EP1728241B1 - Oboe and oboe head - Google Patents

Abstract

An oboe comprising an elongate body in two parts which can fit inside each other, wherein one first part ( 10 ) is provided with a place ( 11 ) for putting the reed at one end thereof ( 10 a) which is adapted in order to receive said reed and a second part ( 20 ) which is adapted in order to be fitted to a bell ( 30 ). The transversal plane of fitment of said two parts ( 10, 20 ) of the body is located between the octave holes ( 13 ) and the note holes, wherein the note holes are positioned exclusively in the second part ( 20 ) and the bell ( 30 ).

Description

The present invention relates to a wind musical instrument such as an oboe.

It also relates to an oboe head adapted to be mounted on a body part of the oboe according to the invention.

Oboes are musical wind instruments, usually consisting of three parts that fit into each other.

Thus, an oboe has an elongated body in two parts nestable into one another. A first part, carrying at one end a piperelle adapted to receive a reed, is called the upper body. A second part of the body, called bottom body, is adapted to be fitted on a pavilion constituting a third part of the oboe.

The different parts of the body and the flag are pierced with holes, the opening or closing of which in particular makes it possible to modify the height of the sound emitted by the instrument.

Conventionally, these holes are plugged by means of pads covered with cork or felt, these pads being themselves actuated by means of a series of keys via rods extending between the keys and the buffers.

The document GB 159,767 describes a mechanism of keys simplifying the game of a wind instrument, and in particular an oboe.

Typically, an oboe includes, from its piperelle to the pavilion, a series of openings including octave holes, trill holes (also called cadence holes) and note holes spread over more an octave between B flat and C sharp or D flat flat.

In a traditional oboe, the upper body has octave holes, trill holes, and note holes between C sharp and G sharp.

The lower body has note holes between Sol and Do, while the flag has the note hole Si and a hole for modifying the sound of the horn. The B flat bass is obtained by closing the Si natural, all notes clogged.

This type of wind musical instrument is still traditionally made of wood, and usually ebony, for the qualities of sound it provides.

However, such an instrument is very fragile, and it is not uncommon for the body of the oboe, and more particularly the body of the top of the oboe splits in contact with the moisture present in the breath of the musicians and during shocks thermal.

In addition, the assembly of the body of the top and bottom body is not always facilitated by the presence of keys and rods that extend beyond each body.

The present invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose an oboe providing better ergonomics of assembly and play for the musician.

For this purpose, the present invention, according to claim 1, aims an oboe comprising a horn and an elongated body having two interlocking parts one in the other, a first portion carrying at one end a piperelle adapted to receive a reed, and a second portion being adapted to be fitted on the roof.

According to the invention, a transverse interlocking plane of the two body parts is located between octave holes and note holes of said oboe, the note holes being positioned only in the second body part and the horn.

Thus, the oboe according to the invention has a new distribution of the body, and is no longer traditionally cut into two parts high and low, of substantially equal length, but rather consists of a main body on which is mounted a head of oboe. The latter has the octave holes located near the piperelle, and possibly the trill holes arranged between these octave holes and the note holes.

This new positioning of the transversal interlocking plane of the two parts of the body makes it possible in particular to modify the score of the notes along the body of the oboe, and in particular to approximate some traditionally distant notes because of the presence of necessary means of fixation between the two body parts of a classical oboe.

In addition, the oboe has an easily interchangeable head, allowing a tuning fork and a specific sound search for each oboe simply by changing the head.

Moreover, in case of slit of this oboe head, it can more easily be changed and replaced by a new head adaptable to the main body of the oboe.

According to a preferred feature of the invention, the transverse interlocking plane is located between the octave holes and trill holes disposed between the octave holes and the note holes.

In other words, the first part of the body of the oboe contains only octave holes.

According to another preferred feature of the invention, the sharp treble key extends in part under the key of E flat.

This arrangement of keys located traditionally between the note holes of La and Sol, is made possible by the absence of interlocking plane in this portion of the body of the oboe.

It allows better ergonomics of play for the musician when switching from one key to another.

Advantageously, an oboe according to the invention comprises as an accessory another first part interchangeable with said first part, so that the musician can modify the sound and the tone of the instrument.

According to a second aspect of the invention, it also relates to an oboe head, having octave holes and carrying at one end a piperelle adapted to receive a reed. This oboe head has only octave holes or only octave holes and trill holes.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the description below.

• la figure 1 illustre un hautbois démonté conforme à un mode de réalisation de l'invention.

In the appended drawing, given by way of non-limiting example:

• the figure 1 illustrates a disassembled oboe according to an embodiment of the invention.

We will now describe with reference to the figure 1 an oboe according to the invention.

• un partie de corps 10, portant à extrémité une piperelle 11, qui sera appelée dans la suite de la description tête 10 du hautbois ;
• une seconde partie 20 adaptée à être montée au niveau d'une première extrémité 20a sur la tête 10 du hautbois; et
• un pavillon 30 destiné à être monté au niveau d'une seconde extrémité 20b du corps 20 du hautbois.

This oboe has three parts:

• a body portion 10, end-bearing a piperelle 11, which will be called in the following description head 10 of the oboe;
• a second portion 20 adapted to be mounted at a first end 20a on the head 10 of the oboe; and
• a horn 30 to be mounted at a second end 20b of the body 20 of the oboe.

Each of these parts 10, 20, 30 of the oboe according to the invention will now be described in greater detail.

The first part 10 thus carries at one end 10a a piperelle 11 adapted to receive a reed (not shown).

This oboe head 10 has at a second end 10b in its length fastening means 12 adapted to allow the interlocking of the head 10 in the body 20 of the oboe.

In this embodiment, these fastening means 12 consist of a tenon thus forming a projection beyond the head 10.

This oboe head may have a length of between 100 and 120 mm. Preferably, it has a length of 102 mm, not including the fastening means 12 protruding.

This oboe head 10 therefore has a length much less than the usual length of a body of the top of a traditional oboe, substantially equal to 233 mm.

Thus, this oboe head 10 comprises only in this embodiment octave holes 13, three in number. It also supports the linkage and the keys 14 respectively associated with each of the octave holes 13.

The main body 20 of the oboe also has fastening means 21a, 21b disposed respectively at each of its ends 20a, 20b.

The end 20a of this body 20 being intended to cooperate in engagement with the head 10 of the oboe, the fastening means 21a are formed of a mortise 21a of dimension complementary to the pin 12.

On the other hand, the second end 20b of the body 20 comprises fixing means 21b consisting of a tenon similar to the tenon 12 of the head 10 of the oboe.

The length of this oboe body, not including the fastening means 21b protruding from one end 20b of this body 20, is between 365 and 375 mm.

In the embodiment described, the oboe head having a length of 102 mm, the body 20 preferably has a length of 370 mm.

Thus, this body part 20 of the oboe has a length substantially greater than the conventional length of the bottom body of a traditional oboe, of about 238 mm.

This body of the oboe comprises from top to bottom (that is to say from the right to the left in the figure) trill holes (also called cadence holes) 22 and a half hole 23, corresponding to the octaviation of the notes E flat, D and D flat, associated with the plate of D flat (or C sharp empty).

The body 20 of the oboe is thus pierced with a succession of holes corresponding to the notes B, Si, B flat, A, G sharp, G, F sharp, F, E, E flat, D, D flat and C. It should be noted in this regard that there are two notes Fa called Fa fork and Ke key respectively.

This oboe body 20 also conventionally includes all of the linkage and keys associated with each of the note holes, allowing the opening or closing of these holes.

In particular, it comprises a key 24, called the key of Sol sharp and the keys 25, 26, 27, respectively called key of E flat, key of Si and the key of Si B flat forming a part known as the paw of goose.

This portion 20 of the oboe body is intended to be mounted at the second end 20b on the flag 30. The latter comprises at end 30a complementary fastening means 31a, here constituted by a mortise 31a adapted to cooperate with the tenon 21b of the body 20.

The other end 30b of this flag forms an opening opening to the open air, able to allow the resonance of the oboe, the B flat bass coming out of this opening.

The length of this flag is substantially equal to 128 mm, and corresponds to the length of the flag of a traditional oboe.

The entire instrument, once mounted, has a length between the piperelle 11 and the end 30b of the flag substantially equal to 600 mm.

Conventionally, this flag 30 has a hole of the note Si, and a hole 32 to change the resonance of this flag.

Thus, the oboe according to the invention has an interlocking plane between the head 10 and the body 20 located between the octave holes 13 and the note holes, and in this embodiment between the octave holes 13 and the trill holes 22 disposed near the end 20a of the body 20 of the oboe.

This new arrangement makes it possible to eliminate the interlocking plane conventionally provided in the body of the oboe substantially between the holes of note Sol sharp and Sol.

This new arrangement of the interlocking plane makes it possible to obtain a more homogeneous body 20, especially at the level of the longitudinal bore of the body when there is no longer any difference in internal diameter between the different bodies due to the interlocking of the body of the upper and lower body in a traditional oboe. This eliminates any risk of offset or interior decentering in the main body of the oboe.

As this body 20 is in one piece, the pointing, that is to say the positioning of the note holes on the instrument, can be improved and in particular better distributed.

The system of rods and associated keys can thus be made more logically.

In particular, it is possible to approximate the holes of the notes La, Sol sharp and Sol when there is more tenon at this portion of the body 20.

In practice, it is possible to raise the hole of the ground of about 3 mm in direction of piperelle 11 of the oboe, and on the contrary to lower all the holes of note Sol sharp, La, B flat, Si and Do d approximately 2 mm towards the flag 30. The distance between Sol and Sol sharp can be reduced by about 5 mm compared to a traditional oboe.

It is also possible to lower the flat D flat of about 5 mm, the half hole 23 also serving as an octave key for low notes, E flat, D and D flat.

The approximation of this octave key 23 with respect to the fundamental note substantially improves the passage to the octave of these fundamental notes, in particular for the note D flat which is considered the most delicate note of the instrument.

Moreover, thanks to the removal of the interlocking plane at the level of the Sol sharp, and keys 24-27 of the crow's foot, it is possible to obtain a more ergonomic mechanics by modifying the arrangement of the keys at level of this crow's feet. In particular, as well illustrated in the figure, the sharp key of Sol 24 extends in part under the key of E flat 25.

This type of editing, made virtually impossible in a traditional oboe where the nesting plane is made at the crow's feet, provides a key positioning facilitating the game of the musician.

In addition, the head 10 of the oboe has the advantage of being easily changed, both for the sound and the game of the instrument as its change in case of wood slit.

Indeed, this part of the head 10 is essential for the sound, accuracy and octaviation of the instrument and it may be interesting that the oboe includes as an accessory one or more interchangeable heads.

For example, this oboe head 10 could have different longitudinal bore diameters, as well as possibly different lengths.

In addition, it is possible to use a head material insensitive to thermal shock and moisture, such as for example resin, plastic or methyl polymethacrylate type Altuglass ®.

This type of material offers a better resistance of the oboe head to the slits, which appear due to the presence of moisture in the breath of the musician, but also in the case of concert in cold places ( church, air conditioning, ...).

Each musician can thus customize the instrument by choosing an appropriate oboe head 10.

Of course, many modifications can be made to the above embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention.

Thus, there is described an exemplary embodiment in which the interlocking plane of the head 10 and the main body 20 of the oboe is located between the octave holes 13 and the trill holes 22.

However, it could be envisaged in the context of the invention that the interlocking plane is located between the trill holes 22 and the note holes, and for example between the trill holes 22 and the hole of the note D flat B flat. empty.

In addition, it has been described with reference to figure 1 an oboe in Ut.

The present invention would also find application to other types of wind musical instruments, such as an oboe piccolo musette E flat, a love oboe in La, a baritone oboe C or an English horn in Fa.

Claims (12)

1. Oboe comprising a horn and an elongate body having two portions adapted to be nested one in the other, a first portion (10) carrying at one end (10a) a onion (11) adapted to receive a reed and a second portion (20) being adapted to be nested with the horn (30), characterised in that a plane of transverse nesting of the two portions of the body is situated between octave holes (13) positioned in said first portion (10) and note holes, the note holes being positioned only in said second portion (20) and the horn (30).
2. Oboe according to claim 1, characterised in that said transverse nesting plane is situated between the octave holes (13) and trill holes (22) disposed between said octave holes (13) and the note holes.
3. Oboe according to claim 2, characterised in that the first body portion (10) includes only octave holes (13).
4. Oboe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the G sharp key (24) extends partly under the E flat key (25).
5. Oboe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the first body portion (10) carrying the octave holes (13) has a length from 100 to 120 mm.
6. Oboe according to claim 5, characterised in that said first body portion (10) has a length of substantially 102 mm.
7. Oboe according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the second body portion (20) carrying the note holes has a length of substantially 370 mm.
8. Oboe according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it comprises an accessory in the form of another first portion interchangeable with said first portion (10).
9. Oboe head including octave holes (13) and carrying at one end (10a) a onion (11) adapted to receive a reed, characterised in that it includes only octave holes (13).
10. Oboe head according to claim 9, characterised in that it has a length from 100 to 120 mm.
11. Oboe head including octave holes (13) and carrying at one end (10a) a onion (11) adapted to receive a reed, characterised in that it includes only octave holes (13) and trill holes (22).
12. Oboe head according to claim 11, characterised in that it has a length from 100 to 120 mm.

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