8012. Southwell, H. & M., and Lowrie, J. April 5. Looms, pile forming and cutting in; carpets; pile fabrics.- Brussels carpets and other pile fabrics are produced with a warp pile but with the ribs or tubes, formed by the pile loops, running in the direction of the warp. The ground warps 1 pass over a beam 2, then through healds 3 and a reed 4, and o v e r the breast beam 5, after having been woven into the cloth. The pile yarns p pass from the frames 8, between guides 9, and through eyes 10 carried by harness cords 11, which pass round fixed bars 12, 13 and have their ends connected to hooks 14 attached to the upper ends of needles 15. These needles pass between the bars of a movable grating 16, and through the perforations of a comber-board 17. Beneath the board 17 is a rotary and vertically - movable cylinder 18 carrying the chain of pattern cards 19. Pile wires 21 are secured to the bars 12, and are provided at their lower ends with attachments or bars tapering at both ends 22, 23. If the pile is required to be cut, the lower ends of the wires may be trough-shaped and have blades fitted in them. During the weaving process, a shed in the ground warps is first formed, and the cylinder 18, comberboard 17, and grating 16 are raised. In consequence of these movements, some of the needles are lifted so as to cause their corresponding pile threads to travel over the bars 12 from one side to the other, and the other needles are lifted to a less extent by means of projections 20 on the needles being lifted by the comber-board. A pick of weft is next inserted and beaten up, the pile loops being formed by the wires 21. The cylinder, comberboard, and grating then descend, and the pile yarns, previously lifted over the bars 12, are brought up to the bars by the grating 16, which engages with projections 20 on the needles. A second pick of weft is next inserted and beaten up. The cylinder, comber-board, and grating then descend to their lowest positions, the grating bringing the pile yarns back to their original position, and thereby forming a second series of loops. By these means, a single pile warp is doubled on the surface of the fabric, and a two-ply surface is produced ; also a four-ply and a six-ply surface may be formed by two-ply pile warps, and three-ply pile warps, respectively. In a modification, the needles are actuated by a jacquard apparatus, the comberboards being above the jars 12, and the grating below. Doable pile fabrics, to be afterwards cut apart, may be woven in a loom of the type shown in Fig. 1, with two sets of ground warp threads, the pile loops being formed by the transfer to and from opposite sides of a fixed vertical bar to which the pile wires are attached. The harness cards may be actuated by needles or by a jacquard apparatus. For weaving tapestry carpets, the card cylinders and cards are not used, but the pile is formed over fixed wires.