymers of the invention are for example obtained by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • N-carboxy-amino acid anhydrides NCA
  • polysuccinimide polysuccinimide
  • basic hydrolysis cf. Tomida et al. Polymer 1997, 38, 4733-36
  • the synthesis of a polymer of type (II) can be done analogously by first synthesizing the branched polymer without a hydrophobic graft with a GH group and the grafting reaction of the hydrophobic grafts with GH groups is carried out last (step 2). . That of the type (III) polymer can be done by first grafting the hydrophobic grafts with GH groups on the branches and branch grafting is done in the last step.
  • the degree of polymerization is defined by the molar ratio of the initiator to the monomer.
  • the coupling of the hydrophobic graft to GH with an acid function of the polymer is easily achieved by reaction of the polyamino acid in the presence of a carbodiimide as coupling agent and optionally a catalyst such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine and in a suitable solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
  • a carbodiimide is, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary composition
  • a pharmaceutical, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary composition comprising at least one polyamino acid as defined above and optionally at least one active ingredient, which may be therapeutic, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary.
  • the active ingredient is a protein, a glycoprotein, a protein linked to one or more polyalkylene glycol chains (preferably polyethylene glycol (PEG): "protein-PEGylated”), a polysaccharide, a liposaccharide, an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide or a peptide.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the active principle is a "small” hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic organic molecule.
  • a "small” molecule is especially a small nonprotein molecule.
  • the composition of the invention is in the form of a gel, a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, micelles, nanoparticles, microparticles, an implant, a d a powder or a film.
  • the composition whether loaded or not with active ingredient (s), is a stable colloidal suspension of nanoparticles and / or microparticles and / or polyamino acid micelles, in an aqueous phase.
  • the composition of the invention is in the form of a solution in a biocompatible solvent and can be injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly or into a tumor.
  • composition according to the invention since it is pharmaceutical, can be administered orally, parenterally, nasally, vaginally, ocularly, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, intracerebrally or buccally.
  • the composition may optionally contain an excipient for adjusting the pH and / or the osmolarity and / or to improve the stability (antioxidants) and / or as anti-microbial agent.
  • excipients are well known to those skilled in the art (see the book: Injectable Drug Development, PK Gupta et al. Interpharm Press, Denver, Colorado 1999 ).
  • composition according to the invention is formulated so that it is capable of forming a deposit on the injection site.
  • the invention also relates to a method of therapeutic treatment consisting essentially of administering the composition as described herein, orally, parenterally, nasally, vaginally, ocularly, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, intracerebrally or oral.
  • this method of therapeutic treatment essentially consists of putting the composition as described above in the form of a solution in a biocompatible solvent and then injecting it subcutaneously, intramuscularly or into a tumor, preferably so that it forms a deposit on the injection site.
  • Step 1 Polymerization of the branches and coupling on pGluT
  • Solution 1 In a three-necked 50 ml flask under nitrogen flow, 3.4 g of NCA GluOBn are dissolved in 9 ml of NMP at 25 ° C. 89 mg of leucinamide are added to the reaction medium. The polymerization is stopped at 80% conversion of the NCA by cooling the reaction medium to 0 ° C.
  • Solution 2 In parallel, 3.5 g of a poly (glutamic acid) of degree of polymerization (DP) 120 and grafted to 7 mol% statistically molar with synthetic alpha-tocopherol (obtained according to the procedure described in WO-A-03/104303 ), are solubilized by heating at 80 ° C in 44 ml of DMF in a three-necked flask of 100 ml. To this solution cooled to -15 ° C., 128 ml of isobutyl chloroformate and then 109 ml of N-methyl morpholine are added. The reaction medium is stirred for 15 minutes, allowing the temperature to rise to 0 ° C.
  • the reaction medium is again cooled to -15 ° C. before adding solution 1.
  • the polymer is precipitated in acidified water (pH ⁇ 2. 315 ml), filtered and washed with acidic water (2 * 157 ml) and iso ether (2 * 157 ml) and then dried at room temperature. oven under vacuum at 40 ° C. 5.8 g of the intermediate branched polymer are obtained, ie 100% yield.
  • the degree of branch polymerization determined by 1 H NMR in TFA-d is 17.
  • the product is finally dried in a vacuum oven at 40 ° C. 3.9 g of the polymer (1) in its polyacidic form are obtained (ie 82% yield).
  • the polymer suspended in demineralised water, is neutralized by addition of a 1N NaOH solution. Neutralization is complete when all the polymer has solubilized and the pH is around 7.4.
  • the percentage of tocopherol determined by 1 H NMR in TFA-d is 4.6%.
  • Mn (determined by GPC NMP) is 59.8 kg / mol in PMMA equivalents.
  • Step 1 Polymerization of the branches and coupling on the Glu T p
  • Solution 1 In a 5 ml three-necked flask under nitrogen flow, 5.9 g of NCA GluOBn are dissolved in 14 ml of NMP at 25 ° C. 243 mg of the ethyl dithester of glutamic acid solubilized in 1 ml of NMP are added to the reaction medium. The polymerization is stopped at 80% conversion of the NCA by cooling the reaction medium to 0 ° C.
  • Solution 2 In parallel, 3.0 g of a poly (glutamic acid) with a polymerization degree of 120 and grafted to 7 mol% statistically molar with synthetic alpha-tocopherol (obtained according to the procedure described in FIG. WO-A-03/104303 ), are solubilized by heating at 80 ° C in 44 ml of DMF in a three-necked flask of 100 ml. To this cooled solution at -15 ° C. are added 219 ml of isobutyl chloroformate and then 186 ml of N-methyl morpholine. The reaction medium is stirred for 15 minutes, allowing the temperature to rise to 0 ° C.
  • the reaction medium is again cooled to -15 ° C. before adding solution 1.
  • the polymer is precipitated in acidified water (pH ⁇ 2. 315 ml), sintered and washed with acidic water (2 * 157 ml) and iso ether (2 * 157 ml) and dried. in a vacuum oven at 40 ° C. 6.5 g of the intermediate polymer.
  • the degree of branch polymerization determined by 1 H NMR in TFA-d is 19.
  • the polymer suspended in demineralized water, is neutralized by addition of a 1N NaOH solution (so that the pH never exceeds the value of 8). Neutralization is complete when all the polymer has solubilized and the pH is around 7.4.
  • the percentage of tocopherol determined by 1 H NMR in TFA- d is 3.5%.
  • Mn (determined by GPC NMP) is 42.4 kg / mol in PMMA equivalents.
  • Step 1 Polymerization of the branches, coupling on the pGluOH and hydrolysis of the esters of the branches
  • Solution 1 In a 250 ml three-neck flask under a stream of nitrogen, 20.0 g of GluOMe NCA are dissolved in 86 ml of NMP at 40 ° C. 345 mg of leucinamide dissolved in 4 ml of NMP are added to the reaction medium. . The polymerization is stopped at 80% conversion of the NCA by cooling the reaction medium to 0 ° C.
  • Solution 2 In parallel, 3.3 g of a poly (glutamic acid) of DP 120 are solubilized by heating at 80 ° C. in 52 ml of DMF in a 500 ml three-neck flask. To this solution, cooled to 0 ° C., are added 502 ml of isobutyl chloroformate and then 426 ml of N-methyl morpholine. The reaction medium is stirred at 0 ° C. during the polymerization of solution 1. Before adding solution 1, 71 ml of N-methyl morpholine are added. The temperature rises to ambient temperature and the medium is stirred for 4.5 hours at this temperature. The temperature of the medium is then raised to 80 ° C.
  • the reaction medium is blocked with 35% HCl (4.0 ml) and the polymer then precipitated in a two-phase acidic water medium (400 ml, 60 g of NaCl and pH ⁇ 2) diisopropyl ether (80 ml).
  • the product is washed three times with a two-phase mixture of acidic water / diisopropyl ether (3 * 300/80 ml) and then twice with diisopropyl ether (2 * 300 ml).
  • the product is finally dried in a vacuum oven at 40 ° C. 5.1 g of the polymer (5) are obtained (ie 87% yield).
  • the polymer suspended in demineralised water, is neutralized by addition of a 1N NaOH solution. The neutralization is complete when all the polymer has solubilized and the pH is around 7.4. The percentage of tocopherol determined by 1 H NMR in TFA- d is 4.5%. The Mn (determined by GPC NMP at 70 ° C.) is 248.6 kg / mol in PMMA equivalents.

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Claims (18)

  1. Polyaminosäure, die Asparaginsäureeinheiten und/oder Glutaminsäureeinheiten umfaßt, von denen manche eine oder mehrere hydrophobe Gruppen (GH), die gleich oder verschieden voneinander sind, tragen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens eine Art von Polyaminosäure-Hauptkette Cp umfaßt, die Asparaginsäureeinheiten und/oder Glutaminsäureeinheiten umfaßt und eine oder mehrere Polyaminosäure-Verzweigungen B, die gleich oder voneinander verschieden sind, und die Asparaginsäureeinheiten und/oder Glutaminsäureeinheiten umfassen, aufweist.
  2. Polyaminosäure nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophoben Gruppen
    → (I) an nur an die Hauptkette Cp,
    → (II) an die Hauptkette Cp und an die Verzweigung(en) B,
    → (III) oder nur an die Verzweigung(en) B gebunden sind.
  3. Polyaminosäure nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophobe GH-Gruppen 8 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfaßen.
  4. Polyaminosäure nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophoben GH-Gruppen aus der Gruppe, umfassend:
    • lineare oder verzweigte C8- bis C30-Alkyle, die gegebenenfalls mindestens eine Unsättigung und/oder mindestens ein Heteroatom umfassen können,
    • C8- bis C30-Alkylaryle oder -Arylalkyle, die gegebenenfalls mindestens eine Unsättigung und/oder mindestens ein Heteroatom umfassen können,
    • sowie C8- bis C30-(Poly)zyklen, die gegebenenfalls mindestens eine Unsättigung und/oder mindestens ein Heteroatom umfassen können,
    ausgewählt sind.
  5. Polyaminosäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die hydrophobe GH-Gruppen von einem aus der Gruppe, umfassend: Octanol, Dodecanol, Tetradecanol, Hexadecanol, Octadecanol, Oleylalkohol, Tocopherol, Cholesterol oder Lithocholinsäure, ausgewählten Gruppen abstammen.
  6. Polyaminosäure nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie alpha-L-Glutamat- und/oder alpha-L-Glutaminsäure- oder alpha-L-Aspartat- und/oder alpha-L-Asparaginsäureeinheiten umfaßt.
  7. Polyaminosäure nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einer der folgenden allgemeinen Formeln (I), (II), (III) entspricht:
    Figure imgb0010
    Figure imgb0011
     wobei:
    ■ A unabhängig für ein -CH2- oder -CH2-CH2-steht;
    ■ R1 für ein H, eine lineare C2- bis C10-Acylgruppe oder eine verzweigte C3- bis C10-Acylgruppe oder ein Pyroglutamat steht;
    ■ E, E' unabhängig für :
    - ein OR3, wobei R3 wie unten definiert ist,
    - eine NHR2-Gruppe, in der R2 für ein H, ein lineares C2- bis C10-Alkyl oder ein verzweigtes C3- bis C10-Alkyl oder ein Benzyl steht,
    - eine über den Stickstoff gebundene terminale Aminosäureeinheit stehen;
    ■ R3 ein H oder eine kationische Einheit ist, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, umfassend:
    - metallische Kationen, ausgewählt aus der Untergruppe, umfassend: Natrium, Kalium, Calcium, Magnesium;
    - organische Kationen, ausgewählt aus der Untergruppe, umfassend:
    • Kationen auf der Basis von Amin,
    • Kationen auf der Basis von Oligoamin,
    • Kationen auf der Basis von Polyamin,
    • Kationen auf der Basis von Aminosäure(en), ausgewählt aus der Klasse, umfassend Kationen auf der Basis von Lysin oder Arginin,
    - oder kationische Polyaminosäuren, ausgewählt aus der Untergruppe, umfassend Polylysin oder Oligolysin;
    ■ C für eine direkte Bindung oder eine Bindungsgruppe, ausgewählt aus der Reihe Aminosäurerest oder Hydroxyalkohol, umfassend 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatome, steht;
    ■ die Gruppe D-GH jeweils unabhängig voneinander einen Rest bedeuten, in dem:
    - D eine Bindungsgruppe -O-, -NH-, C1- bis C5-N-Alkyl, ein Aminosäurerest, ein Diol, ein Diamin, ein Aminoalkohol oder eine Hydroxysäure, umfassend 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatome, ist, und
    - GH für eine hydrophobe Gruppe, umfassend 8 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatome, steht;
    • lineare oder verzweigte C8- bis C30-Alkyle, die mindestens eine Unsättigung und/oder mindestens ein Heteroatom umfassend können, oder
    • C8- bis C30-Alkylaryle oder -Arylalkyle mindestens eine Unsättigung und/oder, die mindestens ein Heteroatom umfassen können, oder
    • C8- bis C30-(Poly)zyklen, die mindestens eine Unsättigung und/oder mindestens ein Heteroatom umfassen können,
    ■ (n+q)/(q+p+o+n+m) als molare Propfrate der hydrophoben GH-Gruppen definiert ist und von 0,5 bis 90 Mol-% variiert;
    ■ q+p+o+n+m von 20 bis 5000 variiert;
    ■ o+n+m von 10 bis 500 variiert;
    ■ o/(o+n+m) als molare Propfrate der Verzweigungen definiert ist und zwischen 1 und 50 Mol-% variiert;
    ■ die Hauptkette Cp dieser Polyaminosäuren (I) (II) (III) aus den Wiederholungseinheiten -[ ]o-[ ]n- [ ]m- oder -[ ]o- [ ]m- und ihre Verzweigungen B aus den Wiederholungseinheiten - [ ]p- oder -[ ]p-[ ]q- bestehen;
    ■ und die hydrophoben GH-Gruppen und die Verzweigungen B zufallsmäßig angeordnet sind.
  8. Polyaminosäure nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ihre Molmasse zwischen 2.000 und 800.000 g/mol liegt.
  9. Pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung, kosmetische Zusammensetzung, diätetische Zusammensetzung oder Pflanzenschutzzusammensetzung, die mindestens eine Polyaminosäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 umfaßt.
  10. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens einen Wirkstoff umfaßt.
  11. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wirkstoff mit der Polyaminosäure bzw. den Polyaminosäuren durch eine oder mehrere Bindungen verbunden ist, bei der bzw. denen es sich nicht um eine kovalente chemische Bindung bzw. nicht um kovalente chemische Bindungen handelt.
  12. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem Wirkstoff um ein Protein, ein Glykoprotein, ein an eine oder mehrere Polyalkylenglykolketten gebundenes Protein, ein Polysaccharid, ein Liposaccharid, ein Oligonukleotid, ein Polynukleotid oder eine Peptid handelt.
  13. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie auf oralem, parenteralem, nasalem, vaginalem, okularem, subkutanem, intravenösem, intramuskulärem, intradermalem, intraperitonealem, intrazerebralem oder bukkalem Weg verabreicht werden kann.
  14. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie in Form eines Gels, einer Lösung, einer Emulsion, von Mizellen, von Nanopartikeln, von Mikropartikeln, eines Pulvers oder eines Films vorliegt.
  15. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich um eine kolloidale Suspension von Nanopartikeln und/oder Mikropartikeln und/oder von Mizellen von Polyaminosäuren in einer wäßrigen Phase handelt.
  16. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie in Form einer Lösung in einem biologisch kompatiblen Lösungsmittel vorliegt und daß sie auf subkutanem Weg, auf intramuskulärem Weg oder in einen Tumor injiziert werden kann.
  17. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie sich zur Bildung einer Ablagerung an der Injektionsstelle eignet.
  18. Verfahren zur Herstellung:
    • von Medikamenten für die orale, nasale, vaginale, okulare, subkutane, intravenöse, intramuskuläre, intradermale, intraperitoneale oder intrazerebrale Verabreichung, wobei es sich bei den Wirkstoffen dieser Medikamente um Proteine, Glykoproteine, an eine oder mehrere Polyalkylenglykolketten gebundene Proteine, Peptide, Polysaccharide, Liposaccharide, Oligonukleotide, Polynukleotide und organische Nichtproteinmoleküle, die hydrophob, hydrophil oder amphiphil sein können, handeln kann;
    • und/oder von Nährmitteln;
    • und/oder von kosmetischen Produkten oder Pflanzenschutzprodukten;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es im wesentlichen daraus besteht, daß man mindestens eine Polyaminosäure nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 und/oder die Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 17 einsetzt.
EP05791929A 2004-07-30 2005-07-19 Mittels wasserabweisender gruppen funktionalisierte verzweigte polyaminosäuren und deren verwendung, insbesondere für therapeutische zwecke Not-in-force EP1771498B1 (de)

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FR0408477A FR2873703B1 (fr) 2004-07-30 2004-07-30 Polyaminoacides branches, fonctionnalises par des groupements hydrophobes et leurs applications notamment therapeutiques
PCT/FR2005/050594 WO2006021706A1 (fr) 2004-07-30 2005-07-19 Polyaminoacides branches, fonctionnalises par des groupements hydrophobes et leurs applications notamment therapeutiques

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FR2873704B1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-12-08 Flamel Technologies Sa Polyaminoacides fonctionnalises par des greffons hydrophobes portant une charge anionique et leurs applications notamment therapeutiques
WO2007144140A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2007-12-21 Cell Therapeutics Inc. - Sede Secondaria A process for the preparation of poly-alfa-glutamic acid and derivatives thereof
JP5258189B2 (ja) * 2006-11-09 2013-08-07 学校法人 関西大学 柔軟性生分解性ポリマー
FR2915748B1 (fr) * 2007-05-03 2012-10-19 Flamel Tech Sa Acides polyglutamiques fonctionnalises par des groupes cationiques et des groupements hydrophobes et leurs applications, notamment therapeutiques
TWI448485B (zh) * 2010-08-03 2014-08-11 Univ Nat Taiwan Normal 半互穿網絡型水膠聚合物、其製造方法及包含其之水泥組成物

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FR2873703A1 (fr) 2006-02-03
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US8206744B2 (en) 2012-06-26
JP2008508388A (ja) 2008-03-21
WO2006021706A1 (fr) 2006-03-02
CA2573791A1 (fr) 2006-03-02
ES2336688T3 (es) 2010-04-15
JP4871867B2 (ja) 2012-02-08
EP1771498A1 (de) 2007-04-11
ATE449125T1 (de) 2009-12-15
US20090305948A1 (en) 2009-12-10

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