EP1746190B1 - Procédé pour tisser un tissu et un tissu tissé selon ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour tisser un tissu et un tissu tissé selon ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1746190B1
EP1746190B1 EP20060112213 EP06112213A EP1746190B1 EP 1746190 B1 EP1746190 B1 EP 1746190B1 EP 20060112213 EP20060112213 EP 20060112213 EP 06112213 A EP06112213 A EP 06112213A EP 1746190 B1 EP1746190 B1 EP 1746190B1
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Prior art keywords
weft
warp yarns
fabric
yarns
pile
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EP20060112213
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1746190A1 (fr
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Johny Debaes
Jos Mertens
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Individual
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Priority to US11/473,584 priority Critical patent/US7520303B2/en
Publication of EP1746190A1 publication Critical patent/EP1746190A1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/02—Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
    • D03D27/06—Warp pile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/02—Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
    • D03D27/10—Fabrics woven face-to-face, e.g. double velvet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/12—Woven pile fabrics wherein pile tufts are inserted during weaving
    • D03D27/16—Woven pile fabrics wherein pile tufts are inserted during weaving with tufts around wefts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for weaving a fabric comprising:
  • the invention relates to a fabric comprising:
  • Hand-knotted fabrics for instance, carpets are characterized by:
  • a multitude of warp yarns are vertically arranged next to one another between a warp beam to supply the warp yarns and a cloth beam for winding the knotted cloth. Between the two, warp yarns are tightened.
  • the knotter When hand-knotting, the knotter is knotting horizontally pile yarns round the warp yarns, usually the knot being interlaced round two adjacent warp yarns (as represented in " Die negligenceindustrie", Hans Oswald, 1965, Meliand Textilberichte, Heidelberg, pages 174 and 175 ).
  • the weft(s) When horizontally a complete row of knots is made, one or several wefts are inserted between the warp yarns and, by means of a reed, the weft(s) is (are) beaten up against the knots, which in turn are beaten up against the fabric already formed. Then the knotter may make another row of knots and repeat the process.
  • the purpose of the invention is to provide a method for weaving a fabric according to the heading of the first claim, where the back of the fabric is coming close to the quality of a hand-knotted fabric.
  • This purpose of the invention is obtained by providing a method for weaving a fabric, comprising:
  • binding warp yarns may interlace said second weft yarns which are situated at the back of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns and round which no pile warp yarns are interlaced. Because of this, neither these binding warp yarns will be visible, as the pile warp yarns are significantly thicker than the binding warp yarns and most certainly with a fabric of a high weft density, the binding warp yam, interlacing the said second weft yam, will be pushed away between two successive third weft yarns which will be interlaced only by a pile warp yam and not by a binding warp yam.
  • binding warp yarns may interlace the said second weft yarns which are situated on the pile face of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns, which are situated closest to the back of the fabric.
  • the second weft yarns can be provided between the said tension warp yarns which, are situated closest to the back of the fabric, and the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns.
  • the second weft yam which is interlaced by a binding warp yam, is made still more invisible from the back of the fabric.
  • the binding warp yarns are interlacing the said first weft yarns which are situated on the pile face of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns.
  • a preferred method according to the invention consists in that the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns are made to be floating between the first and the second weft yarns which are interlaced in the backing fabric by the binding warp yarns.
  • the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns will help to keep the first and second weft yarns separated from one another and to allow weaving at higher densities.
  • a further preferred method according to the invention consists in that the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns are made floating between the first weft yarns of the lower fabric and the first weft yarns of the upper fabric. After cutting through the fabrics, both fabrics may be subjected to a scraping operation, so that the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns are removed from the fabric.
  • the first weft yarns on the pile face of the fabric may be inserted either simultaneously or during different weft insertion cycles together with the third weft yarns round which pattern forming pile warp yarns are interlaced.
  • the second weft yarns which are inserted at the back of the fabric with respect to the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns and which are interlaced by the binding warp yarns may be inserted either simultaneously with the first weft yarns or during a different weft insertion cycle.
  • These weave structures have the advantage that the pile burls may be spread open less which will result in a more clearly defined pattern on the pile face of the fabric.
  • the first, second and third weft yarns may be inserted by means of triple weft insertion means.
  • productivity is fifty percent higher than with a double rapier weft insertion.
  • the first, second and third weft yarns may be inserted by means of a double weft insertion.
  • 1/3 V-structures are realized, which have the advantage that no mixed contours will appear at a pile change and a clearly defined fabric will be obtained at a colour change without any weave corrections being required.
  • the first, second and third weft yarns may be inserted by means of double weft insertion means, two weft yarns being inserted during a first weft insertion cycle and only one weft yam is inserted during a second successive weft insertion cycle.
  • This method presents similar advantages as the method for manufacturing face-to-face fabrics according to the invention, where triple weft insertion means is used.
  • the first, second and third weft yarns are inserted by means of single weft insertion means.
  • This method can be used when a single fabric weaving machine is available with a single weft insertion, and has likewise the advantage that no mixed contours will appear, so that the pattern on the pile face will be finer and no corrections will be needed to control the production of these fabrics in order to avoid these mixed contours.
  • the binding warp yarns will have a weave repeat of 4 or a multiple of 4.
  • the binding warp yarns preferably have a weave repeat of 6 or a multiple of 6.
  • the binding warp yarns may have a weave repeat of at least 8, which is a multiple of repeat 4 or a multiple of repeat 6, and between the crossing of the binding warp yarns, at least during one weft insertion cycle no weft yarn being guided through the fabric by a weft insertion means, which weft yarn, if it would indeed have been inserted, would have been interlaced by the binding warp yarns in the backing fabric.
  • At least part of the tension warp yarns linked to a weaving frame drive performing a motion during which, after insertion of a third weft yam which is situated at the back of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns and which is not interlaced by the binding warp yarns and round which pattern forming pile warp yarns are interlaced, the weaving frame is moving towards the back of the fabric in order to pull the third weft yam, round which the pattern forming pile warp yarns are interlaced, towards the outside of the jaw opening.
  • the second tension warp yarns are separating the third weft yarns from the backing fabric constituted by the binding warp yarns and the first tension warp yarns, the binding warp yarns interlacing the first and second weft yarns and the second weft yarns being situated between the first and second tension warp yarns and the first weft yarns being situated on the pile face of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns.
  • the weft insertion occurs simultaneously by means of one or two weft insertion means, a third weft yam, a first weft yam and a second weft yam being inserted into each fabric successively, after which the cycle is repeated.
  • the sequence described here indicates a sequence of weft insertion per fabric, in which weft yarns may also be inserted simultaneously.
  • pile forming with face-to-face fabrics preferably occurring with W-pile, by interlacing the pile warp yam, when a pattern forming pile warp yarn is moving from one fabric to the other, round a third weft yam situated at the back of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns and which is situated outside the backing fabric and then to pass round a first weft yarn in the same fabric and then round a second weft yam, which is interlaced by a binding warp yam and is separated from the third weft yarns by a tension warp yam and to extend towards the other fabric.
  • this weave structure will present a very good pile anchorage coming close to the pile anchorage of a hand-knotted fabric.
  • the lower pile density may be compensated by applying this weave structure in opposition with a double rapier weaving machine, each motion of the pile in one fabric being accompanied by a similar pile motion in the other fabric.
  • the rapier inserting the third weft yarns which are not interlaced by the warp yarns of the backing fabric into a fabric which, during weaving, has its back directed downwards, during their motion through the shed, is not carried by yarns.
  • the binding warp yarns which in the weaving processes, according to the state-of-the-art, are supporting these rapiers during their motion through the shed, are situated above these rapiers.
  • the pile warp yarns which will be interlaced are indeed below this lower rapier, but at a level that is to low to guide the rapier, because, at other insertion cycles, the binding warp yarns are indeed situated under the lower rapiers and a separation as to level between binding warp yarns and pile warp yarns is highly desirable, because a systematic crossing between these two groups of warp yarns is disadvantageous for the weaving process. Without such a guide, the lower rapiers are unable to guide the third weft yam with operational safety through the shed or to pass it on in the central position.
  • the pile warp yarns which, in order to form the lower fabric, are interlaced round the third weft yarns, are lifted into a position which, from the position of the weaver, is situated behind the rapiers, this position being chosen such, that these pile warp yarns, at the level of the lower rapier, are positioned almost exactly under this lower rapier, and may be able to perform a guiding function for this rapier in his motion through the shed.
  • Such a positioning may occur by:
  • This problem may also be solved by providing additional warp yarns which are no part of the fabric and will take up a fixed position or a position controlled by a shed forming means, in order to support the lower rapier, when inserting a third weft yam into the fabric with the back of the fabric below.
  • single fabrics are woven by means of a wire weaving machine, the cutting wires being used to form a cut pile and/or loop wires being used to form loop piles.
  • the wire weaving machine is equipped with a band rapier as a weft insertion means, this band rapier being guided during the trajectory through the shed.
  • the single fabrics are woven by means of an Axminster weaving machine, where between crossing the binding warp yarns a second and a third weft yam are laid at the back of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns and a first weft yam on the pile face of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yam, and the third weft yam round which the rapiers are laying pile, is interlaced by this pile outside the backing fabric.
  • two wefts are inserted per weft insertion, so that, together with the second weft yarns, in addition, fourth weft yarns are inserted, which as the first weft yarns are situated on the pile face of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns, and are interlaced by binding warp yarns.
  • This weave structure has the advantage of having the same density of weft yarns and warp yarns, both pile and backing warp yarns on either side of the tension warp yarns. This will lead to a fabric that will curl up less and therefore will remain a more flat fabric.
  • the Axminster weaving machine is provided with a beating up reed, comprising a multitude of plate-shaped reed fingers, provided with recesses in order to support the lower rapier during its motion through the shed.
  • a third weft yam may be chosen with a higher thickness than the thickness of the second weft yarns. In this manner the binding warp yam being interlaced round a thinner weft yam will be hidden better still between two successive pattern forming pile warp yarns, each of which will be interlaced round a thick weft yam.
  • This difference of thicknesses between the second and third weft yarns has the advantages both when the second weft yam is situated at the back of the fabric and on the pile face of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns which are situated closest to the back of the fabric.
  • the third and first weft yarns may be either almost of the same thickness, but the first weft yarns may also have a thickness which is smaller than the thickness of the third weft yarns.
  • the varying thicknesses of these weft yarns with respect to one another enable various effects to be obtained as far as the position and the aspect of the pile yarns on the pile face of the fabric and the flatness of the carpet are concerned.
  • the purpose of the invention is to provide a fabric in accordance with the heading of claim 42, the quality of the back of the fabric coming close to quality of a hand-knotted fabric.
  • this fabric is woven by means of a method as described above.
  • a backing fabric (100, 200) is constituted from backing warp yarns, consisting of binding and/or tension warp yarns (101, 201, 102, 202) and first and second weft yarns (3, 4).
  • tension warp yarns (102, 202) are situated in the backing fabric (100, 200).
  • the tension warp yarns (103, 203) it is possible for the tension warp yarns (103, 203) to be situated outside the backing fabric (100, 200), as is the case in the figures 8 and 9 .
  • tension warp yarns (102, 202, 103, 203) may be provided, as is the case in the figures 12 , 13 and 14 .
  • the fabric (1, 2) is comprising pattern forming pile warp yarns (6) and optionally non-pattern forming pile warp yarns (7), pattern forming pile burls (6a) being formed by means of the pattern forming pile warp yarns (6), each pattern forming pile burl (6a) being interlaced round at least a third weft yarn (5), which is situated at the back of the fabric (1, 2) with respect to the tension warp yarns (102, 202, 103, 203) and each said third weft yarn (5) being situated outside the backing fabric (100, 200) (so these third weft yarns (5) are not interlaced by binding warp yarns (101, 201)), because of which warp yarns are no longer visible at the back of the fabric (1,2).
  • the said first weft yarns (3) are inserted on the pile face of the fabric (1, 2) with respect to the tension warp yarns (102, 202, 103, 203) and are interlaced by binding warp yarns (101, 102) in the backing fabric (100, 200).
  • binding warp yarns (102, 201) are interlacing the said second weft yarns (4), which are situated at the back of the fabric (1, 2) with respect to the tension warp yarns (102, 202, 103, 203) and round which no pattern forming pile warp yarns (6) are interlaced, than they will not be visible either, as the pile warp yarns (6) are significantly thicker than the binding warp yarns (101, 201) and certainly with a fabric having a high weft density, the pile warp yarns pushing away the binding warp yarns (101, 102) interlacing the said second weft yarns between two successive third weft yarns (5) which are interlaced only by pile warp yarns (6) and therefore not by binding warp yarns (101, 201).
  • a preferred method is consisting in that the non-pattern forming pile (7) between the first and second weft yarns (3, 4) which are not interlaced in the backing fabric (100, 200) by binding warp yarns (101, 201) will be made to float.
  • the first weft yarns (3) which are situated on the pile face of the fabric (1, 2) with respect to the tension warp yarns (102, 202, 103, 203), may be inserted, on the one hand, simultaneously with the third weft yarns (5) round which the pattern forming pile warp yarns (6) are interlaced, as represented in the figures 1 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 15 and 18 or, on the other hand, being inserted at a different weft insertion cycle, more preferably in a next weft insertion cycle, as represented in the figures 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 9, 10 , 12-14 , 17, 18 .
  • both weft yarns first and third weft yarns (3, 5)
  • both weft yarns may have the same thickness (as represented in the figures 1 , 4 , 5 and 8 ) or the first weft yarns (3) may be thinner than the third weft yarns (5) (as represented in figure 15 ).
  • the second weft yarns (4) which are inserted at the back of the fabric (1, 2) with respect to the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns (7) and are interlaced by the binding warp yarns (101, 201), may be interlaced either simultaneously with the first weft yarns (3) (see figure 3 ), or inserted in a different weft insertion cycle (see figures 1,2 , 4 , 5 up to and including 18).
  • the first, second and third weft yarns (3, 4, 5) may be inserted by means of a double weft insertion means.
  • the binding warp yarns (101, 201) have a repeat ratio of 6 or a multiple of 6. In this manner 1/3 V-structures are realized, which have the advantage that no mixed contours will occur in case of a pile change and a perfectly defined fabric will be obtained in case of a colour change without any weave corrections being needed.
  • the first, second and third weft yarns (3, 4, 5) may be inserted by means of a triple weft insertion means.
  • the binding warp yarns (101, 201) having a weave repeat of 4 or a multiple of 4.
  • triple weft insertion means the productivity is fifty percent higher than with double weft insertion means.
  • the face-to-face fabrics also loop pile and/or a pile which is interlaced round first weft yarns (3) may appear in addition to a cut pile, the third weft yarns (5) round which pattern forming pile warp yarns (6) are interlaced being situated outside the backing fabric (100, 200).
  • Such weave structures are represented in figure 16 .
  • the binding warp yarns (101, 201) may also have a weave repeat of 8, as represented in figure 9 .
  • one tension warp yam (102, 202) is provided per fabric (1, 2), additionally a multitude of first and second weft yarns (3, 4) not being inserted into the fabric (1, 2), which, if they had indeed been inserted, would have been interlaced by the binding warp yarns (101, 201) in the backing fabric (100, 200).
  • the first, second and third weft yarns may be inserted by means of double weft insertion means, in a first weft insertion cycle 2 weft yarns being inserted and in a second successive weft insertion cycle only one weft yam being inserted.
  • first, second and third weft yarns (3, 4, 5) may be inserted by means of single weft insertion means.
  • the binding warp yarns (101, 201) having a weave repeat of 6 or a multiple of 6.
  • warp yam In case of a multiple of 4 or a multiple of 6 less warp yam is consumed because of the number of crossings of binding warp yarns (101, 201) being smaller and this will enable higher densities to be realized. This is true both for single fabrics and for face-to-face fabrics.
  • the tension warp yarns (102, 202) as represented in the figures 1 up to and including 4 may remain motionless because, for the upper fabric (1), these tension warp yarns (102) have to be positioned always between the upper and the middle rapier and for the lower fabric (2) these tension warp yarns (202) have to be positioned always between the lower and the middle rapier.
  • an advantageous embodiment as represented in figure 7 consists, with weave structures having a weave repeat of a multiple of 4 or 6, in regularly interlacing one of the second weft yarns (4) on the pile side of the tension warp yarns (102, 202) situated closest to the back of the fabric (1,2), by means of a binding warp yam (101, 201), because of which part of the first weft yarns (3) are no longer situated at the back and may force their way vertically upwards as a third layer between the layers of the other weft yarns (3, 4, 5) and non-pattern forming pile warp yarns (7).
  • weave structures are represented where the second tension warp yarns (103, 203) already mentioned above are separating the third weft yarns (5) and the backing fabric (100, 200) constituted by the binding warp yarns (101, 201) and the first tension warp yarns (102, 202), the binding warp yarns (101, 201) interlacing the first and second weft yarns (3, 4) and the second weft yarns (4) being situated between the first and second tension warp yarns (102, 202, 103, 203) and the first weft yarns (3) being situated on the pile side of the fabric (1, 2) with respect to the tension warp yarns (102, 202, 103, 203).
  • the weft insertion occurs simultaneously with one or two weft insertion means, a first weft yam (3), a third weft yam (5) and a second weft yarn (4) successively being inserted, with the single rapier method as represented in figure 12 , for a first fabric after which the same method is used for the second fabric.
  • the double rapier method represented in figure 14 successively a third weft yam (5), a first weft yam (3) and a second weft yam (4) are inserted simultaneously in both fabrics, after which this cycle is repeated.
  • the lower pile density may be compensated by applying this weave structure on a double rapier weaving machine in opposition, as represented in figure 14 , each pile motion in one fabric (1, 2 respectively) being linked to a similar pile motion in the other fabric (2, 1 respectively).
  • radio 1 means the ratio between the number of points in the fabric with respect to the number of points in the drawing of the pattern. Therefore, radio 1 means, for instance, that for each point in the drawing of the pattern, one pile burl is used in the fabric, whereas with radio 2, for each point in the drawing of the pattern, 2 pile burls are used in the fabric.
  • weaving is performed with first tension warp yarns (102, 202) situated in the backing fabric (100, 200) and second tension warp yarns (103, 203) situated outside the backing fabric (100, 200) and per weft insertion cycle, one weft is inserted, first a third weft yam (5) being inserted, after which a second weft yam (4) is inserted and finally a first weft yam (3) is inserted in a cycle of three weft insertion cycles.
  • no W-pile is formed any longer, but a V-pile which may also be used with the single rapier method and which leads to a reduced pile consumption.
  • This method may also be carried out with a double rapier in opposition (not represented in the figures).
  • a double rapier in opposition (not represented in the figures).
  • the pattern forming pile warp yam (6) is no longer interlacing round the central tuft of a W on a weft at the pile face of the fabric (1, 2), with respect to the tension warp yam situated closest to the back of the fabric, because of which this weft yam (4) will not be tightened by the pattern forming pile warp yam (6), here also it is possible to perform weaving, by omitting one of the tension warp yarns (102, 202 - 103,203 respectively).
  • Such a positioning may occur by:
  • This problem can also be solved by providing additional warp yarns, not being part of the fabric and taking up a fixed position or a position controlled by a shed forming means, in order to support the lower rapier during the insertion of a third weft yam (5) in the lower fabric (2).
  • These additional warp yarns may be more limited in number than the number of backing warp systems, so that such additional warp yarns are not present in each backing warp system. Afterwards these additional warp yarns have to be removed in the known manner (see EP 1460157 ), as they are no part of the fabric.
  • These additional warp yarns may also be carried out as fixed strings, having a course so that, at the level of the lower rapier, they are situated at a level under this rapier, so that the rapier may be guided on them.
  • Single fabrics may be realized by means of the method according to the invention by means of different weaving techniques.
  • the method is carried out with a weaving machine which is inserting three wefts simultaneously by means of three weft insertion means.
  • the two outer weft insertion means are inserting a first, second or third weft yam (3, 4, 5) in each of the fabrics (1, 2), in a manner in which after three weft insertion cycles in both fabrics (1, 2) a first, second, as well as a third weft yam (3, 4, 5) are inserted and in which during three successive weft insertion cycles a lost weft (12) is inserted in two of these cycles by means of the middle weft insertion means, which, after cutting through both fabrics (1, 2) is removed from the fabric (1, 2), whereas in the remaining cycle of the three successive weft insertion cycles no lost weft yam (12) is inserted, because no weft yam is presented to the rapier or because the middle rapier is prevented from moving through the shed.
  • the effectively inserted lost weft yarns (12) are inserted during the weft insertion cycle, following a cycle in which a third weft (5) is inserted in one of the fabrics (1, 2 respectively).
  • a weave structure enables a fabric to be created by means of the method of the invention, in which both cut pile (8) and loop pile (9) are occurring and in which also a pile may occur which is interlaced on the pile side of the fabric (1, 2) round one or several first weft yarns (3) (not represented in the figure).
  • the wire weaving machine may be equipped with a band rapier as a weft insertion means, enabling this band rapier to be guided during its trajectory through the shed on guiding fingers which are installed divided in the weft direction of the weaving machine. This is to avoid that the solutions mentioned above have to be used to guide the rapier when a third weft yam (3) has to be inserted into a fabric (2) having its back below, which will not be interlaced by binding warp yarns (101).
  • Axminster weaving is a three-shot weaving technique. This means that three weft insertion cycles are needed to insert one pile burl.
  • these classic Axminster weave structures per three weft insertion cycles, there are 2 weft yarns on the pile face of the fabric and 1 weft yam, with respect to the tension warp yarns, at the back of the fabric and the three weft yarns are interlaced by binding warp yarns.
  • two weft yarns (4, 5) are provided at the back of the fabric (1) with respect to the tension warp yarns (102), and only one weft yam (3) is provided on the pile face of the fabric (1) with respect to the tension warp yarns (102).
  • the third weft yarns (5), round which pile is laid by the grippers are interlaced outside the backing fabric (100) by this pile.
  • the rapiers are bringing the weft through the shed and the grippers are laying the pile tufts round the weft, round which the pile has to be interlaced.
  • the second weft yarns (4) when they are inserted, are always lying at the back of the fabric with respect to the tension warp yarns (102).
  • insertion of the second weft yam (4) may be cancelled now and then, or now and then the rapier may be disengaged before inserting the second weft yam (4).
  • Another method to obtain more tightly woven fabrics consists in providing second tension warp yarns, lying outside the backing fabric and which will ensure that the second (4) and the third (5) weft yarns are laid in two layers above one another.
  • the shed has no warp yarns which are positioned under the lower rapier when they are not interlaced by binding warp yarns, as the pile warp yarns are inserted by the grippers into the fabric in a cut condition.
  • a fixed or movable table can be used to support the lower rapier, as the weft round which the pile warp yam is interlaced the moment the weft is inserted, is still taken up in the grippers which at that time is situated under the rapier and might collide with the provisions mentioned above to guide the lower rapier.
  • this problem may also be solved by providing the Axminster weaving machine with a stopping reed, comprising a multitude of plate-shaped reed fingers, provided with recesses in order to support the lower rapier in its motion through the shed (as described in GB 2 314 095 ).
  • Axminster weaving enables coarser yarns to be woven in a multitude of colours.
  • the coarser yarns have the advantage that the much thinner binding warp yarns which are interlacing the second weft yarns (4) at the back are better covered which may be further improved by a thicker weft yam as a third weft yam (5).
  • the absence of non-pattern forming pile warp yarns (6) is also a feature of a hand-knotted fabric which may thus be realized.
  • the aspect of more colours by means of the Axminster weaving technique is coming closer to the possibilities which may be realized with hand-knotted fabrics.
  • This weave structure has the advantage of having the same density of weft yarns (3, 4, 5, 13) warp yarns (pile warp yarns (6, 7) and backing warp yarns (101, 102) on either side of the tension warp yam (102).
  • a weft yam (5, 13) may be provided as a thick yam, preferably inserted in a different weft insertion cycle.
  • Jacquard machines in accordance with the state-of-the-art may be used.
  • open shed Jacquard machines may be used, known in the state-of-the-art, with 2, 3 or 4 positions, with the possibility to use the two position open shed Jacquard machines for single rapier weaving, 3-position open shed Jacquard machines may be used for double rapier and three-rapier weaving, whereas 4-position open shed Jacquard machines may be used for three-rapier weaving, more particularly for fabrics as represented in figure 16 .
  • Non-open shed Jacquard machines may also be used for those fabrics in which not all the positions have to be reached in each weft insertion cycle, provided they will be able to realize the necessary positions at the moments they are required.
  • a further preferred method according to the invention consists in making the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns to float between the first weft yarns (3) of the lower fabric (2) and the first weft yarns (3) of the upper fabric (1).
  • Non-pattern forming pile warp yarns (7) which are positioned in the fabric in this manner are known by the name of "middle floaters". After cutting through the fabrics (1, 2) both fabrics (1, 2) may be subjected to a scraping operation, so that the non-pattern forming pile warp yarns (7) situated on the pile face of the fabric (1, 2), are removed from the fabric (1, 2).
  • this method As a hand-knotted carpet has no non-pattern forming pile warp yarns, the fabric obtained with this method is also coming close to this characteristic of the hand-knotted carpet. Moreover, this method with middle floaters has the advantage that no mixed contours will occur and that no correction lift plans will be needed either to avoid mixed contours. Pile tufts situated next to one another of a different colour will not be crossing, so that a clear and fine pattern will be obtained on the pile face of the fabric.
  • the method is represented being carried out on a three-rapier weaving machine. With this method, fabrics free of mixed contours are realized at a high degree of productivity. The absence of non-pattern forming pile warp yarns in the backing fabrics enables the weft density to be increased, so that a fabric with a higher density is realized, coming closer to the hand-knotted fabric. In the figure represented, per weft insertion cycle, one weft is not inserted. (This is represented in the drawing by a non-coloured circle). This enables the weft density to be further increased. When, as represented in figure 20 , a thinner weft is used for the second weft yam than for the third weft yarn (3), the tension warp at the back of the fabric (1, 2) is hidden better still under the pile warp yarns (6).
  • a fabric in accordance with a method according to the invention is represented, the pattern forming warp yarns being interlaced in W-weave by means of a single rapier weaving machine in combination with non-pattern forming pile warp yarns as middle floaters.
  • the strong pile anchorage of a W-weave is still further reinforced because by the absence of non-pattern forming pile warp yarns in the backing fabrics, the wefts situated in 3 layers above one another may be inserted more tightly.

Claims (43)

  1. Procédé pour tisser un tissu (1, 2), comprenant :
    - un tissu de fond (100, 200) formé par des fils de chaîne de fond, comprenant des fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) et des premiers et deuxièmes fils de trame (3, 4) ;
    - un ou plusieurs fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) ;
    - des fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif, et éventuellement des fils de chaîne de poil (7) ne formant pas de motif, des noeuds de poil (6a) formant un motif étant formés par les fils de chaîne de poil formant un motif, et chaque noeud de poil (6a) formant un motif étant entrelacé autour d'au moins un troisième fil de trame (5), situé au dos du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) ;
    caractérisé en ce que chaque dit troisième fil de trame (5) est situé en dehors du tissu de fond (100, 200).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) sont entrelacés avec lesdits deuxièmes fils de trame (4) qui sont situés au dos du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) et autour desquels aucun fil de chaîne de poil formant un motif (6) n'est entrelacé.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) sont entrelacés avec lesdits deuxièmes fils de trame (4) qui sont situés sur la face poil du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) qui sont situés le plus près du dos du tissu (1, 2).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des deuxièmes fils de trame (4) est prévue entre lesdits fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203), qui sont situés le plus près du dos du tissu et des fils de chaîne de poil (7) ne formant pas de motif.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) s'entrelacent avec lesdits premiers fils de trame (3) qui sont situés sur la face poil du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les fils de chaîne de poil (7) ne formant pas de motif flottent entre les premiers et deuxièmes fils de trame (3, 4) qui sont entrelacés dans le tissu de fond (100, 200) avec les fils de trame de liaison (101, 201).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les fils de chaîne de poil (7) ne formant pas de motif flottent entre les premiers fils de trame (3) du tissu inférieur (2) et les premiers fils de trame (3) du tissu supérieur (1).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les premiers fils de trame (3) sur la face poil du tissu (1, 2) sont insérés simultanément avec les troisièmes fils de trame (5) autour desquels les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif sont entrelacés.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les premiers fils de trame (3) sur la face poil du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux troisièmes fils de trame (5) sont insérés avec un cycle d'insertion de trame différent.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les deuxièmes fils de trame (4) qui sont insérés au dos du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de poil (7) ne formant pas de motif et qui sont entrelacés avec les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201), sont insérés simultanément avec les premiers fils de trame (3).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les deuxièmes fils de trame (4) qui sont insérés au dos du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de poil (7) ne formant pas de motif, et qui sont entrelacés avec les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201), sont insérés dans un cycle d'insertion de trame différent par rapport aux premiers fils de trame (3).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que pour des tissus face à face, les premiers, deuxièmes et troisièmes fils de trame (3, 4, 5) sont insérés au moyen de triples moyens d'insertion de trame.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'en plus d'un poil coupé (8), on obtient un poil bouclé (9) et/ou un poil qui est entrelacé autour des premiers fils de trame (3), les troisièmes fils de trame (5) autour desquels les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif sont entrelacés étant situés en dehors du tissu de fond (100, 200).
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que pour des tissus face à face, les premiers, deuxièmes et troisièmes fils de trame (3, 4, 5) sont insérés au moyen de doubles moyens d'insertion de trame.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que pour des tissus simples, les premiers, deuxièmes et troisièmes fils de trame (3, 4, 5) sont insérés au moyen de doubles moyens d'insertion de trame, dans un premier cycle d'insertion de trame, 2 fils de trame étant insérés, et dans un deuxième cycle d'insertion de trame successif, seulement 1 fil de trame étant inséré.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, 9 et 11, caractérisé en ce que pour des tissus simples, les premiers, deuxièmes et troisièmes fils de trame (3, 4, 5) sont insérés au moyen de simples moyens d'insertion de trame.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12, 13 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) ont un rapport d'armure de 4 ou d'un multiple de 4.
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) ont un rapport d'armure de 6 ou d'un multiple de 6.
  19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 ou 18, caractérisé en ce que les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) ont un rapport d'armure d'au moins 8, et entre le croisement des fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201), un moyen d'insertion de trame ne conduit aucun fil de trame à travers le tissu (1, 2) pendant au moins un cycle d'insertion de trame, alors ces fils de trame que, s'ils avaient été insérés, auraient été entrelacés en liant des fils de chaîne (101, 201) dans le tissu de fond (100, 200).
  20. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) est reliée à un entraînement de cadre à tisser effectuant un mouvement par le biais duquel, après l'insertion d'un troisième fil de trame (5) situé au dos du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) et qui n'est pas entrelacé avec les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) et autour duquel les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif sont entrelacés, le cadre à tisser se déplace vers le dos du tissu (1, 2) pour tirer les troisièmes fils de trame (5), autour desquels les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif sont entrelacés, vers l'extérieur de l'ouverture des mâchoires.
  21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des deuxièmes fils de trame (4) qui sont entrelacés avec les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201), est située sur la face poil des fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203), qui sont situés le plus près du dos du tissu (1, 2).
  22. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 21, caractérisé en ce que les deuxièmes fils de chaîne de tension (103, 203) effectuent une séparation entre les troisièmes fils de trame (5) et le tissu de fond (100, 200) constitué par les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201), et les premiers fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202), les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) s'entrelaçant avec les premiers et deuxièmes fils de trame (3, 4), et les deuxièmes fils de trame (4) étant situés entre les premiers et les deuxièmes fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) et les premiers fils de trame (3) étant situés sur la face poil du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203).
  23. Procédé selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que l'insertion de la trame s'effectue simultanément au moyen de deux moyens d'insertion de trame, et dans chaque tissu, un troisième fil de trame (5) et un premier fil de trame (3) sont insérés successivement, après quoi ce cycle est répété.
  24. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 ou 23, caractérisé en ce que la formation des poils avec des tissus face à face s'effectue avec un poil en W, la formation des poils s'effectuant, lorsqu'un fil de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif se déplace d'un tissu à l'autre (1, 2, respectivement), en entrelaçant ce fil de chaîne de poil (6) autour d'un troisième fil de trame (5) situé au dos du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) et qui est situé à l'extérieur du tissu de fond (100, 200), et ensuite en le faisant passer autour d'un premier fil de trame (3) dans le même tissu (1, 2, respectivement), puis en l'entrelaçant autour d'un deuxième fil de trame (4), qui est entrelacé avec un fil de chaîne de liaison (101, 201), et qui est séparé des troisièmes fils de trame (5) par un fil de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) et en l'étendant vers l'autre tissu (2, 1, respectivement).
  25. Procédé selon la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce que la structure de tissage, en opposition de phase, avec une machine à tisser à doubles lances est appliquée, chaque mouvement du poil dans un tissu (1, 2, respectivement) étant lié à un mouvement de poil similaire dans l'autre tissu (2, 1, respectivement).
  26. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25, caractérisé en ce que pour des tissus avec le dos en dessous, les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif, qui sont entrelacés autour des troisièmes fils de trame (5) pour former le tissu inférieur (2), sont soulevés dans une position derrière les lances, vu depuis la position du tisseur, cette position étant choisie de telle sorte que ces fils de chaîne de poil (6) au niveau de la lance inférieure soient positionnés pratiquement directement sous cette lance inférieure et puissent être en mesure d'effectuer une fonction de guidage pour cette lance dans le cadre de son déplacement à travers la foule.
  27. Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce qu'un cadre à tisser est utilisé, lequel présente une pluralité de lisses, qui sont pourvues d'oeillets de lisse, d'un fil de lisse, ou d'une tringle de lisse, s'étendant à travers plusieurs ou la totalité des oeillets de lisse du cadre à tisser dans la direction de la trame et ce cadre à tisser étant levé pour insérer les troisièmes fils de trame (5), de sorte que le fil de lisse ou la tringle de lisse amènent les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif, situés sous cette lance, pratiquement exactement sous la lance inférieure.
  28. Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que les cadres à tisser sont dimensionnés de manière à entraîner les fils de chaîne de liaison (101) dans le tissu supérieur (1), de sorte que dans leur position supérieure, c'est-à-dire avec les fils de chaîne de liaison (101) au-dessus de la lance supérieure, au moyen d'un fil, d'une tringle ou d'une barre pour lisse s'étendant dans la direction de la trame, ils soulèveront aussi les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif, qui sont situés dans la position inférieure afin de les positionner pratiquement exactement sous la lance inférieure.
  29. Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un ou plusieurs cadres à tisser à servocommande, le mouvement du cadre à tisser étant ajustable et programmable en termes de hauteur, et ces cadres à tisser avec des fils de chaîne de liaison (201), qui, au moment où la lance inférieure doit être supportée, sont situés au-dessus de la lance supérieure, sont entraînés légèrement plus haut que d'habitude, lorsqu'ils sont pourvus d'un dispositif pour soulever les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif en dessous de la lance inférieure, afin de les positionner pratiquement exactement en dessous de la lance inférieure.
  30. Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un cadre à tisser ou une table de tissage pouvant être déplacé(e) de haut en bas, dont la partie supérieure est pourvue d'un plan qui positionnera les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif pratiquement exactement sous la lance inférieure.
  31. Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise une table fixe qui positionnera toujours les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif pratiquement exactement sous la lance inférieure.
  32. Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que la table est installée aussi près que possible des lances.
  33. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25, caractérisé en ce que pour des tissus (2) avec le dos en dessous, on utilise des fils ou des brins de chaîne supplémentaires qui ne font pas partie du tissu (2) et qui, au niveau de la lance inférieure, adoptent une position permettant de guider la lance inférieure, lorsqu'un troisième fil de trame (5) est inséré dans ce tissu (2).
  34. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, 15 à 23 et 26 à 33, caractérisé en ce que les tissus simples sont tissés au moyen d'une machine à tisser à verges, des verges coupantes (10) étant utilisés pour former un poil coupé (8) et/ou des verges de boucle (11) étant utilisés pour former des boucles de poil (9).
  35. Procédé selon la revendication 34, caractérisé en ce que la machine à tisser à verges est équipée d'une lance à bande en tant que moyen d'insertion de trame, cette lance à bande étant guidée pendant sa trajectoire à travers la foule.
  36. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, 5, 8, 9, 15 à 19, 21 à 23 et 33, caractérisé en ce que les tissus simples sont tissés au moyen d'une machine à tisser Axminster, et qu' entre le croisement des fils de chaîne de liaison (201), un deuxième et un troisième fil de trame (4, 5) sont posés au dos du tissu (2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (202) et un premier fil de trame (3) est posé sur la face poil du tissu (1) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (202), et que le troisième fil de trame (5), autour duquel les pinces de préhension posent les poils, est entrelacé avec ces poils en dehors du tissu de fond (200).
  37. Procédé selon la revendication 36, caractérisé en ce que deux trames sont insérées, de sorte que, conjointement avec les deuxièmes fils de trame (4), des quatrièmes fils de trame supplémentaires (13) soient insérés, lesquels, comme les premiers fils de trame (3), sont situés sur la face poil du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) et sont entrelacés avec les fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201).
  38. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 36 ou 37, caractérisé en ce que la machine à tisser Axminster est pourvue d'un peigne de frappe, comprenant une pluralité de doigts de peigne en forme de plaques pourvus de retraits afin de supporter la lance inférieure dans son mouvement à travers la foule.
  39. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 38, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur des troisièmes fils de trame (5) est supérieure à l'épaisseur des deuxièmes fils de trame (4).
  40. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 39, caractérisé en ce que les troisièmes et les premiers fils de trame (5, 3) ont pratiquement la même épaisseur.
  41. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 39, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur des premiers fils de trame (3) est inférieure à l'épaisseur des troisièmes fils de trame (5).
  42. Tissu comprenant :
    - un tissu de fond (100, 200) constitué de fils de chaîne de fond comprenant des fils de chaîne de liaison (101, 201) et des premiers et deuxièmes fils de trame (3, 4) ;
    - un ou plusieurs fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) ;
    - des fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif, et éventuellement des fils de chaîne de poil (7) ne formant pas de motif, les fils de chaîne de poil (6) formant un motif formant des noeuds de poil (6a) formant un motif, et chaque noeud de poil (6a) formant un motif étant entrelacé autour d'au moins un troisième fil de trame (5), situé au dos du tissu (1, 2) par rapport aux fils de chaîne de tension (102, 202, 103, 203) ;
    caractérisé en ce que chaque dit troisième fil de trame (5) est situé en dehors de la trame de fond (100, 200).
  43. Tissu selon la revendication 42, caractérisé en ce que le tissu est tissé au moyen d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP20060112213 2005-06-24 2006-04-04 Procédé pour tisser un tissu et un tissu tissé selon ce procédé Active EP1746190B1 (fr)

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BE2005/0324A BE1016658A3 (nl) 2005-06-24 2005-06-24 Werkwijze voor het weven van een weefsel, weefsel geweven volgens een dergeljke werkwijze en weefmachine voor het weven van een dergelijk weefsel.

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EP3824126B1 (fr) * 2018-07-20 2022-09-07 Vandewiele NV Dispositif de tissage conçu pour empêcher la formation de rayures dans des tissus ayant un aspect artisanal

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BE1016849A3 (nl) * 2005-11-10 2007-08-07 Wiele Michel Van De Nv Werkwijze voor het weven van weefsels met zones met een ribstructuur met een grote variatie in kleureffecten.
FR2929623B1 (fr) 2008-04-03 2010-06-04 Schonherr Textilmaschb Procede de tissage pour realiser un tapis et tapis obtenu par un tel procede
EP2568065B1 (fr) * 2011-09-06 2018-04-11 STÄUBLI BAYREUTH GmbH Procédé pour tisser un tapis et tapis tissé par le biais de ce procédé
CN102677366A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 常州环球地毯制造有限公司 仿手工编织地毯
BE1021026B1 (nl) 2013-01-09 2015-01-27 Nv Michel Van De Wiele Tapijt met een schaduweffect en werkwijze voor het weven van een tapijtweefsel met een schaduweffect.
CN109208157B (zh) * 2018-09-20 2020-02-18 嘉兴市天之梦丝绒科技有限公司 一种拉丝充气布的织造设备及织造方法
BE1026908B1 (nl) 2018-12-21 2020-07-23 Nv Michel Van De Wiele Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van poolweefsels
CN113265739B (zh) * 2021-05-13 2023-01-13 浙江英诺威纺织有限公司 一种制作滚刷绒的纺织面料及其制备方法

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GB191328221A (en) * 1913-12-08 1914-10-01 Edward Hollingworth Improvements in or appertaining to the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
BE727352A (fr) * 1969-01-24 1969-07-24
DE69430215T2 (de) * 1993-06-11 2002-07-18 Wiele Michel Van De Nv Verfahren zum Herstellen von Doppelplüschgeweben

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3824126B1 (fr) * 2018-07-20 2022-09-07 Vandewiele NV Dispositif de tissage conçu pour empêcher la formation de rayures dans des tissus ayant un aspect artisanal

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