EP1745461B1 - Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument, particularly a guitar - Google Patents
Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument, particularly a guitar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1745461B1 EP1745461B1 EP05701037A EP05701037A EP1745461B1 EP 1745461 B1 EP1745461 B1 EP 1745461B1 EP 05701037 A EP05701037 A EP 05701037A EP 05701037 A EP05701037 A EP 05701037A EP 1745461 B1 EP1745461 B1 EP 1745461B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strings
- string
- control unit
- digital signal
- guitar
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/04—Bridges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D1/00—General design of stringed musical instruments
- G10D1/04—Plucked or strummed string instruments, e.g. harps or lyres
- G10D1/05—Plucked or strummed string instruments, e.g. harps or lyres with fret boards or fingerboards
- G10D1/08—Guitars
- G10D1/085—Mechanical design of electric guitars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/12—Anchoring devices for strings, e.g. tail pieces or hitchpins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/14—Tuning devices, e.g. pegs, pins, friction discs or worm gears
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10G—REPRESENTATION OF MUSIC; RECORDING MUSIC IN NOTATION FORM; ACCESSORIES FOR MUSIC OR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. SUPPORTS
- G10G7/00—Other auxiliary devices or accessories, e.g. conductors' batons or separate holders for resin or strings
- G10G7/02—Tuning forks or like devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for automatically tuning a stringed instrument according to the preamble of claim 1. It further relates to a method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument according to the preamble of claim 11.
- the tuning of instruments generally requires not only a trained ear a lot of time, which must be applied in particular by untrained, for example, hobby instrumentalists.
- the musician works with a tuning fork, which sets the desired tone by striking and adjusts the pitch of the respective string by changing the string length or string tension. By repeatedly striking the string and the tuning fork, the result is adjusted until the desired tuning of the string is achieved. Based on this mood then the other strings are tuned.
- the strings of the instruments regularly tuned because of the constant resilience of the material Otherwise, the strings are also variable in length depending on the climatic conditions (a guitar string stretches on the stage of a concert room with the heat and humid air compared to the proportions in the comparatively dry and cool practice room) is a frequent one Voices required. Even after putting on new strings they have to be tuned.
- the system is to be welcomed in so far as it allows a speedy and automatic tuning and so in particular untrained musicians, but also the professionals a great deal of effort decreases.
- the system has a not insignificant disadvantage. It is large and chunky overall and requires considerable changes to the body of the guitar, which on the one hand have an influence on their acoustics (sound) and on the other hand on their handling (because of the changed weight). Apart from that, the look of the guitar is changed in a significant way.
- the invention proceeds. It has for its object to provide an improved device so far, which can be integrated into an instrument, in particular a guitar, with minimal influence on the sound properties and with as few and small elements. Furthermore, a method for automatic tuning of a stringed instrument is to be specified, which meets these requirements.
- the core idea of the invention is to supply at least parts of the components of the device the required voltage supply via one or more of the strings.
- the strings are designed conductive, they either consist of a conductive material or are wrapped with such and / or coated.
- a power supply eg. In the form of a battery or its own supply connection.
- the power supply can in this example on the Body supplied to the guitar and on the one or more guitar string (s) are continued to the head.
- the components of the device are distributed on the instrument, and a bus line bridges the distance along the length of the strings.
- a bus line bridges the distance along the length of the strings.
- the head or neck also offers, albeit only little, space for the (subtle) attachment of other components.
- means for adjusting the string length or tension arranged on guitars in any case can be used, which reduces the use of special parts. Overall, less additional components must be introduced into the instrument, for example the guitar.
- the signal transmission via the bus line can, for example, via a conventional bus cable, but also wireless, for example. Via radio or infrared done.
- the control signals between the seated on an instrument part control and the at least one drive preferably over the strings serving as bus lines are guided according to a development of the invention (claim 3).
- the strings of stringed instruments consist in many cases of a conductive material (metal) or are wrapped in a thread of one. Alternatively, if the sound permits, they may be coated with a conductive material. This solution saves the use of additional lines that would need to be laid in the instrument body. In addition to the sound properties, the optics of the instrument are preserved. Thus, when multiple strings are to be used as a conductor, these are not electrically shorted together, elements over which the strings are performed together (eg.
- the bridge on a guitar must be designed so that they isolate the strings against each other.
- These elements may be made of a non-conductive material (eg. Ceramic) or coated with such, or it must be made other arrangements of the insulation (eg. Between ordered insulating, etc.).
- the drive can be a motor, for example. Electric motor, but he can also work pneumatically or hydraulically.
- the instrument is an electrically connected instrument to an amplifier (eg, an electric guitar)
- an amplifier eg, an electric guitar
- an already existing and connected to the amplifier pickup of the instrument can be used as (part of) the detection unit.
- An interface gives the possibility of externally - and subsequently - to feed software into the device. Furthermore, various reference tunings can be entered into the memory device via the interface in order to be able to tune the instrument according to different schemes.
- An as proposed in claim 6 embodiment of the device allows a stringwise tuning of the instrument. It can just as well a drive can be used, which can be switched by appropriate gear or similar devices for adjusting one string.
- the device is formed as specified in claim 7, results in a particularly compact design. If the individual components are chosen as small as possible, they "disappear" almost in the overall impression of the instrument and do not disturb the musician when playing the same. In addition, it is not necessary to use external components when tuning the instrument, the musician can tune his instrument virtually anywhere and almost independently.
- a development of the device according to claim 8 results in a redundant system.
- the device can be operated even in case of defect of a string even further to the tuning of the instrument.
- the method according to claim 11, as stated above, represents a solution of the above-mentioned object with regard to a method. It can preferably be operated with a device according to one of claims 1 to 10, but is not limited to such a device.
- Claim 13 describes how preferably the strings of the instrument can be used as bus lines. As a result, no separate cables or other means of transmission (radio, infrared) must be installed.
- a processing of the first digital signal as required in a development of the method according to claim 14 may be useful in order to reliably determine a pitch from this signal.
- a determination of the fundamental frequency (pitch) of the first digital signal is preferably carried out with the aid of a mathematical frequency filter (claim 15).
- a mathematical frequency filter (claim 15). This allows, in contrast to the otherwise common Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) method, a faster and more accurate frequency determination from only one stop of the string. This is important because with only one stop of the string, the overtones that must be detected for an exact determination of the pitch (frequency), decay very quickly.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
- FIGS. 1 to 4 is shown in various, partially enlarged views of an electric guitar 1, which is provided with a device according to the invention.
- the electric guitar 1 can be roughly divided into the body 2, the bridge 3 and the head 4.
- On the body are attached to the so-called tremolo system block 5, the strings 6a - 6f with their first ends (ball ends) and side by side on the Bridge 3 stretched to the head 4, where they are wound with their second ends on vertebrae 7 and set adjustable.
- the vortices 7 are mechanically connected to wings 8, so that by turning the wing 8, the string end up on the vertebra 7 or can be unwound from this. This changes the tension or length of the string and tunes the guitar.
- FIG. 1 a so-called pick-guard 9 can be seen, which is a kind of cover plate and under which a space is created in the body 2, in which the electronics of the electric guitar 1 is arranged. Below this pick guards 9 a belonging to the inventive device control chip is arranged in Fig. 2 is indicated schematically with 10.
- Fig. 2 It can also be seen that at the head 4 of the electric guitar 1 on the mechanics of the wings 8, for example. Via a gear, attacking servomotors 11 are arranged.
- the actuators belong to the device according to the invention and are connected in a manner to be described later with the control chip 10 for driving. With the motors, as an alternative to the manual over the wings 8, the vortex 7 is rotated and thus the tension of the strings 6a to 6f are adjusted.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 is shown in another illustration, the electric guitar 1.
- the pickups (pickups) 12 seated on the body 2 below the strings 6a to 6f can be seen, which convert the vibrations of the strings (and thus the sound produced by striking them) into an electrical signal.
- These pickups 12 are also used later in a manner to be explained as part of the device according to the invention.
- a potentiometer 13 is shown.
- electric guitars have several such potentiometers for adjusting treble, bass, and volume.
- the illustrated potentiometer 13 of the volume control is the illustrated potentiometer 13 of the volume control.
- This special controller is for integrating the device according to the invention in the electric guitar. 1 not as a conventional potentiometer, but as a so-called push-pull potentiometer, which has an additional switching function.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 is the tremolo system block 5 and are arranged on this rider 15 for guiding the specified in the tremolo system block 5 string ends.
- Fig. 6 It can be seen how the strings 6a to 6f guided by holes 17 in the tremolo system block 15 and held at their ends thickening (ball ends) 18 at the lower edge of the holes 17.
- an insulating sleeve 19 is used in each case, which is provided at its protruding from the bore 17 edge with an outwardly facing collar.
- conductive discs 20 which contact the ball ends 18 of the strings 6a-6f. These disks are in turn connected to the lines 14 connected to the control chip 10 (shown here as 14a to 14f).
- the strings 6a to 6f of the electric guitar 1 made of a conductive metal or wrapped with a conductive metal thread are electrically connected to the control chip 10.
- FIGS. 5 (a) On the tremolo system block 5 are in the FIGS. 5 (a) attached to 5 (d) shown tab 15. About these run in the range of 16 designated rider inserts the pages.
- the in Fig. 5 (d) magnified illustrated rider insert is in the in Fig. 5 (a) shown riders in the in the Fig. 5 (a) used recess shown right. Since the riders 15 and the riding inserts 16 in an electric guitar 1 regularly made of metal and thus of a conductive material, in order to avoid a short circuit between the electrically contacted via the lines 14 strings, the riding inserts 16, over which the strings 6a run until 6f, be isolated from each other. For this purpose, the in Fig. 5 (a) Isolated with 21 designated areas.
- FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (d) are once again details of the head 4 of the electric guitar 1 with the components arranged thereon of the device according to the invention to recognize, wherein Fig. 7 (d) a detail enlargement of the in Fig. 7 (c) represented by D area.
- FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (d) are the mechanical units for adjusting the string tension consisting of the vertebrae 7, the wings 8 and the servomotors 11 once again detached from the head 4 shown. It can be seen that all these units are seated on a common board 22, which contains further control elements for controlling the servomotors 11. About the metallic and thus conductive vortices 7, the strings are electrically connected to corresponding tracks on the board 22.
- the inventive device for automatic tuning of the electric guitar 1 operates as follows:
- the control chip 10 can now be issued by striking one of the strings commands.
- the sounds generated by striking the strings are in an electric by the pickups 12 Signal converted, which is converted to a frequency in the controller.
- the controller stores certain preprogrammed commands which are called up to a frequency within a certain tolerance. In this way, for example, the program for tuning one of the strings, z. B. the e-string 6f, are called. If the program is activated, the control chip loads from a memory a reference frequency for this string, which serves as a reference frequency.
- the string is then possibly struck again, calculated the actual frequency from the converted by the pickup 12 signal in the control chip 10 and via the strings used as bus lines a signal to the board 22 or via this to the corresponding servo motor 11 for adjusting the String tension sent to reach the target frequency.
- the control chip 10 monitors the change in the frequency and, when the setpoint frequency is reached, issues a stop signal to the servo motor 11. In this way, all the strings can be tuned one after the other.
- a routine for calculating the actual frequency from the electrical signal of the pickup a mathematical frequency filter is used, as this can calculate the frequency very quickly and reliably.
- control chip 10 different frequency specifications for the strings are given, depending on what kind of mood is currently to be selected (eg open tuning, etc.).
- the strings 6f and 6e are transmitted The tension is chosen because the deep e-string and the a-string are the thickest strings of the electric guitar 1 and thus tear the least.
- any two arbitrary bus lines can be freely controlled by the control chip 10. In this way, the system is redundant and can also work on one or even two broken strings of the strings 6a to 6d.
- Light-emitting diodes on the body 2 can indicate the state of the control chip 10 or of the program sequence and thus simplify the handling of the device. Also here can be applied a "quick start", z.
- a "quick start", z As with the display, by striking which of the strings 6a to 6f in which tone which commands are called.
- the frequencies associated with the instructions may be managed by the control chip 10 to match the current tuning of the electric guitar, that is, the user must always strike the same string with the same grip to retrieve a command, no matter how the guitar and with it the string is tuned straight.
- the power supply of the system takes place in this embodiment, externally via the amplifier cable, with which the guitar is already electrically connected to an amplifier.
- Tonaderscnies constantly monitors the internal resistance of the electric guitar 1. This is at normal play ready electric guitar 1 high. If the musician now pulls the push-pull potentiometer 13, it disconnects the pickups 12 from the jack socket for the amplifier cable and thus from the amplifier and switches on the control chip 10. As a result, the internal resistance of the electric guitar 1 decreases at least by a factor of 20. This detects the circuit and switches the amplifier cable to one of the Amplifier off so that the electric guitar can be tuned 1 "mute".
- the circuit switches a supply voltage, which it can win, for example, from the power supply of the amplifier, but also an external power supply to the amplifier cable. This voltage is then supplied to the controller 10 and forwarded via the strings 6e and 6f in the head 4.
- the device according to the invention can work. After completing the tuning or, for example, setting up the circuit or applying new data, the musician switches the push-pull potentiometer 13 back to the normal position. The internal resistance of the electric guitar 1 rises again through the now connected again to the amplifier cable pickup 12. This recognizes the tone circuit according to Fig. 9 and puts the signals from the amplifier cable back on the amplifier, the musician can continue to play.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum automatischen Stimmen eines Saiteninstrumentes nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Sie betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum automatischen Stimmen eines Saiteninstrumentes nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 11.The present invention relates to a device for automatically tuning a stringed instrument according to the preamble of
Das Stimmen von Instrumenten erfordert generell neben einem geübten Gehör eine Menge Zeit, die insbesondere von ungeübten, bspw. Hobby-Instrumentalisten, aufgebracht werden muss. Bei dem klassischen Verfahren des Stimmens "von Hand" arbeitet der Musiker mit einer Stimmgabel, die durch Anschlagen den gewünschten Ton vorgibt und justiert durch Verändern der Saitenlänge bzw. Saitenspannung die Tonlage der jeweiligen Saite. Durch Mehrfaches Anschlagen der Saite und der Stimmgabel wird das Ergebnis abgeglichen, bis die gewünschte Stimmung der Saite erreicht ist. Ausgehend von dieser Stimmung werden dann die weiteren Saiten gestimmt.The tuning of instruments generally requires not only a trained ear a lot of time, which must be applied in particular by untrained, for example, hobby instrumentalists. In the classical method of tuning "by hand" the musician works with a tuning fork, which sets the desired tone by striking and adjusts the pitch of the respective string by changing the string length or string tension. By repeatedly striking the string and the tuning fork, the result is adjusted until the desired tuning of the string is achieved. Based on this mood then the other strings are tuned.
Da einesteils die Saiten der Instrumente wegen einer stets vorhandenen Nachgiebigkeit des Materials regelmäßig gestimmt werden müssen, die Saiten andernteils auch abhängig von den klimatischen Bedingungen in ihrer Länge veränderlich sind (eine Gitarrensaite dehnt sich auf der Bühne eines Konzertraumes mit der Hitze und feuchten Luft im Vergleich zu den Verhältnissen im vergleichsweise trockenen und kühlen Übungsraum aus), ist ein häufiges Stimmen erforderlich. Auch nach dem Aufziehen neuer Saiten müssen diese gestimmt werden.On the one hand, the strings of the instruments regularly tuned because of the constant resilience of the material Otherwise, the strings are also variable in length depending on the climatic conditions (a guitar string stretches on the stage of a concert room with the heat and humid air compared to the proportions in the comparatively dry and cool practice room) is a frequent one Voices required. Even after putting on new strings they have to be tuned.
Um hier eine Erleichterung zu schaffen, wurde in der
Zum Erfassen der Töne werden weiterhin in den Dokumenten
Das System ist insoweit sehr zu begrüßen, als dass es ein zügiges und automatisches Stimmen ermöglicht und so insbesondere ungeübten Musikern, aber auch den Profis ein hohes Maß an Aufwand abnimmt. Jedoch hat das System einen nicht unerheblichen Nachteil. Es ist insgesamt groß und klobig und erfordert erhebliche Veränderungen am Korpus der Gitarre, die einerseits einen Einfluss auf deren Akustik (Klang) und andererseits auf deren Handling (wegen des veränderten Gewichts) haben. Abgesehen davon, wird auch die Optik der Gitarre in nicht unerheblicher Weise verändert.The system is to be welcomed in so far as it allows a speedy and automatic tuning and so in particular untrained musicians, but also the professionals a great deal of effort decreases. However, the system has a not insignificant disadvantage. It is large and chunky overall and requires considerable changes to the body of the guitar, which on the one hand have an influence on their acoustics (sound) and on the other hand on their handling (because of the changed weight). Apart from that, the look of the guitar is changed in a significant way.
Da die gesamte Gitarre den für die Klangeigenschaften maßgeblichen Resonanzkörper bildet, verändern sich auch die Klangeigenschaften, wenn dieser verändert wird. Damit ist das vorbekannte System in bestehende Instrumente nahezu nicht nachrüstbar, es kann aber auch nur schwer in neue Gitarren integriert werden. Insbesondere wären in klanglicher Hinsicht in der Planung zwei Gitarrentypen unabhängig voneinander zu entwickeln, eine Gitarre mit der vorbekannten Vorrichtung und eine ohne.Since the entire guitar forms the resonant body relevant to the sound characteristics, the sound characteristics change as well, if this is changed. This is the previously known system in existing instruments almost impossible to retrofit, but it can also be difficult to integrate into new guitars. In particular, in terms of sound, two types of guitar would have to be developed independently of each other, a guitar with the previously known device and one without.
Von der geschilderten Problematik geht die Erfindung aus. Sie hat zur Aufgabe, eine insoweit verbesserte Vorrichtung anzugeben, die in ein Instrument, insbesondere eine Gitarre, mit minimaler Beeinflussung der Klangeigenschaften und mit möglichst wenigen und kleinen Elementen integriert werden kann. Ferner soll ein Verfahren zum automatischen Stimmen eines Saiteninstrumentes angegeben werden, welches diesen Vorgaben genügt.From the described problem, the invention proceeds. It has for its object to provide an improved device so far, which can be integrated into an instrument, in particular a guitar, with minimal influence on the sound properties and with as few and small elements. Furthermore, a method for automatic tuning of a stringed instrument is to be specified, which meets these requirements.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Schutzanspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Ein Verfahren, welches diese Aufgabe löst, ist in Anspruch 11 angegeben.To solve this problem, a device with the features of the
Die Ansprüche 2 bis 10 und 12 bis 15 enthalten vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Vorrichtung bzw. des Verfahrens.The
Kerngedanke der Erfindung ist es, zumindest Teilen der Komponenten der Vorrichtung die erforderliche Spannungsversorgung über eine oder mehrere der Saiten zuzuführen. Dazu sind die Saiten leitend gestaltet, sie bestehen entweder aus einem leitenden Material oder sind mit einem solchen umwickelt und/oder beschichtet. Auf diese Weise können bspw. bei einer Gitarre, insbesondere einer E-Gitarre Komponenten am Kopf derselben angeordnet werden, ohne dass zusätzlich dort eine Spannungsversorgung integriert werden muss (bspw. in Form einer Batterie oder eines eigenen Versorgungsanschlusses). Die Spannungsversorgung kann in diesem Beispiel über den Korpus der Gitarre zugeführt und über die eine oder mehrere Gitarrensaite(n) an den Kopf weitergeführt werden.The core idea of the invention is to supply at least parts of the components of the device the required voltage supply via one or more of the strings. For this purpose, the strings are designed conductive, they either consist of a conductive material or are wrapped with such and / or coated. In this way, for example, in a guitar, in particular an electric guitar components at the top of the same can be arranged without that there additionally a power supply must be integrated (eg. In the form of a battery or its own supply connection). The power supply can in this example on the Body supplied to the guitar and on the one or more guitar string (s) are continued to the head.
Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, Gewicht und Platz sparend auf einem solchen Abschnitt des Instrumentes, der auf einem Längsende der Saiten liegt, auf welchem entweder weniger Raum ist oder welcher wenig Gewicht verträgt, zumindest einige der Komponenten der Vorrichtung anzuordnen.In this way it is possible, weight and space saving on such a portion of the instrument, which is located on a longitudinal end of the strings, on which either less space or which is less weight tolerate, to arrange at least some of the components of the device.
Gemäß Anspruch 2 sind die Komponenten der Vorrichtung (die so gesehen auch als System bezeichnet werden kann) auf dem Instrument verteilt, und eine Busleitung überbrückt die Strecke entlang der Länge der Saiten. Bei einer Gitarre bspw. wird nicht die gesamte Vorrichtung im Korpus angeordnet. So bietet der Kopf bzw. Hals auch, wenn auch nur wenig, Raum, für die (dezente) Anbringung weiterer Komponenten. Insbesondere kann dabei auf ohnehin bei Gitarren am Kopf angeordnete Mittel zum Verstellen der Saitenlänge bzw. - spannung zurückgegriffen werden, was den Einsatz von Spezialteilen reduziert. Insgesamt müssen in das Instrument, bspw. die Gitarre, weniger zusätzliche Komponenten eingebracht werden.According to
Die Signalübertragung über die Busleitung kann bspw. über ein herkömmliches Buskabel, aber auch drahtlos, bspw. über Funk oder Infrarot, erfolgen.The signal transmission via the bus line can, for example, via a conventional bus cable, but also wireless, for example. Via radio or infrared done.
Um die Trennung der Komponenten Steuerung und Antrieb jedoch ohne tief greifende Eingriffe in den Instrumentenkörper vornehmen zu können, werden nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung die Steuersignale zwischen der an einem Instrumententeil sitzenden Steuerung und dem wenigstens einen Antrieb bevorzugt über die als Busleitungen dienenden Saiten geführt (Anspruch 3). Die Saiten von Saiteninstrumenten bestehen in vielen Fällen aus einem leitenden Material (Metall) oder sind von einem Faden aus einem solchen umwickelt. Alternativ können sie, wenn der Klang es zulässt, mit einem leitenden Material beschichtet sein. Diese Lösung spart den Einsatz weitere Leitungen, die in dem Instrumentenkörper verlegt werden müssten. Neben den Klangeigenschaften bleibt daher nicht zuletzt auch die Optik des Instrumentes erhalten. Damit, wenn mehrere Saiten als Leiter genutzt werden sollen, diese nicht untereinander elektrisch kurzgeschlossen sind, müssen Elemente, über die die Saiten gemeinsam geführt werden (bspw. der Steg bei einer Gitarre) so ausgebildet sein, dass sie die Saiten gegeneinander isolieren. Dazu können diese Elemente aus einem nicht leitenden Material (bspw. Keramik) gefertigt oder mit einem solchen beschichtet sein, oder es müssen sonstige Vorkehrungen der Isolierung getroffen sein (bspw. zwischen geordnete Isolierscheiben etc.).In order to make the separation of the components control and drive, however, without profound interventions in the instrument body, the control signals between the seated on an instrument part control and the at least one drive preferably over the strings serving as bus lines are guided according to a development of the invention (claim 3). The strings of stringed instruments consist in many cases of a conductive material (metal) or are wrapped in a thread of one. Alternatively, if the sound permits, they may be coated with a conductive material. This solution saves the use of additional lines that would need to be laid in the instrument body. In addition to the sound properties, the optics of the instrument are preserved. Thus, when multiple strings are to be used as a conductor, these are not electrically shorted together, elements over which the strings are performed together (eg. The bridge on a guitar) must be designed so that they isolate the strings against each other. These elements may be made of a non-conductive material (eg. Ceramic) or coated with such, or it must be made other arrangements of the insulation (eg. Between ordered insulating, etc.).
Der Antrieb kann ein Motor, bspw. Elektromotor, sein, er kann aber auch pneumatisch oder hydraulisch arbeiten.The drive can be a motor, for example. Electric motor, but he can also work pneumatically or hydraulically.
Wenn das Instrument ein auf elektrischem Wege mit einem Verstärker verbundenes Instrument ist (z. B. eine E-Gitarre), so kann ein ohnehin bereits vorhandener und an den Verstärker angeschlossener Tonabnehmer des Instrumentes als (Teil der) Erfassungseinheit genutzt werden.If the instrument is an electrically connected instrument to an amplifier (eg, an electric guitar), an already existing and connected to the amplifier pickup of the instrument can be used as (part of) the detection unit.
Durch eine wie in Anspruch 4 angegebene Ausgestaltung der Steuerung kann diese in einfacher Weise durch Anschlagen einer Seite angesprochen werden.By specified as in
Eine Schnittstelle, wie sie gemäß Anspruch 5 vorgesehen sein kann, gibt die Möglichkeit, von außen - auch nachträglich - eine Software in die Vorrichtung einzuspeisen. Ferner können über die Schnittstelle verschiedene Referenzstimmungen in die Speichereinrichtung eingegeben werden, um das Instrument nach unterschiedlichen Schemata stimmen zu können.An interface, as may be provided according to
Eine wie in Anspruch 6 vorgeschlagene Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung erlaubt ein saitenweises Stimmen des Instrumentes. Es kann ebenso gut auch ein Antrieb verwendet werden, der durch entsprechende Getriebe oder ähnliche Vorrichtungen zum Verstellen jeweils einer Saite schaltbar ist.An as proposed in
Ist die Vorrichtung wie in Anspruch 7 angegeben gebildet, ergibt sich ein besonders kompakter Aufbau. Werden die einzelnen Komponenten möglichst klein gewählt, "verschwinden" sie nahezu im Gesamteindruck des Instrumentes und stören den Musiker auch nicht beim Spiel desselben. Zudem ist es nicht erforderlich, beim Stimmen des Instrumentes externe Komponenten hinzuzuziehen, der Musiker kann sein Instrument praktisch überall und nahezu unabhängig stimmen.If the device is formed as specified in
Eine Weiterbildung der Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 ergibt ein redundantes System. Die Vorrichtung kann auch bei Defekt einer Saite noch weiter zum Stimmen des Instrumentes betrieben werden.A development of the device according to
In den Ansprüchen 9 und 10 ist jeweils eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung zur Integration in einer E-Gitarre angegeben.In the
Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 stellt wie oben bereits gesagt eine Lösung der oben genannten Aufgabe hinsichtlich eines Verfahrens dar. Es kann bevorzugt mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 betrieben werden, ist jedoch nicht auf eine solche Vorrichtung beschränkt.The method according to
Anspruch 13 beschreibt, wie bevorzugt die Saiten des Instrumentes als Busleitungen verwendet werden können. Dadurch müssen keine gesonderten Kabel oder sonstigen Übertragungsmittel (Funk, Infrarot) installiert werden.
Eine wie in einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 14 geforderte Aufbereitung des ersten digitalen Signals kann sinnvoll sein, um aus diesem Signal zuverlässig eine Tonlage bestimmen zu können.A processing of the first digital signal as required in a development of the method according to claim 14 may be useful in order to reliably determine a pitch from this signal.
Eine Bestimmung der Grundfrequenz (Tonlage) des ersten digitalen Signals erfolgt vorzugsweise unter Zuhilfenahme eines mathematischen Frequenzfilters (Anspruch 15). Dieser erlaubt im Gegensatz zu dem ansonsten gebräuchlichen Verfahren der Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) eine schnellere und genauere Frequenzbestimmung aus nur einem Anschlag der Saite. Dies ist wichtig, da bei nur einem Anschlag der Saite die Obertöne, die für eine exakte Bestimmung der Tonlage (Frequenz) erfasst werden müssen, sehr schnell abklingen.A determination of the fundamental frequency (pitch) of the first digital signal is preferably carried out with the aid of a mathematical frequency filter (claim 15). This allows, in contrast to the otherwise common Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) method, a faster and more accurate frequency determination from only one stop of the string. This is important because with only one stop of the string, the overtones that must be detected for an exact determination of the pitch (frequency), decay very quickly.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung kurz anhand der beiliegenden Figuren beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Ansicht von vorn einer E-Gitarre als mögliches Anwendungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Ansicht der E-Gitarre aus
Fig. 1 von hinten, - Fig. 3
- eine weitere schematische Ansicht der E-Gitarre mit anderen Einzelheiten,
- Fig. 4
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Korpus der E- Gitarre nach der Darstellung in
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 5
- in vier verschiedenen Darstellungen (a) bis (d) ei- nen Reiter des Tremolosystem-Blocks der E-Gitarre,
- Fig. 6
- schematisch die Befestigung der Saiten im Tremolo- Systemblock sowie deren Kontaktierung mit den Span- nungsversorgungs- bzw. Signalleitungen,
- Fig. 7
- in vier verschiedenen Ansichten (a) bis (d) den Kopf der Gitarre mit daran angebrachten Flügeln und Stellmotoren zum Einstellen der Saitenspannung,
- Fig. 8
- in vier verschiedenen Ansichten die in dem Kopf der Gitarre sitzenden Flügelt mit den Stellmotoren und
- Fig. 9
- eine schematische Schaltskizze einer Detektorschal- tung zur Ansteuerung einer Tonaderspeisung für die Vorrichtung zum automatischen Stimmen der Gitarre.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic front view of an electric guitar as a possible application example of the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a schematic view of the electric guitar
Fig. 1 from behind, - Fig. 3
- another schematic view of the electric guitar with other details,
- Fig. 4
- an enlarged view of the body of the electric guitar as shown in
Fig. 3 . - Fig. 5
- in four different representations (a) to (d) a rider of the tremolo system block of the electric guitar,
- Fig. 6
- schematically the attachment of the strings in the Tremolo system block and their contacting with the voltage supply or signal lines,
- Fig. 7
- in four different views (a) to (d) the head of the guitar with attached wings and actuators to adjust the string tension,
- Fig. 8
- in four different views sitting in the head of the guitar wings with the servomotors and
- Fig. 9
- a schematic circuit diagram of a detector circuit for controlling a Tonaderspeisung for the device for automatic tuning of the guitar.
In den Figuren wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles bei einer E-Gitarre näher erläutert. Gleiche Elemente sind in den Figuren mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Beschreibung anhand einer E-Gitarre beschränkt die Erfindung nicht. Sie kann ebenso gut bei Akustikgitarren, E-Bässen, oder anderen elektrischen bzw. elektroakustischen oder akustischen Saiteninstrumenten wie Violinen, Harfen etc. eingesetzt werden.In the figures, the invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment in an electric guitar. Identical elements are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals. The description based on an electric guitar does not limit the invention. It can also be used with acoustic guitars, electric basses, or other electric or electro-acoustic or acoustic string instruments such as violins, harps, etc.
In den
In
In
In den
Ferner ist in diesen Darstellungen ein Potentiometer 13 dargestellt. In der Regel verfügen E-Gitarren über mehrere derartige Potentiometer zum Einstellen der Höhen, Bässe und der Lautstärke. Hier ist das dargestellte Potentiometer 13 der Lautstärkeregler. Dieser spezielle Regler ist zur Integration der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in die E-Gitarre 1 nicht als herkömmliches Potentiometer ausgeführt, sondern als sogenanntes Push-Pull Potentiometer, welches eine zusätzliche Schaltfunktion aufweist.Furthermore, in these representations, a
Schließlich sind in diesen Figuren noch die von dem Steuerchip zu dem Tremolo-Systemblock 5, genauer zu den Saiten 6a bis 6f führenden Leitungen 14 zu erkennen.Finally, the
In den
Auf diese Weise werden die aus einem leitenden Metall bestehenden oder mit einem leitenden Metallfaden umwickelten Saiten 6a bis 6f der E-Gitarre 1 mit dem Steuerchip 10 elektrisch verbunden.In this way, the strings 6a to 6f of the
Auf dem Tremolo-Systemblock 5 sind die in den
In den
In den
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum automatischen Stimmen der E-Gitarre 1 arbeitet wie folgt:The inventive device for automatic tuning of the
Durch Ziehen des Push-Pull Potentiometers 13 wird das System aktiviert. Hierzu wird auf eine in
Dem Steuerchip 10 können nun durch Anschlagen einer der Saiten Befehle erteilt werden. Die durch Anschlagen der Saiten erzeugten Töne werden durch die Tonabnehmer 12 in ein elektrisches Signal gewandelt, welches in der Steuerung auf eine Frequenz hin umgerechnet wird. In der Steuerung sind bestimmte vorprogrammierte Befehle abgelegt, die auf eine innerhalb einer bestimmten Toleranz liegenden Frequenz hin aufgerufen werden. Auf diese Weise kann bspw. das Programm zum Stimmen einer der Saiten, z. B. der e-Saite 6f, aufgerufen werden. Ist das Programm aktiviert, lädt der Steuerchip aus einem Speicher eine Referenzfrequenz für diese Saite, die als Soll-Frequenz dient. Die Saite wird nun gegebenenfalls erneut angeschlagen, die Ist-Frequenz aus dem durch die Tonabnehmer 12 umgewandelten Signal in dem Steuerchip 10 errechnet und über die als Busleitungen genutzten Saiten ein Signal an die Platine 22 bzw. über diese an den entsprechenden Stellmotor 11 zum Verstellen der Saitenspannung zum Erreichen der Soll-Frequenz geschickt. Dabei überwacht der Steuerchip 10 die Veränderung der Frequenz und gibt bei Erreichen der Soll-Frequenz ein Stop-Signal an den Stellmotor 11. Auf diese Weise können alle Saiten nacheinander gestimmt werden. Als Routine zum Errechnen der Ist-Frequenz aus dem elektrischen Signal der Tonabnehmer wird ein mathematisches Frequenzfilter eingesetzt, da dieses besonders schnell und zuverlässig die Frequenz errechnen kann.The
Über eine in den Figuren nicht dargestellte Schnittstelle können dem Steuerchip 10 verschiedene Frequenzvorgaben für die Saiten gegeben werden, je nachdem welche Art der Stimmung gerade gewählt werden soll (bspw. open tuning etc.).About an interface, not shown in the figures, the
Für die Übertragung der Steuersignale werden lediglich zwei der Saiten benötigt. Über zwei weitere Saiten, hier die Saiten 6f (tiefe e-Saite) und 6e (a-Saite) wird die Spannungsversorgung für die Platine 22 und die Stellmotoren 11 in den Kopf 4 verbracht, so dass eine eigene Spannungsquelle dort nicht benötigt wird. Die Saiten 6f und 6e werden zum Übertragen der Spannung gewählt, da die tiefe e-Saite und die a-Saite die dicksten Saiten der E-Gitarre 1 sind und damit am seltensten reißen. Von den verbleibenden vier Saiten 6a bis 6d können von dem Steuerchip 10 jeweils zwei beliebige als Busleitungen frei angesteuert werden. Auf diese Weise ist das System redundant und kann auch noch bei einer oder sogar zwei gerissenen Saiten der Saiten 6a bis 6d arbeiten.For the transmission of the control signals only two of the strings are needed. About two more strings, here the
Leuchtdioden auf dem Korpus 2, bspw. im Bereich der Tonabnehmer 12 unterhalb der Saiten 6a bis 6f können den Zustand des Steuerchips 10 bzw. des Programmablaufs anzeigen und so die Handhabung der Vorrichtung vereinfachen. Auch kann hier eine "Kurzanleitung" aufgebracht sein, z. B. mit der Anzeige, durch Anschlagen welcher der Saiten 6a bis 6f in welchem Ton welche Befehle aufgerufen werden. Die den Befehlen zugeordneten Frequenzen können von dem Steuerchip 10 so verwaltet werden, dass sie der aktuellen Stimmung der E-Gitarre angepasst sind, das heißt, dass der Benutzer stets dieselbe Saite mit dem selben Griff anschlagen muss, um einen Befehl abzurufen, egal, wie die Gitarre und damit die Saite gerade gestimmt ist.Light-emitting diodes on the
Die Spannungsversorgung des Systems erfolgt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel extern und zwar über das Verstärkerkabel, mit dem die Gitarre ohnehin an einen Verstärker elektrisch angeschlossen ist. Die in
- 11
- E-Gitarreelectric guitar
- 22
- Korpuscorpus
- 33
- Stegweb
- 44
- Kopfhead
- 55
- Tremolo-SystemblockTremolo system block
- 6a-f6a-f
- Saitestring
- 77
- Wirbelwhirl
- 88th
- Flügelwing
- 99
- Pick-GuardPick Guard
- 1010
- Steuerchipcontrol chip
- 1111
- Stellmotorservomotor
- 1212
- Tonabnehmerpickup
- 1313
- Potentiometerpotentiometer
- 1414
- Leitungmanagement
- 1515
- Reiterequestrian
- 1616
- Reitereinsatzriders use
- 1717
- Bohrungdrilling
- 1818
- Verdickungthickening
- 1919
- Hülseshell
- 2020
- Scheibedisc
- 2121
- Flächearea
- 2222
- Platinecircuit board
Claims (15)
- A device for automatic tuning of a string instrument (1), in particular of a guitar, with:a) a detection device ( 12) for detecting a sound produced by pinching a string (6a - 6f) as well as generating a digital signal corresponding to the detected sound,b) a storage device for storing predetermined digital signals, corresponding to a requested sound,c) a comparison device for comparing the digital signal produced by the detection device with one digital signal stored in the storage device, corresponding to the requested sound,d) an adjustment device (7) for changing the tension of the strings (6a - 6f) ,e) at least one drive unit (11) for driving the adjustment device (7),f) a control unit (10) connected to the comparison device, which, on the basis of a deviation observed in the comparison device between signals representing the produced sound and the requested sound, operates the at least one drive unit (11),characterised in that a voltage supply is provided, starting from components of the device which are arranged in the longitudinal direction on a first side of the strings (6a-6f), from a voltage source or a similar voltage tapping arranged on the second opposite side of the strings (6a - 6f) in the longitudinal direction of the strings (6a - 6f), via at least one of the strings (6a - 6f), said at least one string (6a - 6f) consisting of an electrically conducting material, surrounded and/or coated therewith.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the control unit (10) and the at least one drive unit (11) are arranged in the string instrument (1) in the longitudinal direction of the strings (6a - 6f) on sides of the strings (6a - 6f) opposite to one another and in that a bus line runs between the control unit (10) and the at least one drive unit over the whole length of the strings.
- A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the bus line is provided by at least one of the strings (6a - 6d), which consists of a conducting material or is surrounded and/or coated therewith.
- A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in so that the control unit (10) is arranged so that said unit can be switched when receiving a digital signal representing a sound inside the tolerance range from the detection device.
- A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes an interface for data exchange.
- A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that each string (6a - 6f) is fitted with an adjustment device (7) with its own drive unit (11).
- A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in it is fully integrated in the string instrument (1) with all its components, i.e. detection device, storage device, comparison device, adjustment device (7), drive unit (11) and control unit (10).
- A device according to any of the claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the string(s) (6a - 6f) used as bus line(s) and/or power supply lines can selected freely by the control unit (10), so that in case of failure of one string (6a - 6f) (torn string or broken line) the control unit (10) may choose another string (6a - 6f) as bus line and/or power supply line.
- A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is integrated in a guitar (1), preferably an electric guitar.
- A device according to claim 9, characterised in so that the control unit (10) is arranged on the body (2) of the guitar (1) and the adjustment device (7) and the at least one drive unit (11) are arranged on the upper end of the neck and the at least one drive unit (11) is connected to the control unit (10) via a bus line running along the neck, preferably via the strings (6a - 6d) used as a bus line.
- A method for automatic tuning of a string instrument, wherein:1. a string to be tuned is pinched,2. the sound produced by the string is captured by a detection device and converted into a corresponding first digital signal,3. the first digital signal is compared with a second digital signal corresponding to a preset, requested sound and the control unit uses the result of the comparison to calculate the necessary change in string tension,characterised in that a voltage supply is provided, starting from components of the device which are arranged in the longitudinal direction on a first side of the strings, from a voltage source or a similar voltage tapping arranged on the second opposite side of the strings in the longitudinal direction of the strings, via at least one of the strings, wherein the at least one string consists of an electrically conducting material, is surrounded or coated therewith.
- A method according to claim 11, characterised in that the control unit arranged on a first side in longitudinal direction of the string sends a control signal to a drive unit situated on the opposite side in longitudinal direction, a drive unit connected to an adjustment device for adjusting the string tension, via one or several bus lines.
- A method according to claim 12, characterised in the strings of the instrument which consist of a conducting material or are surrounded and/or coated therewith, are used as the one or several bus line(s).
- A method according to any of the claims 12 to 13, characterised in that the first digital signal is prepared for further processing.
- A method according to claim 14, characterised in that the frequency of the pinched sound is determined on the basis of the first digital signal using a mathematical frequency filter and that the second digital signal corresponds to a preset frequency.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05701037A EP1745461B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-01-19 | Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument, particularly a guitar |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04011357A EP1596359B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument in particular a guitar |
PCT/EP2005/000478 WO2005116986A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-01-19 | Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument, particularly a guitar |
EP05701037A EP1745461B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-01-19 | Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument, particularly a guitar |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1745461A1 EP1745461A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
EP1745461B1 true EP1745461B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
Family
ID=34924982
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04011357A Expired - Lifetime EP1596359B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument in particular a guitar |
EP05701037A Not-in-force EP1745461B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-01-19 | Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument, particularly a guitar |
EP05701214A Withdrawn EP1745460A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-01-27 | Device and method for automatically tuning a guitar or other stringed instruments |
EP05716354A Withdrawn EP1751738A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-03-24 | Device for adjusting the tension of the strings of a guitar or of a bass |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04011357A Expired - Lifetime EP1596359B1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | Device and method for automatically tuning a stringed instrument in particular a guitar |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP05701214A Withdrawn EP1745460A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-01-27 | Device and method for automatically tuning a guitar or other stringed instruments |
EP05716354A Withdrawn EP1751738A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-03-24 | Device for adjusting the tension of the strings of a guitar or of a bass |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7786373B2 (en) |
EP (4) | EP1596359B1 (en) |
JP (4) | JP4774045B2 (en) |
KR (4) | KR101140120B1 (en) |
CN (4) | CN100530345C (en) |
AT (2) | ATE421135T1 (en) |
CA (4) | CA2565082A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE502004008869D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2322351T3 (en) |
WO (5) | WO2005116986A1 (en) |
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2004
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