EP1728241A1 - Oboe and oboe head - Google Patents

Oboe and oboe head

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Publication number
EP1728241A1
EP1728241A1 EP05739469A EP05739469A EP1728241A1 EP 1728241 A1 EP1728241 A1 EP 1728241A1 EP 05739469 A EP05739469 A EP 05739469A EP 05739469 A EP05739469 A EP 05739469A EP 1728241 A1 EP1728241 A1 EP 1728241A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oboe
holes
head
octave
note
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05739469A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1728241B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Croquenoy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marigaux
Original Assignee
Marigaux
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marigaux filed Critical Marigaux
Publication of EP1728241A1 publication Critical patent/EP1728241A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1728241B1 publication Critical patent/EP1728241B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/06—Beating-reed wind instruments, e.g. single or double reed wind instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
    • G10D7/06—Beating-reed wind instruments, e.g. single or double reed wind instruments
    • G10D7/063—Oboes; Bassoons; Bagpipes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/10—Resonating bodies, e.g. tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind musical instrument such as an oboe. It also relates to an oboe head adapted to be mounted on a body part of the oboe according to the invention.
  • Oboes are wind musical instruments generally comprising three parts which fit into each other.
  • an oboe has an elongated body in two interlocking parts, one inside the other.
  • a first part, carrying at one end a piper suitable for receiving a reed, is called the upper body.
  • a second part of the body, called the bottom body is adapted to be fitted onto a pavilion constituting a third part of the oboe.
  • holes are plugged by means of pads covered with cork or felt, these pads being themselves actuated by means of a series of keys by means of rods extending between the keys and the pads.
  • an oboe has, from its piperelle to the pavilion, a series of openings and in particular octave holes, trill holes (also called cadence holes) and note holes spanning more an octave between B flat low and C sharp or D flat at medium vacuum.
  • the upper body has the octave holes, the trill holes and the note holes between C sharp and G sharp.
  • the bottom body has note holes between G and C, while the horn has the note hole B and a hole allowing to modify the resonance of the pavilion.
  • the B flat serious is obtained by closing the B bécarre, all notes blocked.
  • This type of wind musical instrument is still traditionally made of wood, and generally ebony, for the qualities of sound it provides. However, such an instrument is very fragile, and it is not uncommon for the body of the oboe, and more particularly the body of the top of the oboe, to split in contact with the moisture present in the breath of musicians and during shocks. thermal.
  • the present invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide an oboe providing better ergonomics for mounting and playing for the musician.
  • the present invention relates to an oboe comprising an elongated body in two parts which fit together, a first part carrying at one end a piperel adapted to receive a reed, and a second part being adapted to be fitted on a pavilion.
  • a transverse interlocking plane of the two parts of the body is located between octave holes and note holes of said oboe, the note holes being positioned only in the second body part and the horn.
  • the oboe according to the invention has a new distribution of the body, and is no longer traditionally cut into two upper and lower parts, of substantially equal length, but rather consisting of a main body on which is mounted a head.
  • the latter includes the octave holes located near the piperelle, and possibly the trill holes arranged between these octave holes and the note holes.
  • This new positioning of the transverse interlocking plane of the two parts of the body makes it possible in particular to modify the pointing of the notes along the body of the oboe, and in particular to bring certain notes closer together. traditionally distant because of the presence of necessary fixing means between the two body parts of a conventional oboe.
  • the oboe has an easily interchangeable head, allowing adaptation of the tuning fork and a specific sound search for each oboe by simply changing the head. Furthermore, if this oboe head is slit, it can more easily be changed and replaced by a new head adaptable to the main oboe body.
  • the transverse nesting plane is located between the octave holes and trill holes arranged between the octave holes and the note holes.
  • the first part of the oboe body only has octave holes.
  • the C sharp key extends in part under the E flat key. This arrangement of the keys traditionally located between the note holes of La and G, is made possible by the absence of nesting plan in this portion of the body of the oboe. It allows better ergonomics for the musician when switching from one key to another.
  • an oboe according to the invention comprises as an accessory another first part interchangeable with said first part, so that the musician can modify the sound and the tone of the instrument.
  • it also relates to an oboe head, comprising octave holes and carrying at one end a piperel adapted to receive a reed.
  • This oboe head is adapted to be fitted onto a second body part of an oboe in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
  • This oboe has three parts: a body part 10, carrying at the end a piperel 11, which will be called in the following description of the head 10 of the oboe; a second part 20 adapted to be mounted at a first end 20a on the head 10 of the oboe; and - a flag 30 intended to be mounted at a second end 20b of the body 20 of the oboe.
  • the first part 10 thus carries at one end 10a a piperel 11 adapted to receive a reed (not shown).
  • This oboe head 10 has, at a second end 10b along its length, fastening means 12 adapted to allow this head 10 to fit into the body 20 of the oboe.
  • these fixing means 12 consist of a tenon thus forming a projection beyond the head 10.
  • This oboe head can have a length of between 100 and 120 mm. Preferably, it has a length of 102 mm, not including the fixing means 12 projecting.
  • This oboe head 10 therefore has a length much less than the usual length of a body from the top of a traditional oboe, substantially equal to 233 mm.
  • this oboe head 10 comprises only in this embodiment the octave holes 13, three in number.
  • the main body 20 of the oboe also includes fixing means 21a, 21b respectively disposed at each of its ends 20a, 20b.
  • the end 20a of this body 20 being intended to cooperate in interlocking with the head 10 of the oboe, the fixing means 21a are formed of a mortise 21a of dimension complementary to the stud 12.
  • the second end 20b of the body 20 comprises fixing means 21b consisting of a tenon similar to the tenon 12 of the head 10 of the oboe.
  • this oboe body 20 is between 365 and 375 mm.
  • the oboe head having a length of 102 mm the body 20 preferably has a length of 370 mm.
  • this body part 20 of the oboe has a length significantly greater than the conventional length of the bottom body of a traditional oboe, of approximately 238 mm.
  • This oboe body 20 has from the top to the bottom (that is to say from the right to the left in the figure) trill holes (also called cadence holes) 22 and a half hole 23, corresponding to the octaviation of E-flat, D and D-flat notes, associated with the D-flat (or C sharp empty) platter.
  • the body 20 of the oboe is thus pierced with a succession of holes corresponding to the notes Do bécarre, Si, Si bémol, La, G sharp, G, F sharp, F, E, E flat, D, D flat and C. It will be noted in this respect that there are two notes Fa respectively called Fa fork and Fa key.
  • This body 20 of the oboe also conventionally comprises all of the linkage and keys associated with each of the note holes, allowing the opening or closing of these holes.
  • it comprises a key 24, called the Treble clef and the keys 25, 26, 27, respectively called E-flat key, B-bar key and B-flat key forming a part known as the paw. goose.
  • This part 20 of the oboe body is intended to be mounted at the second end 20b on the pavilion 30.
  • the latter comprises at its end 30a complementary fixing means 31a, here constituted by a mortise 31a adapted to cooperate with the lug 21b of the body 20.
  • the other end 30b of this pavilion forms an opening leading to the open air, capable of allowing the oboe to resonate, the B flat serious coming out through this opening.
  • the length of this flag is substantially equal to 128 mm, and corresponds to the length of the flag of a traditional oboe.
  • the entire instrument, once mounted, has a length between the piperel 11 and the end 30b of the flag substantially equal to 600 mm.
  • this pavilion 30 has a hole in the note Si bécarre, as well as an orifice 32 making it possible to modify the resonance of this pavilion.
  • the oboe according to the invention has an interlocking plane between the head 10 and the body 20 situated between the octave holes 13 and the note holes, and in this embodiment between the octave holes 13 and the trill holes 22 disposed near the end 20a of the body 20 of the oboe.
  • This new arrangement eliminates the nesting plan traditionally provided in the body of the oboe substantially between the note holes G sharp and G.
  • This new arrangement of the nesting plane makes it possible to obtain a more homogeneous body 20, in particular at the level of the longitudinal bore of the body as soon as there is no longer any difference in internal diameter between the different bodies due to the nesting. upper body and lower body in a traditional oboe.
  • This body 20 being in one piece, the pointing, that is to say the positioning of the note holes on the instrument, can be improved and in particular better distributed.
  • the system of rods and associated keys can thus be implemented in a more logical manner.
  • the distance between G and G sharp can thus be reduced by about 5 mm compared to a traditional oboe. It is also possible to lower the platform of the D flat medium by about 5 mm, the half hole 23 also serving as an octave key for low notes, E flat, D and D flat.
  • the approximation of this octave key 23 relative to the fundamental note appreciably improves the transition to the octave of these fundamental notes, in particular for the D flat note considered as the most delicate note of the instrument.
  • the elimination of the nesting plan at the level of the sharp note, and the 24-27 keys of the crow's feet it is possible to obtain more ergonomic mechanics by modifying the arrangement of the keys at level of this crow's feet.
  • the head 10 of the oboe has the advantage of being able to be changed easily, both for the sound and the playing of the instrument as well as its change in the event of splitting of the wood.
  • this head portion 10 is essential for the sound, the accuracy and the octaviation of the instrument and it may be advantageous for the oboe to include as accessory one or more interchangeable heads.
  • this oboe head 10 could have different longitudinal bore diameters, as well as possibly different lengths.
  • a head made of a material insensitive to thermal shock and humidity such as for example resin, plastic or also polymethyl methacrylate of the Altuglass® type.
  • This type of material offers better resistance of the oboe head to the slots, which appear due to the presence of moisture in the breath of the musician, but also in the case of concert in cold places ( church, air conditioning, ).
  • Each musician can thus personalize the instrument by choosing an appropriate oboe head 10.
  • many modifications can be made to the above embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • an exemplary embodiment has been described in which the nesting plane of the head 10 and of the main body 20 of the oboe is located between the octave holes 13 and the trill holes 22.
  • the nesting plane is located between the trill holes 22 and the note holes, and for example between the trill holes 22 and the note hole D flat medium vacuum.
  • the nesting plane is located between the trill holes 22 and the note holes, and for example between the trill holes 22 and the note hole D flat medium vacuum.
  • FIG 1 there has been described with reference to Figure 1 an oboe in C.
  • the present invention would also find its application for other types of wind musical instrument, such as a piccolo oboe musette in E-flat, a love oboe in A, a baritone oboe in C or even an English horn in Fa.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Music (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

An oboe comprising an elongate body in two parts which can fit inside each other, wherein one first part ( 10 ) is provided with a place ( 11 ) for putting the reed at one end thereof ( 10 a) which is adapted in order to receive said reed and a second part ( 20 ) which is adapted in order to be fitted to a bell ( 30 ). The transversal plane of fitment of said two parts ( 10, 20 ) of the body is located between the octave holes ( 13 ) and the note holes, wherein the note holes are positioned exclusively in the second part ( 20 ) and the bell ( 30 ).

Description

Hautbois et tête de hautbois Oboe and oboe head
La présente invention concerne un instrument de musique à vent tel qu'un hautbois. Elle concerne également une tête de hautbois adaptée à être montée sur une partie de corps du hautbois conforme à l'invention. Les hautbois sont des instruments de musique à vent comprenant généralement trois parties s'emboîtant les unes dans les autres. Ainsi, un hautbois comporte un corps allongé en deux parties emboîtables l'une dans l'autre. Une première partie, portant à une extrémité une piperelle adaptée à recevoir une anche, est appelée corps du haut. Une seconde partie du corps, appelée corps du bas, est adaptée à être emboîtée sur un pavillon constituant une troisième partie du hautbois. Les différentes parties du corps et du pavillon sont percées de trous dont l'ouverture ou la fermeture permettent de modifier notamment la hauteur du son émis par l'instrument. De manière classique, ces trous sont bouchés au moyen de tampons recouverts de liège ou de feutre, ces tampons étant eux-mêmes actionnés au moyen d'une série de clés par l'intermédiaire de tringles s'étendant entre les clés et les tampons. De manière classique, un hautbois comporte, de sa piperelle jusqu'au pavillon, une série d'ouvertures et notamment des trous d'octave, des trous de trille (encore appelés trous de cadence) et des trous de note s'etalant sur plus d'une octave entre Si bémol grave et Do dièse ou Ré bémol à vide médium. Dans un hautbois traditionnel, le corps du haut comporte les trous d'octave, les trous de trille et les trous de note compris entre Do dièse et Sol dièse. Le corps du bas comporte des trous de note compris entre Sol et Do, alors que le pavillon comporte le trou de note Si bécarre ainsi qu'un trou permettant de modifier la résonance du pavillon. Le Si bémol grave est obtenu par fermeture du Si bécarre, toutes notes bouchées. Ce type d'instrument de musique à vent est encore traditionnellement fabriqué en bois, et généralement en ébène, pour les qualités de son qu'il procure. Toutefois, un tel instrument est très fragile, et il n'est pas rare que le corps du hautbois, et plus particulièrement le corps du haut du hautbois se fende au contact de l'humidité présente dans l'haleine des musiciens et lors des chocs thermiques. En outre, le montage du corps du haut et du corps du bas n'est pas toujours facilité par la présence de clés et de tringles qui s'étendent au-delà de chacun des corps. La présente invention a pour but de résoudre les inconvénients précités et de proposer un hautbois procurant une meilleure ergonomie de montage et de jeu pour le musicien. A cet effet, la présente invention vise un hautbois comprenant un corps allongé en deux parties emboîtables l'une dans l'autre, une première partie portant à une extrémité une piperelle adaptée à recevoir une anche, et une seconde partie étant adaptée à être emboîtée sur un pavillon. Selon l'invention, un plan d'emboîtement transversal des deux parties du corps est situé entre des trous d'octave et des trous de note dudit hautbois, les trous de note étant positionnés uniquement dans la seconde partie de corps et le pavillon. Ainsi, le hautbois conforme à l'invention présente une nouvelle répartition du corps, et n'est plus traditionnellement découpé en deux parties haute et basse, de longueur sensiblement égale, mais plutôt constitué d'un corps principal sur lequel est monté une tête de hautbois. Cette dernière comporte les trous d'octave situés à proximité de la piperelle, et éventuellement les trous de trille disposés entre ces trous d'octave et les trous de note. Ce nouveau positionnement du plan d'emboîtement transversal des deux parties du corps permet en particulier de modifier le pointage des notes le long du corps du hautbois, et notamment de rapprocher certaines notes traditionnellement éloignées à cause de la présence de moyens de fixation nécessaires entre les deux parties de corps d'un hautbois classique. En outre, le hautbois comporte une tête facilement interchangeable, permettant une adaptation de diapason et une recherche de son spécifique pour chaque hautbois par simple changement de la tête. Par ailleurs, en cas de fente de cette tête du hautbois, celle-ci pourra plus facilement être changée et remplacée par une nouvelle tête adaptable au corps principal du hautbois. Selon une caractéristique préférée de l'invention, le plan d'emboîtement transversal est situé entre les trous d'octave et des trous de trille disposés entre les trous d'octave et les trous de note. En d'autres termes, la première partie du corps du hautbois ne comporte que des trous d'octave. Selon une autre caractéristique préférée de l'invention, la Clé de Sol dièse s'étend en partie sous la Clé de Mi bémol. Cette disposition des clés situées traditionnellement entre les trous de note de La et de Sol, est rendue possible par l'absence de plan d'emboîtement dans cette portion du corps du hautbois. Elle permet une meilleure ergonomie de jeu pour le musicien lors du passage d'une clé à l'autre. Avantageusement, un hautbois conforme à l'invention comprend en tant qu'accessoire une autre première partie interchangeable avec ladite première partie, de telle sorte que le musicien peut modifier le son et la tonalité de l'instrument. Selon un second aspect de l'invention, elle vise également une tête de hautbois, comportant des trous d'octave et portant à une extrémité une piperelle adaptée à recevoir une anche. Cette tête de hautbois est adaptée à être emboîtée sur une seconde partie de corps d'un hautbois conforme au premier aspect de l'invention. D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après. Au dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif : la figure 1 illustre un hautbois démonté conforme à un mode de réalisation de l'invention. On va décrire à présent en référence à la figure 1 un hautbois conforme l'invention. Ce hautbois comporte trois parties : un partie de corps 10, portant à extrémité une piperelle 11 , qui sera appelée dans la suite de la description tête 10 du hautbois ; une seconde partie 20 adaptée à être montée au niveau d'une première extrémité 20a sur la tête 10 du hautbois; et - un pavillon 30 destiné à être monté au niveau d'une seconde extrémité 20b du corps 20 du hautbois. On va décrire à présent plus en détail chacune de ces parties 10, 20, 30 du hautbois conforme à l'invention. La première partie 10 porte ainsi à une extrémité 10a une piperelle 11 adaptée à recevoir une anche (non représentée). Cette tête 10 de hautbois comporte à une seconde extrémité 10b dans sa longueur des moyens de fixation 12 adaptés à permettre l'emboîtement de cette tête 10 dans le corps 20 du hautbois. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, ces moyens de fixation 12 sont constitués d'un tenon formant ainsi une saillie au-delà de la tête 10. Cette tête de hautbois peut avoir une longueur comprise entre 100 et 120 mm. De préférence, elle a une longueur de 102 mm, non compris les moyens de fixation 12 faisant saillie. Cette tête 10 de hautbois a donc une longueur très inférieure à la longueur habituelle d'un corps du haut d'un hautbois traditionnel, sensiblement égale à 233 mm. Ainsi, cette tête 10 de hautbois comporte uniquement dans ce mode de réalisation les trous d'octave 13, au nombre de trois. Elle supporte également la tringlerie et les clés 14 associées respectivement à chacun des trous d'octave 13. Le corps principal 20 du hautbois comporte également des moyens de fixation 21a, 21b disposés respectivement à chacune de ses extrémités 20a, 20b. L'extrémité 20a de ce corps 20 étant destinée à coopérer en emboîtement avec la tête 10 du hautbois, les moyens de fixation 21a sont formés d'une mortaise 21a de dimension complémentaire au tenon 12. A contrario, la seconde extrémité 20b du corps 20 comporte des moyens de fixation 21 b constitués d'un tenon semblable au tenon 12 de la tête 10 du hautbois. La longueur de ce corps 20 de hautbois, non compris les moyens de fixation 21 b faisant saillie à une extrémité 20b de ce corps 20, est comprise entre 365 et 375 mm. Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit, la tête de hautbois ayant une longueur de 102 mm, le corps 20 a de préférence une longueur de 370 mm. Ainsi, cette partie de corps 20 du hautbois a une longueur nettement supérieure à la longueur classique du corps du bas d'un hautbois traditionnel, d'environ 238 mm. Ce corps 20 du hautbois comporte du haut vers le bas (c'est-à-dire de la droite vers la gauche sur la figure) des trous de trille (encore appelés trous de cadence) 22 et un demi trou 23, correspondant à l'octaviation des notes Mi bémol, Ré et Ré bémol, associé au plateau de Ré bémol (ou Do dièse à vide). Le corps 20 du hautbois est ainsi percé d'une succession de trous correspondant aux notes Do bécarre, Si, Si bémol, La, Sol dièse, Sol, Fa dièse, Fa, Mi, Mi bémol, Ré, Ré bémol et Do. On notera à cet égard qu'il existe deux notes Fa appelées respectivement Fa fourche et Fa clef. Ce corps 20 du hautbois comporte également de manière classique l'ensemble de la tringlerie et des clés associées à chacun des trous de note, permettant l'ouverture ou la fermeture de ces trous. En particulier, il comporte une clé 24, appelée Clé de Sol dièse et les clés 25, 26, 27, appelées respectivement Clé de Mi bémol, Clé de Si bécarre et Clé de Si bémol formant une partie connue sous le nom de patte d'oie. Cette partie 20 du corps de hautbois est destinée à être montée au niveau de la seconde extrémité 20b sur le pavillon 30. Ce dernier comporte à ne extrémité 30a des moyens de fixation complémentaires 31 a, ici constitués d'une mortaise 31a adaptée à coopérer avec le tenon 21 b du corps 20. L'autre extrémité 30b de ce pavillon forme une ouverture débouchant à l'air libre, propre à permettre la résonance du hautbois, le Si bémol grave sortant par cette ouverture. La longueur de ce pavillon est sensiblement égale à 128 mm, et correspond à la longueur du pavillon d'un hautbois traditionnel. L'ensemble de l'instrument, une fois monté, a une longueur entre la piperelle 11 et l'extrémité 30b du pavillon sensiblement égale à 600 mm. De manière classique, ce pavillon 30 comporte un trou de la note Si bécarre, ainsi qu'un orifice 32 permettant de modifier la résonance de ce pavillon. Ainsi, le hautbois conforme à l'invention présente un plan d'emboîtement entre la tête 10 et le corps 20 situé entre les trous d'octave 13 et les trous de note, et dans cet exemple de réalisation entre les trous d'octave 13 et les trous de trille 22 disposés à proximité de l'extrémité 20a du corps 20 du hautbois. Ce nouvel agencement permet de supprimer le plan d'emboîtement traditionnellement prévu dans le corps du hautbois sensiblement entre les trous de note Sol dièse et Sol. Cette nouvelle disposition du plan d'emboîtement permet d'obtenir un corps 20 plus homogène, notamment au niveau de la perce longitudinale du corps dès lors qu'il n'existe plus de différence de diamètre intérieur entre les différents corps due à l'emboîtement du corps du haut et du corps du bas dans un hautbois traditionnel. On supprime ainsi tout risque de décalage ou de décentrage intérieur dans le corps principal du hautbois. Ce corps 20 étant d'une seule pièce, le pointage, c'est-à-dire le positionnement des trous de note sur l'instrument, peut être amélioré et en particulier mieux distribué. Le système de tringles et de clés associées peut ainsi être réalisé de manière plus logique. En particulier, il est possible de rapprocher les trous des notes La, Sol dièse et Sol dès lors qu'il n'existe plus de tenon au niveau de cette portion de corps 20. En pratique, il est possible de remonter le trou de Sol d'environ 3 mm en direction de la piperelle 11 du hautbois, et au contraire de baisser l'ensemble des trous de note Sol dièse, La, Si bémol, Si et Do d'environ 2 mm en direction du pavillon 30. La distance entre Sol et Sol dièse peut ainsi être diminuée d'environ 5 mm par rapport à un hautbois traditionnel. Il est également possible de baisser le plateau du Ré bémol médium d'environ 5 mm, le demi trou 23 faisant également office de clé d'octave pour les notes graves, Mi bémol, Ré et Ré bémol. Le rapprochement de cette clé d'octave 23 par rapport à la note fondamentale améliore sensiblement le passage à l'octave de ces notes fondamentales, en particulier pour la note Ré bémol considérée comme la note la plus délicate de l'instrument. Par ailleurs, grâce à la suppression du plan d'emboîtement au niveau de la note Sol dièse, et des clés 24-27 de la patte d'oie, il est possible d'obtenir une mécanique plus ergonomique en modifiant la disposition des clés au niveau de cette patte d'oie. En particulier, comme bien illustré sur la figure, la Clé deThe present invention relates to a wind musical instrument such as an oboe. It also relates to an oboe head adapted to be mounted on a body part of the oboe according to the invention. Oboes are wind musical instruments generally comprising three parts which fit into each other. Thus, an oboe has an elongated body in two interlocking parts, one inside the other. A first part, carrying at one end a piper suitable for receiving a reed, is called the upper body. A second part of the body, called the bottom body, is adapted to be fitted onto a pavilion constituting a third part of the oboe. The various parts of the body and of the roof are pierced with holes, the opening or closing of which make it possible in particular to modify the pitch of the sound emitted by the instrument. Conventionally, these holes are plugged by means of pads covered with cork or felt, these pads being themselves actuated by means of a series of keys by means of rods extending between the keys and the pads. Conventionally, an oboe has, from its piperelle to the pavilion, a series of openings and in particular octave holes, trill holes (also called cadence holes) and note holes spanning more an octave between B flat low and C sharp or D flat at medium vacuum. In a traditional oboe, the upper body has the octave holes, the trill holes and the note holes between C sharp and G sharp. The bottom body has note holes between G and C, while the horn has the note hole B and a hole allowing to modify the resonance of the pavilion. The B flat serious is obtained by closing the B bécarre, all notes blocked. This type of wind musical instrument is still traditionally made of wood, and generally ebony, for the qualities of sound it provides. However, such an instrument is very fragile, and it is not uncommon for the body of the oboe, and more particularly the body of the top of the oboe, to split in contact with the moisture present in the breath of musicians and during shocks. thermal. In addition, the mounting of the upper body and the lower body is not always facilitated by the presence of keys and rods which extend beyond each of the bodies. The present invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide an oboe providing better ergonomics for mounting and playing for the musician. To this end, the present invention relates to an oboe comprising an elongated body in two parts which fit together, a first part carrying at one end a piperel adapted to receive a reed, and a second part being adapted to be fitted on a pavilion. According to the invention, a transverse interlocking plane of the two parts of the body is located between octave holes and note holes of said oboe, the note holes being positioned only in the second body part and the horn. Thus, the oboe according to the invention has a new distribution of the body, and is no longer traditionally cut into two upper and lower parts, of substantially equal length, but rather consisting of a main body on which is mounted a head. oboe. The latter includes the octave holes located near the piperelle, and possibly the trill holes arranged between these octave holes and the note holes. This new positioning of the transverse interlocking plane of the two parts of the body makes it possible in particular to modify the pointing of the notes along the body of the oboe, and in particular to bring certain notes closer together. traditionally distant because of the presence of necessary fixing means between the two body parts of a conventional oboe. In addition, the oboe has an easily interchangeable head, allowing adaptation of the tuning fork and a specific sound search for each oboe by simply changing the head. Furthermore, if this oboe head is slit, it can more easily be changed and replaced by a new head adaptable to the main oboe body. According to a preferred characteristic of the invention, the transverse nesting plane is located between the octave holes and trill holes arranged between the octave holes and the note holes. In other words, the first part of the oboe body only has octave holes. According to another preferred characteristic of the invention, the C sharp key extends in part under the E flat key. This arrangement of the keys traditionally located between the note holes of La and G, is made possible by the absence of nesting plan in this portion of the body of the oboe. It allows better ergonomics for the musician when switching from one key to another. Advantageously, an oboe according to the invention comprises as an accessory another first part interchangeable with said first part, so that the musician can modify the sound and the tone of the instrument. According to a second aspect of the invention, it also relates to an oboe head, comprising octave holes and carrying at one end a piperel adapted to receive a reed. This oboe head is adapted to be fitted onto a second body part of an oboe in accordance with the first aspect of the invention. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below. In the appended drawing, given by way of nonlimiting example: Figure 1 illustrates a disassembled oboe according to an embodiment of the invention. We will now describe with reference to Figure 1 an oboe according to the invention. This oboe has three parts: a body part 10, carrying at the end a piperel 11, which will be called in the following description of the head 10 of the oboe; a second part 20 adapted to be mounted at a first end 20a on the head 10 of the oboe; and - a flag 30 intended to be mounted at a second end 20b of the body 20 of the oboe. We will now describe in more detail each of these parts 10, 20, 30 of the oboe according to the invention. The first part 10 thus carries at one end 10a a piperel 11 adapted to receive a reed (not shown). This oboe head 10 has, at a second end 10b along its length, fastening means 12 adapted to allow this head 10 to fit into the body 20 of the oboe. In this exemplary embodiment, these fixing means 12 consist of a tenon thus forming a projection beyond the head 10. This oboe head can have a length of between 100 and 120 mm. Preferably, it has a length of 102 mm, not including the fixing means 12 projecting. This oboe head 10 therefore has a length much less than the usual length of a body from the top of a traditional oboe, substantially equal to 233 mm. Thus, this oboe head 10 comprises only in this embodiment the octave holes 13, three in number. It also supports the linkage and the keys 14 associated respectively with each of the octave holes 13. The main body 20 of the oboe also includes fixing means 21a, 21b respectively disposed at each of its ends 20a, 20b. The end 20a of this body 20 being intended to cooperate in interlocking with the head 10 of the oboe, the fixing means 21a are formed of a mortise 21a of dimension complementary to the stud 12. Conversely, the second end 20b of the body 20 comprises fixing means 21b consisting of a tenon similar to the tenon 12 of the head 10 of the oboe. The length of this oboe body 20, not including the fixing means 21 b protruding at one end 20b of this body 20, is between 365 and 375 mm. In the embodiment described, the oboe head having a length of 102 mm, the body 20 preferably has a length of 370 mm. Thus, this body part 20 of the oboe has a length significantly greater than the conventional length of the bottom body of a traditional oboe, of approximately 238 mm. This oboe body 20 has from the top to the bottom (that is to say from the right to the left in the figure) trill holes (also called cadence holes) 22 and a half hole 23, corresponding to the octaviation of E-flat, D and D-flat notes, associated with the D-flat (or C sharp empty) platter. The body 20 of the oboe is thus pierced with a succession of holes corresponding to the notes Do bécarre, Si, Si bémol, La, G sharp, G, F sharp, F, E, E flat, D, D flat and C. It will be noted in this respect that there are two notes Fa respectively called Fa fork and Fa key. This body 20 of the oboe also conventionally comprises all of the linkage and keys associated with each of the note holes, allowing the opening or closing of these holes. In particular, it comprises a key 24, called the Treble clef and the keys 25, 26, 27, respectively called E-flat key, B-bar key and B-flat key forming a part known as the paw. goose. This part 20 of the oboe body is intended to be mounted at the second end 20b on the pavilion 30. The latter comprises at its end 30a complementary fixing means 31a, here constituted by a mortise 31a adapted to cooperate with the lug 21b of the body 20. The other end 30b of this pavilion forms an opening leading to the open air, capable of allowing the oboe to resonate, the B flat serious coming out through this opening. The length of this flag is substantially equal to 128 mm, and corresponds to the length of the flag of a traditional oboe. The entire instrument, once mounted, has a length between the piperel 11 and the end 30b of the flag substantially equal to 600 mm. Conventionally, this pavilion 30 has a hole in the note Si bécarre, as well as an orifice 32 making it possible to modify the resonance of this pavilion. Thus, the oboe according to the invention has an interlocking plane between the head 10 and the body 20 situated between the octave holes 13 and the note holes, and in this embodiment between the octave holes 13 and the trill holes 22 disposed near the end 20a of the body 20 of the oboe. This new arrangement eliminates the nesting plan traditionally provided in the body of the oboe substantially between the note holes G sharp and G. This new arrangement of the nesting plane makes it possible to obtain a more homogeneous body 20, in particular at the level of the longitudinal bore of the body as soon as there is no longer any difference in internal diameter between the different bodies due to the nesting. upper body and lower body in a traditional oboe. This eliminates any risk of internal offset or decentering in the main body of the oboe. This body 20 being in one piece, the pointing, that is to say the positioning of the note holes on the instrument, can be improved and in particular better distributed. The system of rods and associated keys can thus be implemented in a more logical manner. In particular, it is possible to bring the holes of the La, G sharp and G notes closer as soon as there is no longer a stud at the level of this body portion 20. In practice, it is possible to go up the G hole by about 3 mm in the direction of the piperelle 11 of the oboe, and on the contrary by lowering the set of note holes G sharp, A, B-flat, B and C by about 2 mm in the direction of pavilion 30. The distance between G and G sharp can thus be reduced by about 5 mm compared to a traditional oboe. It is also possible to lower the platform of the D flat medium by about 5 mm, the half hole 23 also serving as an octave key for low notes, E flat, D and D flat. The approximation of this octave key 23 relative to the fundamental note appreciably improves the transition to the octave of these fundamental notes, in particular for the D flat note considered as the most delicate note of the instrument. Furthermore, thanks to the elimination of the nesting plan at the level of the sharp note, and the 24-27 keys of the crow's feet, it is possible to obtain more ergonomic mechanics by modifying the arrangement of the keys at level of this crow's feet. In particular, as illustrated in the figure, the Key to
Sol dièse 24 s'étend en partie sous la Clé de Mi bémol 25. Ce type de montage, rendu pratiquement impossible dans un hautbois traditionnel où le plan d'emboîtement est réalisé au niveau de la patte d'oie, permet d'obtenir un positionnement des clés facilitant le jeu du musicien. En outre, la tête 10 du hautbois présente l'avantage de pouvoir être changée facilement, aussi bien pour le son et le jeu de l'instrument que son changement en cas de fente du bois. En effet, cette partie de tête 10 est primordiale pour le son, la justesse et l'octaviation de l'instrument et il peut être intéressant que le hautbois comprenne en tant qu'accessoire une ou plusieurs têtes interchangeables. Par exemple, cette tête 10 de hautbois pourrait avoir des diamètres de perce longitudinale différents, ainsi qu'éventuellement des longueurs différentes. En outre, il est possible d'utiliser une tête en matériau insensible aux chocs thermiques et à l'humidité, tel que par exemple en résine, en plastique ou encore en polymétacrylate de méthyl du type Altuglass ®. Ce type de matériau offre une meilleure résistance de la tête de hautbois vis-à-vis des fentes, qui apparaissent en raison de la présence d'humidité dans l'haleine du musicien, mais aussi dans le cas de concert dans des lieux froids (église, air conditionné,...). Chaque musicien peut ainsi personnaliser l'instrument par le choix d'une tête de hautbois 10 appropriée. Bien entendu, de nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées à l'exemple de réalisation ci-dessus sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Ainsi, on a décrit un exemple de réalisation dans lequel le plan d'emboîtement de la tête 10 et du corps principal 20 du hautbois est situé entre les trous d'octave 13 et les trous de trille 22. On pourrait toutefois envisager dans le cadre de l'invention que le plan d'emboîtement soit situé entre les trous de trille 22 et les trous de note, et par exemple entre les trous de trille 22 et le trou de la note Ré bémol médium à vide. En outre, on a décrit en référence à la figure 1 un hautbois en Ut. La présente invention trouverait également son application pour d'autres types d'instrument de musique à vent, tel qu'un hautbois piccolo musette en Mi bémol, un hautbois d'amour en La, un hautbois baryton en Ut ou encore un Cor anglais en Fa. G sharp 24 extends partly under the E-flat key 25. This type of mounting, made practically impossible in a traditional oboe where the nesting plan is made at the crow's feet, allows to obtain a positioning of keys facilitating the musician's game. In addition, the head 10 of the oboe has the advantage of being able to be changed easily, both for the sound and the playing of the instrument as well as its change in the event of splitting of the wood. Indeed, this head portion 10 is essential for the sound, the accuracy and the octaviation of the instrument and it may be advantageous for the oboe to include as accessory one or more interchangeable heads. For example, this oboe head 10 could have different longitudinal bore diameters, as well as possibly different lengths. In addition, it is possible to use a head made of a material insensitive to thermal shock and humidity, such as for example resin, plastic or also polymethyl methacrylate of the Altuglass® type. This type of material offers better resistance of the oboe head to the slots, which appear due to the presence of moisture in the breath of the musician, but also in the case of concert in cold places ( church, air conditioning, ...). Each musician can thus personalize the instrument by choosing an appropriate oboe head 10. Of course, many modifications can be made to the above embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, an exemplary embodiment has been described in which the nesting plane of the head 10 and of the main body 20 of the oboe is located between the octave holes 13 and the trill holes 22. One could however consider in the context of the invention that the nesting plane is located between the trill holes 22 and the note holes, and for example between the trill holes 22 and the note hole D flat medium vacuum. In addition, there has been described with reference to Figure 1 an oboe in C. The present invention would also find its application for other types of wind musical instrument, such as a piccolo oboe musette in E-flat, a love oboe in A, a baritone oboe in C or even an English horn in Fa.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Hautbois comprenant un corps allongé en deux parties emboîtables l'une dans l'autre, une première partie (10) portant à une extrémité (10a) une piperelle (11 ) adaptée à recevoir une anche et une seconde partie (20) étant adaptée à être emboîtée sur un pavillon (30), caractérisé en ce qu'un plan d'emboîtement transversal des deux parties du corps est situé entre des trous d'octave (13) et des trous de note, les trous de notes étant positionnés uniquement dans ladite seconde partie (20) et le pavillon (30). 1. Oboe comprising an elongated body in two interlocking parts, one first part (10) carrying at one end (10a) a piperel (11) adapted to receive a reed and a second part (20) being adapted to be fitted onto a horn (30), characterized in that a transverse fitting plane of the two parts of the body is located between octave holes (13) and note holes, the note holes being positioned only in said second part (20) and the roof (30).
2. Hautbois conforme à la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit plan d'emboîtement transversal est situé entre les trous d'octave (13) et des trous de trille (22) disposés entre lesdits trous d'octave (13) et les trous de note. 2. Oboe according to claim 1, characterized in that said transverse interlocking plane is located between the octave holes (13) and trill holes (22) disposed between said octave holes (13) and the note holes.
3. Hautbois conforme à la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la première partie de corps (10) ne comporte que des trous d'octave (13). 3. Oboe according to claim 2, characterized in that the first body part (10) has only octave holes (13).
4. Hautbois conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la Clé de Sol dièse (24) s'étend en partie sous la Clé de Mi bémol (25). 4. Oboe according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Treble clef key (24) extends partly under the E-flat key (25).
5. Hautbois conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la première partie de corps (10) portant les trous d'octave (13) a une longueur comprise entre 100 et 120 mm. 5. Oboe according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first body part (10) carrying the octave holes (13) has a length between 100 and 120 mm.
6. Hautbois conforme à la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite première partie de corps (10) a une longueur sensiblement égale à 102 mm. 6. Oboe according to claim 5, characterized in that said first body part (10) has a length substantially equal to 102 mm.
7. Hautbois conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la seconde partie de corps (20) portant les trous de note a une longueur sensiblement égale à 370 mm. 7. Oboe according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second body part (20) carrying the note holes has a length substantially equal to 370 mm.
8. Hautbois conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en tant qu'accessoire une autre première partie interchangeable avec ladite première partie (10). 8. Oboe according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises as an accessory another first part interchangeable with said first part (10).
9. Tête de hautbois, comportant des trous d'octave (13) et portant à une extrémité (10a) une piperelle (11 ) adaptée à recevoir une anche, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est adaptée à être emboîtée sur une seconde partie de corps (20) d'un hautbois conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 8. 9. Oboe head, comprising octave holes (13) and carrying at one end (10a) a piperelle (11) adapted to receive a reed, characterized in that it is adapted to be fitted onto a second body part (20) of an oboe according to one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Tête de hautbois conforme à la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle a une longueur comprise entre 100 et 120 mm. 10. Oboe head according to claim 9, characterized in that it has a length of between 100 and 120 mm.
11. Tête de hautbois conforme à l'une des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre des trous de trille (22). 11. Oboe head according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it further comprises trill holes (22).
EP05739469A 2004-03-22 2005-03-15 Oboe and oboe head Active EP1728241B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0402918A FR2867891B1 (en) 2004-03-22 2004-03-22 OBOE AND HEAD OF OBOE
PCT/FR2005/000619 WO2005104087A1 (en) 2004-03-22 2005-03-15 Oboe and oboe head

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FR3040105B1 (en) * 2015-08-14 2019-06-28 Buffet Crampon DETACHABLE OBOE ACCORDING TO A NEW DECOUPAGE
FR3040106B1 (en) * 2015-08-14 2022-01-28 Buffet Crampon G# AND C MECHANISM FOR OBOE, AND INSTRUMENT SO EQUIPPED
CZ2018569A3 (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-10-02 Roman Zlesák Clarinet

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JP2007530994A (en) 2007-11-01
FR2867891A1 (en) 2005-09-23
US20080066606A1 (en) 2008-03-20
ATE541286T1 (en) 2012-01-15
FR2867891B1 (en) 2006-06-09
EP1728241B1 (en) 2012-01-11

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