EP1675659A1 - Vetement de protection nbc - Google Patents

Vetement de protection nbc

Info

Publication number
EP1675659A1
EP1675659A1 EP04727883A EP04727883A EP1675659A1 EP 1675659 A1 EP1675659 A1 EP 1675659A1 EP 04727883 A EP04727883 A EP 04727883A EP 04727883 A EP04727883 A EP 04727883A EP 1675659 A1 EP1675659 A1 EP 1675659A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
membrane
chemical
protective
adsorption
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04727883A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1675659B1 (fr
Inventor
Hasso von Blücher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bluecher GmbH
Original Assignee
Bluecher GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10354623A external-priority patent/DE10354623A1/de
Application filed by Bluecher GmbH filed Critical Bluecher GmbH
Publication of EP1675659A1 publication Critical patent/EP1675659A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1675659B1 publication Critical patent/EP1675659B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D5/00—Composition of materials for coverings or clothing affording protection against harmful chemical agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2508—Coating or impregnation absorbs chemical material other than water
    • Y10T442/2516—Chemical material is one used in biological or chemical warfare

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a breathable adsorbent material with a protective function against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, with improved wearing comfort, in particular for the production of protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (e.g. for patient transportation) and the like, in particular for ABC use, as well as its use in the aforementioned protective materials.
  • protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (e.g. for patient transportation) and the like, in particular for ABC use, as well as its use in the aforementioned protective materials.
  • protective suits There are basically three types of protective suits: the air and water vapor impermeable protective suits, which are equipped with a rubber layer impermeable to chemical poisons and very quickly lead to heat build-up, the air and water vapor permeable protective suits which offer the highest wearing comfort , and finally protective suits that are equipped with a membrane that allows water vapor to pass through, but not the poisons mentioned.
  • ABC protective clothing is therefore traditionally made either from completely impermeable systems (eg suits made from butyl rubber) or permeable, adsorptive filter systems based on activated carbon (powder, fibrous materials or spherical carbon).
  • the air-permeable, permeable protective suits generally have an adsorption layer with activated carbon, which the chemical poisons are very persistent. binds securely, so that even heavily contaminated suits pose no danger to the wearer.
  • the great advantage of this system is that the activated carbon is also accessible from the inside, so that poisons that have penetrated into damage or other leaks are adsorbed very quickly. Under extreme conditions, for example when a drop of a thickened poison appears from a greater height on a slightly open area of the outer material and penetrates to the point of coal, the layer of coal can be temporarily overwhelmed locally.
  • the adsorption layer in the air-permeable, permeable protective suits described above is in most cases designed such that either up to approximately 1.0 mm large activated carbon particles are bound to adhesive piles printed on a carrier or that a reticulated PU foam that is impregnated with a "carbon paste” (ie binder and activated carbon), is used as the adsorption layer, the adsorption layer generally being supplemented by an "outer material" (ie a covering material) and covered on the inside facing the carrier by a light textile material Occasionally, however, composites are also found which contain an activated carbon sheet, for example an activated carbon fleece.
  • a carbon paste ie binder and activated carbon
  • Protective suits are also used, which are equipped with a membrane which is designed to be permeable to water vapor to increase comfort, but at the same time acts as a barrier layer against liquids, in particular toxins.
  • a membrane which is designed to be permeable to water vapor to increase comfort, but at the same time acts as a barrier layer against liquids, in particular toxins.
  • Such a material is described for example in EP 0 827 451 A2.
  • Protective suits with a membrane which is permeable to water vapor but impermeable to poisons, in particular skin poisons have the disadvantage that poisons which have penetrated at leaky points remain inside the protective suit and are absorbed by the skin of the wearer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an adsorption material, in particular for use in protective materials, such as, for example, protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers and the like, which - in addition to being permeable to water vapor, the passage, in particular, of chemical warfare agents and toxins (e.g. Membrane toxins) at least strongly retarding or preventing membrane - contains an adsorption layer based on activated carbon.
  • chemical warfare agents and toxins e.g. Membrane toxins
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an adsorption material, in particular for use in protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers and the like, which ensures high wearing comfort.
  • the present invention proposes an adsorption material according to claim 1. Further advantageous refinements of the adsorption material according to the invention are the subject of the respective subclaims or the secondary claims.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to the use of the adsorption material according to the invention for the production of protective materials, in particular protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (for example, for patient transport) and the like, preferably for use in ABC.
  • a further subject of the present invention are protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (eg for patient transportation), protective suits and the like, in particular for ABC use, which are produced with the adsorption material according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional illustration through the layer structure of a breathable adsorption material according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in accordance with a special embodiment.
  • FIG. Shows a schematic sectional illustration through the layer structure 2 of an adsorption material 1 according to the invention in accordance with a special embodiment.
  • the breathable adsorption material 1 according to the invention which is equipped with a protective function against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, has a multilayered layer structure 2, the layer structure 2 being at least QJ ⁇ .Q, in particular a flat carrier layer 3 and one associated with the carrier layer 3 has barrier layer 4 preventing or at least delaying the passage of chemical poisons;
  • the barrier layer 4 in turn comprises on the one hand at least one adsorption layer 5 based on a chemical adsorbing adsorbent, in particular based on activated carbon, and on the other hand at least one at least essentially water and air impermeable but water vapor permeable, delaying the passage of chemical poisons or at least in comparison to chemical poisons essential impermeable membrane 6.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to equip a breathable adsorption material 1 with a multilayer structure 2 with an increased or improved protective function against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, in that the barrier layer 4 contains both at least one adsorption layer 5 and at least one membrane 6 which is at least essentially water and air impermeable but water vapor permeable, retards the passage of chemical poisons or is at least essentially impermeable to chemical poisons.
  • chemical poisons such as e.g. B. chemical warfare agents
  • the presence of the membrane 6 provides additional protection for the carrier of the adsorption material 1, so that an adsorption material 1 with a double protective function against chemical poisons results, so to speak (namely on the one hand by the barrier action of the membrane 6 and on the other hand by the adsorption action of the Adsorption layer 5).
  • adsorption material 1 according to the invention By equipping the adsorption material 1 according to the invention with a special breathable membrane 6, which delays the passage of chemical poisons or is at least essentially impermeable to chemical poisons, good decontamination and regenerability of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention is achieved at the same time.
  • poisons which may have penetrated through the outer or carrier layer 3 and are located on the membrane 6 can be removed again from the membrane 6 by appropriate treatment methods (for example by flushing them down, for example using suitable decontamination solutions which reduce the Are well known to those skilled in the art for these purposes).
  • the barrier layer 4 of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention thus comprises both an adsorption layer 5 and a membrane 6 with the aforementioned properties.
  • the combination of adsorption layer 5, on the one hand, and membrane 6, on the other hand, in accordance with the layer structure 2 according to the invention, ensures efficient protection against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, while at the same time being highly comfortable, in particular breathability.
  • the carrier layer 3 is advantageously arranged on the outside, in particular facing a pollutant source which releases chemical poisons. Consequently, the barrier layer 4, based on the carrier layer 3, is advantageously arranged on the inside, in particular facing away from a pollutant source which releases chemical poisons. Furthermore, it can be provided that the adsorption material 1 also has at least one in particular flat covering layer 7 assigned to the adsorption layer 5.
  • the cover layer 7 can in particular for Cover the barrier layer 4, in particular the Adso ⁇ tions slaughter 5, serve.
  • the cover layer 7 can in particular help to prevent excessive mechanical stress on the barrier layer 4, in particular the adsorption layer 5. If necessary, the cover layer 7 can simultaneously serve as a carrier for the adsorbent of the adsorption layer 5 and / or for the membrane 6. In particular, the cover layer 7 can be part of the barrier layer 4.
  • the adsorption material 1 also has at least one additional, in particular flat additional covering layer 8, the additional covering layer 8 preferably being arranged on the inside when the adsorption material 1 is in use, in particular facing away from a source of chemical toxins which releases toxins, ie. H. So the carrier layer 3 is arranged opposite.
  • the additional covering layer 8 and the carrier layer 3 can in particular form the two outer layers 3, 8 of the adsorption material 1, the additional covering layer 8 advantageously forming an inner lining when the adsorption material 1 is in use.
  • the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 can each be connected to one another; this is done using methods known per se for these purposes (e.g. by gluing, welding, sewing, deepening, etc.).
  • the connection or fixing of the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 takes place seamlessly with one another, preferably without damaging the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (e.g. by gluing, welding, etc.).
  • it is advisable to seal the seams e.g. with a so-called seam sealing tape).
  • the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 form a coherent composite.
  • the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 can also be present, at least in part, unconnected, for. B. be placed loosely one above the other.
  • the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 can be arranged in the Adso ⁇ tionsmaterial 1 as follows, wherein the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 can be connected to each other, what with Symbol "+" is reproduced, or can lie unconnected one above the other, which is represented by the symbol "/".
  • the carrier layer 3 is generally arranged on the outside, in particular facing a source of chemical toxins and the additional cover layer 8 is arranged on the inside, in particular facing away a source of chemical toxins.
  • the cover layer 7 and / or the additional cover layer 8 can be used for stabilization and / or. Protection of the adsorption layer 5 and / or the membrane 6 serve.
  • the cover layer 7 and / or the additional cover layer 8 can be designed as a preferably air-permeable textile material, in particular a flat textile structure, such as a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim or textile composite.
  • the covering layer 7 and or the additional covering layer 8 preferably have a lower basis weight than the carrier layer 3.
  • the covering layer 7 has a basis weight of 5 to 75 g / m 2 , in particular 10 to 50 g / m 2 , preferably 15 to 30 g / m 2 , preferably less than 60 g / m 2 , in particular less than 50 g / m 2 , preferably less than 40 g / m 2 .
  • the too Additional carrier layer 8 has in particular a basis weight of 5 to 150 g / m, in particular 20 to 125 g / m, preferably 30 to 100 g / m, preferably 40 to 90 g / m 2 .
  • the Adso ⁇ tionsmaterials 1 z. B.
  • the cover layer 7 and or additional cover layer 8 can be designed to be abrasion-resistant and, in particular, to consist of an abrasion-resistant textile material.
  • any desired, in particular breathable, materials can be used here.
  • the textile composite can be a nonwoven.
  • the material of the carrier layer 3 be oleophobicized and / or hydrophobicized, in particular by means of a special impregnation.
  • the material of the carrier layer 3 generally has a basis weight of 50 to 300 g / m 2 , in particular 75 to 250 g / m 2 , preferably 90 to 175 g / m 2 .
  • the backing layer 3 is designed as an air-permeable, 75 to 250 g / m, preferably 90 to 175 g / m heavy textile fabric which can be made oleophobic and / or hydrophobic.
  • the membrane 6 As far as the membrane 6 is concerned, this is generally a continuous, in particular closed or at most microporous membrane.
  • the thickness of the membrane 6 is generally 1 to 500 ⁇ m, in particular 1 to 250 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 2.5 to 30 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the membrane 6 has a high water vapor permeability of at least 12.5 1 / m per 24 h, in particular at least 17.5 1 / m 2 ro 24 h, preferably at least 20 1 / at 25 ° C.
  • the water vapor permeability of the adsorption material 1 as a whole is slightly lower compared to the membrane 6 alone; the water vapor permeability of the adsorption material 1 overall is nevertheless very high and is at least 101 / m 2 per 24 h, in particular at least 151 / m 2 per 24 h, preferably at least 20 1 / m 2 per 24 h, with a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 ⁇ m (at 25 ° C).
  • the membrane 6 should have a low water vapor resistance R et under stationary conditions - measured according to DIN EN 31 092: 1993 from February 1994 ("Textiles - Physiological effects, measurement of the heat and water vapor resistance under stationary conditions [sweating guarded-hotplate test] ”) or according to the international standard ISO 11 092 - at 35 ° C of at most 30 (m 2 • Pascal) / watt, in particular at most 25 (m 2 • Pascal) / watt, preferably at most 20 (m 2 • Pascal) / Watt, with a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the water vapor volume resistance R et of the adsorption material 1 as a whole - compared to the membrane 6 alone - is slightly higher; in general, the water vapor volume resistance R et of the adsorption material 1 is at most 30 (m 2 • Pascal) / watt, in particular at most 25 (m 2 • Pascal) / watt, preferably at most 20 (m 2 • Pascal) / watt, at one Thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 microns.
  • the membrane 6 should otherwise be only slightly water-absorbent or swellable; a low water absorption capacity or Swellability increases comfort.
  • the swellability or the water absorption capacity of the membrane 6 should be at most 35%, in particular at most 25%, preferably at most 20%, based on the weight of the membrane 6.
  • the membrane 6 should be at least essentially impermeable to liquids, in particular water, and / or to aerosols or at least delay their passage.
  • the membrane 6 should have no or essentially no star hydrophilic groups, in particular no hydroxyl groups.
  • the membrane 6 can have weakly hydrophilic groups, for example polyether groups.
  • the membrane 6 can consist of or comprise a plastic or a polymer material.
  • a plastic or such a polymer can suitably e.g. B. be selected from the group of polyurethanes, polyether amides, polyester amides, polytetrafluoroethylene and / or cellulose-based polymers and derivatives of the aforementioned compounds.
  • the membrane 6 can be obtained as a reaction product from the reaction of an isocyanate, in particular a masked or blocked isocyanate, with an isocyanate-reactive crosslinker.
  • the membrane 6 can be a polyurethane-based membrane.
  • the membrane 6 can also be an expanded, optionally microporous membrane based on polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the membrane 6 which may be present can be designed as a multilayer membrane laminate or as a multilayer membrane composite.
  • This membrane laminate or membrane composite can consist of at least two, preferably at least three interconnected membrane layers or layers.
  • this membrane laminate or membrane composite can comprise a core layer based on a cellulose-based polymer and two outer layers connected to the core layer, in particular based on a polyurethane, a polyether amide and / or a polyester amide.
  • the core layer may be based on a cellulose-based polymer as a 1 to 100 ⁇ m, in particular 5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m thick membrane, and the two may be bonded to the core layer.
  • the membrane 6 whose outer layers are each formed as a 1 to 100 ⁇ m, in particular 5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m thick membrane.
  • This special configuration of the membrane 6 makes it possible to combine different membrane materials with different properties, in particular different water vapor permeability and / or barrier effects against chemical poisons, and thus to optimize the properties of the membrane 6.
  • cellulose and cellulose derivatives are excellent barrier materials, especially against chemical pollutants or toxins, such as. B. warfare agents (lost etc.), and are not attacked or dissolved by these poisons;
  • polyurethane-based materials prevent migration or diffusion of the plasticizers that may be present in the cellulose layer and also dampen the crackling caused by the cellulose when it is worn.
  • the core layer is formed on the basis of a polymer based on cellulose, while the two outer layers of the membrane 6 are formed by polyurethane layers.
  • the membrane 6 in particular in order to increase the stability or wear resistance, in particular the tear resistance, of the membrane 6 in the production process (for example when printing the membrane 6 with hot adhesive) and also when using or wearing it, the membrane 6 can be provided on an additional, Carrier layer, not shown in the figure, can be applied or laminated on.
  • the membrane 6 has a certain elasticity.
  • the membrane 6 can be stretched or stretched at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30% or more, at least in one direction (based on the membrane 6).
  • the layer structure 2 as a whole should also have a certain elasticity for the aforementioned purposes - in addition to good flexibility; compared to the membrane 6, however, the elasticity of the layer structure 2 as a whole is somewhat less, and in general the layer structure 2 as a whole is at least at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, very particularly preferably at least 15% or more, at least stretchable or stretchable in one direction.
  • the membrane 6 can simultaneously represent the adhesive layer 7 for fastening the adsorption layer 5.
  • the membrane 6 must be self-adhesive, in particular heat-adhesive. According to this particular embodiment, there is a saving in weight since an additional adhesive layer can be dispensed with.
  • breathable membranes 6, d. H. In particular water vapor-permeable but liquid-impermeable membranes 6, in particular in the form of thin films, surprising improvements can be achieved for NBC protective clothing, in particular if the adsorbent filter layer 5, so to speak, behind the membrane 6, i.e. H. So in use or Wearing state, downstream of the membrane 6, is arranged.
  • Such membranes 6 can, for. B. are based on different constructions, two of which are mentioned in the following without limitation:
  • monolithic, (weakly) hydrophilic membranes in particular made of PTFE coated with polyurethane, polyurethanes, optionally modified polyesters or optionally modified polyamides;
  • microporous, hydrophobic membranes in particular made of microporous PTFE, polyurethanes or polyolefins (these membranes are generally only liquid-tight to a limited extent but are permeable to air).
  • the flow rates of the adsorbent active carbon filter layers 5 can be reduced or, under certain circumstances, even reduced to zero.
  • the adsorptive filter layers 5 can therefore be reduced in thickness and mass by up to 90% depending on the diffusion rate of pollutants through the membrane 6.
  • the protective suits obtained are particle-tight, so that they can also be used to protect against B-arms and radioactive particles.
  • group 2 membranes means that the weight of the adsorptive filter layers 5 cannot be reduced due to the air flow. wrestlers. In this case, however, the membranes 6 serve as effective particle filters for aerosols, B-arms and radioactive particles.
  • the adsorption layer 5 of the adsorption material 1 is generally discontinuous, i. H.
  • the adsorption layer 5 generally comprises discrete adsorption particles which adsorb chemical poisons (e.g. adsorbents based on activated carbon), which are fixed, for example, by means of an adhesive on the membrane 6 or on the cover layers 7, 8 or on an additional carrier etc. could be.
  • the adsorption material of the adsorption layer 5 can in particular be an adsorption material containing or consisting of activated carbon, for example a material based on activated carbon in the form of activated carbon particles and or activated carbon fibers.
  • activated carbon beads as Adso ⁇ tionsmaterial for the Adso ⁇ tions Schweizer 5 conditions of up to about 250 g / m 2 or more are common, so that, for. B. in the event of an outbreak of sweat, about 40 g / m 2 of moisture can be stored, which in the case of a breathable carrier or outer layer 3 can then be released into the environment again.
  • the adsorption layer 5 can advantageously be designed as an adsorption surface filter, in particular on the basis of an adsorbent fixed to a preferably flat, in particular textile carrier.
  • the adsorption layer 5 comprises discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granules ("granular carbon") or ("spherical carbon").
  • the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is less than 1.0 mm, in particular less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.4 mm, preferably less than 0.35 mm; however, the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is at least 0.1 mm.
  • the activated carbon particles in generally used in an amount of 5 to 50 g / m 2 , preferably 20 to 300 g / m 2 , preferably 25 to 250 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 50 to 100 g / m 2 .
  • Suitable activated carbon particles have inner surfaces (BET) of at least 800 m 2 / g, in particular of at least 900 m 2 / g, preferably of at least 1,000 m 2 / g, preferably in the range from 800 to 1,500 m 2 / g.
  • Granular coal, especially spherical coal has the decisive advantage that it is extremely abrasion-resistant and very hard, which is of great importance with regard to the wear properties.
  • the bursting pressure for a single activated carbon particle, in particular activated carbon granules or spheres is generally at least about 5 newtons, in particular at least about 10 newtons, and can reach up to about 20 newtons.
  • the adsorption layer 5 can comprise activated carbon fibers, in particular in the form of activated carbon fiber surfaces, as the adsorbent.
  • activated carbon fiber fabrics can have, for example, a basis weight of 20 to 200 g / m 2 , in particular 30 to 150 g / m 2 , preferably 15 to 120 g / m 2 .
  • These activated carbon fiber structures can be, for example, activated carbon fiber fabrics, knitted fabrics, scrims or composite materials (for example based on carbonized and activated cellulose and / or carbonized and activated acrylonitriles).
  • activated carbon particles and activated carbon fibers with one another as the adsorbent of the adsorption layer.
  • Activated carbon particles have the advantage of a higher adsorption capacity, while activated carbon fibers have better adsorption kinetics.
  • Suitable catalysts according to the invention are, for example, enzymes and / or metal ions, preferably copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, zinc and / or mercury ions.
  • the amount of catalyst can vary within wide limits; in general it is 0.05 to 12% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the adsorption layer 5.
  • At least 50%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, of the adsorption layer 5 or the adsorbents of the adsorption layer 5 are freely accessible for the poisons or warfare agents to be adsorbed, ie in particular not with adhesive are covered. This is done in that the amount and the type, in particular the viscosity, of the adhesive with which the adsorbents are optionally fixed are designed such that the adsorbents of the adsorption layer 5 are not completely pressed or sink into the adhesive.
  • the adsorption material 1 according to the invention offers efficient protection against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, while at the same time being very comfortable to wear, in particular good breathability, in the case of NBC protective suits.
  • the adsorption material 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for military or ABC use (for example in the form of an ABC protective suit).
  • breathable carrier or outer materials e.g. B. Textiles
  • the inventive design of the adsorption material 1 according to the present invention achieves an excellent barrier effect against chemical warfare agents.
  • the barrier effect of the adsorption material 1 or the membrane 6 against chemical warfare agents in particular bis- [2-chloroethyl] sulfide (also synonymously referred to as mustard gas, mustard or yellow cross), measured according to CRDEC-SP-84010, method 2.2, carries at most 4 ⁇ g / cm 2 per 24 h, in particular at most 3.5 ⁇ g / cm per
  • 24 h preferably at most 3.0 ⁇ g / cm per 24 h, particularly preferably at most 2.5 ⁇ g / cm 2 per 24 h, with a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the adsorption material according to the invention can be produced in a manner known per se. This is well known to the person skilled in the art of producing adsorption materials, so that no further details need be given here.
  • the adsorption material according to the invention is suitable for producing protective materials of all kinds, in particular protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes and protective covers.
  • the present invention thus also relates to protective materials of this type which are produced using the adsorption material according to the invention.
  • the carrier layer when the adsorption material is in use, is generally arranged on the outside, in particular facing a source of chemical toxins which releases toxins.
  • the protective materials are preferably protective suits, in particular NBC protective suits, the carrier layer being arranged on the outside in the state of use, in particular facing a source of chemical toxins which releases toxins or being arranged on the side facing away from the body.
  • the seams of the membrane laminate can be sealed liquid-tight with hot-melt adhesive tapes.
  • this is not necessary in order to obtain the required ABC protective effect.
  • the zippers are z. B. with external or internal double covers (z. B. one on the right and left side of the zipper), consisting of membrane laminate and filter with a high amount of activated carbon.
  • the seams of the Membra aminate are not welded watertight, the seams in the membrane laminate and in the adsorptive lining, for example, are arranged so that they do not lie directly one above the other. This further increases the security of the protective effect.
  • membrane functional layer and adsorbent functional layer are separated from one another in different positions of the loading clothes separately.
  • the adso ⁇ tive layer is worn as an undergarment in the form of an underwear or in the form of underwear.
  • the membrane can be installed in an outer protective jacket, and there are the following possible combinations (with the same symbols as before):
  • the seams piercing the membrane are sealed liquid-tight using a seam sealing tape.
  • the adso ⁇ tive functional layer can be made removable, for. B. if the protective clothing is also to be used for other purposes, or a low risk potential can be assumed.
  • the membrane construction corresponds to the construction options under no. 2.
  • the adso ⁇ tive layer has z. B. the structure C + D + E (with the same symbols as before) and z. B. by means of zippers, Velcro, push buttons and the like with the membrane layer.
  • z. B an approximately 10 cm wide strip of adsorbent filter material can be used in a mass that corresponds to systems without the use of membranes. This further reduces or prevents the penetration of warfare agents through openings.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une matière adsorbante (1) possédant une fonction de protection contre les toxiques chimiques, en particulier contre les agents de combat chimiques. Cette matière adsorbante (1) présente une structure stratifiée multicouche (2) comprenant au moins une couche support (3) en particulier plate et une couche barrière (4) associée à cette couche support (3) et destinée à empêcher ou au moins à retarder le passage de toxiques chimiques. Ladite couche barrière (4) présente d'une part au moins une couche d'adsorption (5) à base d'une substance adsorbant les toxiques chimiques, en particulier à base de charbon actif, et d'autre part au moins une membrane (6) au moins sensiblement imperméable à l'eau et à l'air, mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, cette membrane retardant le passage de toxiques chimiques ou étant au moins sensiblement imperméable aux toxiques chimiques. La matière adsorbante (1) selon l'invention présente un confort au porter élevé, en particulier une bonne respirabilité, tout en assurant une excellente protection contre les toxiques chimiques.
EP04727883.3A 2003-10-22 2004-04-16 Vetement de protection nbc Expired - Lifetime EP1675659B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10349546 2003-10-22
DE10354623A DE10354623A1 (de) 2003-10-22 2003-11-22 Schutzbekleidung mit ABC-Schutz
PCT/EP2004/004029 WO2005049147A1 (fr) 2003-10-22 2004-04-16 Vetement de protection nbc

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1675659A1 true EP1675659A1 (fr) 2006-07-05
EP1675659B1 EP1675659B1 (fr) 2014-02-26

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US (1) US7465490B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1675659B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4587077B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005049147A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2007508877A (ja) 2007-04-12
JP4587077B2 (ja) 2010-11-24
EP1675659B1 (fr) 2014-02-26
US7465490B2 (en) 2008-12-16
US20070059504A1 (en) 2007-03-15
WO2005049147A1 (fr) 2005-06-02

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