EP1688568A2 - Door, in particular for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The door has a swivel joint (5) at which a support arm (7) is rotatably stored. The support arm is connected with a motor vehicle (2) in a flexible manner, where the swivel joint is lockable. The swivel joint is provided at a guiding trolley (13) that is guided in a guiding rail (14). The guiding trolley is connected with the swivel joint and the guiding rail runs in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Description

The invention relates to a door for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle. The invention can be applied to vehicles of all kinds, ie land vehicles, watercraft and aircraft.

A door for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 30 26 037. It is a so-called sliding door. To open the door, it must first be swung out of the plane of the vehicle body. Subsequently, the door is moved parallel to the vehicle body forward or backward. Accordingly, the door comprises a hinge on which an articulated arm is pivotally mounted. The other end of the articulated arm is pivotally connected to the motor vehicle.

The object of the invention is to propose a door for a vehicle that can be opened and closed both as a sliding door and as a revolving door.

According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of claim 1. The hinge on which the articulated arm is pivotally mounted, can be locked. If the door is to be opened as a revolving door, the swivel joint is locked. The door can then be opened by turning the articulated connection of the articulated arm with the vehicle. If the door is to be opened as a sliding door, the lock of the swivel joint is released. When the door is opened, the articulated arm is pivoted about the joint provided on the vehicle. It will also pivoted the swivel - in the opposite direction - so that the door is swung out of the plane of the body. It can then be moved parallel to the vehicle body.

Advantageous developments are described in the subclaims.

The hinge is preferably lockable in several pivotal positions. It is advantageous if the rotary joint can be locked in two pivotal positions. The first pivotal position is preferably that pivotal position in which the pivot is located when the door is closed. If the hinge is locked in this pivotal position, the door can be opened by a rotary motion, ie as a revolving door. The second pivotal position in which the hinge is lockable is preferably that pivotal position in which the hinge is located when the hinge arm and the door have been pivoted such that the door is spaced from the body of the vehicle and parallel in one direction located to the body of the vehicle. In this locked pivot position, the door can then be moved parallel to the vehicle body, so the door can be opened as a sliding door.

It is advantageous if the pivoting range of the rotary joint is limited.

A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the rotary joint is provided on a guide carriage, which is guided displaceably in a guide rail. The guide rail is provided in the door.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, a pull rod is provided, which is connected to the carriage. Preferably, the pull rod is pivotally connected to the carriage. In this case, the pivot axis of the pull rod on the guide carriage is preferably at a distance from the hinge of the articulated arm on the guide carriage.

A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the pull rod is selectively connectable or connected to the articulated arm or hinged to the vehicle. The hinge axis between the drawbar and the vehicle is preferably located at a distance from the pivot axis of the articulated arm to the vehicle.

According to a further advantageous development, a first shift pin is present, which can be brought into a position connecting the pull rod with the articulated arm. It is advantageous if, instead or additionally, a second shift pin is present, which can be brought into a position connecting the pull rod to the vehicle in an articulated manner. It is possible to provide a plurality of first shift pin and / or a plurality of second shift pin. It is advantageous if two first shift pin and / or two second shift pin are present. One or both shift pins can be spring loaded. The first shift pin and / or the second shift pin can be brought by a sliding curve in the switching position described.

According to a further advantageous development, a rotary valve is provided, through which the first switching pin can be brought into the position connecting the pull rod to the articulated arm. Instead or additionally, by the rotary valve of the second shift pin in which the drawbar pivotally connected to the vehicle position can be brought. The rotary valve is preferably provided on the pivot axis of the articulated arm on the vehicle.

It is advantageous if a locking lever is pivotally mounted on the guide carriage.

A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the locking lever has a guide groove for a locking pin provided on the door. The guide groove is directed substantially to the pivot axis of the locking lever out.

A vehicle according to the invention, in particular a motor vehicle, is characterized by one or more doors according to the invention.

Fig. 1

eine Türe für ein Kraftfahrzeug im geschlossenen Zustand in einer Schnittansicht von oben,

Fig. 2

die Türe gemäß Fig. 1 nach einer Verschwenkung aus der Ebene der Karosserie heraus,

Fig. 3

die Türe gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 im teilweise verschobenen Zustand,

Fig. 4

die Türe gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 in dem durch eine Drehbewegung geöffneten Zustand,

Fig. 5

eine andere Ausführungsform einer Türe für ein Kraftfahrzeug im geschlossenen Zustand in einer Schnittansicht von oben,

Fig. 6

die Türe gemäß Fig. 5 nach der Verschwenkung aus der Ebene der Karosserie heraus,

Fig. 7

eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

die Türe gemäß Fig. 5 bis 7 im vollständig verschobenen Zustand,

Fig. 9

die Türe gemäß Fig. 5 bis 8 in dem durch eine Drehbewegung geöffneten Zustand,

Fig. 10

eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

einen Schnitt längs der Linie A-A in Fig. 7 und

Fig. 12

einen Schnitt längs der Linie B-B in Fig. 7.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1

a door for a motor vehicle in the closed state in a sectional view from above,

Fig. 2

the door according to FIG. 1 after pivoting out of the plane of the body,

Fig. 3

the door according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in the partially shifted state,

Fig. 4

the door according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in the state opened by a rotary movement,

Fig. 5

another embodiment of a door for a motor vehicle in the closed state in a sectional view from above,

Fig. 6

the door according to FIG. 5 after the pivoting out of the plane of the body,

Fig. 7

an enlarged partial view of Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

the door according to FIGS. 5 to 7 in the fully shifted state,

Fig. 9

the door according to FIGS. 5 to 8 in the state opened by a rotational movement,

Fig. 10

an enlarged partial view of Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

a section along the line AA in Fig. 7 and

Fig. 12

a section along the line BB in Fig. 7.

The drawing figures show a door 1, which is connected to a motor vehicle 2. The door 1 comprises a door box 3 and an outer panel 4. To the door box 3, in the inner, the motor vehicle 2 facing region, a rotary joint 5 is fixed, in which the pivot pin 6 of an articulated arm 7 is pivotally mounted. The articulated arm 7 comprises a straight central piece, from each of which two end pieces bend at an angle of about 45 °.

The articulated arm 7 is provided at its other end with a further pivot 8 which is articulated in a hinge joint 9. The hinge joint 9 is connected to the body of the motor vehicle. It is attached to a metal sheet 11 of the A-pillar 10. At the peripheral flange of Türaussschnitts a seal 12 is attached.

The hinge 5 is provided on a carriage 13, which is guided in a guide rail 14 of the door 1 slidably. The guide rail 14 extends in the body direction, ie in the vehicle longitudinal direction.

The hinge 5 is locked. It can be locked both in the position shown in Fig. 1 and in the position shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

When the door 1 is to be opened from the closed position shown in FIG. 1 by a rotational movement, the rotary joint 5 is locked in the position shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, the guide carriage 13 is locked in the position shown in Fig. 1. The door 1, which is still closed in FIG. 1, is opened like a conventional hinged door with a rotary movement about the hinged hinge 9 until the open position shown in FIG. 4 has been reached.

If the door is to be opened by a sliding movement, the locks of the rotary joint 5 and the guide carriage 13 are released. Subsequently, the door 1 is pivoted to the position shown in Fig. 2. The articulated arm 7 pivots clockwise about the hinge joint 9. In the hinge 5, the door 1 relative to the articulated arm 7 performs a rotary movement in the counterclockwise direction. During this pivoting of the carriage 13 moves in the guide rail 14 by a certain way to the rear and then back to the position shown in Fig. 2. This path may be limited by a stop in the guide rail 14 (not shown in the drawing).

When the position shown in Fig. 2 is reached, in which the door 1 is at a distance from the body of the vehicle and in which the door 1 is also in a direction parallel to the vehicle body, the pivot 5 is locked. Furthermore, in the position of FIG. 2, the locking of the guide carriage 13 remains or is released. The door 1 can then be moved in the z-direction, ie in the direction parallel to the vehicle body or in the vehicle longitudinal direction. In Fig. 3, a corresponding position of the door 1 is shown, in which the door 1 is partially opened.

The pivoting range of the rotary joint 5 is limited in such a way that the door 1 can not be pivoted beyond the position in FIG. 1 with respect to the articulated arm 7 in the clockwise direction and also not beyond the position shown in FIG. 2 with respect to the articulated arm 7 in FIG a direction can be pivoted counterclockwise.

Figs. 5 to 12 show a modified embodiment, in which matching components are provided with the same reference numerals. In addition to the articulated arm 7 here is a pull rod 18 is present, which is connected to the vehicle and the carriage.

Fig. 11 shows a section along the line A-A in Fig. 7 by the bearing shaft 16 which is rotatably mounted on the connected to the body of the motor vehicle hinge 9 by deep groove ball bearings 17. On the bearing shaft 16 of the articulated arm 7 is pivotally mounted. Further, a pull rod 18 is provided which comprises an upper pull rod 18a and a lower pull rod 18b. The upper drawbar 18a is located between the articulated arm 7 and the upper part 9a of the articulated hinge 9. The lower drawbar 18 is located between the articulated arm 7 and the lower part 9b of the articulated hinge 9. The drawbars 18a, 18b are in this way between the articulated arm 7 and the parts 9a and 9b of the hinge joint 9 slidably clamped.

With the bearing shaft 16, a rotary valve 19 is rotatably connected, which has an upper part 19 a, a lower part 19 b and a middle part 19 c. In the articulated arm 7 first shift pin 20a, 20b are present, which are longitudinally displaceably guided in associated bearing bushes 21a, 21b. The bushings 21 a, 21 b are parallel to and at a distance from the bearing shaft 16. The head at the lower end of the upper first switching pin 20 a is located on the upper sliding curve of the central part 19 c of the rotary valve 19. In a corresponding manner, the head rests on the upper end of the lower first switching pin 20b on the lower sliding cam 22b of the middle part 19c of the rotary valve 19. By compression springs 23a, 23b, which are provided between the bushings 21a, 21b and the heads of the first shift pin 20a, 20b, the first shift pin 20a, 20b are loaded to the sliding curves 22a, 22b out.

In a corresponding manner, second switching pins 24a, 24b are provided in the hinges 9a, 9b, which are guided longitudinally displaceably in associated bearing bushes 25a, 25b. The bearing bushes 25a, 25b extend parallel to and at a distance from the bearing shaft 16. The head at the upper end of the upper second switching pin 24a rests on the sliding cam 26a on the underside of the upper part 19a of the rotary valve 19. In a corresponding manner, the head rests on the sliding cam 26b on the upper side of the lower part 19b of the rotary valve 19 at the lower end of the lower second switching pin 24b. The second switching pins 24a, 24b are aligned with the first shift pins 20a, 20b. By compression springs 27a, 27b, which are provided between the bearing bushes 25a, 25b and the heads of the second switching pin 24a, 24b, the second shift pin 24a, 24b are loaded to the slide curves 26a, 26b out.

As is apparent from FIG. 12, a rotary joint 5 is provided on the guide carriage 13 in which a vertical pivot pin 6 is rotatably mounted. The bearings are located in an upper bearing plate 28a and a lower bearing plate 28b, which extend parallel to each other and at a distance from each other and between which the articulated arm 7 is arranged, which is also pivotally mounted about the pivot pin 6.

At a distance from the pivot pin 6, further bearing points 29a, 29b are provided in the bearing plates 28a, 28b for further pivot pins 15 (see Figures 5 to 10, not shown in Figure 12) on which the ends of the tension rods 18a, 18b pivot are stored.

As also shown in Fig. 12, the guide rail 14 comprises an upper rail 14a and a lower rail 14b, which are arranged one above the other and which are each tubular. The rails 14a, 14b have an annular cross-section. They are connected by a central part 30 with each other. The middle part 30 has an elongated rectangular cross-section, the center axis of which lies in the plane of connection of the centers of the rails 14a, 14b. It is provided in its center with a connecting part 31 which faces towards the vehicle interior and at the end of a diaphragm 32 is fixed, which has a substantially rectangular cross-section. The panel 32 covers the rails 14a, 14b toward the vehicle interior. Its upper end projects beyond the upper rail 14a.

The guide carriage 13 comprises an upper guide sleeve 33a and a lower bearing sleeve 33b, which extend over an angular range of about 270 ° and in which the rails 14a, 14b are guided longitudinally displaceable. The open areas the bearing sleeves 33a, 33b face each other. They leave room for the central part 30 of the guide rail 14th

The bearing sleeves 33a, 33b are supported by respective projections 34a, 34b of the carriage 13, which face each other in a corresponding manner and have a recess extending over an angular range of approximately 90 ° in order to make room for the central part 30 of the guide rail 14. In addition to the projections 34a, 34b, a recess 35 for the panel 32 is provided in the carriage 13. Thereafter, the guide carriage 13, the bearing plates 28a, 28b.

On the guide carriage 13, a locking lever 36 is also provided, which is pivotally mounted about the axis of the pivot pin 6 (in Fig. 12, the locking lever 36 is omitted for the sake of the simplified drawing). The locking lever 36 has in the region of its end a guide groove 37 which is open towards its end and which is directed substantially to the pivot axis of the locking lever 36, ie to the pivot pin 6 out. In the guide groove 37 may be provided on the door 1 provided locking pin 38.

In Fig. 11, the basic position of the shift pin 20a, 20b, 24a, 24b shown, in which the first shift pin 20a, 20b rigidly connect the tie rods 18a, 18b to the articulated arm 7. In this position, the door 1 can be opened from the position shown in Fig. 5 by a rotational movement in the position shown in Fig. 9. As can be seen from FIG. 11, the first shift bolts 20a, 20b reach through both the bearing bushes 21a, 21b of the articulated arm 7 and the tie rods 18a, 18b. They end at a short distance in front of the hinge joints 9a, 9b. In this way, the articulated arm 7 and the tie rods 18a, 18b are rigidly connected together, in the sense that upon pivoting of the articulated arm 7 about the bearing shaft 16, the tie rods 18a, 18b are forcibly pivoted.

The provided on the door 1 locking pin 38 engages in the outer end of the guide groove 37 of the locking lever 36 a. In this way, the locking pin 38 locks the locking lever 36 and with this the guide carriage 13. The door can be opened like a conventional swing door by a rotational movement about the bearing shaft 16 until the open position shown in Fig. 9 is reached.

If the door 1 is to be opened by a sliding movement, the rotary valve 19 is rotated by 90 ° clockwise until it has reached the position shown in Fig. 6, 7 and 8. As a result, the shift pins 20a, 20b 23a, 23b by the strength of the tie rods 18a, 18b to the central part 19c of the rotary valve 19 is shifted toward. The head of the upper first switching pin 20a runs down on the upper sliding cam 22a of the middle part 19c of the rotary valve 19 until it has reached the height of the line 39a. This movement of the upper first switching pin 20a is assisted by the force of the compression spring 23a. Similarly, the lower first shift pin 20b is held by the force of the compression spring 23b in contact with the lower sliding cam 22b, which extends over the quarter turn of the bearing shaft 16 to the height of the line 39b. Thus, the outer ends of the first shift pins 20a, 20b release the tie rods 18a, 18b.

The upper second switching pin 24a is pressed against the force of the compression spring 27a during the rotation of the rotary valve 19 by the sliding cam 26a at the bottom of the upper part 19a of the rotary valve 19 until its lower end is slightly above the lower end surface of the upper tie rod 18a , The lower second switching pin 24a is pressed in a corresponding manner during the rotation of the rotary valve 19 by the sliding curve 26b at the top of the lower part 19b of the rotary valve 19 against the force of the compression spring 27b up until its upper end slightly below the upper end surface of the lower Pull rod 18b is located. In this way, the second shift pin 24a, 24b make an articulated connection between the tie rods 18a, 18b and the hinge joints 9a, 9b, so a connection between the tie rods 18a, 18b and the vehicle.

Thus, the bearing shaft 16, the second switching pin 24a, 24b, the pivot pin 6 and the pivot pin 15 in the bearing points 29a, 29b of the carriage 13 is a four-bar linkage. When the articulated arm 7 is pivoted, the guide carriage 13 is taken along by the articulated arm 7 and thus pivoted about the bearing shaft 16. During this movement, the carriage 13 is simultaneously pivoted in the opposite direction of rotation about the pivot 6, so that it is moved in the end result by the action of the four-bar linkage in parallel.

Since the articulated arm 7, starting from the bearing shaft 16, extends obliquely to the vehicle interior, the end of the door 1 facing away from the bearing shaft 16 would abut against the opposite body part 40 during the rotational movement of the articulated arm 7 about the bearing shaft 16, so that the door 1 is blocked would be and could not be opened further. To prevent this, the guide groove 37 is present in the locking lever 36, which extends obliquely to the pivot pin 6 and substantially arcuately around the bearing shaft 16. When the articulated arm 7 is pivoted, the guide groove 37 runs into the locking pin 38, whereby the locking lever 36 is pivoted with increasing pivoting of the articulated arm 7 in a clockwise direction about the pivot pin 6. As a result, the guide carriage 13 is moved relative to the door 1 in a direction away from the bearing shaft 16. Due to the associated relative movement of the door 1, this runs in a corresponding manner to the bearing shaft 16 toward or away from the body part 40. The four-bar linkage, the locking lever 36, the guide groove 37 and the locking pin 38 are coordinated so that the door 1 is moved out substantially perpendicular from its opening in the body between the hinge joint 9 and the body part 40. The movement of the door 1 to the body part 40, which is generated by the rotation of the articulated arm 7, is thus essentially compensated by the described opposite movement of the guide carriage 13 until the door 1 is moved out of its opening and assumes the position shown in FIG Has.

In this position, the carriage 13 has moved in the guide 14 to the body part 40 out. The locking lever 36 has been pivoted clockwise.

The locking pin 38 has run into the open guide groove 37 and again run out of this open guide 37. The locking lever 36 has on its side facing away from the guide groove 37 an extension in which a recess 41 is provided which forms a stop with the pin 15 in the bearing points 29 a, 29 b.

In the position shown in Fig. 6, the door 1 is pivoted so far that it does not abut the body during the subsequent parallel displacement in the position shown in Fig. 8.

During the closing movement of the door 1, it is initially displaced in parallel from the position shown in FIG. 8 into the position according to FIG. 6. In the position shown in FIG. 6, the locking pin 38 engages in the guide groove 37 of the locking lever 36 a. Now the door 1 can be closed by pivoting the articulated arm 7 and the associated four-bar linkage.

The invention provides a rotary sliding door which has two opening functions, namely the opening function "pushing" and the opening function "turning". Both functions can be performed with a door hinge.

With the function "turning" the closed door is opened like a conventional swinging door with a rotary movement. In the "push" function, the closed door is opened and closed with a linear movement in the sliding direction.

By the described constructions, it is possible to open a vehicle door either as a revolving door or as a sliding door. The unlocking or control can be made possible by an operation on the outside and / or on the inside of the door, namely mechanically and / or electrically and / or by remote control. Preferably, the guide is for the sliding function in the vehicle door. It is possible to make the guide rail exchangeable.

The guide rail can be designed as a press profile, roll profile or hybrid part. The carriage can be guided in the guide rail above and / or below. Furthermore, the guide carriage can be guided in the guide rail in the profile side. The components for the guide, so the guide rail and / or the carriage, can be made in steel, aluminum and / or plastic. The surface of the guide rail can be processed. It may in particular be painted, powdered, anodized or chrome-plated. The guide rail can also be covered by a panel. The panel can be made of plastic, aluminum or steel. The surface of the panel can be painted, powdered, anodized or chrome plated.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the door is rotated in the direction of rotation X in the hinge hinge 9 so far out of the side wall of the vehicle 2, that the required freedom between the door box 3 and the vehicle side wall is ensured for the subsequent linear movement.

Claims (12)

Door for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with a swivel joint (5) on which an articulated arm (7) which can be connected or connected to the vehicle (2) is pivotally mounted (6),
characterized,
that the rotary joint (5) can be locked. Door according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary joint (5) can be locked in several pivoting positions. Door according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pivoting range of the rotary joint (5) is limited. Door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotary joint (5) is provided on a guide carriage (13), which is displaceably guided in a guide rail (14). Door according to claim 4, characterized by a pull rod (18, 18a, 18b), which is preferably articulated to the carriage (13). Door according to claim 5, characterized in that the drawbar (18, 18a, 18b) is selectively connectable or connectable to the articulated arm (7) or articulated to the vehicle (9, 9a, 9b). Door according to Claim 6, characterized by a first switching pin (20a, 20b) which can be brought into a position connecting the pull rod (18, 18a, 18b) to the articulated arm (7). Door according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by a second shift pin (24a, 24b) which can be brought into a position connecting the pull rod (18, 18a, 18b) to the vehicle (9, 9a, 9b) in an articulated manner. Door according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by a rotary slide (19, 19a, 19b, 19c), by which the first switching pin (20a, 20b) in the tie rod (18, 18a, 18b) with the articulated arm (7) connecting position and / or the second shift pin (24a, 24b) into which the pull rod (18, 18a, 18b) articulated to the vehicle (9, 9a, 9b) connecting position can be brought. Door according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that on the guide carriage (13) a locking lever (36) is pivotally mounted (6). Door according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking lever (36) has a guide groove (37) directed towards its pivot axis (6) for a locking pin (38) provided on the door (1). Vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, characterized by one or more doors according to one of claims 1 to 11.

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