US2148088A - Jacquard loom mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 21, 1939. w. H. SHORT JACQUARD LOOM MECHANISM 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 25, 1958 4 MM 3 O. 1 G Tw 7 5 5 3 g 0D g .3 v H M H A 7 W 55 Y O G 9. 2 5 e W .0 7 w 5 Wm R) Y Q m///.. AW 4 7 g .V .7 6 4H W 7x9 g W 9. l E a 0 Q l a a 5 2 w v w 6 w 5 WIN-44,1

Feb. 21, 1939. w. H. SHORT JACQUARD LOOM MECHANISM 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 25, 1938 awue/wf Qb WADE H. SHORT Feb. 21, 1939. w. H. SHORT I JACQUARD LOOM MECHANISM 4 She'etsSheet Filed April 25, 1958 /HVEHTOR WADE H. SHORT Feb. '21, 1939. 1 T' 2,148,088

JACQUARD DOOM MECHANISM Filed April 25, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR: WADE H. 5/4021- Patented Feb. 21, 1939 PATENT OFFICE 2,148,088 JACQUARD LOOM MECHANISM Wade H. Short, Kings Mountain, N. C'., assignor to N eisler Mills,

Incorporated, Kings Mountain,

N. a corporation of North Carolina Application April 25,

Claims.

This invention relates to Jacquard looms, and more 'especially to an attachment placed upon the conventional blade of a Jacquard loom head, whereby the hook can be made to lift to any desired height not exceeding the original limits,

and at the same time not render the Jacquard head' incapable'of lifting the hooks to the original high position.

It is a well-knownfact that plush-type Jacquard looms are used for simultaneously weaving apair of fabrics, one above the other, and also for interweaving a pile fabricinto both fabrics so that thispile can be cut subsequent to weaving, thereby leaving a; tufted effect upon the two proxi mate faces of the fabrics. Such a construction necessitatesthree warps, namely, a top ground warp, a bottom group The ground warps are actuated to form sheds by conventional heddleframes, whereas each individual pileen'd is actuated by a suitable hook in the Jacquard head. Also since there are two fabrics woven at the same time, it naturally follows that means must be provided for simultaneously providing two sheds through which two shuttlesmay be thrown back and forth to supply the filling. These sheds are disposed one above the other, and the fillings from both shuttles are beat up by a commonreed. I

Heretofore, it has been the practice to interweave the pile fabric by raising these ends from beneath both sheds to the upper portion of the top shed, and then lowering them to original position thereby causing both fabrics to have this pile thread Woven therein. -The pile thread is used to-produce a-design in both pieces of cloth and in conventional weaving when there is no necessity for a design in the cloth the pile ends remain down below the lowermost shed. When two fabrics are woven, with the pile thread in lowered position, the lowermost fabric willhave the design forming pile threads floated on the lower side thereofh This mass of floated pile warp on the back of-one piece of cloth produces a veryunsightly effect and also makes it very easy for the pile threads of this particular fabric to hang upon some obj'ectand be pulled out of the cloth, since all of the interwoven pile ends are severed subsequent to weaving to produce a tufted appearance on the proximate facesof the fabrics.

It1is, therefore, an. object of this invention to provide anattachment for weaving a pile fabric one, double shuttle plush loom which will enable the weaver to weave in the back of one of the pieces of plushthe pile ends that are not being woven as pile figures, instead of letting the pile warp, and a pile warp,

1938, Serial No. 204,129

ends float on the back of the cloth. This result can be produced without any additional designing cost for the cloth design. The pile ends are Woven into the lowermost fabric, when these ends are not being used to form apile figure, by merely lifting 5 these pile ends along with the upperportion of the lowermost ground shed which forms the lowermost fabric.

In other words, where thepile ends are not beingused to form a figure these pile ends, upon 10 each alternate pick of the loom, are substantially raised one half as high as they are raised when the pile ends are being used as an ornament and being interwoven in both of the fabrics. By merely raising the pilein'this manner, it is evident that the lowermost shuttle will pass beneath this pile end, whereas the uppermost shuttle will pass above it; consequently, the uppermost fabric will nothave this end woven therein, but the lowermost fabric will contain this end as a part of the warp.

By interweaving the pile ends a much neater piece of cloth will be produced by the lower ground warp, and at the same time these pile ends can be substituted for an equal number of ground ends in the bottom fabric, because they are interwoven, this will effect a considerable saving in the number of ends in the ground warp. Heretofore, the pile warp could not be counted upon as a part of the ground warp because in many places it was floated for an inch or more on the back of the cloth.

More specifically, this invention is a piece of V-shaped metal approximately the length of a Jacquard head blade, and is attached or forms an integral part thereof at any desired distance below the top edge of the blade, not exceeding the maximum shed of the Jacquard. The top edge of this blade lifts the hooks in the conventional manner and when one of the hooks engages the top edge of this blade, a pile end is lifted to an elevation where it will beinterwoven into both pieces of fabric. The V-shaped member is adapted to catch all of thehooks not caught by the upper blade and these hooks will be raised to thereby raise the pile ends substantially to a point midway between the two pieces of cloth, so that the pile fabric will be woven as warp, in the lower fabric only. i It is a further object of this invention to provide an additional blade for a Jacquard loom of the class described which is adjustably mounted on the lower portion of the conventional J acquard blade and which may be adjusted to differcut elevations to conform to the type of fabric which is being woven.

It is, of course, understood that the pile threads, which are not used for forming designs, are woven at all times where designs do not occur, to form the tufts of the main portion of the two fabrics and when a pattern calls for the raising of a design forming pile thread, this supplants the other non-design forming pile threads.

Some of the objects of the invention having been stated other objects will appear as the description proceeds, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a transverse sectional view through a portion of a Jacquard loom showing the invention applied thereto;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the upper portion of Figure 1 showing the Jacquard head;

Figure 3 is an isometric view of the improved blade which is adapted to be associated with the Jacquard head;

Figure 4 is an elevation looking at the righthand side of the Jacquard head as shown in Figure 2;

Figure 5 is an isometric detail view showing a pattern card in position for operating the needles and hooks of the Jacquard head to cause the pile ends to be raised by the improved blade;

Figure 6 is a sectional view through the Jacquard blade, showing its position relative to the hook when the blade is in lowermost position;

Figure '7 is a view similar to Figure 6, but showing the position of the hooks after one of said hooks has been actuated by the pattern card and needle to cause the same to be pushed to a position where its hook will not be engaged by the upper edge of the blade;

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure '7, but showing the blade and one hook after being raised to a slightly higher elevation;

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, but showing the blade and top hooks after being raised to a still higher elevation and also after the bottom hook has been allowed to move inwardly so as to engage the bottom edge of the blade;

Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9, but showing the blade after it has been raised to a still higher position and after both hooks have been allowed to engage their respective edges of the blade;

Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the various positions which the pile warp occupies during the knitting of a pair of pile fabrics;

Figure 12 is an end elevation of a blade embodyng a slightly modified form of the invention;

Figure 13 is an exploded isometric view of the blade shown in Figure 12.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the numeral In (Figure 1) denotes a conventional lay of a Jacquard loom which has a reed H installed therein through which top ground warp I2, bottom ground warp l3, and pile warp M are adapted to extend. A shed is formed from the top ground warp I2 by means of conventional heddle frames l5 and 16. Through this shed a shuttle I1 is adapted to be impelled back and forth. The bottom ground warp l3 has a suitable shed formed therefrom by means of similar heddle frames l8 and I9 and through this shed the bottom shuttle 20 is adapted to travel. The pile warp I4 is raised or lowered by means of suitable heddles 25, there being a heddle for each particular pile warp end. Secured to the lower portion of each of these heddles is a cord 21, said cord projecting upwardly through harness board 28 and having its upper end connected to the lower end of suitable wire 29 in the Jacquard head 30.

The ground warps l2 and I3 are woven into upper and lower fabrics 35 and 36, respectively, neither fabric containing any of the ground warp of the other. The pile warp I4, however, is raised and lowered so as to be interwoven with both fabrics Where a design is being formed; and subsequent to the interweaving of this pile warp, it is severed midway between the two pieces of fabric, thereby forming a pair of fabrics having their proximate faces tufted.

The loom shown in Figure 1 is provided with a suitable gauge bar 32 and a knife 33 which knife oscillates back and forth on knife rail 34 to sever the pile warp l4 which has been interwoven in both pieces of fabric 35 and 36. After the interwoven pile fabric has been severed by knife 33 the upper and lower pieces of plush 35 and 36 pass over rollers 31 and 38, respectively, to their respective cloth rolls (not shown). Where it is desired to vary the length of the tufts, or severed ends of the pile fabric l4, between the two pieces of plush 35 and 36, suitable gauge knives such as indicated by reference characters 39 (Figure 1) of the desired width may be inserted between these two fabrics. The ground warps l2 and 13 have filling ends 4| and 42,'respectively, therein, around which the plush is also woven at the points where an ornamentation is desired to be produced on the proximate faces of the two fabrics.

By referring to Figure 11 it is seen that where it is desired to interweave the pile ends l4 into both pieces of plush 35 and 36, it is necessary to raise the pile end [4 to bold line position. At this time the end I4 is disposed above the shuttle l consequently, the filling ends 41 and 42, carried by the shuttles l1 and 20 through their respective sheds, will both be disposed below the pile ends at this particular pick. On the other hand if it is only desired to interweave this pile end 14 at the bottom fabric 36, then it will only be necessary to raise this end to a position substantially midway between the two shuttles I1 and 20, this position, also being shown in dotted line.

In the use of a single lift, two shuttle plush loom, on each alternate pick, all of the hooks rest in a lowermost position, thereby causing the pile ends M to assume the lowermost dotted line position below the shuttle 20 in Figure 11. In other words, the pile end !4 has three positions, namely, top, intermediate and lowermost. This will enable the filling to be woven in each piece of cloth. The raising of these pile ends 14 at the desired point, and at the desired time in the cloth is controlled by the mechanism in the Jacquard head 30, which will be presently described.

Each of the wires 29 have a down-turned hook portion 29 integral with the upper end thereof, which is adapted to engage either the top edge 45 or a bottom edge 46 of a blade 41. The blades 41 are secured to heads 48 by any suitable means such as bolts 49, said bolts penetrating suitable holes 50 in each end of blade 41. Heads 48 are supported by vertically disposed rods 5| which, in turn, are slidably mounted in side frames 52 which support the Jacquard head.

Pivoted to each head 48 as at 56, is a link 51, said link having its lower end pivoted as at 58 to a lever 59. Each of these levers is mounted for rocking motion as at 60 to a bracket 6|, which brackets are mounted upon beams 62. The arm 59 raises head 48 upon alternate picks of the sides of the frames loom, carrying with it the knives 41 and the wires 29 whose hooks 29 engage the edges 45 and 46. Each frame 52 has extending from its side a pair of suitable lugs 63 in which is slidably mounted a transversely disposed shaft 64, one end of said shaft supporting the ends of a suitable pattern cylinder 65 as at 66. Fixedly secured upon the intermediate portion of each shaft 64 is an upright member 61 having a slot '68 therein. Suitable rollers 69 are adapted to slide up and down in slots 68 and these rollers are secured to the exterior of lifting heads 48. Since the rollers 69 reciprocate vertically, and since the slots 68 are cut at an inclined angle, it is evident that when the heads 48 move up and down that the rollers 68 will cause the uprights 61 and their associated shafts 64 to reciprocate transversely of the frames 52, (see Figure 4). This reciprocation will move the pattern cylinder 65 toward and away from the frames.

For each vertically disposed wire 29 there is a transversely disposed needle 1'0 (Figure which is slidably mounted in the horizontally disposed channels 1| and 12 (Figure 4) secured to opposite 52. By referring to Figure 5 it is seen that each needle has a bend 10a. therein which partially encircles the intermediate portion of wire 29. The left-hand end of needle 10 has a hooked portion 10b integral therewith which slidably hooks around bar 13, said bar being fixedly secured in transverse channel ll. Disposed around the end of needle member 68 and adjacent the bar 13 is a compression spring 14 said spring being confined on the needle 10 by 1: means of a suitable washer 15, this washer being fixed to theneedle. Normally the spring 14 tends to .force the hook portion 10b into engagement with vertically disposed bar 13, at which time the upper hooked portions 29a of the wires 29 are disposed in such a position that the edges 45 or 46 of blade 41. will engage the same when the blade rises from lowermost position.

The right-hand end of needles (6 (Figure 5) are actuated by a suitable pattern card 16, said card having holes 11 in each end thereof which fit over projections 16 extending from the pattern cylinder 65. The cards 16 are tiedtogether by suitable strings 19 thereby forming a complete pattern broadly designated by the reference character 80. Upon each alternate pick of the loom, the pattern cylinder 65 moves toward the right-hand end of the needles 10 (Figures 4 and 5), and at the same time carries with it a pattern card 16. It will be noted that in the present instance that the pattern card has four longitudinal rows of perforations therein, namely, BI, 62, 83, and 84. As this card is moved toward the end of the needles 16, it is evident that either a perforation will allow the end of the needle to pass through this card, or if there is not a perforation at the point of contact, then the needle 10 will be pushed to the left against the compression of spring 14, thereby forcing the wire 29 to dotted line position as shown in Figure 5. The manner in which the perforations are cut in the cards [6 depends upon the type of figure, or design, which is desired to be woven in the fabric. It should be stated, however, that if the end of the needle 10 penetrates a hole in the card 16, then the wire member 29 will remain in stationary position, and as the blade 41 is raised by the heads 48, the upper edge 45 will engage the hook 29a on the upper end of the wire 29. This will cause the heddle to raise this particular pile end 14 to the highest position, which is inline with the upper portion of the upper shed formed by the ground warp l2, and which is above both shuttles I1 and 20.

The cylinder 65 and the card 16 move towards the ends of the needles, as the head members 48 approach lowermost position. Therefore, if the top edge 45 engages the projection 29a the pile thread will be interwoven into both pieces of fabric and 36.

Let us suppose that the right-hand end of the needle 76 contacts a blank space on the card 76. Then asthe heads 48 are lowered, the cylinder 65 and card 16 will move against the needle l6 and cause a wire 29 to be moved to the left (Figure 5), thereby causing a hook 29a to be moved from bold line position to dotted line position where the upper edge will not engage the hook 49a. At the time these hook members are actuated the knife 41 is moving beneath the hooks 29a. After one of the hook members 29 has been actuatedso as to move a hook 2901. out of the upward path of edge 45 of blade 41, the blade begins to rise from the position shown in Figure 7, gradually assuming the position as shown in Figure 8, at which time the hook 29a which has not been actuated by a needle 10, will engage the top edge 45. The blade 41, gradually rises from the position shown in Figure 8 to the position shown in Figure 9, and during this upward travel the pattern cylinder and 16, are being moved gradually away from of needles 76. which has been actuated by a needle 10, will gradually move to the right, under the compression of spring 14, to cause its projection 29a to move into the upward path of travel of the lower edge 46. From the position shown in Figure 9, the blade 41 continues its upward travel causing the lower hook 26a on wire 29 to engage the edge 46 thereby carrying this pile end I 4 upwardly. With the hook members 29a in the position shown in Figure 10, the pile end carried by the upper hook member, will be disposed in the uppermost portion of the shed formed from upper ground warp l2 and above the shuttle I! to be interwoven in both fabrics, whereas the lowermost hook member will carry its associated pile end upwardly to a point substantially midway between the two shuttles and in the upper portion of the lower shed formed from the ground warp l3. It is, therefore, seen that by using this additional edge 46 on the blades 41 that the pile end will be raised at least to a position where it will serve as a warp thread in the lowermost fabric 36 on each alternate pick, even though this pile end is not being used to form, a figure at this particular point. This eliminates floating the pile end on the lower side of fabric 36 where it is not being used to form a figure.

Figures the ends 12 and 13 show a slightly modified form of blade which may be used on conventional Jacquard blades where it is not convenient to replace the entire blade. The conventional blade is designated by the reference character 85 and has suitable holes 86 in each end thereof, whereby it is attached to the heads 48 in the same manner that the blades heretofore described were attached to this head by means of screws 49. Suitable holes 8! are bored in the lower edge of blade 85 through which bolts 88 are adapted to be placed. The bolts 88 also penetrate slots 89 in V-shaped plate 90. This plate is equipped with an edge 9| which serves the same function as the edge 46 of knife 41. In this form the edges the card wire and its associated During this movement the wire 29 i 85 and 9| occupy the same relative position as the edges 45 and 46 of the blade 41 and perform the same function. The chief advantage in providing a separate member 90 is that the 01d blade can be used when equipping old looms with the present invention and also an appreciable amount of vertical adjustment between these two edges can be had by merely loosening the bolts 88 and sliding the member 90 vertically relative to the member 85 until the proper distance between the respective edges is obtained.

Another advantage of this particular invention is that should a hook accidentally drop from the blade it will not be bent or otherwise be made unfit for further service by the mechanical lowering of the attachment. This is evident because it is seen that the bottom edge of the blade 41, as well as the bottom side of the member 9|] is knife-edged. Also the top side of the projection 29a is bent downwardly, thereby providing a pair of cam surfaces which will engage each other should the needle drop downwardly and be disposed below the blades while the head 48 is travelling downwardly.

In the drawings and specification, there has been set forth a preferred embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only, and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the appended claims:

I claim:

1. In a Jacquard loom having a perforated pattern and needles for engaging the perforated pattern, a hook controlled by each needle, perforations in the pattern allowing movement of the needles and hooks carried thereby, means for moving the pattern towards and away from the needles, an individual heddle attached to each hook, a plurality of vertically reciprocable blades, the upper edge of said blades being adapted to engage the hooks associated with the needles resting in perforations in the pattern and raise them while the pattern is moved away from the needles to allow the other needles to move in the direction of movement of the pattern to allow their hooks to move toward the blades after its upper edge has passed over the other hooks, and a laterally and upwardly directed extension on the lower portion of the blades for engaging the hooks associated with the unselected needles for raising the same a predetermined amount during the upward movement of the blades.

2. In a Jacquard loom having heddle frames for forming upper and lower sheds of warp and shuttles for the upper and lower sheds, and a plurality of individual heddles each carrying a pile thread, and a hook attached to each individual heddle and a blade for raising selected individual heddles to cause its pile thread to be woven into the upper and lower fabrics being woven, a laterally and upwardly projecting portion on the lower portion of the blade for engaging the hooks attached to the unselected individual heddles to raise the same sufiiciently for the pile threads carried thereby to serve as warp threads for the lower shed to be woven into the lower fabric as a part of the warp the lower edge of the blade having a beveled edge for displacing from the path of the blade any hooks which might not have been engaged by the blade on its upward travel.

3. In a Jacquard loom having means for weaving upper and lower fabrics and means for severing the fabrics after they are woven and also having individual heddles each carrying a pile thread and a vertically reciprocating blade for raising theindividual heddles, a hook attached to each individual heddle, means for moving the hooks of selected individual heddles into the path of the vertically reciprocating blade, to cause the pile thread carried thereby to be woven into the upper and lower fabrics to form a design a V shaped portion on the lower edge of the blade for engaging the hooks of unselected heddles for raising the same to a lesser height than the selected heddles to cause the pile threads carried by the unselected heddles to serve as a ground warp for the lower fabric, said V-shaped portion on the lower edge of the blade also serving to displace from the path of the blade any hooks which may not have been engaged by the blade on its upward travel,

4. A Jacquard loom blade having an upper edge for engaging selected hooks of individual heddle bars, having a lower laterally projecting edge for engaging the hooks of unselected heddle bars for raising the same a lesser amount than that to which the selected heddle bars are raised, and cam means on the lower edge of the blade for displacing from the path of the blade any hooks which may not have been engaged by the blade on its upward travel.

5. In a Jacquard loom having a perforated pattern and needles for engaging the perforated pattern, a hook controlled by each needle, perforations in the pattern allowing movement of the needles and hooks carried thereby, means for moving the pattern towards and away from the needles, an individual heddle attached to each hook, a plurality of vertically reciprocable blades, the upper edge of said blades being adapted to engage the hooks associated wtih the needles resting in perforations in the pattern and raise them while the pattern is moved away from the needles to allow the other needles to move in the direction of movement of the pattern to allow their hooks to move toward the blades after its upper edge has passed the other hooks, a laterally and. upwardly projecting portion carried by the lower portion of the blades for engaging the hooks associated with the unselected needles for raising the same a predetermined amount during the upward movement of the blades, and cam means on the lower edge of the blades for displacing from the paths of travel of the blades any hooks which may not have been engaged by the blades on their upward travel.

WADE H. SHORT.

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