EP1669136A2 - Procédé pour le broyage de mais - Google Patents

Procédé pour le broyage de mais Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1669136A2
EP1669136A2 EP06006111A EP06006111A EP1669136A2 EP 1669136 A2 EP1669136 A2 EP 1669136A2 EP 06006111 A EP06006111 A EP 06006111A EP 06006111 A EP06006111 A EP 06006111A EP 1669136 A2 EP1669136 A2 EP 1669136A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
break
roller
separation step
size classes
grain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06006111A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1669136A3 (fr
Inventor
John Griebat
David Strief
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Quaker Oats Co
Original Assignee
Quaker Oats Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/661,136 external-priority patent/US6953165B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/661,139 external-priority patent/US7104479B1/en
Application filed by Quaker Oats Co filed Critical Quaker Oats Co
Publication of EP1669136A2 publication Critical patent/EP1669136A2/fr
Publication of EP1669136A3 publication Critical patent/EP1669136A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C9/00—Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain
    • B02C9/04—Systems or sequences of operations; Plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B5/00—Grain treatment not otherwise provided for
    • B02B5/02—Combined processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to processes for milling corn (maize) and obtaining products such as flour and meal therefrom.
  • corn kernel is a staple crop grown in many parts of the world. Corn is also known as Indian corn or maize and the flour, meal and oil obtained from corn are used as ingredients in many food products. Corn milling is an ancient practice to the human race. Historically, mill stones were utilized to grind the corn into meal. Wind and water powered mills developed several hundred years ago allowed for increased efficiency in the processing of corn. For the past hundred years, milling operations have typically utilized roll milling equipment in an effort to separate the components of the corn kernel for more particularized uses.
  • the corn kernel as illustrated in Fig. 1, has a number of components, each being best suited for various uses.
  • the process of modern dry corn milling seeks to segregate and separately process the below-identified parts of a kernel of corn as each part has a separate use.
  • the hard outer shell is called the pericarp or the bran coat.
  • the end of the corn kernel which adheres it to the corn cob is called the tip cap.
  • the interior of the corn kernel consists of the endosperm and the germ.
  • the endosperm is generally broken into two parts: soft endosperm and hard endosperm.
  • the hard endosperm generally produces grits and corn meal, and the soft endosperm generally produces corn flour.
  • the germ contains a much higher percentage of fat compared to the other parts of the kernel and is the source of corn oil.
  • Modern roll milling equipment utilizes contiguous rollers with varying sized corrugations and varying sized roller gap spacings to achieve the desired particle size fractionation.
  • mills employ rollers in series with increasingly narrow gaps in a gradual milling process.
  • the various parts of the corn kernel are segregated and removed to differing processing pathways, often referred to as streams.
  • the kernel is fractured via a mechanical process thereby freeing and removing the germ from the remaining parts of the kernel-a step called degermination.
  • the remaining parts of the kernel are broken up by a series of rollers.
  • the hard outer shell (bran) flakes are removed and the remaining soft and hard endosperm are further processed into differing streams by passing through a series of rollers and sifters which separate product by particle size.
  • the end products of the dry corn milling operation are bran, grits, meal, flour, and high fat germ.
  • the Entoletor degerminator includes a vertical drive shaft that operates a rotor. Kernels are fed downwardly towards the rotor where they are forced outwardly by centrifugal motion to impact a liner surface.
  • the product out of the degerminator is separated into a first stream which is relatively rich in endosperm and a second stream which is relatively rich in germ and bran.
  • the degerminated corn is aspirated to effect initial density separation of the fractured kernel.
  • the tailings and liftings from the aspirators are further separated through additional aspiration or the use of gravity tables.
  • bran, whole germ and germ contaminated particles obtained via density separation are lighter than other constituent parts and may be partially removed via gravity separation to be directed through a series of germ rollers and sifters.
  • Separated, primarily endosperm-containing streams from the gravity tables and aspirators may be directed to different break rollers depending on the particle size of the stream. For example, those primarily endosperm-containing streams having smaller particle sizes may be directed past the first and second break rollers, or as illustrated in Fig. 2, beyond to later break rollers.
  • the "break rollers" used in a gradual break process typically comprise corrugated rollers having roller gaps that cascade from wider roller gaps for the 1 st break roller to more narrow roller gaps for subsequent break rollers.
  • Roller gaps are the spacings between the exterior or "tip” portions of the corrugations on opposing rollers.
  • the use of five break rollers is typical, and roller gaps may vary depending on the desired finished product. Typical roller gap distances on prior art systems range from about 0.25 mm (0.01 inches) to about 1.8 mm (0.07 inches), wherein smaller gaps result in finer particles.
  • the break rollers are operated such that opposing corrugated roller faces rotate at differing rates.
  • Figure 4 contains examples of typical prior art roller corrugation configurations. Most configurations present a sharp edge and a dull edge as determined by the slope of the corrugation surface. Therefore, breaking may occur under a sharp to sharp, sharp to dull, dull to sharp, or dull to dull arrangement of opposing corrugations.
  • the further-broken particles are separated, typically by a sifting process. From there, larger particles are further rolled in a subsequent break roller (and the further-broken particles are again sifted), or they are passed on to drying or cooling steps or additional sifting steps to isolate finished products (flour, meal, grits, etc.). Of course other products may be desired by particular purchasers.
  • the remaining particles that fail to pass the post germ sifting steps are typically sent to a germ handling process (labeled oil recovery in Figure 2).
  • the finer particles obtained from the germ roller siftings are processed in a manner generally similar to the finer particles from the break rollers.
  • a traditional corn milling process involves an initial degermination step, followed by five separate roller, or breaking, steps each of which is followed by sifting steps.
  • the prior art includes various shorter mill processes wherein fewer roller steps are utilized, germ streams are extracted from the mill stream earlier in the process, and valuable capital, space and time savings are achieved. See for example the process described in the '313 patent.
  • the shortened mill regimes also dramatically reduce production expense by lowering the labor costs associated with the milling process due to the reduced maintenance and monitoring required of a much shorter process.
  • the '313 and '503 patents therefore specifically teach the separation or gradation of post degermination product for the purpose of avoiding the addition of moisture to the separated fines (See '313 patent, Col. 11, Lines 4-14) followed by the subsequent reintroduction of the fine stream into a mixed stream.
  • the '313 patent teaches a process wherein the product stream from the degerminator to the first break roll comprises bran, endosperm and germ.
  • the reintroduction of the sifted "fines" streams into other streams "contaminates" the sifted stream and increase the flow across subsequent sifters.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a method for processing grain kernels, such as corn, to obtain a desired finished product comprising the steps of:
  • the method further comprising the steps of:
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a method of milling grain kernels, comprising:
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a method of milling grain kernels, comprising:
  • the grain is corn, namely Indian corn or maize.
  • the first breaking step is a degermination step.
  • Suitable degerminators include impact degerminators, Entoletor degerminators, Ocrim degerminators, or Beall degerminator. The method of operation of these degerminators is given above.
  • the methods comprise up to four concurrent and/or consecutive breaking steps, made up of one degermination step and three breakage steps. Some of the broken kernel pieces will pass through more than one breakage step before reaching the desired end product size, whereas other pieces may be removed as finished product after only the first or second breaking steps.
  • the second and any subsequent breaking steps utilize break rollers, which rollers are preferably corrugated rollers.
  • break rollers which rollers are preferably corrugated rollers.
  • the finished product stream prefferably comprises broken kernel pieces of substantially homogeneous size and grades - i.e. flour, meal, bran, grits or high fat germ.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a method for processing kernels of corn to produce a desired finished product comprising the steps of:
  • a further aspect provides a preferred method of the invention comprising the steps of:
  • any of the short flow grain milling processes of the invention may be suitably transported according to these aspects of the invention.
  • the short flow grain milling process is transported via truck, train, airborne transport and/or waterborne transport.
  • the present invention is an improvement upon the prior art in that the present process does not contaminate or intermix the separated streams with less specifically graded streams once the finished product stream has been isolated. This is of significant advantage as it results in a dramatic decrease in handling and a reduction or elimination of flow across subsequent process steps.
  • the resultant increase in the through-put of product allows for the processing of an increased volume of corn in a given time, as well as the elimination of excess processing equipment.
  • the present invention utilizes a short flow corn mill having a dramatically reduced number of process steps with a commensurate reduction in processing and handling equipment, process monitoring and maintenance labour costs, and process space requirements.
  • This mill design utilizes fewer, but more aggressive break subsystems, instead of five gradual break subsystems, to appropriately shorten the flow while providing exceptional quality and yield performance.
  • the present invention typically employs zero to three break rollers in series (or more if parallel operations or redundancies are desired for system stability, etc) and preferably from one to three break rollers.
  • Finished product grade material is withdrawn from process streams when it is first separated, without further intermixing of already separated streams and without a need for further production sifting. This separation occurs early in the short mill process, preferably as early as separation of the degermination stream.
  • one embodiment of the present invention includes the diversion of other streams at early points in the milling process to a separate hammer-mill process for the production of flour.
  • This diversion of product to a hammer-mill process additionally eliminates product from the stream and further reduces the amount of handling, intermixing, and possible contamination of already separated streams with product of different gradations. Further, these diversions reduce the flow on rollers and on later portions of the mill. Therefore, efficiency is achieved by the rapid isolation and removal of finished product from the stream. Further, yield as well as efficiency is improved.
  • Average corn milling yields for the industry are 100 units of finished product per 180 units of raw corn starting material.
  • the short flow milling technology of the present invention allows for a dramatically improved yield of 100 units of finished product per 129 units of raw corn, which is currently the best yield in the industry (it is believed that the industry best has been 100/135 prior to the new short flow technology of the invention).
  • kernels are received and the kernels may, optionally, be pre-treated in any manner required to maximize the production of the desired end product (grits, meal, flour, etc.).
  • the corn is most commonly cleaned through impact de-infestation or washing.
  • the choice of a cleaning method will depend upon the desired end product, as even the cleaning steps may result in breakage of kernels or an alteration in the moisture content.
  • pre-treatment may involve tempering or moisturizing of the corn with water, hot water and/or steam, although this is not necessary.
  • the corn kernel's constituent parts as illustrated in Fig. 1 and as discussed above, comprise separate components of distinct character, each absorbs moisture differently and this differential absorption impacts degermination efficacy.
  • the pericarp or bran coat may be brittle without tempering, but tempering creates a more pliable bran coat that is more likely to be removed intact or as a particle of larger size.
  • tempering may aid the release of the germ still in connection with the tip-cap. This allows the removal of the tip cap with the germ and a reduction in the number of black tip-caps that may be further milled and result in discoloration of the finished product.
  • the '313 patent teaches tempering as a method for the facilitating the shortened process. However, tempering necessarily increases production costs through-energy expense for drying, and as a result tempering is not necessary to practice the process of the present invention.
  • the corn is degerminated.
  • the corn is degermed without the use of tempering and is accomplished with an impact degerminator.
  • This preferred method of degermination typically achieves breakage of the kernel into relatively large pieces, dislodging the germ.
  • Degermination is followed by a separation step. Degermination may be followed by a drying step prior to separation if tempering is elected, or drying may occur at a later stage in the process.
  • the post-degermination sifter is herein referred to as a "hominy grader.”
  • the hominy grader segments the broken corn into various streams depending on granulation-the size of the product granules.
  • the finer granulated streams, such as low fat meal and flour streams are directed as finished product from the hominy grader to eliminate excessive handling and deterioration of product quality.
  • the meal stock may be directed towards a hammer-mill or flour grinder if greater flour output is desired. By extracting finished product as soon as possible, the mill flow can be greatly reduced as further sifting of an already isolated stream is not required.
  • the medium granulated streams from the hominy grader are sent to directly to aggressive 2 nd and 3 rd (in series) break roll subsystems via aspirators.
  • the stream When sent directly to the 2 nd break roll subsystem, the stream does not pass first through the 1 st break roll subsystem.
  • the stream When sent directly to the 3 rd break roll subsystem, the stream does not pass first through either the 1 st or 2 nd break roll subsystems. Therefore, the present invention allows for the processing of a greater volume without increasing a greater load on a particular roller.
  • the aspiration step helps to break apart combined particles and further separate any remaining bran, germ or other non-endosperm material from the endosperm material.
  • Preferred aspirators comprise cascading angled surfaces having periodic ports in the sidewalls to allow a cross stream of air to "blow” loosened bran from the falling particles.
  • the liftings removed via aspiration can be directed to bran processing as a high value input.
  • the coarse granulated streams from the hominy grader are sent to gravity tables via aspiration. From the gravity tables, a lighter germ and germ-contaminated stream can be directed onward to an oil or germ recovery process. The remaining portions of the coarse product stream are sent to the aggressive 1 st break roll (in series) via aspiration.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the present invention operates as follows.
  • the input corn is cleaned and degerminated prior to arrival at the hominy grader.
  • a number 6, 12, 30, and 62 wire mesh screen is employed to separate the particles from degermination.
  • Alternative screen sizes may be employed to produce finished product having the desired particle size profiles and ranges.
  • the overs (particles that do not pass through) the number 6 screen are directed towards a gravity table via aspiration. From the gravity table, the lighter germ and germ contaminated material is removed and directed to a germ or oil recovery process. It has been found that at or above 95% of the germ is removed from the process stream at this point.
  • the heavier particles from the gravity table are directed to a first break roller.
  • the overs from the number 12 screen of the hominy grader are directed towards a second break roller via aspiration.
  • the overs from the number 30 screen of the hominy grader are directed towards a third break roller via aspiration.
  • the overs from the number 62 screen of the hominy grader are directed onward as finished product meal, whereas those portions that pass the number 62 screen are directed onward as finished product flour.
  • the meal finished product stream can optionally be diverted for grinding in to flour.
  • meal may be classified or obtained from other ranges as is known to those in the art.
  • a meal top screen typically ranges from about a number 30 to about a 46 and a meal bottom screen typically ranges from about a 46 to about a 72.
  • flour can be that portion that passes screens ranging from about a number 46 screen to about a number 72 screen. Therefore, although specific number wire mesh screens are referenced herein to describe the preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present invention may be practiced to achieve alternate finished product particle profiles.
  • the first break roller typically employs rollers having approximately 6 corrugations per cm (equivalent to 14 corrugations per inch) with a dull to dull arrangement.
  • the roller distance is typically adjusted after production begins. These adjustments allow operators to achieve target percentages for the differently sized particles coming off the rollers - i.e., the percentage of the roller output that falls into each screen size in the post-roller sifting step. It will be appreciated by the skilled person, however, that the corrugations, roller set-up and product output goals disclosed herein are preferred embodiments and that the present invention can be modified to maximize the overall mill output of a variety of particular product streams (meal, flour, grits etc.).
  • rolled particles are sifted with a number 12, 30 and 62 wire mesh screen.
  • Flour and meal are removed as finished product from the milling stream, as before.
  • the overs from the number 12 screen are sent to the second break aspirator (along with the overs from the number 12 screen of the hominy grader), and the overs of the number 30 screen are sent to the third break aspirator.
  • the second break rollers typically employ 6 corrugations per cm (equivalent to 14 corrugations per inch), and a dull to dull configuration.
  • rolled particles are sifted with a number 12, 30 and 62 wire mesh screen.
  • Flour and meal are removed as finished product from the milling stream, as before.
  • the overs from the number 12 screen are sent to the germ or oil recovery, and the overs of the number 30 screen are sent to the third break aspirator. Removal of the largest remaining particles from this step to oil recovery and germ processing further reduces the milling stream and limits the fat content of the remaining product.
  • the third break rollers employ approximately 8 corrugations per cm (equivalent to 20 corrugations per inch), a dull to dull configuration.
  • rolled particles are sifted with a number 22, 30, and 62 wire mesh screen.
  • Flour and meal are removed as finished product, as before.
  • Overs from the 30 screen are directed to grinding, such as a hammer mill process to produce flour.
  • Overs from the 22 screen are directed towards a bran dusting step to abrade remaining bran.
  • the bran recovered from the bran duster is suitable to be used as a bran flour or in other bran product process. The remains from the bran dusting process may, if desired be directed to re-enter the process at the hominy grader.
  • All grinder stock (including the overs from the number 30 screen of the third break sifter and some or all finished product meal if meal production is not desired) is ground, through a process such as hammer milling to generate flour.
  • Simple sifting with a flour screen (here a 62 wire screen) may be used to isolate additional finished product flour and redirect the overs of the flour screen for additional grinding.
  • additional screens can be included. This adds the advantage of further separating streams with potentially valuable uses.
  • the streams from the gravity table separator are further divided to include diversion to a gravity table germ aspirator.
  • product is directed to a gravity table germ roller and sifter.
  • the gravity table roller preferably employs approximately 5 corrugations per cm (equivalent to 12 corrugations per inch).
  • the gravity table germ roller sifter employs a number 12, 30 and 62 wire mesh screen. Flour and meal finished products are directed onward as before.
  • the overs of the number 12 screen are directed to germ or oil recovery processing, and the overs of the number 30 screen are directed onward to third break rollers via aspiration.
  • the short flow design of the present invention provides a finished product much faster in the milling process than typical full scale milling operations (hominy grader vs. 1 st or 2 nd break sifter). Each break sifter on the short flow produces finished product as contrasted with typical milling methods where secondary handling and sifting are required.
  • intermediate product streams are reduced to flour unlike other systems which use germ, tailings and purifier subsystems to reclaim poorer quality meal streams.
  • This provides very high quality meal/flour with minimal equipment, reduced monitoring and maintenance needs, and superior yield performance.
  • the basic milling philosophy behind the development of a shorter corn milling flow is to produce finished product faster, cheaper and better. This and the other objectives of the present invention are achieved through the application of the preferred mode and the invention as claimed herein.
  • the milling process can be taken from an isolated production facility and milling may be instituted on location - for example in a mobile milling facility capable of traveling to the source of the starting material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
EP06006111A 2000-09-13 2001-09-13 Procédé pour le broyage de mais Withdrawn EP1669136A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/661,136 US6953165B1 (en) 2000-09-13 2000-09-13 Corn milling process
US09/661,139 US7104479B1 (en) 2000-09-13 2000-09-13 Method for providing milling services
EP01307803A EP1213054B1 (fr) 2000-09-13 2001-09-13 Procédé pour le broyage de mais

Related Parent Applications (1)

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EP01307803A Division EP1213054B1 (fr) 2000-09-13 2001-09-13 Procédé pour le broyage de mais

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EP1669136A2 true EP1669136A2 (fr) 2006-06-14
EP1669136A3 EP1669136A3 (fr) 2006-07-05

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EP01307803A Expired - Lifetime EP1213054B1 (fr) 2000-09-13 2001-09-13 Procédé pour le broyage de mais
EP06006111A Withdrawn EP1669136A3 (fr) 2000-09-13 2001-09-13 Procédé pour le broyage de mais

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EP (2) EP1213054B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE324944T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60119265T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2266122T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20041646A1 (it) 2004-08-11 2004-11-11 Ocrim Spa Procedimento per la produzione di etanolo con l'impiego di farine di mais
US7419108B2 (en) 2005-02-07 2008-09-02 Glen Foster Corn fractionation process
US7938345B2 (en) 2008-08-15 2011-05-10 Crown Iron Works Company Dry milling corn fractionation process
CN103143410A (zh) * 2013-03-07 2013-06-12 沈玉现 一种半干法玉米酒精提胚生产工艺
US9180463B1 (en) 2014-08-29 2015-11-10 Joseph R. Fitzgerald Method for fractionation of dry material using accelerators

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1784762A (en) * 1930-03-29 1930-12-09 Hart Carter Co Process of and apparatus for milling flour
US2392365A (en) * 1942-05-11 1946-01-08 Pillsbury Mills Inc Milling process
US2460389A (en) * 1945-03-29 1949-02-01 Charles A Krause Jr Solvent extraction as step in milling process
US3399839A (en) * 1964-03-02 1968-09-03 Quaker Oats Co Dry milling corn process
DE3710602A1 (de) * 1986-05-08 1987-11-12 Malomipari Kutato Intezet Vorrichtung und verfahren zur aufbereitung von koernigem material, insbesondere weizen
EP0418801A1 (fr) * 1989-09-21 1991-03-27 T.P.T. TECHNOLOGIES S.p.A. Procédé de broyage de céréales comme le blé ou le mais, et appareillage relatif
US5250313A (en) * 1978-05-26 1993-10-05 Cereal Enterprises, Inc. Grain milling and degermination process

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2108655A (en) * 1936-06-29 1938-02-15 Beall Improvements Company Inc Degerminator
CH271100A (de) * 1948-12-11 1950-10-15 Haab Werner Müllereianlage.
US4189503A (en) 1978-05-26 1980-02-19 Cereal Enterprises, Inc. Method of degerminating a kernel of grain by simultaneously compressing the edges of the kernel
AT380183B (de) * 1983-12-20 1986-04-25 Dyk Peter Ing Anlage zum herstellen von backmehlen aus getreide
US5114079A (en) * 1990-12-10 1992-05-19 Kansas State University Research Foundation Simplified method and apparatus for producing white flour from wheat grain
JP3743599B2 (ja) * 1998-05-15 2006-02-08 株式会社サタケ 製粉方法及び該製粉方法による製粉システム

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1784762A (en) * 1930-03-29 1930-12-09 Hart Carter Co Process of and apparatus for milling flour
US2392365A (en) * 1942-05-11 1946-01-08 Pillsbury Mills Inc Milling process
US2460389A (en) * 1945-03-29 1949-02-01 Charles A Krause Jr Solvent extraction as step in milling process
US3399839A (en) * 1964-03-02 1968-09-03 Quaker Oats Co Dry milling corn process
US5250313A (en) * 1978-05-26 1993-10-05 Cereal Enterprises, Inc. Grain milling and degermination process
DE3710602A1 (de) * 1986-05-08 1987-11-12 Malomipari Kutato Intezet Vorrichtung und verfahren zur aufbereitung von koernigem material, insbesondere weizen
EP0418801A1 (fr) * 1989-09-21 1991-03-27 T.P.T. TECHNOLOGIES S.p.A. Procédé de broyage de céréales comme le blé ou le mais, et appareillage relatif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE324944T1 (de) 2006-06-15
EP1669136A3 (fr) 2006-07-05
ES2266122T3 (es) 2007-03-01
DE60119265D1 (de) 2006-06-08
DE60119265T2 (de) 2007-02-22
EP1213054A1 (fr) 2002-06-12
EP1213054B1 (fr) 2006-05-03

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