US2073494A - Method of and means for producing textile fabrics - Google Patents

Description

March 9, 1937. SAUER 2,073,494

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS Filed May 16, 1935 ll Sheets-Sheet 1 W1 TNESSES: I N VE @jfiw L'skar um;

ORNEYS.

March 9, 1937.

File

0. SAUER METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR 2,073,494 PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS d May 16, 1935 ll Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR: Oslrar Saum;

v ATTORNEYS.

March 9, 1937. 0. SAUER 2,073,494

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS Filed May 16, 1935 ll Sheets-Sheet 3 WITNESSES: 9

. 16 INVENTORQ 2 16 10 By Uskar 5mm]; Wm Q. U 4 W TTORNEYS.

March 9, 1937. o. SAUER 2,073,494

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS Filed May 16, 1955 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 2a I FIG: 1m

7 9a 5a I 2/27 21a :1 n-Ea 55; ////////////2 m I 15 la 16a g K 10a fZl 1m WITNESSES; 11% j INVENTOR:

' 037cm- 5mm];

March 9, 1937. O, AUER 2,073,494

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS Filed May 16, 1935 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG. 1 717.

wy UP 22 I A?" WITNESSES:

@ W i V INVENTOR:

05 km Samar,

/ A TTORNEYS.

March 9, 1937. O. SAUER 2,073,494

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS- Filed May 16, 1935 l I SheetS-Sheet '7 WITNESSES:

BY W I I fiORNEYS.

o. sAuER 2,073,494 METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS March 9, 1937.

Filed May 16-, 1955 ll Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTOR askar Samar,

WITNESSES: 923% I A TTORNEYS.

March 9, 1937. Q ISAUER 2,073,494

' METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE memos Filed May 16, 1935 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 FIG.

iz i1" v 15b 26 2 5 WITNESSES: INi'ENTOR;

' By W W W WTORNEYS.

March 9, 1937. O SAUER 2,073,494

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS Filed May 16, 1935 ll Sheets-Sheet 10 FIG 121m 1 1 Cf JTLYZIZ'a 2/60 WITNESSES:

. I INV ENTOR: 057C111 ,Saugr BY y i March 9, 1937. AUE 2,073,494

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS Filed May 16, 1935 ll Sheets-Sheet 11 W *mz Mr if! 2601 I'd Ld WITNESSES; INVENTOR:

A, .Q .Q 051mm Samar TTORNEYS.

Patented Mar. 9, 1931 UNITED srA'rEs .PfAT 'Nr o FrcE;

METHOD 01' AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING TEXTILE FABRICS This invention relates generally to textile fabrics and, moreparticularly, tothe production of an improved fabric'of the porous or net type,ras

1 well as to la'ces andcurtains. Porous and net' type fabrics, when produced as heretofore on looms, have the disadvantage that the warp threads or yarns will slide along the weftthread or yarn with the result that the fabric opens up.

The general object of this invention is to obviate the noted disadvantage by provision of a novel method and means whereby the warp threads or yarns are twisted about the weft thread or yarn, or, about one another at-the crossovers, in a manner which effectively prevents sliding of the one relative to the other.

Another object is to produce a fabric ofthe above indicated character which is stable in texhire and of great durability.

A further object is the productidn of lace or wheat fabric in which the interlacings are only formed when one-of the constituent threads or yarns is thrown laterally relative to the other or others. I Ancillary objects and advantages of this in-'- 5 vention will be pointed out in the detailed description thereof which follows, or will be apparent from such description.

With the foregoing objects in view, this invention aims to produce a more open fabric of so the indicated types, imwhicha -chain of one or more warp loopsis introduced and the chain threads or yarns interlaced withtherh by lateral throwing, as well as with the weft threads or.

yarns at the crossovers, by throwing one or more loops around them The chainthreads or yarns may also be thrownlaterally two or more gaits,-

[and the loops formed by the interlacing thread orv yarn will form the points of interlacing, thus various patterns may be easily designed' This 1* n velm nner f int r in if o a o r 8 he g d1 ers from kmtted a loom adapted, for. carrying out one manner of,

fabrics, wherein one loop engages another loop andan elastic fabric results. Thechain of warp loops or the interlacing threads or yarns, form only points of interlacing' and Ithe stability of 1 the fabric is carfled by said chain as well as by 5 'wafer-like' bobbins by substitu g or Sam:

the "weft threads or yarns; The'novel principle or both, is alsointended to eliminate'use of the conventional bobbins employed in all types of lane 7 and curtainloorns, and thereby dispensing with the costly methodpf ifrefilling, with a limited quantity of thread or yarn, he thousands of terlacing loops, which arebeing bins, spools or t ams of'the' desired threads or yarns.

To'the foregoing ends-, and in accordance with this invention, the warp threads or yarns, held by various numbers of guidebars, are thrown laterally one or more gaits in a 'predetermined manner and direction according to the pattern.- desired, whereupon interlacing points are formed with appropriate means by drawing or pulling a loop-from an interlacing warp thread or yarn at the opposite side of'the fabric and throwing the warp threads or yarns laterally.

In order to produce certain types of fabric, where threads or" yarns float in a predetermined manner on the face of the fabric, the interlacing thread or yarn 'is supplied atthe back of the fabg ric, and a loop ispushed or pulled to the front thereof, where it is held until the warp thread up, whereupon said-loop is drawn to the rear through the warp threads or yarns at, right anor yarn has been thrown laterally and beatenc gles to the fabric and tied around the previous. laterally-thrown warp threads. "The warps threads are thrown laterally again and beaten-up, this time, however, relatively in front of the inheld in the rear of the fabric, and consequently it willcbe floated across the face'of the fabric.;, When the warp determined mariner, thread or yarn can be floated on the fabricwevery one' on more motions.'- In" order that this inventionmay be clearly understood, and its advantages fully appreciat-" producing porous or net fabric in accordance "threads or yarns do not-move, as aforesaid, they r.

cannot tie-in after any motion, thus after a pre- 30 with this inventiongs'aidsection being taken ap- I proximately as indicated by the arrows I-I- in Fig. V.

, Fig. 11 is a the arrows 1I--H in Fig.

Fig! IIIis a cor-respondmg view illustrative of a stage in the beating-up of the interlacings towards the fabric.

Fig.' a cross-section; taken a s'indicated by the arrows IV--IV--in Fig. VIII: 'Fig. V is a plan the. weaving eleilar view, faken :as indicated 1 ,.z

' view-corresponding substantially with-the arrangement :01 ments shown in Fig. I. Y

Fig. V1 is a planview similar to Fig. .V, but showing-the position of thesinkers after lateral movement preparatory to forming the sheds.

Fig. VII is a plan view of the elements shown 5 in Fig. 11, or the position occupied thereby, incl Fig. XI is a fragmentary cross-section, taken,

on the plane XIX[ of Fig. XIV, through a loom adapted to the production ofa lace or net fabric in which two warp threads or yarns are employed, one being interlaced with the weft thrad or yarn by looping andthe other by formation of chain stitches. Fig. In: is a similar cross-section, taken on th plane designated X[IXII in Fig. XV, and

showing how the chain stitches are caused to interlace the looping warp yarn.

Fig. XIII is a similar view'showing how the shed is formed, said section being taken on the 2 plane designated XIII-XIII in Fig. XVIII.

Fig. XIV is a plan view conformable with Fig.

Fig. XV is a similar view conformable with Fig. am, but showing how the chain stitch warp thread or yarn is interlaced with the looping warp thread or yarn. a

Fig. xvr is a similar plan view to Fig. xv, but.

showing how the looping warp thread or yarn may be interlaced with the chain warp in the opposite direction. Fig. XVII is a plan view showing the shed forming means after a lateral movement preparatory to forming the sheds.

, Fig. XVIII is a similar view to the preceding 40 descended position.

FIg XDI is a like view showing the shed forming means in the' normal or initial position, with the weft yarn beaten-up. Figs. XX and XXa are, respectively, a crosssection and side view of the novel weaving means -as adapted for the production of a fabric in Y which one warp thread .or yarn is floated across the fabric in onedirection, and interlaced with another, and the weftthread or yarn in the re-' verse direction. I

' Figs. HI and ma are views, corresponding to Figs. 1D! and X'Xa, but showing how new loops of one of the warp threads are drawn through previously-formedloops'thereof, while the other warp threads or yarns-are floated in front of the fabric. i

I Figs. XXII and mm, as well as IQCIII and XXIlIa, areviews similar to the four immediately preceding ones, but illustrating how the warp thread or yarn-is caused to interlace with the loops of the weft thread or yarn.

Figs. XXIV and ma, as well as XXV and ma, are views similar to Figs. XX-Xifla, showing the manner of producing 9. fabric in which one of the. warp threads or laced in both directions.

Fig. XXVI is a diagrammatic view of a piece "of fabric woven in accordance with this inven- 7o;tion and in whichdouble chains are formed of the weft yarn. r Y

Figs. XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX and XXX are cross-sections showing how the various elements, in accordance with this invention, successively 75. coact. to produce the fabric shown in Fig. XXVI.

figure, but showing the shedforming'means in.

yarnsis inter- I set forth.

Referringmore in detail first to Figs. I-X, in-

clusive, the reference numeral I designates astationary member or 'rail having projecting warp guide-fingers 2, with intervening loopforming instrumentalities 3; while 4 comprehensively indicates the movable reed. Eachguide finger 2 is provided with a base or main-warp guide-eye 5, and, at its free end, with a notch 6 for a purpose later on explained.

Suitably mounted with capacity for lateral and vertical-"reciprocation, in respect to' the guide fingers 2 and loop-forming instrumentalities 3, is a shedding means which includes parallel bars 1, 8, respectively affording dependent-support for binder-warp guide-fingers or heddles 9 and loopdrawing instrumentalities I 0. Each heddle 9 is provided with a binder-warp guide-eye I i, and each loop-forming instrumentality ill with a notch l2 at its free end; while intermediate the loop-forming instrumentalities i0 and supported from the bar 8 are comb-members or fingers l3 having their lower ends concaved, or otherwise suitably shaped, at H -fora purpose hereinafter Having briefly described the various instrumentalities illustrated in Figs. I-X, inclusive, it is to be noted that alternating main and binder warp threads or yarns. l5, l6, respectively, are supplied thereto from spools or beams, not shown. Each main-warp thread or yarn I5 is preferably drawn below the stationary rail I, from its source of supply, through the eye 5 of an associated guide finger 2 to the point of crossover or interlacing with the'weft thread- I1..' Somewhat similarly, each binder-warp; thread or yarn i6 is preferably drawn over the top of the'stationary rail I, from its source of .supply, through the guide-eye I l of an associated heddle 9. and over the adjacent loop-forming instrumentality 3 to the point of interlacing with the main warp and weft threads or yarns l5, I1.

- In accordance with the form of the invention just described, the manner of forming the points of and effecting the interlacing-or knit-weaving of the respective threads or yarnsl5, l6 and IT, at the crossovers is as follows:

Assuming the various instrumentalities occupy the respective positions indicated in Fig.-V, relative to the fabric F, after the immediately-preceding knit-weave or interlacings have been beaten-up bythe reed 4, the bars 1, 8, while elevated as in Fig. I, are first moved laterally from the position shown in Fig. V to that of Fig. VI, with corresponding transfer of the heddles 9, shed-forming instrumentalities l0 and fingers l3, for the distance 10f one gait, or approximately that intervening the respective main warps l5. with incidental laying of the binder warps l6 across the free ends of the loop-forming instrumentalities 3 and in the notches 6 of the guidefingers 2. The shedding means including the Informing the sheds, it is to be observed that I1 is thrown by a shuttle or other suitable means.

the bar 8 carrying the loop-forming instrumen talities-lll and fingers 13 moves downwards, followed by the bar carrying the heddles 9, with incidental drawing of loops from the mainwarp l5 and loops of the binder warp It by the fingers I3, through which the weft i1 isthrown to effect the. knit-weave or interlacing of said warps and auras I 3 weft at the crossovers, will be clearly understood from Figs. V-VII, more particularly. The bars I, 8 are then elevated and moved back to the position of Fig. V, with concurrent beating-up of the interlacings L against the fabric F by the reed I, asdepicted in Fig. VH1. It will thus be j seen that the binder warp i0 is interlaced with the main warp l5 and weft I! at their point of crossover, while said binder warp is floated diagonally between the points of interlacing L alternately in opposite directions. It will also be readily understood that fabric F may be produced with the means described by a one gait motion in one direction and a reversal; or, such fabric may be produced by a two or more gait motions in one direction followed by correspond-- ing motions in the reverse direction, according to the degree of openness and pattern desired.

Referring now to Figs. XI-XIX, inclusive, which depicta modified means and manner of producing fabric in accordance with this-invention, characterized by chain loops formed of one warp thread or yarn, all elements and parts corresponding to those previously described have like reference characters applied thereto with anadded exponent a; in order to avoid unnecessary repetitive explanatory matter. Primary, the differing elements comprise the showing of a fabric-supporting bed or beam l8, and thestructural addition of a needle-bar It, a stationary sinker bar 20, and a reciprocative or otherwise movable comb 2|; whereby, at each lateral motion of the heddles 8a and loop-forming instrumentalities Illa, the, binder warp "a is .tied in,

" the needles 22 of the needle-bar I9 operating to pierce the fabric F and catch the main warp |5a. atthe back of the fabricF' or vice versa, as desired; beard needles with presser edges being preferably employed for the flnersage threads or yarns, and latch needles for the coarser grades of thread or yarn.

4 Assuming now that the various parts or copperating instrumentalities occupy the respective positions shown in-Figs. XI and XIV, or, when the reed 4a is finally beating up the previously formed interlacings L with the comb 2| projected into position at the back of the weft thread or yarn Ila, by suitable means not shown, to prevent back movement of the fabric F, the reed la recedes to the position of Fig-.XII. Concurrent with such recession of the reed 4a, the heddles 9a move laterally and descend, while the loop-forming instrumentalities Ilia. remain stationary. The comb'bar 2| then moves from .the position of .Fig. XI to that of Fig. XII, and the needles 22 of forming 'instrumentalities Illa move laterally. in,

' the first explained direction tl ilgrxvnf and' thereupon descend to form the shed 8*, Figs.- XIII and XVIII, as before described. The weft thread or yarn Ha is now thrown through the shed S while the loop-forming instrumentalities' Ida recede, followed by the heddles 9a, to the starting position above the reed la, as indicated in Fig. XI, forpassase of said reed forwards.

The, reed la heats up to a position lust in advance .of the downward starting point for the heddles 9a and below that ofthe loop-forming to form a new shed S while the comb 2| recedes and beats up again as aforesaid with resultantdrawing of new loops 23 by the needles 22.

Referring now to Figs.\XX-}Q III which illustrate a still further mannenand means for producing fabric in accordance with this invention, as previously indicated corresponding parts are designated by similar'reference' characters but in this instance havingvthe exponent b. The. characteristic distinction of this form of fabric F residesin the fact that one of the threads or yarns for convenience hereinafter termed the warp, is floated'in one direction and interlaced with the other thread or yarn, for a like reason termed the weft, in the reverse direction.

Assuming that the various cooperating instrumentalities occupy the position shown in Figs. XX and XXa; that is to say the respective parts are ready for the front'motion, with the several warp threads or yarns lib individually-threaded, from supply, through the slots 25 of 'a jacquard controlled guide-bar 28; and the respective weft threads or' yarns llb, likewise from supply, through the guide eyes Nb of the heddle-flngers 8b, said warps |5b are moved two gaits to the left-hand, as indicated by the dot-and-dash lines .ln Fig. XXa, when the front. comb 21 is suitably moved upwards over the rectilinear patl. indicated at P, Fig. XX to beat up floats' f of thethread or yarn warps lib. to the position shown in Figs. XXI and XXIa, or in front of the fabric F The hook bar 28 next elevates and the hooks 29 thereof pierce the previouslyformed loops hot the fabric F and engage the'weft threads or yarns IIb on the side of the heddle-ilngers to nearest said fabric, asindicated in Figs. XXI and XXia, whereupon new;

loops 23b are drawn to the front of the fabric F. as shown in Figs. xxx: and XXlIa, as they hookbar 28 partially recedes. The rear comb illfthereupon moves downwardly over the curvilinear path P', indicated 'in'Fig; XXII to its 'lowestposition, when the warps lib are moved two gaits to the right-hand, or from the dotand-dash line positionxto thefull line position in said figure, which transfers or places the warps lbb to the back of the; new or interlacing Iooph 231), as will-be fully understood on .an inspection of Figs. XXII and XXIIa. The rearcomb 30 is now moved forwards over the rectangular course marked P to beat up new interlacing warps 3|, or tothe position of Figs. XXIII and XXIIIa. As the hooks 29 of the hook-bar 28 now swing rearwards through the gaits formed by the warps IE1), or towards the back of the fabric F", where they hold the loops 23b in position for'penet'ration' by the heddle-fingers 9b feeding-in the interlacing threador yarn wefts llb for completion'of the stitches 24b, in an obvious manner.

To complete the cycle, the hook-bar '28 next swings forwardly, to release the stitches 24b for retention by the heddle-fingers 8b and descends, followed by the front comb/i1 which now traverses the curvilinear path marked P in Fig. XX, or to its lowermost position. Obviously, the guide bars 26 may be moved at'the front or back motion any desired number of gaits, limited only moved or-not'moved. Also, the warps lib can' by the gage of the various doppers of the jacquard, not shown, in either direction. Furthermore, the number of guide bars 26 used may also vary from one upwards to anydesired extent depending on the design of the machine to which the invention is applied. Still further, it will be readily appreciated, by those conversant with theart, that the just described form of this invention covers the production of a double-action fabric, or one in which there are two motions for each point of interlacing L".

In other words, the warps lib are tied-inbefore all the odd motions such as 1, 3, 5,'etc., when moved in direction; while they will not tie-in before the even motions 2, 4, 6, etc., whether float when moved on the front motion, as well as whenthey remain-in their respective gaits on the back motion.

Referring now to Figs. XXIV-XXVa, inclusive, which depict another modified means for the production of fabric in which interlacings are effected with each motion or in both directions, corresponding parts are, as previously, designated by the same reference characters, but with the added exponent c. The fabric F supporting bed or beam lie is provided with stepped-projections 32 having inclined notchings 33 for purposes later on understood, while a reciprocative needle bar l9c having spring-beard needles 34 is included in the cooperating instrumentalities shown. In this single-action method, or further modified form of the invention, the fabric F is formed by the warps lie beingmoved laterally, as before described, whereupon the springbeard needles 34 are moved through the gaits 7 formed incident to elevation of either comb 21c or 30c, after each movement of the guide bar 260'. The spring-beard needles 34 then engage the weft or interlacing threads or yarns lie, in front of the warps lie, to draw fresh loops 230. Fig. XXV, in themanner hereinbefore set forth, to effect tyeing-in or completion of the interlacings L9. Otherwise the various moves and motions are the same as described in connection with Figs. XX-XX[IIa, excepting that the warps I 50 are not floated acrossthe face of the fabric F.

Referring now to Figs. which illustrate still another modified means suitable for producing a double-chain stitch ii of the weft threads or yarns lid for interlacing by the warps lid, it is to be noted there are employed' two, or front and rear, needle-bars Ii, 31, respectively, having latch needles 38, 3!; ,opposing weft thread or yarn stationary guide-bars ll, 40'; and vertically-movable front and rear combs ll, 42, having their upper portions 43, 44, respectively, bent towards each other at rightangles relative to their main finger or shank portions. In this single-action two-needle type of the invention, the newly formed loops 23d must bar 26d and incident beating-up of the warps lid by the front comb 43, Fig. m; or vice XXVI-xxx, inclusive,

verss. The needles of the rear needle bar 81 upon forward movement engage the front-wefts lid to draw new loops 23d, as shown by dot-anddash lines in Fig. XXIX, whereupon the rear comb 42 descends, Fig.4, in readiness for 4 subsequent beating-up of fresh warps lid. After the loops 28d have been transferred to the front needles ii, the following motions of the various parts, to complete the knit-weave cycle, are similar but opposed relative to those above described, with respect to the fabric-F in connection with the rear wefts "d. In other words, in the single-action two-needle type of effecting a knit-weave as Just described one needle-bar moves from the rear, for example, through the various gaits ,of the associated comb after the motions of the-diiferent warpseifected by their guide bar, and engages the interlacings or wefts from the front; and the other needle-bar moves from the front, for example, through the various galts formed, as before, and engages the inter lacings or wefts from the rear or vice versa.

From the foregoing, and without further elaboration, it is thought the gist of the invention, as well as its advantages, will be clearly apparent so that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily vary'the same for embodiment in different machines adapted to 'the production of lace, porous or similar net fabrics, without eliminating certain characteristic features .that may be properly said constitute the essential items of novelty involved, which items I intend to be defined and secured to me by the following claims.

Having thus described my invention. I claim: 1. The method of producing a net fabric which consists in throwing a weft thread across a pmrality of warp threads incident to lateral movement of, the latter, and forming complete twists in one motion by interlacing alternate warp threads with the other warp and weft threads at the crossover points. 2. The method of producing a net fabric which 3 consists in throwing a weft thread back and forth through a plurality of warp'threads incident to lateral movement and shedding of the latter, and forming complete twists in one motion by interlacing alternate warp threadswith the other warp ing alternate warps over the other warps as well r as under and over the weft thread at the crossover Points.

4. The method of producing a net fabric whichv consistsin throwing a weft thread across alternating main and binder warp threads and interlacing said threads in one motion by twisting the binder warps over the main warps as well as under and over the weft thread at the crossover points .of' such main warp and weft threads. 5. The method of producing a'net fabric which consists in throwing a weft thread through alternating main and binder warp threads incident to lateral movement of said binder warp threads a predetermined extent in continuously-reversing directions with shedding of said warp threads, and interlacing such weft and main warp threads in one motion by twisting the binder'warps over said main as well as over and under the weft thread at the crossover points of such main and weft threads.-

6. "Ihe method of producing a net fabric which consists in throwing a weft threadthroughalternating main and binder warp threads incident to lateral movement of the binder warp threads one gait in successively-reversing directions with attendant sheddingof said warps; and interlac- -shedding thereof, and interlacing said warp threads in one motion with the weft thread at their crossover points incident to continuous chain stitching of the one warp thread and loopingtherewith of the other.

.8. The method of producing a net fabric which.

consists 'in' throwing'a weft thread across alternating main and binder warp threads-incident "to lateral movement of said binder .warp threads with attendant shedding thereof, and interlacing the main and binder warp threads in one mo tion with the weft thread at their crossover points by continuous chain stitching of the main warp threads interlooping therewith of the binder warp threads. K

9. The method of producing a net fabric which consists in throwing a weft thread across alternating .main and binder warp threads incident to lateral movement of the binder warp threads with attendant shedding thereof, and interlacing saidmain and binder warp threads with "the weft thread by continuouschain stitching of the main warp thread, and by twisting the binder warp threads over the main warp threads as well as .under, over and under the weft threads, and loopa ing said binder threads through the chain stitches.

10. The method of producing anet fabric which consists in throwing a weft thread across alternating main and binder warp threads 'incident to lateral, movement of the binder warp threads in a predetermined direction and extentwith attendant shedding thereof, and interlacing said main and binder warp threads with the weft' thread by continuous chain stitching of them'ain warp thread, by twisting the binder warp threads over the main warp threads as well as under, over and under the weft threads at 'their'-,crossover points, and by looping the binder thread contin- 7 uously through the chain stitched main warp thread both at the crossover points aforesaid as well as through'any intervening stitches deter mined by the gait of the warp threads.

11. The methodof producing a fabric which consists in throwing plural threads laterally and beating them up to form floats, drawing new loops to one face of the fabric from intervening threads to complete the cycle.

17. The method of producing a fabric which consists in throwing main warp threads laterally through previously-formed stitches thereof and -casting said stitches, throwing the plural threads laterally in the next motion to effect their placement at the back of the newly drawn loops aforesaid, beating-up the just thrown threads to effect interlacing of the plural and intervening threads, and then returning the loops to the fabric to complete the cycle.

\ 12.'The method .of producing a, fabric which .consists in throwing plural warp threads laterally and beating them up to, form floats, drawingnew loops to the fro t of the fabric from plural weft threads through previously-formed stitches thereof and casting said stitches, throwing the 'of the main warp complete the cycle.

predetermined extent and beatin the other face of .ing the main warp sponding extent to effect placement of the mini plural warp threads laterally iri the-next motion to effect'placement thereof at the back of the newly drawn'loops aforesaid, again beating up the warp threads to effect interlacing of thewarp and weft threads, andthen returning said loops to the rear of thefabric to complete the'cycleJ .13. The method of producing a fabric which consists in throwing plural warp threads laterally and beating them up to form floats, drawing new loops at right-angles toward one face of thefabric from intervening warp threads through previously-formed chain stitches thereof and casting the latter, again throwing the plural warp threads laterally in the next motion to effect their placement at the back of the newly drawn loops, beat-.

ing-up the last mentioned thrown threads to effect interlacing of the respective threads at their,

crossover points, and then returning the loops aforesaid to the other face of the fabric.

14. The method of producing a fabric which consists in throwing a weft thread across alternating main and interlacing warp threads incident to lateral movement of the interlacing warps to form floats, drawing new loops to the front .of the fabric from the main warp threads "through previously-formed chain stitches thereof and casting the latter, again throwing the interlacing warp threads laterally in the next motion to effect their placement at the back of the newly-drawn loops and beating them'up to effect tieing-iri of said interlacing warp threads at the crossover points threads and the weft thread. and pushing said loops to the back of the fabric to 15. The method of producing a. fabric which consists in throwing plural maih warp threads laterally a predetermined extent and beating-upthe same to form floats across one face of the fabric, drawing new loops from plural interlacing threads through previously-formed stitches thereof held toward the face of the fabric and casting said stitches, throwing the plural main warp 0, threads laterally a corresponding extent to effect placement of the mainthreads at the back of the newly drawn loops and beating them up to tie-in said main andinterlacing threads, and then returningthe loops aforesaid to the rear of the fabric to complete'the cycle.

16. The methodofproducing a fabric which consists in throwing plural main warps laterally a up the same to form floats across one face of th ing new loops from alternatingly-arranged interlacing warps through previously-formed stitches thereof held toward the. face of the fabric and casting said stitches, throwing the main warps,

laterally in a reverse direction a corresponding extent to effect placement of the mainwarp floats at the back of the newly drawn loops and beating them up to t'ie-in said'main and interlacing warps,

fabric, drawand then pushing the loops aforesaid rearwardly warp threads at the back of thenewly drawn loops and beating them up to tie-in said main and iriterlacing warps, and then pushing the loops afore- 4 v K threads through previously-formed said to the back ofthe fabric to complete the cycle. I

18. The method of producing a fabric from main and interlacing warp threads by lateral throwing of certain main warps a predetermined extent to' form floats thereof beating up said main warps, drawing new loops to the front of the fabric from interlacing warp-threads through previously formed stitches thereof and casting said stitches, beating-upcertain warp threads laterally thrown a predetermined extent to efiect interlacing of the warp threads and said certain main warp threads only, allowing other warp threads.

20. The method of producing a fabric which consists in throwing plural main threads laterally a predetermined extent in constantly-reversing directions and beating-up said main threads .to form floats, drawing new loops from plural interlacing threads through previously-formed chain stitches held on the loop drawing instrumentalities after each lateral throw of the main threads and casting of the stitches aforesaid,

whereby the main threads are looped twice through the consecutive stitches formed of the interlacing threads.

21. The method of producing a fabric which consists in throwing plural main threads laterally a predetermined extent in constantly-reversing directions and beating-up said main threads to form gaits, drawing new loops in one. direction from opposingly-fed interlacing threads through previously-formed loops held on suitable instrumentalities, transferring said new loops to an opposed set of such instrumentalitiesbefore the succeeding lateralthrow of the mainthreads, and beating-up new gaits with attendant drawing of fresh loops from the opposingly-fed interlacing threads and casting of those previously formed,

whereby the main warp threads are looped through double-chain interlacing stitches incidental to each lateral throw of the main threads.

'22. The method of producing a fabric which consists in throwing plural main threads laterally a predetermined extent in constantly-reversing directions and beating-up said main threads to form gaits, feeding-in opposed sets of interlacing threads and drawing new loops from the one set toward the back of the fabric, by suitable instrumentalities, through previously formed loops, of the opposing set of interlacing threads, held thereon, transferring said new loops to an opposed set of such instrumentalities before the succeeding lateral throw of the main threads, and

beating-up new main thread gaits, with attendant drawing of fresh loopsfrom the opposing set of interlacingthreads toward the front of the fabric, and casting of the first-mentioned new loops, whereby the main threads are looped through double-chain interlacing thread stitches the width of the fabric.

incidental to each lateral throw of the warp threads. 7

23. The method of producing net fabric which comprises throwing a weft thread across a plurality of warp threads and forming complete twists in alternate warp threads about the weft at the points of intersection of the latter with the remaining warps, with each such alternate warp passing under and over the weft at one side of the adjacent warp, and under the weft'at the opposite side of said adjacent warp.

. 24. The method of producing a net fabric which comprises moving longitudinal warp and weft threads laterally in predetermined manner, beating-up the laterally moved threads to form shedways, at right angles with respect to the width of the fabric, for loops to be drawn through previously formed loops from interlacing warps on the opposite sideof the fabric.

25. A method in accordance with claim 24 wherein predetermined warp threads form a transverse shedway of one or more complete 'cycles of twists around one lateral motion of the A weft thread.

26. A method in accordance with claim 24 wherein certain warp threads form a transverse shedway of loops for a weft thread to pass through and twist under, and over and under the weft thread at one throw of said weft thread'across 27. In means for producing net fabric including weft throwing means and beat-up mechanism, the combination of stationary main-warp guide-fingers with intervening loop-forming instrumentalities, each said finger having a guideeye and notched free end, and reciprocatory bars one of which carries binder-warp guide-fingers and the other has loop-drawing instrumentalities with intervening combing elements; each last mentioned finger having a guide-eye, the loop drawing instrumentalities being notched at their termini, and the combing'elements having cut-.

away free ends.

28. In means for producing net fabric include ing a weft throwing means and a reed; the combination of a stationary member having projecting guide-fingers for main warps with intervening loop-forming instrumentalities, said fingers each having a guide-eye and notched free end, and parallel reciprooatory bars one of which affords support for binder-warp guide-fingers and the other similarly supporting notch-ended loop-drawing fingers with intervening combing elements having concaved free ends. 7

29. The combination of claim 28 wherein the main warp guide fingers are horizontally disposed, and the parallel bars for guiding and drawing loops of'the binder warps are vertically reciprocable to effect interlacing of said binder,

warps with the main warps at the crossover points of the weft.

30. In means for producing net fabric including a weft throwing means and a reed, the combination of a stationary member having projecting guide-fingers for main warps with intervening loop-forming instrumentalities, said fingers each having a guide-eye and notched free end, parallel reciprocatory bars one of which supports binder-warp guide fingers and the other notchended loop-drawing fingers, a stationary sinker bar, a movable comb, and a needle bar effective to continuously chain stitch the main warps over the interlacing points of the binder warps and wefts.

31. In jacquard controlled means for producing fabric the combination of reciprocable guide members for the warps, movable members having guide fingers tor the weitsga movable loopdrawing hook-bar for drawing loops of said weits,

5 and relatively movable point bars, whereby the warps are floated in one lateral motion and interlaced with the weits in the other lateral motion.

32. In jacquard controlled means for produc- 411g fabric the combination of reciprocable guide 10 members for the warps, movable members having guide fingers for the wefts, a movable needle bar for continuously chain stitching the weits, relatively movable point bars, and means whereby the guide members. needle bar and point bars 15 are respectively operated to interlace the warps and weits incident to each lateral motion of the warps.

33. In jacquard controlled means for producing fabric the combination of reciprocable guide members for the warps; opposedly related stationary guide means for plural weits, relatively movable point bars, opposed intermittently-operative needle bars, andmeans whereby the guide members. point bars and needle bars are operated to interiace the warps with double-chain stitching oi the plural weits.

34. The combination of claim 33 wherein the respective needle bars operate from back to front. and vice versa, with respect 'to the fabric.

35. The combination of claim 33, wherein the relatively-movable point bars have their finger free portions bent at right-angles towards each 15 other with respect to their shanks.

. osxan BAUER.

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