EP1659613B1 - Metallhalogenidlampenfüllungen mit Magnesium- und Indium - Google Patents

Metallhalogenidlampenfüllungen mit Magnesium- und Indium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1659613B1
EP1659613B1 EP05024948A EP05024948A EP1659613B1 EP 1659613 B1 EP1659613 B1 EP 1659613B1 EP 05024948 A EP05024948 A EP 05024948A EP 05024948 A EP05024948 A EP 05024948A EP 1659613 B1 EP1659613 B1 EP 1659613B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iodide
mole percent
lamp
metal halide
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP05024948A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1659613A1 (de
Inventor
Joseph A. Baglio
Lori R. Brock
Joanne M. Browne
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Osram Sylvania Inc
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Osram Sylvania Inc
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Priority to PL05024948T priority Critical patent/PL1659613T3/pl
Publication of EP1659613A1 publication Critical patent/EP1659613A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/20—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to metal halide fill chemistries for discharge lamps. More particularly, this invention relates to metal halide fills containing magnesium and indium.
  • Metal halide discharge lamps are favored for their high efficacies and high color rendering properties which result from the complex emission spectra generated by their rare-earth chemistries.
  • Particularly desirable are ceramic metal halide lamps which offer improved color rendering, color temperature, and efficacy over traditional quartz arc tube types. This is because ceramic arc tubes can operate at higher temperatures than their quartz counterparts and are less prone to react with the various metal halide chemistries.
  • ceramic lamps are typically designed to emit white light. This requires that the x,y color coordinates of the target emission lay on or near the blackbody radiator curve. Not only must the fill chemistry of the lamp be adjusted to achieve the targeted emission, but this must also be done while maintaining a high color rendering index (CRI) and high efficacy (lumens/watt, LPW).
  • CRI color rendering index
  • LPW high efficacy
  • a commercial 4200K lamp may contain mercury plus a mixture of Nal, Cal 2 , Dyl 3 , Hol 3 , Tml 3 , and TlI.
  • iodide salts are more favored than fluorides because of their lower reactivity and are more favored than chlorides or bromides because they tend to be less stable at higher temperatures.
  • Calcium iodide contributes red to the emission spectrum of the discharge to raise its R9 value and may also used to manipulate the electrical characteristics of the lamp.
  • a metal halide lamp containing sodium, rare earth, magnesium and indium halides is known from EP-A-1455382. This lamp may further contain calcium halide.
  • the inventors have determined that the presence of calcium iodide in metal halide fills can be linked to an undesirable spread in the correlated color temperatures (CCT) of certain metal halide lamps, particularly those with bulgy-shaped arc tubes. Thus it is desirable to limit the use of calcium iodide in order to reduce the variability in lamp performance.
  • CCT correlated color temperatures
  • the present invention is a metal halide fill for a discharge lamp that includes magnesium iodide as a full or partial replacement for calcium iodide.
  • the fill is comprised of mercury and a mixture of metal halide salts that contains about 1 to about 50 mole percent sodium iodide, about 1 5 to about 50 mole percent of a rare earth iodide, about 10 to about 30 mole percent magnesium iodide, about 10 to about 25 mole percent of indium iodide, and about 0 to about 25 mole percent calcium iodide, wherein the sum of the amounts of calcium iodide and magnesium iodide in the mixture is from about 20 to about 45 mole percent.
  • the rare earth iodide is selected from dysprosium iodide, holmium iodide, thulium iodide, or a combination thereof.
  • Thallium iodide may be substituted for a portion of the indium iodide in the mixture of metal halide salts.
  • the amount of thallium iodide in the mixture is not greater than about 6 mole percent.
  • the mixture of metal halide salts comprises 6 to 42 mole percent sodium iodide, 15 to 22 mole percent calcium iodide, 18 to 23 mole percent magnesium iodide, 10 to 25 mole percent indium iodide, and 1 8 to 38 mole percent of a rare earth iodide.
  • a particularly advantageous composition for the mixture of metal halide salts comprises about 22 mole percent sodium iodide, about 19 mole percent magnesium iodide, about 17 mole percent calcium iodide, about 16 mole percent indium iodide, and about 26 mole percent of a rare earth iodide.
  • the metal halide fill according to this invention produces a lamp exhibiting a correlated color temperature in the range of about 3500K to about 4700K.
  • lamp exhibits a color rendering index (CRI) greater than or equal to about 85, and more preferably, greater than about 90.
  • CRI color rendering index
  • the metal halide fills according to this invention are highly efficacious. Lamp efficacy is preferred to be at least about 90 lumens/watt (LPW) and more preferably at least about 100 LPW.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a ceramic metal halide arc tube.
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of a ceramic metal halide lamp.
  • the metal halide fills according to this invention uses magnesium iodide as a partial or full calcium iodide replacement.
  • the replacement of at least some of the calcium iodide improves the behavior of the molten salt condensate and reduces lamp-to-lamp CCT variability.
  • the magnesium iodide must be used together with indium iodide or a combination of indium iodide and thallium iodide.
  • Magnesium has a strong emission in the green region of the visible spectrum at about 518 nm which is near the green emission produced by thallium at about 535 nm. As this emission is near the peak of the human eye sensitivity curve, magnesium contributes to a high luminous efficacy of the lamp. However, magnesium and mercury also emit in the blue region of the visible spectrum between about 380 nm to about 440 nm. These blue emissions can cause a significant increase in the color temperature of the lamp.
  • indium or a combination of indium and thallium decreases the CCT to preferred levels. This is because In and Tl atoms have broad self-reversed absorption bands in the blue region of the spectrum. The indium band is centered at about 410 nm and the thallium band at about 378 nm. These self-reversed bands absorb the blue Mg and Hg emissions but not the relatively strong green Mg emissions. Elimination of the thallium from metal halide fills has been shown to make the lamps more amenable to dimming. For example, U.S. Patent No.
  • 6,71 7,364 describes using magnesium iodide as a substitute for thallium iodide to produce a dimmable, thallium-free lamp. Therefore, it is desirable to limit the amount of thallium in metal halide fills.
  • the amount of thallium iodide in the mixture of metal halide salts is in the range of 0 to about 6 mole percent.
  • a cross-sectional illustration of a ceramic metal halide arc tube is shown.
  • the arc tube 1 is a two-piece design which is made by joining two identically molded ceramic halves in their green state and then subjecting the green piece to a high temperature sintering.
  • the method of making the arc tube typically leaves a cosmetic seam 5 in the center of the arc tube where the two halves were mated.
  • a more detailed description of a method of making this type of ceramic arc tube is described in U.S. Patent 6,620,272 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the arc tube is usually composed of translucent polycrystalline alumina, although other ceramic materials may be used.
  • the arc tube has hemispherical end wells 17a, 17b and is commonly referred to as a bulgy shape.
  • the bulgy shape is preferred because it provides a more uniform temperature distribution compared to right-cylinder shapes such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,424,609 and 6,525,476.
  • the bulgy-shaped arc tube has an axially symmetric body 6 which encloses a discharge chamber 12.
  • Two opposed capillary tubes 2 extend outwardly from the body 6 along a central axis. In this 2-piece design, the capillary tubes have been integrally molded with the arc tube body.
  • the discharge chamber 12 of the arc tube contains a buffer gas, e.g., 30 to 300 torr Xe or Ar, and a metal halide fill 8 as described herein.
  • Electrode assemblies 14 are inserted into each capillary tube 2. One end of the electrode assemblies 14 protrudes out of the arc tube to provide an electrical connection. The tips of the electrode assemblies which extend into the discharge chamber are fitted with a tungsten coil 3 or other similar means for providing a point of attachment for the arc discharge.
  • the electrode assemblies are sealed hermetically to the capillary tubes by a frit material 9 (preferably, a Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Dy 2 O 3 frit). During lamp operation, the electrode assemblies act to conduct an electrical current from an external source of electrical power to the interior of the arc tube in order to form an electrical arc in the discharge chamber.
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of a ceramic metal halide lamp.
  • the arc tube 1 is connected at one end to leadwire 31 which is attached to frame 35 and at the other end to leadwire 36 which is attached to mounting post 43. Electric power is supplied to the lamp through screw base 40.
  • the threaded portion 61 of screw base 40 is electrically connected to frame 35 through leadwire 51 which is connected to a second mounting post 44.
  • Base contact 65 of screw base 40 is electrically isolated from the threaded portion 61 by insulator 60.
  • Leadwire 32 provides an electrical connection between the base contact 65 and the mounting post 43.
  • a UV-generating starting aid 39 is connected to mounting post 43. Leadwires 51 and 32 pass through and are sealed within glass stem 47.
  • a glass outer envelope 30 surrounds the arc tube and its associated components and is sealed to stem 47 to provide a gas-tight environment.
  • the outer envelope is evacuated, although in some cases it may contain up to 400 torr of nitrogen gas.
  • a getter strip 55 is used to reduce contamination of the envelope environment.
  • Lamps 1-3 contained 21 mg of mercury and Lamps 4-6 contained 24 mg of mercury. All arc tubes contained 9 mg of the mixture of metal halide salts and 90 torr Ar gas. Lamps 1-3 were made with arc tubes that were slightly smaller than the ones in Lamps 4-6, and therefore had a higher wall loading. The arc gap was 17.0 mm in Lamps 1-3 and 16.4 mm in Lamps 4-6. A vacuum outer jacket in a BT28 shape was used and the lamps were operated in a vertical, base-up orientation for 1 to 2 hours. Photometry data for the six lamps is provided in Table 2.
  • Lamps 7 and 8 Two additional lamps, Lamps 7 and 8, were made with 150 W bulgy-shaped arc tubes. Each 150W lamp contained 11.4 mg Hg. Lamp 7 contained 8.6 mg of the metal halide salt mixture and Lamp 8 contained 8.0 mg of the metal halide salt mixture described in Table 1. The vacuum outer jacket for Lamps 7 and 8 had an ED1 7 shape and the lamps were operated in a vertical, base-up orientation for 5 hours. Photometry data for these lamps are also provided in Table 2. Table 1 - Metal Halide Salt Mixtures (mole percent) Lamp No.
  • All of the test lamps in Table 2 had a CRI of at least about 85 and most had a CRI of at least 90.
  • the CCT of the lamps ranged from about 3600K to about 4700K and all had an efficacy of greater than about 100 LPW.
  • Lamps 2 and 5 had the most efficacious chemistries as well as a desirable CCT of about 4200K and CIE x,y, color points on or very near the black body curve (Plankian locus).
  • D uv the distance of the x,y color points from the Plankian locus, may be adjusted to zero by slightly altering the concentrations of the individual components in the fill, in particular, the thallium and/or sodium concentrations.
  • a metal halide lamp according to this invention will have a D uv within the range of about +5 to about -10. More preferably, the D uv will be in the range of about +1 to about -5, and even more preferably about +0.2 to about -2.5.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Metallhalogenidfüllung für eine Entladungslampe, umfassend:
    Quecksilber und eine Mischung aus Metallhalogenidsalzen; wobei die Mischung aus Metallhalogenidsalzen etwa 1 bis etwa 50 Mol-% Natriumiodid, etwa 15 bis etwa 50 Mol-% eines Seltenerdiodids, etwa 10 bis etwa 30 Mol-% Magnesiumiodid, etwa 10 bis etwa 25 Mol-% Indiumiodid und etwa 0 bis etwa 25 Mol-% Calciumiodid umfaßt, wobei die Summe der Mengen an Calciumiodid und Magnesiumiodid in der Mischung zwischen etwa 20 und etwa 45 Mol-% liegt.
  2. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 1, wobei Thalliumiodid für einen Teil des Indiumiodids substituiert wird.
  3. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Seltenerdiodid unter Dysprosiumiodid, Holmiumiodid, Thuliumiodid oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist.
  4. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Seltenerdiodid unter Dysprosiumiodid, Holmiumiodid, Thuliumiodid oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist.
  5. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Menge an Thalliumiodid in der Mischung nicht über etwa 6 Mol-% liegt.
  6. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Mischung aus Metallhalogenidsalzen 6 bis 42 Mol-% Natriumiodid, 15 bis 22 Mol-% Calciumiodid, 18 bis 23 Mol-% Magnesiumiodid, 10 bis 25 Mol-% Indiumiodid und 18 bis 38 Mol-% eines Seltenerdiodids umfaßt.
  7. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Mischung aus Metallhalogenidsalzen 22 Mol-% Natriumiodid, etwa 19 Mol-% Magnesiumiodid, etwa 17 Mol-% Calciumiodid, etwa 16 Mol-% Indiumiodid und etwa 26 Mol-% eines Seltenerdiodids umfaßt.
  8. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 6, wobei Thalliumiodid für einen Teil des Indiumiodids substituiert wird.
  9. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Seltenerdiodid unter Dysprosiumiodid, Holmiumiodid, Thuliumiodid oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist.
  10. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Seltenerdiodid unter Dysprosiumiodid, Holmiumiodid, Thuliumiodid oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist.
  11. Metallhalogenidfüllung nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Menge an Thalliumiodid in der Mischung nicht über etwa 6 Mol-% liegt.
  12. Metallhalogenidentladungslampe, umfassend: einen Sockel, einen Außenmantel und ein in dem Außenmantel enthaltenes Keramikentladungsgefäß, wobei das Keramikentladungsgefäß eine Entladungskammer umschließt, die eine Metallhalogenidfüllung enthält, wobei das Entladungsgefäß mindestens eine hermetisch eingeschmolzene Elektrodenbaugruppe aufweist, die sich in die Entladungskammer erstreckt und eine elektrische Verbindung zu dem Sockel aufweist, um innerhalb der Entladungskammer eine Lichtbogenentladung zu erzeugen;
    wobei die Metallhalogenidfüllung folgendes umfaßt:
    Quecksilber und eine Mischung aus Metallhalogenidsalzen; wobei die Mischung aus Metallhalogenidsalzen etwa 1 bis etwa 50 Mol-% Natriumiodid, etwa 15 bis etwa 50 Mol-% eines Seltenerdiodids, etwa 10 bis etwa 30 Mol-% Magnesiumiodid, etwa 10 bis etwa 25 Mol-% Indiumiodid und etwa 0 bis etwa 25 Mol-% Calciumiodid umfaßt, wobei die Summe der Mengen an Calciumiodid und Magnesiumiodid in der Mischung zwischen etwa 20 und etwa 45 Mol-% liegt.
  13. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Lampe eine korrelierte Farbtemperatur im Bereich von etwa 3.500K bis etwa 4.700K aufweist.
  14. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Lampe einen Farbwiedergabeindex größer oder gleich etwa 85 aufweist.
  15. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Lampe einen Farbwiedergabeindex von über etwa 90 aufweist.
  16. Lampe nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Lampe eine Lichtausbeute von mindestens etwa 90 Lumen/Watt aufweist.
  17. Lampe nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Lampe eine Lichtausbeute von mindestens etwa 100 Lumen/Watt aufweist.
  18. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Lampe einen DUV-Wert innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa +5 bis etwa -10 aufweist.
  19. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Lampe einen DUV-Wert innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa +1 bis etwa -5 aufweist.
  20. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Lampe einen DUV-Wert innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa +0,2 bis etwa -2,5 aufweist.
  21. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei Thalliumiodid für einen Teil des Indiumiodids substituiert wird.
  22. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Seltenerdiodid unter Dysprosiumiodid, Holmiumiodid, Thuliumiodid oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist.
  23. Lampe nach Anspruch 21, wobei das Seltenerdiodid unter Dysprosiumiodid, Holmiumiodid, Thuliumiodid oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist.
  24. Lampe nach Anspruch 21, wobei die Menge an Thalliumiodid in der Mischung nicht über etwa 6 Mol-% liegt.
  25. Lampe nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Seltenerdiodid unter Dysprosiumiodid, Holmiumiodid, Thuliumiodid oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist und die Lampe eine korrelierte Farbtemperatur im Bereich von etwa 3.500K bis etwa 4.700K, einen Farbwiedergabeindex größer als etwa 90, eine Lichtausbeute von mindestens 100 Lumen/Watt und einen DUV-Wert innerhalb des Bereichs von +5 bis etwa -10 aufweist.
  26. Lampe nach Anspruch 25, wobei Thalliumiodid für einen Teil des Indiumiodids ersetzt wird und die Menge an Thalliumiodid in der Mischung nicht größer als etwa 6 Mol% ist.
EP05024948A 2004-11-22 2005-11-15 Metallhalogenidlampenfüllungen mit Magnesium- und Indium Expired - Lifetime EP1659613B1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05024948T PL1659613T3 (pl) 2004-11-22 2005-11-15 Metalohalogenkowe środki chemiczne z magnezem i indem do lamp

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US10/904,657 US7256546B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2004-11-22 Metal halide lamp chemistries with magnesium and indium

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EP1659613A1 EP1659613A1 (de) 2006-05-24
EP1659613B1 true EP1659613B1 (de) 2007-03-21

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US (1) US7256546B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1659613B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4891596B2 (de)
CN (1) CN100576423C (de)
AT (1) ATE357735T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2512349A1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005000745T2 (de)
PL (1) PL1659613T3 (de)

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JP4402539B2 (ja) * 2004-08-06 2010-01-20 パナソニック株式会社 メタルハライドランプおよびそれを用いた照明装置
DE102005013003A1 (de) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenidlampe
ES2375211T3 (es) * 2005-04-14 2012-02-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Control del color de lámparas led blancas.
CN101167159B (zh) 2005-04-29 2010-12-08 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 金属卤化物灯
US8198823B2 (en) * 2009-11-20 2012-06-12 Osram Sylvania Inc. Method and gas discharge lamp with filter to control chromaticity drift during dimming
US8378594B2 (en) 2010-04-29 2013-02-19 Osram Sylvania Inc. Light output control technique by estimating lamp efficacy as a function of temperature and power
US8482202B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2013-07-09 General Electric Company Thallium iodide-free ceramic metal halide lamp
US8552646B2 (en) 2011-05-05 2013-10-08 General Electric Company Low T1I/low InI-based dose for dimming with minimal color shift and high performance
JP5825130B2 (ja) * 2012-02-08 2015-12-02 岩崎電気株式会社 セラミックメタルハライドランプ
JP6455817B2 (ja) * 2014-09-12 2019-01-23 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 照明装置
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JP4279120B2 (ja) * 2003-03-03 2009-06-17 オスラム・メルコ・東芝ライティング株式会社 高圧放電ランプおよび照明装置
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Publication number Publication date
JP4891596B2 (ja) 2012-03-07
CA2512349A1 (en) 2006-05-22
ATE357735T1 (de) 2007-04-15
DE602005000745D1 (de) 2007-05-03
PL1659613T3 (pl) 2007-05-31
EP1659613A1 (de) 2006-05-24
DE602005000745T2 (de) 2007-07-12
JP2006147583A (ja) 2006-06-08
CN1801454A (zh) 2006-07-12
US20060108930A1 (en) 2006-05-25
CN100576423C (zh) 2009-12-30
US7256546B2 (en) 2007-08-14

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