EP1655755B1 - Elektromagnetischer Betätiger mit beweglicher Spule - Google Patents

Elektromagnetischer Betätiger mit beweglicher Spule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1655755B1
EP1655755B1 EP05110059A EP05110059A EP1655755B1 EP 1655755 B1 EP1655755 B1 EP 1655755B1 EP 05110059 A EP05110059 A EP 05110059A EP 05110059 A EP05110059 A EP 05110059A EP 1655755 B1 EP1655755 B1 EP 1655755B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
moving
electromagnetic actuator
gap
actuator according
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Application number
EP05110059A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1655755A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Bataille
José Desforges
Stéphane FOLLIC
Didier Vigouroux
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP1655755A1 publication Critical patent/EP1655755A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H53/00—Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them
    • H01H53/01—Details
    • H01H53/015—Moving coils; Contact-driving arrangements associated therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator intended to be used in a switch electrical appliance, in particular in a relay, contactor or contactor-circuit breaker type apparatus.
  • the switch device comprises fixed contacts cooperating with moving contacts and an electromagnetic actuator which moves the movable contacts between a closed position in which they are pressed against the fixed contacts to circulate the supply current in the electric charge. , and an open position in which they are separated from the fixed contacts, thereby cutting off power to the load.
  • the actuators can use various types of actuation systems based on different magnetic and / or electromagnetic properties.
  • an electromagnet reluctant system is an actuating system frequently used in contactors. It comprises a fixed excitation coil traversed by an electric control current and a variable inductance ferromagnetic circuit comprising a fixed part and a movable part. It can also be polarized by the addition of a permanent magnet.
  • a reluctant system mainly generates a magnetic force that results from the change in reluctance due to the variation of the gap thickness of the magnetic circuit between the open and closed positions. This force is inversely proportional to the thickness of the magnetic gap. In the closed position, when the thickness of the gap is minimal, the motor force generated is therefore maximum. A low holding current in the coil is then sufficient to oppose the resisting force of the return means (such as return springs and contact pressure springs) and maintain the system in the closed position with a pressure of sufficient contact. Nevertheless, a reluctant system is capable of providing this important motor force only over a very short stroke, generally less than a few millimeters.
  • the thickness of the air gap of the magnetic circuit is maximum.
  • a high inrush current in the coil is necessary to create a sufficient motor force capable of attracting the moving part of the magnetic circuit. This can then lead to oversize the entire system (magnetic circuit and coil) with respect to this need for a high inrush current in the coil.
  • An electromechanical voice coil actuation system also called an electrodynamic system, is characterized by a fixed ferromagnetic circuit, a fixed magnet assembly and a voice coil.
  • the magnetic force is mainly a Laplace force that results from the variation of the mutual inductance between the magnet assembly and the coil. It is proportional to the coil current and the magnetic induction generated by the magnet assembly.
  • Such a system therefore provides a motor force having a good linearity throughout the race between the open and closed positions, for a magnetic flux and a given coil current.
  • this system does not provide a significant additional motor force near the closed position to ensure a good contact pressure of the movable contacts on the fixed contacts of the switch device. It is then necessary to greatly increase the coil current in the closed position, resulting in a significant electrical consumption as well as possible thermal problems.
  • the invention therefore proposes to improve the existing devices by combining in the same actuator a reluctant system of the electromagnet type with a voice coil system, so as to combine the advantages of these two technologies. This will in particular improve the dynamics of closing movement of an electromagnet through the action of a voice coil system. Conversely, it will also improve the contact pressure of the moving contacts of a voice coil system by the action of an electromagnet.
  • the fixed yoke comprises two lateral flanks and a fixed central core and the magnet assembly is composed of two magnets attached to the lateral flanks symmetrically with respect to the axis of movement of the coil.
  • the actuator comprises control electric current control means for controlling the force applied to the voice coil.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical switch device comprising one or more fixed contacts cooperating with one or more movable contacts to switch the supply of an electrical load connected downstream of the apparatus and comprising at least one such electromagnetic actuator to actuate the or mobile contacts.
  • the profile of the curve of the motor force of the actuator is much more suited to the profile of the curve of the resisting force of the moving contacts in a contactor type device.
  • the voice coil system provides the necessary motor force during the approach stroke of the movable contacts and the electromagnet provides the additional motor force needed at the end of stroke to press and hold the movable contacts against the fixed contacts.
  • the proposed solution is simple, easy to implement and allows to optimize performance, dimensions and consumption compared to an existing actuator for given characteristics of a device.
  • an actuator of a switchgear comprises a fixed yoke 10 of ferromagnetic material which has a U-shape with two lateral flanks 12, 13 and a base 14, as well as a central core 15 which rests on the base 14.
  • the central core 15 is wholly or partially surrounded by an excitation coil 30 which is movable in translation along a longitudinal displacement axis X when a current flows through it electrical control.
  • the actuator comprises a movable ferromagnetic element, consisting of a movable vane 20 in FIGS. 1 & 2, which is mechanically connected to the coil 30 by connecting means 35.
  • Various conventional connecting means not detailed here can easily be used to secure the moving pallet 20 with the spool
  • the mobile contact (s) of the device are coupled with this mobile arrangement "coil + pallet”.
  • the pallet 20 and the coil 30 thus move along the longitudinal axis X between an open position and a closed position in order to actuate movable contacts of the switch device.
  • the actuator also comprises a magnet assembly which is composed of two magnets 32,33 fixed on the inner wall of the lateral flanks 12, 13, respectively, symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the coil.
  • the magnetization axes of the magnets 32, 33 are perpendicular and symmetrical with respect to the X axis, and they are indifferently directed either towards the X axis or opposite the X axis.
  • the magnetic circuit of the actuator thus comprises a fixed part composed of the fixed yoke 10 and a movable part composed of the moving vane 20.
  • the circuit consists of two halves symmetrical with respect to the axis X that generate a magnetic flux B2 when a current flows in the coil 30.
  • Each magnetic circuit half has a magnetic gap of variable thickness E1 which is formed between the surface of the end of the lateral flanks 12, 13 and the corresponding gap surfaces of the pallet 20 located opposite the end of the flanks 12.13.
  • Each half of the magnetic circuit also has a residual magnetic gap of substantially constant thickness E2 formed between the central core 15 and the pallet 20 by surfaces parallel to the X axis and facing each other. . This residual gap makes it possible not to saturate the magnetic circuit in closed position.
  • the global air gap of each half of the magnetic circuit is therefore equal to E1 + E2 in the open position and equal to E2 in the closed position, if the pallet 20 is pressed against the sidewalls 12, 13 in the closed position.
  • the path of the magnetic flux B2 is as follows (see FIG. 2): central core 15, base 14, flanks 12, 13, gaps E1 between flanks 12, 13 and pallet 20, airlocks E2 and central core 15.
  • Flow B2 generates an attractive force F A which is applied to the movable pallet 20 so as to decrease the gap E1.
  • each magnet 32,33 creates a magnetic flux B1 (see FIG. 1) which passes through the coil 30, the central core 15, the base 14 and the flanks 12,13 before loop back into the magnets 32,33.
  • the flow B1 passes through the coil 30 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X.
  • a control current passes through the coil 30, then it creates a Laplace F L force which tends to move the coil along the X axis.
  • This force F L is proportional in particular to the control current and does not depend on the position of the coil 30, which causes a regular movement of the coil . This effort can be further easily controlled and regulated by varying the direction and intensity of the control current.
  • this device thus very simply combines a voice coil actuator, for example of the Voice-coil type, capable of providing a smooth movement over the entire travel of the coil with an electromagnet-type actuator capable of providing additional effort. important in the vicinity of the closed position. It is therefore no longer necessary to provide in the coil either a large holding current in the closed position to ensure a satisfactory contact pressure as with a simple voice coil actuator, or a large inrush current in the open position to start the closing movement of the mobile pallet as with a simple electromagnet.
  • the value E1 of the variable magnetic air gap is, for example, chosen so that the force F A intervenes substantially during the closing stroke before the movable contacts of the apparatus come into contact with the fixed contacts. This effectively overcomes the increase in the resisting force occurring at this time and can then apply to the movable contacts a sufficient contact pressure, relative to the desired characteristics of the device.
  • the value E2 of the residual air gap is chosen to minimize the saturation of the magnetic circuit in the closed position.
  • the actuator may comprise known return means (such as a return spring not shown in the figures) and may additionally send a reverse control current in the coil to better control this movement (for example to accelerate it).
  • known return means such as a return spring not shown in the figures
  • FIG. 3 shows a first variant of the first embodiment of the actuator, in the open position.
  • the moving part of the magnetic circuit is now composed of a movable core 21 of ferromagnetic material which is mechanically connected to the voice coil 30.
  • the fixed yoke 10 of the magnetic circuit comprises a base 14 carrying a fixed central core 16 and two lateral flanks 12,13 and a fixed pallet 18 placed transversely on the ends of the flanks 12,13.
  • the pallet 18 comprises a central opening for passing the movable core 21.
  • the variable air gap E1 of the magnetic circuit is formed between the surface of one end of the movable core 21 and the surface of a corresponding end of the fixed central core 16.
  • the coil 30 then surrounds the variable gap E1.
  • a residual gap E2 of the magnetic circuit is formed between the movable core 21 and the pallet 18 by their air gap surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis X vis-à-vis each other.
  • FIG. 3 shows an end of the movable core 21 whose surface 29 is not perpendicular to the axis of displacement X, but which has non-orthogonal inclined shapes with respect to the axis X.
  • the fixed core 16 then obviously has shapes complementary to this air gap surface 29.
  • Figure 4 shows a second variant of the first embodiment of the actuator, in the closed position.
  • the moving part of the magnetic circuit is now composed of a mobile pallet 22 full.
  • the central core 17 of the fixed yoke 10 no longer crosses the pallet 22.
  • the gap of the magnetic circuit is formed between the surfaces of the ends of the lateral flanks 12, 13 and the central core 17 with corresponding surfaces of the pallet 22. maintain a residual air gap in the closed position, non-magnetic shims 23 may for example be placed on the ends of the cylinder head 10.
  • the cross section, that is to say in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X, of the coil 30 may be of substantially circular shape allowing in particular to lighten the structure of the coil, or of substantially rectangular shape in particular to improve the efficiency of the Voice-coil effect.
  • Figures 5 & 6 show a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the electromagnetic actuator of the switch device no longer has two halves of magnetic circuit on either side of the longitudinal axis of displacement X but only one half.
  • the magnetic circuit now comprises a fixed yoke 40 and a movable member 45.
  • a magnetic gap of variable thickness E1 is formed between an air gap surface of the movable member 45 and a corresponding surface of the yoke 40. In the example FIGS. 5 to 7, these gap surfaces are substantially perpendicular to the X axis.
  • a fixed residual magnetic gap is formed between an air gap surface of the movable element 45 parallel to the X axis and a screw surface. to the corresponding screw of the bolt 40.
  • the fixed magnetic assembly is composed of a magnet 52 which is placed against the fixed yoke 40 and whose magnetization axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X.
  • a coil 50 movable in translation along the X axis is linked Mechanically to the movable member 45.
  • the coil 50 may surround the variable gap E1 ( Figures 5 & 6) to better use the effect produced by the coil, but could also surround the magnet 52 ( Figure 7).
  • the operation of this actuator is the same as before.
  • the movement of the coil 50 is obtained mainly by a force F L generated by the flow B1 of the magnet 52 when a current flows in the coil 50.
  • the decreasing gap E1 causes the increase of a magnetic force F A which is added to the force F L.
  • the actuator may also have means for regulating the electric control current making it possible to control and regulate the motor force applied to the voice coil so as to be able to control the position and the speed of the mobile part of the actuator.
  • These regulation means can be coupled to means for measuring the power current flowing in the contacts of the device so as to be able to switch the contacts at a predefined time.
  • the regulation means may choose to delay the opening movement until the current flowing in the contacts is less than one. predetermined threshold (switching to zero current).
  • a switch device powered by alternating current and comprising an actuator for each power pole can thus actuate the movable contacts of each pole at different times.
  • the regulating means also make it possible to slow down the end of the closing movement (possibly by sending an inverted control current in the coil) in order to minimize the risks of bouncing of the movable contacts against the fixed contacts.
  • Other functions for regulating the position and the speed of the arrangement "moving coil + moving element of the magnetic circuit" are obviously possible.
  • the regulating means may allow to go back without closing the contacts by reversing the direction of the control current in the coil, which would be impossible with a conventional electromagnet.

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  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger für ein elektrisches Schaltgerät, der aufweist:
    - ein ortsfestes ferromagnetisches Joch (10, 40),
    - eine ortsfeste magnetisierte Einheit (32, 33, 52),
    - eine Spule (30, 50) die unter der Wirkung der magnetisierten Einheit (32, 33, 52) entlang einer Verschiebungsachse (X) zwischen einer ersten Stellung und einer zweiten Stellung beweglich ist, wenn ein elektrischer Steuerstrom die Spule durchquert,
    - ein bewegliches ferromagnetisches Element (20, 21, 22, 45), das mechanisch mit der beweglichen Spule (30, 50) verbunden ist und einen Magnetspalt mit dem ortsfesten Joch (10, 40) bildet, wobei der Magnetspalt aufweist:
    - einen ersten Spalt mit veränderlicher Dicke (E1) zwischen mindestens einer Spaltfläche des beweglichen Elements (20, 21, 22, 45) und einer entsprechenden Spaltfläche des ortsfesten Jochs (10, 40),
    - einen zweiten Restspalt mit im Wesentlichen konstanter Dicke (E2) zwischen einer Spaltfläche des beweglichen Elements (20, 21, 22, 45) parallel zur Verschiebungsachse (X) und einer entsprechenden Spaltfläche des ortsfesten Jochs (10, 40),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der ersten Stellung der beweglichen Spule (30, 50) der Magnetspalt eine maximale Dicke hat, und in der zweiten Stellung der beweglichen Spule (30, 50) der Magnetspalt eine minimale Dicke hat.
  2. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das ortsfeste Joch zwei Seitenflanken (12, 13) und einen ortsfesten zentralen Kern (15, 16, 17) aufweist, und dass die magnetisierte Einheit aus zwei Magneten (32, 33) besteht, die an den Seitenflanken symmetrisch bezüglich der Verschiebungsachse (X) der Spule (30) befestigt sind.
  3. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche magnetische Element aus einem beweglichen Kern (21) besteht, wobei der erste veränderliche Spalt (E1) zwischen einer Fläche des beweglichen Kerns und einer entsprechenden Fläche des zentralen Kerns (16) des Jochs (10) gebildet ist.
  4. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bewegliche Spule (30) den ersten veränderlichen Spalt (E1) umgibt.
  5. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche magnetische Element aus einem beweglichen Anker (20) besteht, wobei der erste veränderliche Spalt (E1) zwischen mindestens einer Fläche des beweglichen Ankers und mindestens einer entsprechenden Fläche der Seitenflanken (12, 13) des Jochs (10) gebildet wird.
  6. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Anker (20) eine zentrale Öffnung für den Durchgang des zentralen Kerns (15) aufweist.
  7. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetisierte Einheit aus einem Magnet (52) besteht, der gegen das ortsfeste Joch (40) angeordnet ist.
  8. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bewegliche Spule (50) die magnetisierte Einheit (52) umgibt.
  9. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bewegliche Spule (50) den ersten veränderlichen Spalt (E1) umgibt.
  10. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spule (30, 50) einen Querschnitt von im Wesentlichen Kreisform aufweist.
  11. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spule (30, 50) einen Querschnitt von im Wesentlichen Rechteckform aufweist.
  12. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spaltfläche des beweglichen Elements (20, 22) lotrecht zur Verschiebungsachse (X) der Spule (30) liegt.
  13. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spaltfläche {29} des beweglichen Elements (21) bezüglich der Verschiebungsachse (X) der Spule (30) geneigt ist.
  14. Elektromagnetischer Betätiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betätiger Mittel zur Regelung des elektrischen Steuerstroms aufweist, um die Stellung und die Geschwindigkeit der beweglichen Spule (30, 50) und des beweglichen Elements (20, 21, 22, 45) zu steuern.
  15. Elektrisches Schaltgerät, das ortsfeste Kontakte aufweist, die mit beweglichen Kontakten zusammenwirken, um die Versorgung einer elektrischen Last umzuschalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens einen elektromagnetischen Betätiger nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist, um die beweglichen Kontakte zu betätigen.
EP05110059A 2004-11-08 2005-10-27 Elektromagnetischer Betätiger mit beweglicher Spule Active EP1655755B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0452555A FR2877762B1 (fr) 2004-11-08 2004-11-08 Actionneur electromagnetique a bobine mobile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1655755A1 EP1655755A1 (de) 2006-05-10
EP1655755B1 true EP1655755B1 (de) 2007-09-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05110059A Active EP1655755B1 (de) 2004-11-08 2005-10-27 Elektromagnetischer Betätiger mit beweglicher Spule

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EP (1) EP1655755B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE374429T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005002604T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1655755T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2292074T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2877762B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010519776A (ja) * 2007-02-27 2010-06-03 シュネーデル、エレクトリック、インダストリーズ、エスアーエス ハイブリッド型電磁アクチュエータ

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2921199B1 (fr) * 2007-09-17 2014-03-14 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique et appareil interrupteur equipe d'un tel actionneur electromagnetique
FR2934923B1 (fr) * 2008-08-11 2013-05-31 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique hybride a bobine fixe
DE102011080065B4 (de) 2010-10-16 2012-10-31 Msm Krystall Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigte Gesellschafter: Dr. Rainer Schneider, 12165 Berlin; Arno Mecklenburg, 10999 Berlin) Elektromagnetischer Linearaktor
EP2492928A3 (de) 2011-02-22 2017-08-30 ASML Netherlands BV Elektromagnetisches Stellglied, Gestellvorrichtung und lithografische Vorrichtung
CN104854665B (zh) 2012-10-12 2017-10-13 雷福尔公司 具有有限行程及低横向力的可扩展的高动态电磁线性驱动器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3525963A (en) * 1968-07-25 1970-08-25 English Electric Co Ltd Electro-magnetic actuator with armature assembly slidable between two limit positions
US4236130A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-11-25 Gustav Hubert Solenoid actuator having a long stroke
DE19815538A1 (de) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 Siemens Ag Antriebseinrichtungen für Unterbrechereinheiten von Schaltgeräten zur Energieversorgung und -verteilung
JP2000268683A (ja) * 1999-01-14 2000-09-29 Toshiba Corp 開閉器の操作装置
DE10261811B4 (de) * 2002-12-19 2005-01-20 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetischer Antrieb
DE10305465B3 (de) * 2003-02-04 2004-12-02 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetischer Antrieb für Schaltgeräte

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010519776A (ja) * 2007-02-27 2010-06-03 シュネーデル、エレクトリック、インダストリーズ、エスアーエス ハイブリッド型電磁アクチュエータ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2877762B1 (fr) 2007-07-13
ATE374429T1 (de) 2007-10-15
EP1655755A1 (de) 2006-05-10
ES2292074T3 (es) 2008-03-01
DK1655755T3 (da) 2008-01-28
DE602005002604T2 (de) 2008-06-26
DE602005002604D1 (de) 2007-11-08
FR2877762A1 (fr) 2006-05-12

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