EP1669698B1 - Système de chauffage/refroidissement - Google Patents

Système de chauffage/refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1669698B1
EP1669698B1 EP05256320.2A EP05256320A EP1669698B1 EP 1669698 B1 EP1669698 B1 EP 1669698B1 EP 05256320 A EP05256320 A EP 05256320A EP 1669698 B1 EP1669698 B1 EP 1669698B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
heat exchanger
line
cooling
heating system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP05256320.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1669698A3 (fr
EP1669698A2 (fr
Inventor
Sai Kee Oh
Bong Soo Park
Chi Woo Song
Ju Won Kim
Se Dong Chang
Baik Young Chung
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1669698A2 publication Critical patent/EP1669698A2/fr
Publication of EP1669698A3 publication Critical patent/EP1669698A3/fr
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Publication of EP1669698B1 publication Critical patent/EP1669698B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cooling/heating system. It more particularly relates to a cooling/heating system wherein heating is carried out using hot water supplied from a district heating net.
  • Air conditioning systems generally perform procedures of compressing, condensing, expanding and evaporating a refrigerant to cool and/or heat a confined space.
  • Such air conditioning systems can be classified into a general type wherein one indoor unit is connected to one outdoor unit, and a multi-unit type wherein a plurality of indoor units are connected to one outdoor unit.
  • Such air conditioning systems can also be classified into a cooling type wherein a refrigerant flows only in one direction through a refrigerant cycle, to supply cold air to a confined space, and a cooling and heating type wherein a refrigerant flows bi-directionally in a selective manner through a refrigerant cycle, to selectively supply cold air or hot air to a confined space.
  • Recent tendency of building construction is to densely construct large buildings in a wide area, as in apartment complexes. Also, such apartment complexes have been densely constructed in neighboring areas. In such a dense building area, hot water is supplied through a central supply system, in order to conserve energy and for the convenience of living. In such a dense building area, a district heating system using hot water is also mainly used to heat buildings.
  • each building therein must be equipped with both a heating system and a cooling system.
  • a system for cooling purposes alone which uses refrigerant pipes, is installed in each building.
  • an indoor unit for heating purposes alone which uses hot water pipes, is installed in each room of each building.
  • hot water from a district heating system is circulated through each indoor unit in heating mode.
  • cooling mode each cooling system is operated.
  • frost is formed on outdoor heat exchangers in heating mode.
  • a defrosting operation is carried out in which a refrigerant is circulated in cooling mode. For this reason, there is a problem in that the heating operation cannot be continuously carried out.
  • JP-A-2 008662 aims to restrict a decreasing in temperature within a room to a minimum value by a method wherein an order of precedence of a heating operation and a hot water feeding operation is determined in reference to an accumulated time of heating operation through a freezing cycle and an amount of remaining hot water within a hot water storing tank and each of the operating times is controlled within a predetermined time.
  • a control circuit 40 turns on a four-way valve 2 of a freezing cycle and determines an order of precedence of a heating operation and a hot water feeding operation in reference to an accumulation time of a heating operation for flowing a discharged coolant from a compressor 1 to an indoor heat exchanger 3a, an expansion valve 4 and an outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the amount of remaining hot water within a hot water storing tank 7 detected by hot water temperature sensing thermistors 46 to 50.
  • Each of the operating times is controlled within a specified time, the four-way changing-over valve 2 is turned on during a heating operation, and the four-way changing-over valve 2 is turned on during a hot water feeding operation, a solenoid valve 6a is closed, a solenoid valve 6b is opened, a pump 43 is operated to boil up water within the hot water storing tank 7 through a heat exchanging operation of each of the heat exchangers 41 and 42. In this way, it is possible to eliminate a shortage of hot water and restrict a lowering of temperature in a room as less as possible.
  • US-A-4633676 discloses an energy transfer apparatus transfers energy from and to a source liquid, such as well water.
  • the apparatus includes a refrigeration system having an evaporator, a compressor, a thermal expansion valve, a main condenser and a superheated condenser.
  • the well water is provided through conduit into heat exchange relationship with the evaporator and then transported into a first set of cooling coils for cooling air.
  • First and second storage tanks have a heat-absorbable fluid. Suitable conduit is used to transport the heat absorbable fluid into heat transfer relationship with the superheated condenser and the main condenser, respectively.
  • the heated absorbable fluid is stored in the first and second storage tanks for use as an energy source.
  • the heat-absorbable fluid is then transferred through conduit to a heating unit which transfers heat to air conveyed over the heat exchanger
  • JP-A-11 063726 to provide a heat pump hot water feeding machine in which a hot water feeding time can be assured positively during a heating operation and a lack of hot water feeding can be prevented.
  • a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor 11, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, a pressure reducing device EV2 and an indoor heat exchanger 14 are connected in an annular form; and a hot water feeding heat exchanger 15 connected through the electric expansion valve EV3 to a refrigerant pipe 32 between the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and the electric expansion valve EV2 of which one end is connected to the discharging side of the compressor 11 and the other end is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 13.
  • a concurrent operating condition discriminating section 10a judges that the operation does not fulfill the condition in which a concurrent operation of a heating operation and a hot water feeding operation can be carried out, an operating frequency of the compressor 11 is increased under control of an operating frequency control section 10b. In this way, after a heating capability is increased and the heating operation is thermo- turned off rapidly, thereafter the hot water feeding operation is carried out.
  • the present invention seeks to provide improved heating/cooling systems.
  • a cooling/heating system comprises: a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, and an outdoor heat exchanger which are connected in series via a refrigerant line; a bypass line connected between a portion of the refrigerant line arranged between the expansion device and the indoor heat exchanger and a portion of the refrigerant line arranged between the compressor and the outdoor heat exchanger; and a supply water heat exchanger, through which the supply water passes, and which is arranged in the bypass line, the supply water heat exchanger heat-exchanging with the refrigerant passing through the bypass line, using the supply water.
  • a method for controlling a cooling/heating system including a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, and an outdoor heat exchanger which are connected in series via a refrigerant line, a bypass line connected between a portion of the refrigerant line arranged between the expansion device and the indoor heat exchanger and a portion of the refrigerant line arranged between the compressor and the outdoor heat exchanger, and a supply water heat exchanger arranged in the bypass line, comprises the steps of: determining whether or not a refrigerant is introduced into the bypass line during a heating operation of the cooling/heating system; and supplying supply water to the supply water heat exchanger when it is determined that the refrigerant is introduced into the bypass line, thereby causing the supply water to heat-exchange with the refrigerant in the supply water heat exchanger.
  • method for controlling a cooling/heating system including a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, and an outdoor heat exchanger which are connected in series via a refrigerant line, and a supply water heat exchanger arranged in a predetermined portion of the refrigerant line, comprises the steps of: determining whether or not a refrigerant, which is introduced into the supply water heat exchanger through the refrigerant line, has a temperature not more than a predetermined temperature during a heating operation of the cooling/heating system; and supplying supply water to the supply water heat exchanger when it is determined that the refrigerant temperature is not more than the predetermined temperature, thereby causing the supply water to heat-exchange with the refrigerant in the supply water heat exchanger.
  • a method for controlling a cooling/heating system including a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, and an outdoor heat exchanger which are connected in series via a refrigerant line, first and second parallel lines included in the refrigerant line and arranged between the expansion device and the compressor, a connecting line arranged between predetermined portions of the first and second parallel lines, a valve arranged in the connecting line to open/close a refrigerant flow path through the connecting line, and a supply water heat exchanger arranged in the second parallel line, the outdoor heat exchanger being arranged in the first parallel line, is characterized in that the valve of the connecting line is opened during a defrosting operation of the cooling/heating system so that supply water is supplied to the supply water heat exchanger via the connecting line and the second parallel line, to heat-exchange with a refrigerant passing through the supply water heat exchanger.
  • a method for controlling a cooling/heating system including a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, and an outdoor heat exchanger which are connected in series via a refrigerant line, first and second parallel lines included in the refrigerant line and arranged between the expansion device and the compressor, a valve arranged in the second parallel line to open/close a refrigerant flow path through the connecting line, and a supply water heat exchanger arranged in the second parallel line, the outdoor heat exchanger being arranged in the first parallel line, is characterized in that the valve of the second parallel line is opened during a defrosting operation of the cooling/heating system so that supply water is supplied to the supply water heat exchanger via the second parallel line, to heat-exchange with a refrigerant passing through the supply water heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1A a cooling/heating system according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1A .
  • This cooling/heating system includes a compressor 111, an indoor heat exchanger 112, an expansion device 113, and an outdoor heat exchanger 114 which are connected in series via refrigerant lines, in this order, to heat exchange a refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant lines with supply water.
  • the supply water means supply water for district heating purposes supplied from an external source such as a cogeneration system or cogeneration power plant. Since such supply water is typically supplied in a hot state, it will be referred to as "hot water” hereinafter.
  • the hot water is maintained at a temperature of about 70 to 90°C when reaching a building to which the hot water is to be supplied.
  • a temperature of about 70 to 90°C when reaching a building to which the hot water is to be supplied.
  • the refrigerant line arranged between the expansion device 113 and the compressor 111 includes a pair of parallel lines, namely, first and second parallel lines 121 and 122.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 114 is arranged in the first parallel line 121.
  • a first heat exchanger 131 is arranged in the second parallel line 122, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant. Since the first heat exchanger 131 heat-exchanges with the refrigerant using hot water in this case, the first heat exchanger 131 functions as a heater. In heating mode, the first heat exchanger 131 heats the refrigerant, which has been expanded by the expansion device 113, to a gas state, so that the gas refrigerant is introduced into the compressor 111 via the second parallel line 122.
  • a connecting line 123 is arranged between predetermined portions of the first and second parallel lines 121 and 122.
  • a valve 135 is also arranged in the connecting line 123, to open/close a refrigerant flow path through the connecting line 123.
  • an ON/OFF valve may be used which can simply open/close the refrigerant flow path.
  • a solenoid valve is used which can adjust the opening degree of the refrigerant flow path.
  • the connecting line valve 135 is arranged at a region where the connecting line 123 and the second parallel line 122 are connected. In this case, for the connecting line valve 135, a three-way valve is used which selectively switches the refrigerant emerging from the first heat exchanger 131 between the connecting line 123 and the second parallel line 122.
  • a second heat exchanger 132 is arranged in the first parallel line 121 between the outdoor heat exchanger 114 and the compressor 111, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant. Since the second heat exchanger 132 heat-exchanges with the refrigerant using hot water in this case, the third heat exchanger 133 practically functions as a heater.
  • a third heat exchanger 133 is arranged in a refrigerant line 124 arranged between the compressor 111 and the indoor heat exchanger 112, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant. Since the third heat exchanger 133 heat-exchanges with the refrigerant using hot water in this case, the third heat exchanger 133 practically functions as a heater.
  • Temperature sensors 131a, 132a, and 133a are arranged at respective refrigerant outlet sides of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 131, 132, and 133.
  • temperature sensors are arranged at any one or two of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 131, 132, and 133.
  • one temperature sensor can be arranged at the first heat exchanger 131, the second heat exchanger 132, or the third heat exchanger 133.
  • two temperature sensors can be arranged at the first and second heat exchangers 131 and 132, the second and third heat exchangers 132 and 133, or the first and third heat exchangers 131 and 133, respectively.
  • each of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 131, 132, and 133 includes heat transfer fins formed around the refrigerant line passing through the associated heat exchanger, and a hot water line arranged to heat-exchange with the refrigerant line formed with the heat transfer fins.
  • the hot water line forms a double pipe structure, together with the associated refrigerant line.
  • the flow directions of the refrigerant and hot water may be identical or opposite to each other. In terms of heat exchange efficiency, it is preferred that the flow directions of the refrigerant and hot water be opposite to each other.
  • the double pipe structure is not essential and the heat exchangers may have various structures other than the above-described structure, so long as the refrigerant can come into thermal contact with the hot water.
  • the hot water lines of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 131, 132, and 133 are independent to provide independent hot water flow paths for the heat exchangers, respectively, as shown in FIG. 1A .
  • Valves 131b, 132b, and 133b are arranged in the hot water lines, respectively. Accordingly, when the temperature of the refrigerant, which passes through any one of the heat exchangers 131, 132, and 133, is lower than the temperature of the hot water by a predetermined value or more, the hot water may be supplied to the associated heat exchanger. If not, the supply of the hot water may be cut off.
  • the hot water lines of at least two of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 131, 132, and 133 may be connected together in the form of a common hot water line to provide a common hot water flow path, as shown in FIG. 1B .
  • the common hot water line first pass through the heat exchanger which is required to heat the refrigerant in the heating mode.
  • the common hot water line may first pass through the third heat exchanger 133.
  • the refrigerant flows in a dotted-line direction shown in FIG. 1A .
  • the refrigerant is introduced into the third heat exchanger 133 after being compressed by the compressor 111.
  • introduction of the hot water is carried out only when it is determined that the temperature of the refrigerant is outside a predetermined temperature range set in a controller (not shown).
  • the introduced hot water increases the temperature of the refrigerant when the temperature of the refrigerant is low, and decreases the temperature of the refrigerant when the temperature of the refrigerant is high.
  • the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 111 can be maintained in the predetermined temperature range.
  • the refrigerant emerging from the third heat exchanger 133 is introduced into the indoor heat exchanger 112 which, in turn, condenses the introduced refrigerant.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 112 then heat-exchanges with air present in a confined space, for example, a room, to be air-conditioned, thereby heating the room.
  • the refrigerant emerging from the indoor heat exchanger 112 is then introduced into the second parallel line 122 after being expanded by the expansion device 113.
  • the refrigerant introduced into the second parallel line 122 is heated while passing through the first heat exchanger 131, so that the refrigerant is changed from a two-phase state to a gas phase.
  • the refrigerant emerging from the second parallel line 122 is introduced again into the compressor 111. Since the refrigerant introduced into the compressor 111 is a gas refrigerant maintained at a temperature higher than that of the expanded refrigerant, the compression work of the compressor 111 is reduced.
  • frost may be formed on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 114 when ambient temperature is very low (about-15°C or below). In this case, accordingly, a defrosting operation must be carried out to remove the frost.
  • the refrigerant flows in a solid-line direction shown in FIG. 1A .
  • the controller controls the connecting line valve 135 to be opened.
  • the expanded refrigerant introduced into the second parallel line 122 is branched into the connecting line 123 and the second parallel line 122 after heat-exchanging with the hot water in the first heat exchanger 131.
  • the fraction of the expanded refrigerant introduced into the connecting line 123 melts the frost formed on the outdoor heat exchanger 114 while passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 114, and then enters the compressor 111 after being heated in the second heat exchanger 132.
  • the remaining fraction of the expanded refrigerant is introduced into the compressor 111 via the second parallel line 122.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the compressor 111 is relatively high, so that the compression work of the compressor 111 can be reduced. Also, since the defrosting operation is carried out during the heating operation, the heating operation can be continuously carried out.
  • the refrigerant compressed in the compressor 111 is introduced into the first parallel line 121 in cooling mode.
  • the refrigerant from the first parallel line 121 is then introduced into the expansion device 113 after sequentially passing through the second heat exchanger 132 and outdoor heat exchanger 114.
  • the refrigerant expanded by the expansion device 113 is introduced into the compressor 111 after sequentially passing through the indoor heat exchanger 112 and third heat exchanger 133.
  • the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the cooling/heating system further includes a bypass line.
  • This cooling/heating system includes a compressor 111, an indoor heat exchanger 112, an expansion device 113, and an outdoor heat exchanger 114 which are connected in series via refrigerant lines, in this order.
  • the refrigerant line arranged between the expansion device 113 and the compressor 111 includes a first parallel line 121 and a second parallel line 122.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 114 is arranged in the first parallel line 121.
  • a first heat exchanger 131 is arranged in the second parallel line 122.
  • a connecting line 123 is also arranged to connect the first and second parallel lines 121 and 122.
  • a valve 135 is also arranged in the connecting line 123.
  • a second heat exchanger 132 is arranged in the first parallel line 121 between the outdoor heat exchanger 114 and the compressor 111.
  • a third heat exchanger 133 is arranged in a refrigerant line 124 arranged between the compressor 111 and the indoor heat exchanger 112. Temperature sensors 131a, 132a, and 133a are arranged at respective refrigerant outlet sides of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 131, 132, and 133.
  • the above-described constituent elements are substantially identical to those of the first embodiment, and, accordingly, no detailed description thereof will be given.
  • a bypass line 141 is connected to the refrigerant line 125 between the expansion device 113 and the indoor heat exchanger 112, and to the refrigerant line between the compressor 111 and the outdoor heat exchanger 114.
  • a fourth heat exchanger 134 is arranged in the bypass line 141, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant.
  • the fourth heat exchanger 134 heats the refrigerant bypassed through the bypass line 141 using hot water, so as to enable a gas-phase refrigerant to be introduced into the compressor 111.
  • a check valve 142 is arranged in the bypass line 141.
  • the check valve 142 is open when the pressure of the refrigerant is not lower than a predetermined pressure.
  • the check valve 142 opens in response to the pressure of the primarily compressed refrigerant. In this state, accordingly, a fraction of the primarily compressed refrigerant is introduced into the compressor 111 via the bypass line 141. The refrigerant introduced into the compressor 111 is then secondarily compressed by the compressor 111. When the refrigerant is double-compressed in such a manner, a remarkable increase in compression efficiency is achieved.
  • the check valve 142 is arranged at the refrigerant inlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 134.
  • the check valve 142 may alternatively be arranged at the refrigerant outlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 134.
  • the check valve 142 may be arranged at the refrigerant outlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 134.
  • the refrigerant may be unnecessarily accumulated in the fourth heat exchanger 134, thereby causing a refrigerant shortage.
  • a temperature sensor 134a is arranged at the refrigerant outlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 134.
  • the temperature sensor 134a determines the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the fourth heat exchanger 134, and controls the amount of hot water supplied to the fourth heat exchanger 134, based on the determined discharge temperature of the refrigerant. For example, when the temperature of the refrigerant is low, the temperature sensor 134a performs a control operation to supply a relatively large amount of hot water to the fourth heat exchanger 134. Other positions of the temperature sensor are possible.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth heat exchangers 131, 132, 133, and 141 include independent hot water lines to provide independent hot water flow paths for the heat exchangers, respectively, as shown in FIG. 2A .
  • Valves 131b, 132b, 133b, and 134b are arranged in the hot water lines, respectively. Accordingly, when the temperature of the refrigerant, which passes through any one of the heat exchangers 131, 132, 133, and 134, is lower than the temperature of the hot water by a predetermined value or more, the hot water is supplied to the associated heat exchanger. If not, the supply of the hot water is cut off.
  • the hot water lines of at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth heat exchangers 131, 132, 133, and 134 may be connected together in the form of a common hot water line to provide a common hot water flow path, as shown in FIG. 2B .
  • the common hot water line first pass through the heat exchanger which is required to heat the refrigerant in the heating mode.
  • the refrigerant flows in a dotted-line direction shown in FIG. 2A in the heating mode of the cooling/heating system, and flows in a solid-line direction shown in FIG. 2A in the defrosting mode of the cooling/heating system.
  • the compressor 111 compresses the refrigerant through two stages in the heating mode, a fraction of the refrigerant primarily compressed by the compressor 111 is introduced into the bypass line 141, so that the introduced refrigerant applies a certain pressure to the check valve 142, as shown in FIG. 2C .
  • the check valve 142 As the check valve 142 is opened by the refrigerant pressure, a fraction of the refrigerant primarily compressed by the compressor 111 is introduced into the fourth heat exchanger 134 via the bypass line 141.
  • the introduced refrigerant heat-exchanges with hot water, so that the refrigerant is changed to a gas state.
  • the gas refrigerant is introduced again into the compressor 111 which, in turn, secondarily compresses the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant compressed through two stages flows throughout the system.
  • the controller When it is determined in the heating mode that hot water is to be introduced into the fourth heat exchanger 134, the controller (not shown) performs a control operation to supply hot water to the fourth heat exchanger 134.
  • the controller when it is determined in the heating mode that the temperature of any one of the first through fourth heat exchangers is not more than a predetermined temperature set in the controller, the controller performs a control operation to supply hot water to the associated heat exchanger.
  • the predetermined temperature of each heat exchanger must be appropriately set, taking into consideration the heating capacity and cooling capacity of the system.
  • This cooling/heating system includes a compressor 161, an indoor heat exchanger 162, an expansion device 163, and an outdoor heat exchanger 164 which are connected in series via refrigerant lines, in this order, to heat exchange a refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant lines with supply water in heating mode.
  • the refrigerant line arranged between the expansion device 163 and the outdoor heat exchanger 164 includes a first parallel line 171 and a second parallel line 172.
  • a first heat exchanger 181 is arranged in the second parallel line 172, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant. Since the first heat exchanger 181 heat-exchanges with the refrigerant using hot water in this case, the first heat exchanger 181 functions as a heater.
  • a valve 185 is arranged in the second parallel line 172, to control a refrigerant flow path through the second parallel line 172. In the present embodiment the valve 185, is an ON/OFF valve which can simply open/close the refrigerant flow path.
  • valve 185 is arranged at a region where the first and second parallel lines 171 and 172 are connected.
  • a three-way valve can be used which selectively switches the refrigerant emerging from the expansion device 163 between the first parallel line 171 and the second parallel line 172.
  • a second heat exchanger 182 is arranged in the refrigerant line 171 between the outdoor heat exchanger 164 and the compressor 161, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant. Since the second heat exchanger 182 heat-exchanges with the refrigerant using hot water in this case, the second heat exchanger 182 functions as a heater. It is also preferred that a third heat exchanger 183 be arranged in a refrigerant line 174 arranged between the compressor 161 and the indoor heat exchanger 162, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant. Since the third heat exchanger 183 heat-exchanges with the refrigerant using hot water in this case, the third heat exchanger 183 functions as a heater.
  • temperature sensors 181a, 182a, and 183a are arranged at respective refrigerant outlet sides of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183.
  • a temperature sensor may be arranged at any one or two of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183.
  • one temperature sensor may be arranged at the first heat exchanger 181, the second heat exchanger 182, or the third heat exchanger 183.
  • two temperature sensors may be arranged at the first and second heat exchangers 181 and 182, the second and third heat exchangers 182 and 183, or the first and third heat exchangers 181 and 183, respectively.
  • Each of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183 may include heat transfer fins formed around the refrigerant line passing through the associated heat exchanger, and a hot water line arranged to heat-exchange with the refrigerant line formed with the heat transfer fins.
  • the hot water line may form a double pipe structure, together with the associated refrigerant line.
  • the flow directions of the refrigerant and hot water may be identical or opposite to each other. In terms of heat exchange efficiency, it is preferred that the flow directions of the refrigerant and hot water be opposite to each other.
  • the heat exchangers may have various structures other than the above-described structure, so long as the refrigerant can come into thermal contact with the hot water.
  • the hot water lines of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183 are independent to provide independent hot water flow paths for the heat exchangers, respectively.
  • Valves 181b, 182b, and 183b are arranged in the hot water lines, respectively. Accordingly, when the temperature of the refrigerant, which passes through any one of the heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183, is lower than the temperature of the hot water by a predetermined value or more, the hot water can be supplied to the associated heat exchanger. If not, the supply of the hot water can be cut off.
  • the hot water lines of at least two of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183 may be connected together in the form of a common hot water line to provide a common hot water flow path, as shown in FIG. 3B .
  • the common hot water line first pass through the heat exchanger which is required to heat the refrigerant in the heating mode.
  • the refrigerant flows in a dotted-line direction shown in FIG. 3A .
  • the refrigerant is introduced into the third heat exchanger 183 after being compressed by the compressor 161.
  • Introduction of the hot water is carried out only when it is determined that the temperature of the refrigerant is outside a predetermined temperature range set in a controller (not shown).
  • the introduced hot water increases the temperature of the refrigerant when the temperature of the refrigerant is low, and decreases the temperature of the refrigerant when the temperature of the refrigerant is high.
  • the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 161 can be maintained within the predetermined temperature range.
  • the refrigerant emerging from the third heat exchanger 183 is introduced into the indoor heat exchanger 162 which, in turn, condenses the introduced refrigerant.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 162 then heat-exchanges with air present in a room to be air-conditioned, thereby heating the room.
  • the refrigerant emerging from the indoor heat exchanger 162 is then introduced into the first parallel line 171 after being expanded by the expansion device 163.
  • the refrigerant introduced into the first parallel line 171 heat-exchanges with ambient air while passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 164.
  • the refrigerant is heated while passing through the second heat exchanger 182, so that the refrigerant is changed from a two-phase state to a gas phase.
  • the refrigerant is introduced again into the compressor 161. Since the refrigerant introduced into the compressor 161 is a gas refrigerant maintained at a temperature higher than that of the expanded refrigerant, the compression work of the compressor 161 is reduced.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 164 While the above-described heating operation is continued for a predetermined time, the outdoor heat exchanger 164 is exposed to ambient air. For this reason, when ambient temperature is very low (about -15°C or below), frost may be formed on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 164 because the low-temperature refrigerant is continuously introduced into the outdoor heat exchanger 164. In this case, accordingly, a defrosting operation must be carried out to remove the frost.
  • the refrigerant flows in a solid-line direction shown in FIG. 3A .
  • the controller controls the valve 185 of the second parallel line 172 to be opened.
  • the expanded refrigerant is introduced into the second parallel line 172.
  • the expanded refrigerant enters the outdoor heat exchanger 164 after heat-exchanging with hot water in the first heat exchanger 181.
  • the expanded refrigerant melts the frost formed on the outdoor heat exchanger 164 while passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 164, and then enters the second heat exchanger 182.
  • the expanded refrigerant passing through the first parallel line 171 is introduced into the second heat exchanger 182 via the outdoor heat exchanger 164.
  • the expanded refrigerant then enters the compressor 161 after being heated in the second heat exchanger 182.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the compressor 161 is relatively high, so that the compression work of the compressor 161 can be reduced.
  • the refrigerant compressed in the compressor 161 sequentially passes through the second heat exchanger 182, outdoor heat exchanger 164, expansion device 163, indoor heat exchanger 162, and third heat exchanger 183, in this order, and then re-enters the compressor 161.
  • the fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that the cooling/heating system further includes a bypass line.
  • This cooling/heating system includes a compressor 161, an indoor heat exchanger 162, an expansion device 163, and an outdoor heat exchanger 164 which are connected in series via refrigerant lines, in this order.
  • the refrigerant line arranged between the expansion device 163 and the outdoor heat exchanger 164 includes a first parallel line 171 and a second parallel line 172.
  • a first heat exchanger 181 is arranged in the second parallel line 172.
  • a valve 185 is arranged in the second parallel line 172.
  • a second heat exchanger 182 is arranged in the first parallel line 171 between the outdoor heat exchanger 164 and the compressor 161.
  • a third heat exchanger 183 is arranged in a refrigerant line 174 arranged between the compressor 161 and the indoor heat exchanger 162.
  • Temperature sensors 181a, 182a, and 183a are arranged at respective refrigerant outlet sides of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183.
  • Valves 181b, 182b, and 183b are also arranged in the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183, respectively.
  • the above-described constituent elements are substantially identical to those of the third embodiment, and, accordingly, no detailed description thereof will be given.
  • a bypass line 191 is connected to the refrigerant line 175 between the expansion device 163 and the indoor heat exchanger 162, and to the refrigerant line between the compressor 161 and the outdoor heat exchanger 164.
  • a fourth heat exchanger 184 is arranged in the bypass line 191, to heat-exchange with the refrigerant. Since the fourth heat exchanger 184 heat-exchanges with the refrigerant using hot water in this case, the fourth heat exchanger 184 functions as a heater. In this case, the fourth heat exchanger 184 heats the refrigerant bypassed through the bypass line 191, so as to enable a gas-phase refrigerant to be introduced into the compressor 161.
  • a check valve 192 is arranged in the bypass line 191.
  • the check valve 192 opens when the pressure of the refrigerant is not lower than a predetermined pressure.
  • the check valve 192 opens in response to the pressure of the primarily compressed refrigerant. In this state, accordingly, a fraction of the primarily compressed refrigerant is introduced into the compressor 161 via the bypass line 191. The refrigerant introduced into the compressor 161 is then secondarily compressed by the compressor 161. When the refrigerant is double-compressed in such a manner, a remarkable increase in compression efficiency is achieved.
  • the check valve 192 is arranged at the refrigerant inlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 184.
  • the check valve 192 may alternatively be arranged at the refrigerant outlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 184.
  • the check valve 192 may be arranged at the refrigerant outlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 184, the refrigerant may be unnecessarily accumulated in the fourth heat exchanger 184, thereby causing a refrigerant shortage.
  • a temperature sensor 184a is arranged at the refrigerant outlet side of the fourth heat exchanger 184.
  • the temperature sensor 184a determines the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the fourth heat exchanger 184, and controls the amount of hot water supplied to the fourth heat exchanger 184, based on the determined discharge temperature of the refrigerant. For example, when the temperature of the refrigerant is low, the temperature sensor 184a performs a control operation to supply a relatively large amount of hot water to the fourth heat exchanger 184.
  • other locations for the temperature sensor are possible.
  • the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183 include independent hot water lines to provide independent hot water flow paths, respectively, as shown in FIG. 4A .
  • the valves 181b, 182b, and 183b are arranged in the hot water lines, respectively. Accordingly, when the temperature of the refrigerant, which passes through any one of the heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183, is lower than the temperature of the hot water by a predetermined value or more, the hot water is supplied to the associated heat exchanger. If not, the supply of the hot water is cut off.
  • the hot water lines of at least two of the first, second, and third heat exchangers 181, 182, and 183 may be connected together in the form of a common hot water line to provide a common hot water flow path, as shown in FIG. 4B .
  • the common hot water line first pass through the heat exchanger which is required to heat the refrigerant in the heating mode.
  • the refrigerant flows in a dotted-line direction shown in FIG. 4A in the heating mode of the cooling/heating system, and flows in a solid-line direction shown in FIG. 4A in the defrosting mode of the cooling/heating system.
  • the compressor 161 compresses the refrigerant through two stages in the heating mode, a fraction of the refrigerant primarily compressed by the compressor 161 is introduced into the bypass line 191, so that the introduced refrigerant applies a certain pressure to the check valve 192.
  • the check valve 192 As the check valve 192 is opened by the refrigerant pressure, a fraction of the refrigerant primarily compressed by the compressor 161 is introduced into the fourth heat exchanger 184 via the bypass line 191, as shown in FIG. 4C .
  • the introduced refrigerant heat-exchanges with hot water, so that the refrigerant is changed to a gas state.
  • the gas refrigerant is introduced again into the compressor 161 which, in turn, secondarily compresses the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant compressed through two stages flows throughout the system.
  • the controller When it is determined in the heating mode that hot water is to be introduced into the fourth heat exchanger 184, the controller (not shown) performs a control operation to supply hot water to the fourth heat exchanger 184.
  • the controller when it is determined in the heating mode that the temperature of any one of the first through fourth heat exchangers is not more than a predetermined temperature set in the controller, the controller performs a control operation to supply hot water to the associated heat exchanger.
  • the predetermined temperature of each heat exchanger must be appropriately set, taking into consideration the heating capacity and cooling capacity of the system.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Système de refroidissement/chauffage comprenant :
    un compresseur (111), un échangeur de chaleur intérieur (112), un détendeur (113) et un échangeur de chaleur extérieur (114) qui sont reliés en série par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne de réfrigérant, un réfrigérant, qui s'écoule dans la ligne de réfrigérant, échangeant de la chaleur avec de l'eau d'alimentation, la ligne de réfrigérant comprenant une première ligne parallèle (121) et une seconde ligne parallèle (122) qui sont disposées entre le détendeur (113) et le compresseur (111), et l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (114) étant disposé dans la première ligne parallèle ;
    caractérisé par le fait que le système de refroidissement/chauffage comprend en outre :
    un premier échangeur de chaleur (131), à travers lequel passe l'eau d'alimentation et qui est disposé dans la seconde ligne parallèle (122), le premier échangeur de chaleur (131) échangeant de la chaleur avec le réfrigérant passant dans la seconde ligne parallèle, à l'aide de l'eau d'alimentation; et
    un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (132), à travers lequel passe l'eau d'alimentation et qui est disposé dans la première ligne parallèle entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (114) et le compresseur (111), le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (132) échangeant de la chaleur avec le réfrigérant passant à travers la première ligne parallèle, à l'aide de l'eau d'alimentation.
  2. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    une ligne de raccordement (123) disposée entre des parties prédéterminées des première et seconde lignes parallèles ; et
    une vanne disposée dans la ligne de raccordement pour ouvrir/fermer un trajet d'écoulement de réfrigérant dans la ligne de raccordement.
  3. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    un troisième échangeur de chaleur (133), à travers lequel passe l'eau d'alimentation et qui est disposé dans la ligne de réfrigérant entre le compresseur (111) et l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (112), le troisième échangeur de chaleur (133) échangeant de la chaleur avec le réfrigérant passant dans la ligne de réfrigérant entre le compresseur (111) et l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (112), à l'aide de l'eau d'alimentation.
  4. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 3, comprenant en outré :
    une ligne de dérivation (141) reliée entre une partie de la ligne de réfrigérant disposée entre le détendeur (113) et l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur (112) et une partie de la ligne de réfrigérant disposée entre le compresseur (111) et l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (114).
  5. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 4, comprenant en outre :
    un quatrième échangeur de chaleur (134), à travers lequel passe l'eau d'alimentation et qui est disposé dans la ligne de dérivation (141), le quatrième échangeur de chaleur (134) échangeant de la chaleur avec le réfrigérant passant dans la ligne de dérivation (141), à l'aide de l'eau d'alimentation.
  6. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 5, comprenant en outre :
    un clapet de non-retour disposé à un côté entrée de réfrigérant du quatrième échangeur de chaleur (134).
  7. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les premier à quatrième échangeurs de chaleur (131-134) ont des trajets d'écoulement d'eau d'alimentation indépendants, respectivement.
  8. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 5, dans lequel au moins deux parmi les premier à quatrième échangeurs de chaleur (131-134) ont un trajet d'écoulement d'eau d'alimentation commun.
  9. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    une vanne disposée dans la seconde ligne parallèle pour ouvrir/fermer un trajet d'écoulement de réfrigérant dans une ligne de raccordement.
  10. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la vanne est disposée à un côté entrée de réfrigérant du premier échangeur de chaleur (131).
  11. Système de refroidissement/chauffage selon la revendication 5, comprenant en outre :
    un capteur de température disposé à un côté sortie de réfrigérant d'au moins un parmi les premier à quatrième échangeurs de chaleur.
EP05256320.2A 2004-12-02 2005-10-11 Système de chauffage/refroidissement Expired - Fee Related EP1669698B1 (fr)

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EP1669698A2 EP1669698A2 (fr) 2006-06-14
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EP (1) EP1669698B1 (fr)
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KR100760985B1 (ko) * 2007-03-21 2007-09-21 양재구 병렬 순환계의 팽창수 및 보충수 제어 시스템
FI20075595A0 (fi) * 2007-06-27 2007-08-30 Enervent Oy Ab Ilmanvaihtokojeyksikkö
CN104792057A (zh) * 2015-04-20 2015-07-22 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 制冷装置及其控制方法
KR102658454B1 (ko) 2017-02-17 2024-04-17 엘지전자 주식회사 냉온장고, 및 차량

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Publication number Publication date
EP1669698A3 (fr) 2012-02-29
US20060117778A1 (en) 2006-06-08
CN1782620A (zh) 2006-06-07
CN100541053C (zh) 2009-09-16
KR20060061695A (ko) 2006-06-08
KR100744504B1 (ko) 2007-08-01
EP1669698A2 (fr) 2006-06-14

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