EP1709209B1 - Procede de frittage d'un alliage leger - Google Patents

Procede de frittage d'un alliage leger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1709209B1
EP1709209B1 EP04802845A EP04802845A EP1709209B1 EP 1709209 B1 EP1709209 B1 EP 1709209B1 EP 04802845 A EP04802845 A EP 04802845A EP 04802845 A EP04802845 A EP 04802845A EP 1709209 B1 EP1709209 B1 EP 1709209B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sintering
alloy
sintered
light metal
alloys
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EP04802845A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1709209A2 (fr
Inventor
Angelika Pohl
Otto Stock
Klaus Edgar BÄCHLE
Anton Eiberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Priority to PL04802845T priority Critical patent/PL1709209T3/pl
Publication of EP1709209A2 publication Critical patent/EP1709209A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for light metal alloy sintering for lightweight metal parts and subsequently produced light metal parts.
  • Sintered parts meet all the necessary requirements for mechanical strength and elasticity in simpler manufacturing processes. Both homogeneously melting metal powder mixtures and non-homogeneous melting of metal powder mixtures can be used as starting materials. It can powders, granules, Gries od. Like. Of different grain sizes are used. These are usually pressed with a pressing aid, which is required to demold the compacted part from the mold, and then sintered, where it undergoes a greater or lesser shrinkage during sintering by eliminating the voids in the structure.
  • the sintering of iron-containing powders is known, for example. From EP 11 33 374 B1 or the EP 1246950 B1 , however, the experience of sintering steel powder is not transferable to the sintering of light metal sintered parts, such as aluminum, because iron and its alloys do not form a refractory oxide layer which interferes with later sintering of the powder particles. Due to the high ductility of the material, sintering processes are easy to carry out for steel alloys. For the most brittle light metals, a high non-uniform shrinkage of ⁇ 2 - 6 vol% was observed in this conventional sintering process, resulting in non-massive parts and very high reject rates. Consequently, the production of light metal sintered parts has so far been problematic.
  • light metal sintered parts it is desirable to use light metal sintered parts to save weight and to allow lightweight construction. This is especially true for parts for vehicle production - both land and air, but is useful for all applications, including those where weight should be saved. Light metal parts also have the advantage of low corrosion because they have passivated surfaces - hence they are often superior in applications where iron parts might rust - for example, in wet rooms, alkaline environments, etc. Hitherto, light metal sintered parts, for example, aluminum alloy sintered parts, have been produced by a conventional sintering method in which the powder to be sintered - Which may consist of a material or a mixture of materials, was first pressed with a pressing aid to a green compact. This was then sintered, quenched and calibrated at a sintering temperature in the range of 60 to 90% of the liquidus temperature of the sintered material.
  • a method of sintering aluminum powder is known from DE 19950595 in which high-density metal powder is sintered at relatively low temperatures in order to avoid a liquid phase. This process provided parts whose mechanical properties could still be improved.
  • the object is achieved by a sintering method with the features of claim 1 for lightweight metal parts.
  • Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.
  • the invention also relates to sintered parts, according to claim 15.
  • the grain structure is surprisingly changed so that the shrinkage during subsequent sintering at a high sintering temperature is very low and the uncontrolled shrinkage, which led to the high reject rates, is avoided.
  • the grain structure thereof is changed so that there is a better solidification. Since the pressing aid was removed in the sintering step, a high degree of compaction can be achieved.
  • the grains of the structure are thereby elongated due to the two-dimensional pressing, whereby this deformation is retained until the end product.
  • the elongated grains provide a very good internal consolidation of the part - as could be achieved in a similar way at most by fibers.
  • This high compression is followed by a high sintering at very high sintering temperatures, which strengthens this structure, dissipates stresses in the high-density sintered body, and further bonds occur between adjacent grains.
  • very high sintering temperatures are here referred to those which are located in the upper limit of the sintering temperature of the light metal alloy. Usually, sintering takes place at 60 to 90% of the liquidus temperature of the alloy to be sintered.
  • Multiphase powders and powder blends are generally sintered near the melting or solidus temperature of the lowest melting component of the blend.
  • high sintering temperatures are understood as meaning those of more than 90% of the liquidus temperature and, under normal sintering temperatures, those which are around 90% of the liquidus temperature. Subsequently, the part thus produced can be calibrated.
  • the parts produced in this way are very dimensionally stable and have very favorable physical properties due to the microstructure produced by the process.
  • the sintered part may be advantageous to quench the sintered part in water, especially if the sintered part is substantially non-reactive, for example. Oxidation-prone.
  • the selection of the quenching medium depends strongly on the material - but is easily accessible to the skilled person. In this case, gaseous or liquid quenching media can be used - depending on the behavior of the freshly sintered part relative to the medium.
  • solution annealing i. to use a heat treatment at lower temperatures of about 70% to 95% of the liquidus point of the light metal alloy after sintering followed by quenching, whereby the part is easier calibrated and dissolved in the structure unevenly distributed alloying elements in the solid solution and homogenized.
  • the light metal alloy may be selected from aluminum alloys, Mg alloys, Be alloys or material mixtures with hard parts, such as SiC, boron carbide, boron nitride, tungsten carbide, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 or AIN, TiB 2.
  • titanium alloys such as TiAl, TiAlNb, or else Mg alloys or beryllium alloys or lithium alloys.
  • AlSi, AlSiCu, AlSiCuMg For aluminum alloys, it is currently preferred among others. AlSi, AlSiCu, AlSiCuMg.
  • an aluminum alloy has from about 1 to 4% Cu, 12 to 17% Si, 0 to 3% Mg, balance aluminum, preferably 2 to 3% Cu, 13 to 16% Si 0 to 3% Mg , Rest aluminum proved to be suitable - of course, other sinterable light metal alloys, such as those of magnesium or beryllium can be used.
  • aluminum alloys which except aluminum, one or more metals such as 0.1 - 15% Cu, 0.1 - 30% Mg, 0.1 - 40% Si; 0.1-15% Cu, 0.1-15% Zn, 0.1-15% Ti, 0.1-9% Sn, 0.1-2.5% Mn, 0.1-5% Ni and / or have less than 1% As, Sb, Co, Be, Pb or B.
  • an aluminum-silicon alloy sintered body may be made of powder of an aluminum-silicon alloy mixed with pure aluminum powder - that is, various components are compounded into the final composition. It may also be very important to select the powder type - depending on the preparation of the powder, this may have a smaller grain size, which may be desirable for the preparation of an intimate mixture - or have a larger grain. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to use powder of small particle size, which compresses very well and mixes well. The invention is by no means limited to the use of such powders. Typical powders have a mean particle size of 50-150 ⁇ m.
  • the powder mixture In order to be able to produce green compacts, the powder mixture must have a binding and / or pressing aid, since the powder can be brought into defined, relatively permanent forms only in the cold state with pressing aids, which are then sintered. Particularly preferred are those pressing aids which are easily driven out thermally, such as long-chain hydrocarbons or materials containing long-chain hydrocarbon chains - all materials customary in this field can be used.
  • the invention also relates to light metal components, according to claim 15 and 16.
  • the inventive sintered parts have a conspicuously one-dimensional pressed grain structure, which leads to a high strength and elasticity and thus mechanical strength with high dimensional accuracy.
  • Typical light metal components that can be so manufactured and used are rotors, stators, wheels such as pump wheels, sprockets, gears and rollers of all kinds, valve parts for engines, cam for built-up camshaft u. like. More.
  • An aluminum powder mixture of AlSiA and AlSi14Mg having a final composition of about 2% copper, about 14% silicon, 0.5% magnesium, balance aluminum - the alloy is subject to mixture variations as various starting alloys are mixed together - with ⁇ 2% wax becomes usually to a green disk of a diameter of 10 cm and 1 cm in height with a green strength of> 8.0 N / mm 2 compressed to a density of 90% of the theoretical density.
  • This green compact is sintered in a dry nitrogen atmosphere oven at 500-530 ° C, shrinking by about 1% by volume.
  • the part is quenched by inert gas and the state thus obtained frozen.
  • a section through this sintered part is in Fig. 2 shown.
  • the dark grains are silicon and the lighter grains are the aluminum alloy.
  • the edge of the sintered part shown on the left is still quite open and rough.
  • the post-compacted pre-sintered disc is then transferred to a sintering furnace with N 2 atmosphere and sintered at 560-570 ° C for about 1 hour. Thereafter, the part is quenched after solution annealing. A cut through the part after this treatment is in Fig. 4 shown.
  • the structure is now even denser - ie there are fewer dark spots in the structure - and many grain boundaries are blurred. Significantly, the compacted structure, especially in the dense surface, falls on.
  • the sintered part thus treated is then compressed in a sizing press by about another 1-2% of its height and assumes its final shape. This step can be followed by another hot aging to resolve stresses in the structure.
  • the green compact thus produced is pre-sintered at 500 ° C, where it undergoes a shrinkage of about 1 vol.% And quenched the sintered part.
  • the sintered part is cold-compacted in a press by 5% of its height.
  • This cold densified pre-sintered part is then transferred to a sintering furnace and sintered at 565-570 ° C under N 2 or other inert gas for about 1 hour. Thereafter solution heat treatment and quenching in nitrogen or water takes place.
  • the material experiences only a minor compaction of less than 1%.
  • the sintered part thus treated is then cold compressed again in another press by 5% of its height and now takes substantially its final shape. It is then transferred to a sintering furnace and sintered at 565 - 570 ° C under argon or other inert gas for about 1 hour. Thereafter solution heat treatment and quenching in nitrogen or water takes place.
  • the material experiences only a minor compaction of less than 1%.
  • the double-compacted sintered part is pressed again in a sizing press by about 1% of its height.
  • a sizing press can join this step warm Auslagern.
  • An aluminum powder mixture of a final composition of about 5% copper, about 0.5% silicon, about 0.5% magnesium, the balance aluminum - the alloy is subject to mix variations as different starting alloys are mixed together - with ⁇ 2% wax becomes conventional pressed to a green rod with a green strength of> 8.0 N / mm 2 to a density of 90% of the theoretical density.
  • This green compact is sintered in a dry nitrogen atmosphere furnace at 520-560 ° C, shrinking by about 1% by volume.
  • This part is then two-dimensionally recompressed in a press by 12% of its height to a density of about 95% of the theoretical density.
  • the post-compacted pre-sintered disc is then transferred to a sintering furnace with N 2 atmosphere and sintered at 580-610 ° C for about 1 hour. Then the part is quenched after solution annealing. The structure is now even denser.
  • the sintered part thus treated is then compressed in a sizing press by about another 1-2% of its height and assumes its final shape. This step can be followed by another hot aging to improve the mechanical properties.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé de frittage de pièces en métal léger de dimensions stables, comprenant les étapes suivantes:
    compression d' un mélange de poudre à fritter en alliage léger avec un accessoire de compression pour obtenir une ébauche crue avec une densification atteignant environ 90% de sa densité théorique;
    frittage de l'ébauche crue à une température de frittage de 80 - 95 % de la température de liquidus de l'alliage de métal léger avec enlèvement de l'accessoire de compression;
    recompression à froid à deux dimensions de la pièce préfrittée d'environ 10 - 12% de sa hauteur avec déformation allongée des grains de la structure;
    frittage final de la pièce recomprimée à des températures de frittage élevées de 90 - 99 % de la température de liquidus de l'alliage de métal léger;
    calibrage de la pièce frittée finale avec une nouvelle compression d'environ 1 - 2% de sa hauteur.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une étape de frittage est exécutée sous une atmosphère de gaz protecteur.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la pièce frittée est trempée après le frittage.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la trempe est effectue avec un gaz ou un liquide.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue un recuit de mise en solution après au moins une étape de frittage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce calibrée est durcie par précipitation à chaud à une température de 20 à 25% de la température de liquidus de l'alliage fritté.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les étapes de compression et de frittage final sont exécutées de manière répétée.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage de métal léger est choisi parmi les alliages d'aluminium, les alliages de magnésium, les alliages de béryllium, les alliages de lithium, les alliages de titane, comme TiAl, TiAlNb ou des mélanges de matériaux de ceux-ci, avec des parties dures, comme SiC, carbure de bore, nitrure de bore, carbure de tungstène, Si02 ou aussi AIN, TiB2, Al2O3.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérise en ce que l'alliage est une alliage AI-Si résistant à l'usure.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérise en ce l'alliage d'aluminium est une alliage AlSi, AlSiCu, AlSiCuMg.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium se compose le 1 - 4 % Cu, 12 - 17 % Si, 0 - 3 % Mg, le reste étant de l'aluminium.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium se compose le 2 - 3 % Cu, 13 - 16 % Si, 0 - 3 % Mg, le reste étant de l'aluminium.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce l'alliage est un alliage d'aluminium résistant aux températures élevées.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient, en plus de l'aluminium 0,1 - 15 % Cu, 0,1 - 30 % Mg, 0,1 - 40 % Si; 0,1 - 15 % Cu, 0,1 - 15 % Zn, 0,1 - 15 % Ti, 0,1 - 9% Sn, 0,1 - 2,5 % Mn, 0,1 - 5 % Ni et/ou moins de 1 % As, Sb, Co, Be, Pb ou B et 0,8 - 40% Mo, W, Cr, V, Zr et/ou Yt.
  15. Composant en métal léger choisi parmi les alliages d'aluminium, les alliages de magnésium, les alliages de béryllium, les alliages de lithium or mélanges de matériaux de ceux-ci avec des parties dures, fabrique par un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 ou 9 à 14, avec déformation allongée des grains de la structure.
  16. Composé en métal léger selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il est une roue, une roue de pompe, des roues à chaîne, une roue dentée, un galet de toute nature, une pièce de soupape, une came pour les arbres à cames assemblées, rotor, stator.
EP04802845A 2004-01-19 2004-11-26 Procede de frittage d'un alliage leger Active EP1709209B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04802845T PL1709209T3 (pl) 2004-01-19 2004-11-26 Sposób spiekania stopów metali lekkich

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004002714A DE102004002714B3 (de) 2004-01-19 2004-01-19 Verfahren zum Leichtmetall-Legierungs-Sintern
PCT/DE2004/002636 WO2005068112A2 (fr) 2004-01-19 2004-11-26 Procede de frittage d'un alliage leger

Publications (2)

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EP1709209A2 EP1709209A2 (fr) 2006-10-11
EP1709209B1 true EP1709209B1 (fr) 2008-06-11

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EP (1) EP1709209B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE398190T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004002714B3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2272202T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1709209T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005068112A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102699327A (zh) * 2012-01-04 2012-10-03 洛阳科威钨钼有限公司 一种钼坩埚的制作工艺
CN103506624A (zh) * 2012-06-20 2014-01-15 中磁科技股份有限公司 钕铁硼磁体的烧结方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010003546B4 (de) * 2010-03-31 2016-02-04 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH Kombinierte Kettenrad-Stator-Einheit
CN103008662B (zh) * 2011-09-23 2015-06-03 复盛应用科技股份有限公司 复合金属的一体成型方法
DE102012017040A1 (de) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-27 Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundbauteils sowie ein Verbundbauteil
AT515747B1 (de) * 2014-04-24 2017-02-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Baugruppe
DE102017123738A1 (de) 2017-10-12 2019-04-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Antriebsrad für Nockenwellenversteller und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Antriebsrades für einen Nockenwellenversteller
CN108277369A (zh) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-13 兰州理工大学 一种轻质高硬铝合金加工工艺

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JP2000017307A (ja) * 1998-06-29 2000-01-18 Toyota Motor Corp 焼結部材の製造方法

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DE2438315C3 (de) * 1974-08-09 1979-01-25 Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege Gmbh, 5608 Krebsoege Verfahren zum pulvermetallurgischen Herstellen von Genauteilen
US4393563A (en) * 1981-05-26 1983-07-19 Smith David T Cold forced sintered powder metal annular bearing ring blanks
JP2761085B2 (ja) * 1990-07-10 1998-06-04 昭和電工株式会社 Ａｌ−Ｓｉ系合金粉末焼結部品用の原料粉末および焼結部品の製造方法
DE19850326A1 (de) * 1998-11-02 2000-05-04 Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gesinterten Bauteils mit Nachverformung des Grünlings
DE19950595C1 (de) * 1999-10-21 2001-02-01 Dorn Gmbh C Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sinterteilen aus einer Aluminiumsintermischung
PL191806B1 (pl) * 1999-12-31 2006-07-31 Inst Obrobki Plastycznej Sposób otrzymywania elementów kształtowych
DE10203283C5 (de) * 2002-01-29 2009-07-16 Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von gesinterten Bauteilen aus einem sinterfähigen Material und gesintertes Bauteil

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JP2000017307A (ja) * 1998-06-29 2000-01-18 Toyota Motor Corp 焼結部材の製造方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102699327A (zh) * 2012-01-04 2012-10-03 洛阳科威钨钼有限公司 一种钼坩埚的制作工艺
CN102699327B (zh) * 2012-01-04 2015-03-25 洛阳科威钨钼有限公司 一种钼坩埚的制作工艺
CN103506624A (zh) * 2012-06-20 2014-01-15 中磁科技股份有限公司 钕铁硼磁体的烧结方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2272202T1 (es) 2007-05-01
WO2005068112A2 (fr) 2005-07-28
DE502004007370D1 (fr) 2008-07-24
ES2272202T3 (es) 2008-12-01
EP1709209A2 (fr) 2006-10-11
ATE398190T1 (de) 2008-07-15
DE102004002714B3 (de) 2005-05-19
PL1709209T3 (pl) 2008-11-28
WO2005068112A3 (fr) 2006-01-19

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