EP1768937B1 - Produits de type gateau humide, a teneur elevee en solides et a tres faibles residus, et procedes de fabrication de ces produits - Google Patents
Produits de type gateau humide, a teneur elevee en solides et a tres faibles residus, et procedes de fabrication de ces produits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1768937B1 EP1768937B1 EP05706130A EP05706130A EP1768937B1 EP 1768937 B1 EP1768937 B1 EP 1768937B1 EP 05706130 A EP05706130 A EP 05706130A EP 05706130 A EP05706130 A EP 05706130A EP 1768937 B1 EP1768937 B1 EP 1768937B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- kaolin
- wet cake
- less
- ppm
- slurry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010435 syenite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940058020 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkanolamines Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005906 dihydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010423 industrial mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CDVLCTOFEIEUDH-UHFFFAOYSA-K tetrasodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CDVLCTOFEIEUDH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B33/30—Drying methods
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel mineral compositions, such as kaolins, having low residue, methods for making such compositions, and their uses, such as the manufacture of top size-sensitive applications, such as ceramic honeycomb automotive substrates, polymers, and rubbers.
- novel mineral compositions such as kaolins, having low residue
- methods for making such compositions and their uses, such as the manufacture of top size-sensitive applications, such as ceramic honeycomb automotive substrates, polymers, and rubbers.
- top size-sensitive applications such as ceramic honeycomb automotive substrates, polymers, and rubbers.
- Kaolin is a white industrial mineral, which has found use in a wide range of applications. Large deposits of kaolin clay exist in Devon and Cornwall, England, Brazil, China, Australia and in the states of Georgia and South Carolina, United States of America.
- Particulate kaolins occur naturally in the hydrous form and exist as crystalline structures containing hydroxyl functionality. Particulate kaolins may be converted to a calcined form by thermal processes. Such processes cause the particulate kaolin to dehydroxylate. During calcination, the hydrous kaolin converts from a crystalline to an amorphous form. Further, during calcination, aggregation typically occurs.
- Hydrous kaolins that can be used in the present invention can be obtained naturally from various locations, such as from the Rio Capim area of Brazil and Georgia of the United States
- the properties of both hydrous and calcined kaolin are dependent on attributes, such as particle size (expressed in terms of particle size distribution, or PSD), shape, and texture of the individual particles and of agglomerates thereof.
- particle size expressed in terms of particle size distribution, or PSD
- shape expressed in terms of shape, and texture of the individual particles and of agglomerates thereof.
- Calcined kaolin refers to a kaolin that has been converted from the corresponding (naturally occurring) hydrous kaolin to the dehydroxylated form by thermal methods. Calcination changes, among other properties, the kaolin structure from crystalline to amorphous. Calcination is effected by heat-treating coarse or fine hydrous kaolin in known manner, e.g., at temperatures ranging from 500°C to 1200°C, such as temperatures ranging from 800°C to 1200°C.
- the degree to which hydrous kaolin undergoes changes in crystalline form can depend upon the amount of heat to which the hydrous kaolin is subjected. Initially, dehydroxylation of the hydrous kaolin can occur upon exposure to heat. At temperatures below a maximum of about 850 - 900°C, the product is often considered to be virtually dehydroxylated, with the resultant amorphous structure commonly referred to as a metakaolin. Frequently, calcination at this temperature is referred to "partial calcination,” and the product may also be referred to as “partially calcined kaolin.” Further heating to temperatures above about 900 - 950°C can result in further structural changes, such as densification. Calcination at these higher temperatures is commonly referred to as “full calcination,” and the product is commonly referred to as 'fully calcined kaolin'.
- Calcined (or “calcination”), as used in herein, may encompass any degree of calcination, including partial (meta) and/or full and/or flash calcination.
- Calcined kaolin products typically include a small percentage of oversize particles that can have undesirable effects when used in ceramics and can cause blockage of the die in extrusion processes. These oversize particles will generally be retained on a 44 ⁇ m (325 mesh) screen and are commonly referred to as 44 ⁇ m (+325 mesh) residue (or just “residue” herein).
- the current method for producing a lower residue product is to process the dry standard material through screens to yield the desired residue results.
- kaolins for "cleaner” lower residue product for use, for example, in thin-walled catalyst production.
- kaolin wet cake comprising flocculated kaolin, said wet cake having a solids content of at least 50% and a +44 ⁇ m (+325 mesh) residue content of less than or equal to about 50 ppm, such as 20 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2 ppm, and 1 ppm; wherein the kaolin has been wet screened and dewatered, and has a moisture content of greater than or equal to 10%, such as greater than 15%, or 20% subsequent to wet-screening.
- the feed and slurry may comprise kaolin chosen from hydrous and calcined kaolin. "Chosen from” or “selected from” as used herein refers to selection of individual components or the combination of two (or more) components.
- the feed and slurry can comprise hydrous kaolin only, calcined kaolin only, or a mixture of hydrous and calcined kaolins,
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for producing a ceramic body, comprising: screening a fluid kaolin slurry; flocculating the fluid kaolin slurry; dewatering the flocked kaolin slurry to obtain a kaolin wet cake having a solid content of at least 50% and having a +44 ⁇ m (+325 mesh) residue content of not more than about 50 ppm; and forming the kaolin wet cake into a ceramic body, wherein the kaolin is not dried to a moisture content of less than 10%, less than 15%, or even less than 20%, at any time between screening and forming.
- the kaolin wet cake has a residue content of less than or equal to about 20 ppm, such as 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2 ppm, and 1 ppm.
- the fluid kaolin slurry comprises percent solids ranging from about 25% to about 75% solids, such as about 60%, as measured by a CEM AVC-80 microwave solids tester and standard lab operating procedure.
- the CEM microwave solids tester is a combination microwave oven and four-place analytical balance controlled by an integrated computer.
- Manufacturer supplied glass fiber pads are the vehicles used to introduce and contain the samples to be tested. Two glass fiber pads are placed on the balance tripod inside the microwave chamber, and the balance is zeroed using the "tare" function key. The pads are then removed and about two grams (total) of sample are placed directly on the pads using transfer pipettes. The pads (containing the sample) are then placed back on the tripod inside the microwave chamber and the machine is started using the "test" function key. The instrument then starts a drying cycle and internally calculates the percent solids of the sample using the weight differential. The results (percent solids) are shown on the display screen.
- the particle size distribution of a kaolin slurry may be determined by measuring the sedimentation speeds of the dispersed particles of the articulate product under test through a standard dilute aqueous suspension using a SEDIGRAPHTM, e.g., SEDIGRAPH 5100, obtained from Micromeritics Corporation, USA.
- the size of a given particle can be expressed in terms of the diameter of a sphere of equivalent diameter (esd), which sediments through the suspension.
- the SEDIGRAPH graphically records the percentage by weight of particles having an esd less than a particular esd value, versus that esd value.
- Mean particle diameter is defined as the diameter of a circle that has the same area as the largest face of the particle.
- the mean particle size, d 50 value, and other particle size properties referred to in the present application are measured in a well known manner by sedimentation of the particulate material in a fully dispersed condition in an aqueous medium using a SEDIGRAPH 5100.
- the mean particle size d 50 is the value determined in this way of the particle esd at which there are 50% by weight of the particles, which have an esd less than that d 50 value.
- Another aspect provides a fluid kaolin slurry having a particle size distribution of:
- the slurry undergoes a screening process prior to flocculation.
- the screening process comprises passing the slurry through a 44 ⁇ m (325 mesh) screen or finer screen.
- the screening process comprises passing the slurry through a 37 ⁇ m (400 mesh) screen or finer screen, such as a 25 ⁇ m (600 mesh) screen or finer.
- the kaolin slurry to be screened can be prepared by blunging crude or processed kaolin clay with water to form an aqueous suspension.
- the slurry further comprises at least one dispersant.
- the at least one dispersant can be present in an amount effective to fluidize the slurry, for example in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the slurry, such as an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight.
- a dispersing agent is added to the slurry before flocculation, resulting in a pH that is greater than or equal to about 6.5, such as a pH ranging from 8 to 10.
- the composition can further comprise at least one water-soluble pH modifier.
- suitable pH-modifiers include sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide.
- Dispersants may also be chosen from art recognized organic polymeric dispersants that are traditionally used in kaolin-containing compositions. Appropriate dispersants will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan.
- dispersants may be chosen from polyelectrolytes such as polyacrylates and copolymers comprising polyacrylate species, for example polyacrylate salts (such as sodium, ammonium and potassium salts), sodium hexametaphosphates, polyphosphoric acid, condensed sodium phosphate, alkanolamines, and other reagents commonly used for this function.
- Suitable dispersants include 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium or potassium salts of weak acids, such as condensed naphthalene sulfonic acid and polymeric carboxylic acid, and water-soluble organic polymeric salts, such as sodium or ammonium polyacrylate, and polymethacrylates such as sodium or ammonium polymethacrylate.
- weak acids such as condensed naphthalene sulfonic acid and polymeric carboxylic acid
- water-soluble organic polymeric salts such as sodium or ammonium polyacrylate, and polymethacrylates such as sodium or ammonium polymethacrylate.
- the kaolin wet cake, formed as disclosed herein has a K 2 O content of less than about 2,500 ppm, such as less than about 2000 ppm, less than about 1500 ppm or even less than about 650 ppm.
- the fluid kaolin slurry is flocculated, typically by lowering the pH of the fluid kaolin slurry to less than or equal to about 5, such as less than or equal to about 4.5.
- This downward pH adjustment can be accomplished by simply adding an appropriate amount of an acid, such as for example sulfuric acid, alum or other suitable acid.
- the flocced kaolin slurry may be dewatered in one of the ways well known in the art, e.g. filtration such as via rotary filter or filter press, centrifugation, evaporation and the like, provided that the slurry has a moisture content of greater than or equal to 10%, such as 15% and 20%, at all points between the flocculating and forming processes. Dewatering can also be accomplished with a filter press. Whatever the process, it is understood that wherein the kaolin is not dried to a moisture content of less than 10%, less than 15%, or even less than 20%, at any time between screening and forming.
- Still further disclosed herein is the use of the kaolin wet cake described above in the formation of cast ceramic ware products.
- the ceramic composition can comprise a kaolin blend.
- the kaolin can be blended with other minerals known in the art such as, talc, halloysite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, gypsum, feldspar, nepheline syenite, silica and the like.
- additional components such as biocides, may be added to the fluid kaolin slurry.
- Extrusion is a forming method that is commonly used in the production of complex ceramic objects such as the intricate honeycomb ceramics used as substrate supports in automotive catalytic converters.
- extrusion may be carried out in a number of different ways, such as, for example, the methods disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,885,977 to Lachman , U.S. Patent No. 5,332,703 to Hickman et al ., or U.S. Patent No. 5,997,984 to Koike et al .
- Slip casting is typically used in production of products having complex shapes and where plastic forming or semi-dry pressing are not possible. Thus, slip casting is applicable to the production of, for example, hollow tableware, figures and ornamental ware, and sanitary ware. For whiteware production, 'jiggering' can also be used to produce ware. Slip casting involves the use of a mold of appropriate shape into which a fluid suspension of a body can be poured and wherein the mold progressively extracts some of the water until a solid layer is formed.
- drain casting Two primary methods are typically employed for slip casting: drain casting and solid casting.
- drain casting a mold is filled with slip and casting takes place on one surface only. After a suitable time, during which the desired cast thickness is built up, the excess slip is poured off. The mold and cast are then partially dried, to allow mold release, after which the cast can be trimmed, cut or sponged.
- solid casting which is typically used for products having varying wall thicknesses, the mold is filled with slip and casting takes place on both surfaces. The removal of water generally means that the slip has to be topped up during the casting. For complex shapes, the mold can be constructed in several sections.
- the method described herein may include a screening process that comprises passing the slurry through a 44 ⁇ m (325 mesh) screen.
- the +44 ⁇ m (+325 mesh) residue may be measured using standard lab operating procedures. This procedure includes using 100g (dry basis) material in approximately 3,500 ml filtered water to which 60 mls of trisodium polyphosphate (5% strength) have been added.
- the kaolin sample is then added and mixed vigorously for 20 minutes using a standard lab mixer with good agitation.
- the material is then poured over a clean 44 ⁇ m (325 mesh) screen, the container is rinsed and this remnant added also.
- the remaining residue is then washed out into an aluminum pan (weight recorded), and placed under a lamp until completely dry.
- a simple calculation yields % +325 mesh residue ((sample + pan) - empty pan weight).
- the method described herein may be applicable to the treatment of other minerals for producing low residue products.
- Non-limiting examples of such minerals include calcined alumina, tale, aluminum tri-hydrate (ATH), calcium carbonate, dolomite, and silica.
- percent solids, particle size and % +44 ⁇ m % (+325 mesh) residue were determined on a feed slip.
- the slip was then screened over a 44 ⁇ m (325 mesh) wire vibrating screen, and the solids, particle size, and % +44 ⁇ m % (+325 mesh) residue were again measured.
- the sample was then flocced with acid to pH 3.0, and pressed using the Shriver Envirotech filterpress and standard lab operating procedures to yield a cake product with solids around 71%. In some instances, residue measurements were made on the resulting wet cake.
- Percent solids were measured using the CEM AVC-80 microwave solids tester and standard lab operating procedure as described above.
- Particle size was determined using the Sedigraph 5100 and standard lab operating procedures, as described above.
- the Yield (Efficiency) was measured by a simple calculation of - 325 mesh product weight divided by the total feed weight (X100).
- Example 1 Processed Coarse Samples (Samples 1 and 2)
- Example 2 shows a processed coarse sample having a median particle size of approximately 8 microns (Sample 1), screened through a 44 ⁇ m (325 mesh) (Sample 2), and the results obtained thereon. This sample was also dried at three various temperatures and the residues only were reevaluated.
- Example 2 Hydrous Kaolin (Samples 3 and 4)
- Example 3 Calcined Kaolin (Samples 5, 6, and 7 )
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Claims (37)
- Procédé pour produire un corps en céramique, comprenant :(a) tamiser une boue fluide de kaolin ;(b) floculer la boue fluide de kaolin pour former une boue floculée de kaolin ;(c) déshydrater la boue floculée de kaolin pour obtenir un gâteau humide de kaolin avec une teneur en solides d'au moins environ 50% et avec une teneur en résidu +44µm (+325 mesh) inférieure ou égale à 50 ppm ; et(d) façonner ledit gâteau humide de kaolin en un corps en céramique ;dans lequel ledit kaolin n'est séché à une humidité inférieure à 10% à aucun moment entre les étapes de tamiser et de façonner.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la boue fluide de kaolin a une teneur en solides entre environ 25% et environ 75%.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la boue fluide de kaolin a une teneur en solides d'au moins 60%.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la boue fluide de kaolin est tamisée avec un tamis de 44µm (325 mesh) ou un tamis plus fin.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la boue fluide de kaolin est tamisée avec un tamis de 37µm (400 mesh) ou un tamis plus fin.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la boue fluide de kaolin est tamisée avec un tamis de 25µm (600 mesh) ou un tamis plus fin.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en plus disperser la boue fluide de kaolin à l'aide d'un dispersant avant de floculer, où l'étape de disperser se déroule à un pH supérieur à environ 6,5.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin a une teneur en K2O inférieure à environ 1500 ppm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin a une teneur en K2O inférieure à environ 650 ppm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin a une teneur en K2O inférieure à environ 20 ppm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin a une teneur en K2O inférieure à environ 10 ppm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin a une teneur en K2O inférieure à environ 5 ppm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin a une teneur en K2O inférieure à environ 2 ppm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin a une teneur en K2O inférieure à environ 1 ppm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'étape de floculer comprend réduire le pH de la boue fluide de kaolin à une valeur inférieure ou égale à 5.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin est façonné en un corps en céramique par une méthode choisie parmi formage, extrusion, pressage et moulage.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le kaolin comprend du kaolin hydraté.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le kaolin comprend du kaolin calciné.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le gâteau humide de kaolin comprend un mélange de kaolin hydraté et calciné.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite boue fluide de kaolin comprend en plus au moins un composant minéral choisi parmi talc, halloysite, carbonate de calcium, gypse, feldspath, silice et syénite néphélinique.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit kaolin n'est séché à une humidité inférieure à 15% à aucun moment entre les étapes de tamiser et de façonner.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit kaolin n'est séché à une humidité inférieure à 20% à aucun moment entre les étapes de tamiser et de façonner.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en plus l'étape d'ajouter un biocide à ladite boue fluide de kaolin.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin comprenant du kaolin floculé, ledit gâteau humide ayant une teneur en solides d'au moins 50% et une teneur en résidu +44µm (+325 mesh) inférieure ou égale à 50 ppm ; dans lequel ledit kaolin était tamisé en état humide et déshydraté, et maintenu à une humidité supérieure ou égale à 10% après le tamisage en état humide.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 comprenant en plus au moins un composant minéral choisi parmi talc, halloysite, carbonate de calcium, gypse, feldspath, silice et syénite néphélinique.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel le kaolin comprend du kaolin hydraté.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel le kaolin comprend du kaolin calciné.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel la boue fluide de kaolin comprend un mélange de kaolin hydraté et calciné.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel la teneur en résidu est inférieure ou égale à 20 ppm.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel la teneur en résidu est inférieure ou égale à 10 ppm.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel la teneur en résidu est inférieure ou égale à 5 ppm.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel la teneur en résidu est inférieure ou égale à 2 ppm.
- Gâteau humide de kaolin selon la revendication 24 dans lequel la teneur en résidu est inférieure ou égale à 1 ppm.
- Usage du gâteau humide de kaolin selon l'une des revendications 24 à 33 dans la production d'un gâteau de filtre en céramique.
- Usage du gâteau humide de kaolin selon l'une des revendications 24 à 33 dans la production d'un produit cru.
- Usage du gâteau humide de kaolin selon l'une des revendications 24 à 33 dans la production d'un produit de coulage céramique.
- Usage du gâteau humide de kaolin selon l'une des revendications 24 à 33 dans la production d'un corps en céramique extrudé.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US57831504P | 2004-06-10 | 2004-06-10 | |
PCT/US2005/002686 WO2006001841A1 (fr) | 2004-06-10 | 2005-02-01 | Produits de type gateau humide, a teneur elevee en solides et a tres faibles residus, et procedes de fabrication de ces produits |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1768937A1 EP1768937A1 (fr) | 2007-04-04 |
EP1768937B1 true EP1768937B1 (fr) | 2008-11-19 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP05706130A Active EP1768937B1 (fr) | 2004-06-10 | 2005-02-01 | Produits de type gateau humide, a teneur elevee en solides et a tres faibles residus, et procedes de fabrication de ces produits |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US7534736B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1768937B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2008502577A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100471815C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE414679T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602005011143D1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006001841A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8388750B2 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2013-03-05 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Granulated kaolin compositions and processes for their production |
KR101228165B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-13 | 2013-01-30 | 노키아 코포레이션 | 프레임 에러 은폐 방법, 장치 및 컴퓨터 판독가능한 저장 매체 |
US20120070273A1 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-22 | Deluca Jr Robert A | Energy producing wind turbine for laboratory exhaust systems |
US20120227629A1 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Basf Corporation | Beneficial Thermo-Chemical Treatment of Kaolin with Ammonium Polyphosphate |
CA3016636A1 (fr) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | Basf Corporation | Pigment a base de kaolin ayant subi un traitement thermique a blancheur d'au moins 92 pour papier et revetements |
CN110678432B (zh) * | 2017-05-05 | 2022-06-07 | 活性矿物国际有限公司 | 完全或部分替代陶瓷中球粘土的组合物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN108408733B (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2020-05-12 | 浙江大学 | 一种人工制备滨海地区絮凝状黏土的方法 |
JP7466348B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-25 | 2024-04-12 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | 異方性導電ペーストおよび電子基板の製造方法 |
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US3586523A (en) * | 1968-01-15 | 1971-06-22 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Calcined kaolin clay pigment |
US3661515A (en) * | 1970-05-18 | 1972-05-09 | Huber Corp J M | Method of brightening kaolin clay by removing organic contaminants |
US3736165A (en) * | 1971-07-21 | 1973-05-29 | Minerals & Chemicals Corp | Method for processing kaolin clay |
US4246039A (en) * | 1979-01-08 | 1981-01-20 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Kaolin clay processing |
US4687546B1 (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1996-06-04 | Anglo American Clays Corp | Method of concentrating slurried kaolin |
US4886930A (en) * | 1988-05-23 | 1989-12-12 | Uop | Zeolitic para-xylene separation with tetralin heavy desorbent |
US4997550A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-03-05 | Ecc America Inc. | Method for improved flotation of discoloring impurities from kaolinite |
US5120465A (en) * | 1990-02-22 | 1992-06-09 | Dry Branch Kaolin Company | Detergent or cleansing composition and additive for imparting thixotropic properties thereto |
US5223463A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-06-29 | Ecc International Inc. | Process for producing a kaolin clay product |
US5328506A (en) * | 1992-10-01 | 1994-07-12 | Engelhard Corporation | Pigment products in an agglomerated form and use thereof in bulk shipments |
US5516364A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-05-14 | Ecc International Inc. | Method for producing low abrasion kaolin pigment |
US5593490A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-14 | Thiele Kaolin Company | Kaolin clay slurries having reduced viscosities and process for the manufacture thereof |
US6171373B1 (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 2001-01-09 | Applied Ceramics, Inc. | Adsorptive monolith including activated carbon, method for making said monolith, and method for adsorbing chemical agents from fluid streams |
US5997874A (en) | 1996-06-12 | 1999-12-07 | Nomura Co., Ltd. | Dihydrophenanthrene |
JP3789579B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-19 | 2006-06-28 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | コーディエライトハニカム構造体およびその製造方法 |
US5792251A (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-08-11 | North American Refractories Co. | Method of producing metakaolin |
US5846309A (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-12-08 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Coarse particle size kaolin clay and method |
US5840795A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-24 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Treated clay product, methods of making and using and products therefrom |
US5922207A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-07-13 | Engelhard Corporation | Filter aid for clay processing |
DE19728361A1 (de) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-07 | Schuler Pressen Gmbh & Co | Mehrstationenpresse zum Umformen von Blechteilen |
AU3893199A (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 1999-11-29 | Ecc International Inc. | Preparation and use of high brightness kaolin pigments |
US6238473B1 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2001-05-29 | Thiele Kaolin Company | Kaolin clay agglomerates and process for the manufacture thereof |
GB9904363D0 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 1999-04-21 | Ecc Int Ltd | Treating kaolinitic clays |
AU784210B2 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2006-02-23 | Imerys Kaolin, Inc. | Calcined kaolin pigments having improved combination of physical and applied properties, their production and use |
US6585822B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2003-07-01 | Engelhard Corporation | Kaolin clay glossing pigment and preparation thereof |
US6610136B2 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2003-08-26 | Thiele Kaolin Company | Pigments for ink jet paper |
US7122080B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-10-17 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Integrated process for simultaneous beneficiation, leaching, and dewatering of kaolin clay suspension |
US7148169B2 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2006-12-12 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Mullite-rich calcined kaolin compositions and methods for improved casting rates in cast ceramic bodies |
-
2005
- 2005-02-01 AT AT05706130T patent/ATE414679T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-01 CN CNB2005800192015A patent/CN100471815C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-01 EP EP05706130A patent/EP1768937B1/fr active Active
- 2005-02-01 DE DE602005011143T patent/DE602005011143D1/de active Active
- 2005-02-01 JP JP2007527192A patent/JP2008502577A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-01 WO PCT/US2005/002686 patent/WO2006001841A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-05-25 US US11/136,587 patent/US7534736B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060009348A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
WO2006001841A1 (fr) | 2006-01-05 |
CN100471815C (zh) | 2009-03-25 |
CN1980870A (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
US7534736B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
EP1768937A1 (fr) | 2007-04-04 |
JP2008502577A (ja) | 2008-01-31 |
ATE414679T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
DE602005011143D1 (de) | 2009-01-02 |
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