Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
  • C03C17/30—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with silicon-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
  • C03C17/23—Oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
  • C03C25/104—Coating to obtain optical fibres
  • C03C25/106—Single coatings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
  • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
  • C03C25/40—Organo-silicon compounds
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
  • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
  • Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]
  • Y10T428/1321—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
  • Y10T428/31616—Next to polyester [e.g., alkyd]
  • Y10T428/3162—Cross-linked polyester [e.g., glycerol maleate-styrene, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a treatment composition of a glass-ceramic including plate, a glass, in particular a flat glass or a hollow glass (bottles, flasks, etc.), or a glass in the form of fibers, for improving the mechanical strength of said glass by healing surface defects thereof. It also relates to the corresponding treatment processes, as well as to the glasses thus treated.
• an aqueous-based composition containing organopolysiloxanes prepared from an alkoxysilane having a functional group such as amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, epoxy, etc. and alkoxysilanes selected from trialkoxysilanes, dialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes; and
• a silicon-free component selected from waxes, partial esters of fatty acids and / or fatty acids, and which may contain a surfactant.
• the temperature of the glass surface during the application of the treatment agent amounts to at least 30 ° C., being in particular from 30 ° to 150 ° C.
• this coating agent as a second layer is described, the first layer being obtained from a treatment agent containing a trialkoxysilane and / or a dialkoxysilane and / or a tetraalkoxysilane or their hydrolysis and / or condensation products.
• US Pat. No. 6,403,175 B1 discloses a cold treatment agent for hollow glass containers to reinforce them on the surface.
• This water-based agent contains at least the following components: a trialkoxysilane, a dialkoxysilane and / or a tetraalkoxysilane, their hydrolysis products and / or their condensation products; a water-soluble mixture of a polyol and a crosslinking agent of the polyol, the layer of cold treatment agent thus applied being subsequently subjected to crosslinking over a temperature range between 100 and 350 ° C.
• the present invention therefore firstly relates to a composition for treating the surface of a glass-ceramic, in particular a plate, or a glass, in particular a flat glass or a hollow glass, or to a glass in the form of fibers, said composition being capable of being applied in a thin layer to said glass-ceramic or said glass, characterized in that it comprises, in an aqueous medium, the following constituents (A) and (B):
• R representing an alkyl radical
• the compounds comprising at least one RO- function attached to a silicon atom that can be in a hydrolysed form resulting from spontaneous prehydrolysis or hydrolysis occurring on contact of the compound (s) with the aqueous medium.
• the alkyl radical for R is in particular a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical.
• the functions f ( A ) and f ( B ) can in particular be chosen from the functions -NH 2 , -NH-, epoxy, vinyl, (meth) acrylate, isocyanate, alcohol.
• thermal pathway includes the polymerization at room temperature which may be possible in some cases.
• Bisphenol derivatives (A) (compounds having no SiOR or SiOH function);
• - A is a hydrocarbon radical which has at least one group selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, epoxy, acryloxy, methacryloxy, vinyl, aryl, cyano, isocyanato, ureido, thiocyanato, mercapto, sulfane or silicon-bonded halogen groups directly or via an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical;
• R 1 represents an alkyl group, in particular C 1 -C 3, or A as defined above;
• the functions f ( A ) of the constituent (A) are -NH 2 and / or -NH- functions, and the ffo functions of the constituent (B) are epoxy functions, the ratio of the number of functions -N-
• H component (A) to the number of epoxy functions is between 0.3: 1 and
• composition according to the invention which comprises 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as component (A) and glycidoxypropylmethyl-diethoxysilane as component (B), the latter being advantageously introduced in the prehydrolysed state.
• the constituents (A) and (B), at least one of which has at least one -SiOR function undergo a hydrolysis of the function or functions -SiOR in -SiOH, in a period of time more or less long after contact with water.
• an acid such as hydrochloric acid or acetic acid must be added to catalyze the hydrolysis.
• the composition is intended to be applied to the glass-ceramic or the glass to be treated and to form a thin layer by polymerization or polycondensation by reaction of the functions f ( A ) of the constituent (A) on the functions f ( B ) of the constituent (B).
• the polycondensation product reacts with the glass-ceramic or glass via the SiOH and SiOR radicals, thus making it possible to cure the surface defects of the latter: glazes, cracks, shocks, etc.
• the film thus formed is intended to improve the mechanical strength of glass-ceramic or glass.
• the composition according to the invention may furthermore comprise:
• (Cl) at least one polymerization or polycondensation catalyst of the constituents (A) and (B); and / or (C2) at least one UV or thermal radical polymerization initiator, or UV cationic agent, depending on the method of forming the hard coating used.
• the constituent (Cl) is or comprises a tertiary amine, such as triethanolamine and diethanolamine propanediol.
• a tertiary amine such as triethanolamine and diethanolamine propanediol.
• R 5 to R 7 each independently represent an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group.
• the presence of at least one catalyst makes it possible to reduce the duration and temperature of polymerization, avoiding, in the case of coating vials or the like, the use of an additional polymerization arch and making it possible to work at the temperature of the bottles. leaving the annealing arch (at 150 0 C for example), as will be described below.
• Radical polymerization initiators are for example mixtures comprising benzophenone, as lirgacure ® 500 marketed by the company "CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS.”
• composition of the invention may furthermore comprise:
• At least one anti-scratch and rubbing agent selected from waxes, partial esters of fatty acids and fatty acids, and polyurethanes and other polymers known for their protective function such as acrylic polymers; and or
• waxes mention may be made of polyethylene waxes, whether or not they are oxidized.
• the waxes, partial esters of fatty acids and fatty acids may be introduced into the composition in the state associated with a surfactant.
• the protective agents (D) are thermoplastic and have elastic slip properties. Their inclusion in the formed thin film contributes to the protection against scratches and wear and handling frictions.
• the emulsion polymers (E) are in particular chosen from emulsion acrylic copolymers, such as those of the "Hycar®” series marketed by the company "NOVEON".
• surfactants (F) mention may be made of polyoxyethylene fatty ethers, such as CISH 35 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 100H, known under the name "Brij®97” as well as copolymers poly (ethylene oxide) -poly (propylene oxide) -poly (ethylene oxide) triblocks.
• Brij®97 polyoxyethylene fatty ethers
• copolymers poly (ethylene oxide) -poly (propylene oxide) -poly (ethylene oxide) triblocks.
• the surfactants used in the examples below are also mentioned.
• composition according to the invention can thus comprise, in an aqueous medium, for a total of 100 parts by weight: up to 25 parts by weight of component (A); up to 25 parts by weight of component (B);
• component (Cl) 0 to 25 parts by weight of component (Cl) as defined above;
• component (C2) 0 to 25 parts by weight of the component (C2) as defined above; 0 to 25 parts by weight of component (D) as defined above;
• component (E) 0 to 25 parts by weight of component (E) as defined above;
• component (F) 0 to 25 parts by weight of component (F) as defined above, the aforementioned amounts being indicated as solids, and, when an agent is introduced in the form of an aqueous solution or emulsion, the amount of water of this solution or emulsion then forming part of the aqueous medium of the composition.
• the subject of the present invention is also a process for treating the glass-ceramic surface or glass to improve its mechanical resistance by healing surface defects, characterized in that a thin film is applied to the glass-ceramic parts or glass to be treated.
• of the composition as defined in one of claims 1 to 15 in a thickness of up to 3 microns, and that a polymerization or polycondensation of said composition is conducted.
• the composition according to the invention may be prepared for its application by mixing its constituents, generally at the time of use, in various ways:
• composition according to the invention contains the constituents (A) + (B) + water
• it can be prepared by first mixing (A) + (B), then combining this mixture with the water at the time of mixing. 'employment.
• catalysts and / or additives are present, they can be mixed with water, before mixing with (A) + (B) at the time of use. It is also possible, in the case where one of the constituents (A) or (B) has been hydrolyzed, to incorporate the additives into the unhydrolyzed component.
• composition is advantageously carried out by spraying or dipping ("dip coating").
• spraying or dipping In order to form the thin, hard layer, it is possible to conduct a drying, for example for a few seconds, then a passage under UV lamps, the UV treatment having a duration for example of a few seconds to 30 seconds.
• the thermal polymerization or polycondensation can be carried out at a temperature of, for example, 100 to 200 ° C. for 5 to 20 minutes.
• the temperature and the duration of the treatment depend on the system used.
• a hollow glass it is possible to proceed by depositing the composition by spraying on the hollow glass after the annealing arch, the temperature of the hollow glass during the spraying being 10-150 ° C., and
• composition when the composition does not contain a catalyst, by passing the hollow glass in a polymerization arch at a temperature of 100 to 220 ° C. for a lapse of time of a few seconds to 10 minutes;
• the present invention also relates to a glass-ceramic, a flat glass or hollow glass treated with a composition as defined above, according to the process as defined above, as well as on glass fibers, in particular optical fibers (for example examples useful for dental lamps) treated with a composition as defined above, according to the process as defined above.
• the present invention also relates to the use of a composition as defined above, for improving the mechanical strength of glass-ceramic or glass by healing defects of its surface.
• a composition as defined above for improving the mechanical strength of glass-ceramic or glass by healing defects of its surface.
• the following examples illustrate the present invention without, however, limiting its scope. In these examples, parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
• the "SR610” is a polyethylene glycol diacrylate 600 marketed by the company "CRAY VALLEY”; the mixture “CRAY VALLEY” is a mixture constituted by 67% of "SR610” as defined above and 33% of an aliphatic oligomer diacrylate marketed under the name "CN 132" by the company CRAY VALLEY. Since "CN 132" is poorly miscible in water, a predissolution of it in the "SR610” is necessary; wax “GK6006” is a polyethylene wax with 25% solids, marketed by the company “MORELLS”; the “OG25” wax is a polyethylene wax containing 25% solids, sold by the company "TRUB EMULSION CHEMIE AG”;
• Irgacure ® 500 is the trade name of a radical polymerization initiator sold by the company "CIBA”, consisting of 50% benzophenone and 50% 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone.
• EXAMPLE 1a Flat glasses with a coating layer formed by drying and UV curing.
• a glass coating composition was prepared by hydrolyzing the silane of the formulation in water for 24 hours and then adding the other components of the formulation.
• composition thus obtained was deposited on a batch of flat glasses (70 ⁇ 70 ⁇ 3.8 mm) on which defects had been created by Vickers indentation with a diamond pyramidal tip and an applied force of 5ON.
• the deposit was made by immersion ("dip-coating") at a controlled speed of 500 mm / min to ensure a uniform thickness. This deposit was made 24 hours after the induction so that the crack propagation was stabilized and the constraints around the defect created were relaxed.
• the glasses were then dried for 10 minutes at 100 ° C., and then the coated layer was subjected to UV polymerization for 25 seconds, the characteristics of the UV emitter being the following: distance from the surface of the substrate relative to at the lamp: 5 cm; - iron-doped mercury lamp (UVH Strahler type F); power: 150 W / cm.
• Tripod bending was broken into glasses thus coated, extending the created defect. This test was carried out without UV aging and climatic coatings formed.
• a batch of 10 flat glasses was not coated and served as a control.
• the tripod breaking results express the modulus of rupture (MOR) (MPa) and serve as an assessment of the performance of the composition reinforcement.
• the reinforcement results for the coating represent the difference of the modulus of rupture in the bending test between the flat control glasses and the treated flat glasses.
• the formulation of this example shows a very strong reinforcing effect of weakened glasses, this reinforcement being in fact 107.8% compared to uncoated indented flat glasses.
• the graph in Figure 1 expresses the percentage of cumulative failure as a function of the modulus of rupture in MPa.
• the curve representing the 10 coated flat glass samples is shifted to the higher breaking moduli with respect to the curve of the ten uncoated flat glass samples.
• the coating formed from the composition of this example therefore gives greater mechanical strength to the glass.
• Copolymer surfactant marketed under the name "Gantrez”
• Example 1a For each of the formulations of Examples Ib and Ic, the procedure was as in Example 1a, except that the crosslinking times are of the order of 20 seconds. The results are expressed by the graph of Figure 2 of the accompanying drawing. Each treatment must be compared to its respective witness. Both formulations appear to have reinforcements of the order of 100%.
• a glass coating composition was prepared by the following procedure:
• the two silanes were premixed for 5 minutes, then the water was added and the silanes were hydrolyzed with vigorous stirring for 30 minutes. Then we added the wax.
• Example 1 (b) The procedure was as in Example 1 (b), except that instead of drying followed by UV polymerization, a heat treatment was carried out for 25 minutes at 240 ° C.
• Example 2 The same test as in Example 1 (c) was carried out on the glasses thus coated. The results obtained are presented in Table 2 below as well as in FIG. 3.
• a first can containing raminopropyltriethoxysilane and glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane were prepared and mixed for 5 to 7 minutes (Example 3a) or 10 minutes (Examples 3b, 3c, 3d) and on the other hand a second can containing the polyethylene wax, the polyurethane and the water, and then the contents of the two cans were mixed 30 minutes before application.
• Example 1 (c) The same test as in Example 1 (c) was carried out on the glasses thus coated from the composition of Example 3b.
• the curve representing the ten coated flat glass samples is shifted to the highest breakup modules relative to the curve of the ten uncoated flat glass samples.
• the reinforcement provided by the coating based on the composition of Example 3b is not modified after the aging tests WOM and CV.
• a composition is prepared as in Example 3a, except that pre-hydrolysis of the two silanes (Example 4a) or glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane (Example 4b) is carried out with all the water for 15 minutes.
• a composition was prepared as in Example 3a, except that 0.15 parts of triethanolamine (Example 5a) was added to the second can.
• Example 3c A composition as in Example 3c was also prepared except that 0.075 part of triethanolamine and 0.075 part of diethanolamine propanediol (Example 5b) were added to the second can.
• the FTIR spectrograms of the formulation of Example 3a with simultaneous hydrolysis at 23 ° C of the two silanes are identical with or without pre ⁇ hydrolysis of glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane after 23 minutes of mixing.
• the viscosity of the formulation of Examples 3 and 4 with or without pre-hydrolysis of glycidoxypropylmethyl-diethoxysilane is dependent on the temperature at which the mixture is subjected (20 ° C. or 40 ° C.). She changes all the more quickly as the temperature is high.
• the viscosity of the formulation is also dependent on the nature of the polyethylene wax used (OG25 or GK6006). In the presence of GK6006 (Example 3d), the mixture appears stable over time while an increase in viscosity is observed when the formulation contains IOG25.
• a tertiary amine triethylamine makes it possible to shorten the polymerization time by half (10 minutes against 20 minutes) and to reduce the polymerization temperature by 50 ° C. (150 ° C. against 200 ° C.) while preserving a level of about 90% reinforcement.
• the optimization of the formulation towards a less energy consuming formulation is favorable to a more economical use of the polymerization arch installed in line after the cold end.
• the defects on the edges are less severe than the defects created with an indentation of 50 N.
• the cutting and the shaping of the glass create smaller defects on the edges.
• the size (indentation at 50 N or 5 N) and the nature of the defect (indentation or shaping) lead to different reinforcement values for the coating of Example 3a.
• Table 7 below is a summary table of the results obtained.
• the glass coating compositions were prepared by the following procedure.
• the epoxysilane was hydrolyzed for 10 minutes in water, then the aminosilane was added and hydrolyzed for 20 minutes before adding GK 6006 wax.
• the test was conducted on a bottle production line using a 16 section IS machine, 32 molds, 300 Burgundy and 410 g.
• bottles are taken out of the arch before the cold treatment, then treated by cold spraying under the following conditions: bottles upside down on spinners, two nozzles for treating respectively the bottom and the barrel of the bottles: the spray nozzle specific for the barrel was 16 cm from the bottle; its spray axis was 11 cm from the bottom of the same bottle.
• the nozzle for the bottom was located 16 cm from the bottle; it sprayed the bole up to 3 cm from the bottom.
• the rotational speed of the spinner was 120 rpm. ; the spraying times were chosen to make complete turns.
• the atomizing air pressure was 5.5 bar. The parameters were set to obtain a sliding angle of approximately 8 ° with the formulation of Example 11a:
• each series consists of 320 bottles (10 bottles per mold). The entire surface of the bottles is treated, as well as the bottom. The thickness of the coating is 150 to 300 nm.
• Bottles treated with the formulation of Example 10a have a sliding angle of 8 °; those treated with the formulation of Example 10b have a sliding angle of 20 °.
• the resistance of the bottles is evaluated by the internal pressure test (AGR device). The break histograms are shown in Figures 8 and 9 and the average breaking pressures in Table 8 below.
• the epoxysilane is solubilized for 5 minutes in water. Then the amino silane is added and mixed for 15 minutes. Finally, the copolymer emulsion is added and mixed for 3 minutes.
• the coating compositions thus prepared are deposited on ION-indented glass samples by soaking these glasses in said compositions at 50 cm. min -1 , followed by air drying of the samples for 10 min, followed by heat treatment at 200 0 C for 20 min.
• Example (c) was used as in the example, the results obtained being presented in Table 9 below as well as in Figure 10.
• Example 10a A composition varying from that of Example 10a is sprayed onto a Kerablack type glass-ceramic plate, a mark registered by Eurokéra, only with a wax content of GK 6006 of 2% instead of 1.5%.
• the tested plates are said to be smooth-smooth, their two faces being smooth (as opposed to the plates reinforced mechanically by formation of pins, reliefs on one or two sides, by calendering between rolls with reliefs complementary). Their dimensions are 300 mm x 300 mm x 3 mm thick.
• vitroceramic plates meet the standard household appliances NF EN-60-335-2-6.
• the plates are kept horizontal so as to leave a central free zone of 240 mm ⁇ 240 mm, the reinforcing layer according to the invention oriented, where appropriate on the lower face.
• the plates are subjected to three series of impacts from above, located on twelve impact zones according to standard NF EN 60-068-2-75 (Norwegian hammer). The energy of the impact instrument is 0.7 J.
• the breakage rates are:
• vitroceramic plates treated according to the invention is subjected to aging on a radiant focus of 145 mm of useful diameter, positioned under the plates, at their center.
• the coatings of the invention, always on the underside, are heated in cycles at 450-600 ° C. for 30 minutes and allowed to cool for 30 minutes.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)

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