EP1645719A1 - Moteur et procédé de génération de puissance - Google Patents

Moteur et procédé de génération de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1645719A1
EP1645719A1 EP05020570A EP05020570A EP1645719A1 EP 1645719 A1 EP1645719 A1 EP 1645719A1 EP 05020570 A EP05020570 A EP 05020570A EP 05020570 A EP05020570 A EP 05020570A EP 1645719 A1 EP1645719 A1 EP 1645719A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
volume
air
motor
expansion
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EP05020570A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Würtz
Jan-Hinnerk Scheel
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type
    • F01C11/002—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle
    • F01C11/004—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle and of complementary function, e.g. internal combustion engine with supercharger

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor comprising a compression unit, an expansion unit and a connection device comprising an air inlet area and a gas outlet area. Furthermore, the invention relates to a power generation process.
  • the said systems have in common that they are composed of many moving parts and have a relatively low efficiency in the use of energy released during combustion.
  • the object underlying the invention is to provide an engine and a power generation process available, which is based on a novel concept.
  • an engine in particular based on the principle of expansion of gases, comprising a compression unit, an expansion unit and a connection device with an energy supply device, wherein the connection device comprises an air inlet region and a gas outlet region, wherein the connection device in the air inlet region of the compression unit and in the gas outlet region of the expansion unit, in particular at least temporarily, in particular final, is limited.
  • a gas volume enclosed by the connecting device, the compression unit and the expansion unit has a substantially constant volume.
  • This motor principle is based on the basic concept that an energy supply takes place in a gas that is enclosed in a closed, substantially constant volume of a connecting device.
  • Energy supply can be in the form of heat energy, but also in other suitable ways, eg. B. by further air or gas supply, done.
  • Some reciprocating engines such as the diesel engine, have no constant Volume up for a burn. Due to the slow combustion of the fuel, the combustion of the diesel engine is approximately isobaric, ie at constant pressure. This is different in gas turbines, where there is no complete gas volume at all. Instead, a continuous flow of air flows through the gas turbine, wherein in the combustion chamber, a continuous combustion takes place in the flowing gas. The gas pressure in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine is constant.
  • the air inlet area is the transition area between the compression unit and the connection device
  • the gas outlet area is the transition area between the connection device and the expansion unit. If appropriate, the air inlet area and gas outlet area extend into the compression or expansion unit insofar as they are directly connected to the gas volume.
  • the gas volume contains in particular air, or optionally a mixture of air and combustion residues of fuel, or further supplied air or gas, and is in the air inlet region of the compression unit and in the gas outlet of the expansion unit so limited that the gas volume is completely enclosed and, at least substantially, can not escape.
  • a compression unit is understood to mean devices suitable for compression of gas, such as reciprocating or rotary compressors.
  • An expansion unit is understood to mean, inter alia, a turbine, for example an axial or radial turbine, but also other devices which make use of forces acting on the expansion of high-pressure gases, such as piston systems or compressors or compressors that operate in the reverse direction.
  • a heating means is arranged in or on the connecting device.
  • the heating means is a combustion unit, which in particular comprises a fuel supply line and a combustion nozzle for, in particular optional, continuous or pulsed combustion of the fuel.
  • a combustion unit which in particular comprises a fuel supply line and a combustion nozzle for, in particular optional, continuous or pulsed combustion of the fuel.
  • This advantageous embodiment allows a direct and thus very efficient entry of energy in the form of heat in the gas volume located in the boiler room.
  • other types of heat supply are possible within the meaning of the invention, such as e.g. by heating coils or heat exchangers outside or inside the helical space or by a heat bath.
  • the gas pressure in the connecting device can also be increased by further supply of air or gas.
  • combustion processes are deflagration, catalytic combustion, detonation or heat conversion, also in the context of a fuel cell and a heat exchanger.
  • the compression unit is designed to include an amount of air. Furthermore, the compression unit is designed to compress the trapped air quantity, and the compressed air quantity can be connected to gas in a gas volume in the connection device.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that unconsumed and precompressed air is supplied to a combustion process in the gas volume without the gas volume being opened and a loss of gas density occurring in the connection device.
  • the supplied air preferably has the same density as the gas in the gas volume In the connecting device, but a lower temperature and a lower pressure, since the compression takes place without supply of heat.
  • the volume of the air quantity is added to the gas volume after connection with the gas volume in the connecting device as Heileintass Scheme.
  • the expansion unit is designed for separating and enclosing a gas quantity from the gas volume in the connecting device, this has the advantage that used gas is removed from the gas volume without the gas volume being opened.
  • the gas quantity when separated from the gas volume substantially the same volume as the amount of air when connected to the gas volume.
  • the supply of air to the Gas volume and the removal of gas quantities from the gas volume in the connecting device takes place cyclically and with the same frequency.
  • the volumes of the air and gas in the compression and expansion unit are smaller than the gas volume in the connecting device, so that only a part of the gas is renewed and removed during each cycle.
  • fluctuations in the total volume with inaccurate synchronization of the cycles of the compression and expansion units are small compared to the total volume. In this case, the total volume is still substantially constant.
  • the amount of air has a different volume than the amount of gas.
  • a uniform mass flow is achieved in that the connecting and disconnecting cycles take place at different speeds or frequencies.
  • Such an embodiment has the advantage that it can be flexibly dimensioned for different purposes, if, for example, different construction concepts for the compression and expansion unit are realized.
  • the formation of unwanted standing waves in the gas volume is prevented in this way.
  • the expansion unit is designed for expansion of the volume of gas, and if a device is provided for harnessing the force acting in the expansion of the gas amount, there is the advantage that the pressure difference between the high, by compression and heating gas pressure of the gas used in the connecting device and, for example, the atmospheric pressure of the ambient air for other uses, such as power generation or movement of mechanical devices, made usable.
  • such a motor utilizes the effect of allowing an expansion ratio in the expansion unit greater than the compression ratio in the compression unit when the high gas pressure attained by energizing the connecting device.
  • the achievable expansion ratio is the ratio of the volume of a gas quantity before expansion to the volume after expansion and decrease of the gas pressure to the ambient pressure.
  • the compression ratio is the volume ratio of an amount of air before and after compression. Without energy supply, the achievable expansion ratio would ideally be only equal to the compression ratio without creating a negative pressure during the expansion itself. Because of occurring friction losses, it is actually even smaller.
  • the expansion ratio is structurally equal to the compression ratio, because compression and expansion in the run off the same cylinder. At about the point of greatest compression energy is supplied in the form of combustion, which greatly increases the gas pressure on the piston. In the expansion but due to the limited stroke of the piston only the same expansion ratio is achieved as bel the previous compression, so that an unused residual pressure remains.
  • a device for driving the compression of the air quantity in the compression unit is provided from at least part of the force acting on expansion of the gas in the expansion unit. This is particularly advantageous because a further drive of the compression unit is unnecessary.
  • the drive is done by decoupling energy Depending on the type of compression unit and the expansion unit, for example by transmission rods, V-belts or the like, but also by generating electric power for intermediate storage or for direct drive of an electric motor.
  • An advantageous development of the invention is that a device for, in particular alternating, synchronization of the connection of the volume of air with the gas volume and the separation of the volume of the gas amount is provided by the gas volume.
  • Alternating synchronization in the context of the invention means that the connection of the amount of air with the gas in the gas volume and the separation of the amount of gas from the gas volume in the connecting device happen substantially simultaneously. Because in such a synchronization, the amount of air is connected at a time with the gas volume at which a, in particular the same amount of gas is separated from the gas volume of the connecting device, the total volume of the gas volume remains substantially constant. This is one more more efficient use of combustion energy to increase the gas temperature and gas pressure achieved.
  • the ideal synchronization depends on the operating conditions, i. from the flow rate of the mass flow, the proportions of the volumes of the air amount, the amount of gas and the volume of the connecting device, and the intensity of the power supply in the connecting device.
  • duty cycles of compression unit and expansion unit are mutually strig.
  • the phase shift can be achieved, for example, by means of a controllable angular adjustment of the rotation element on the axis of rotation.
  • electronic control of an electric motor for the compression unit results in a particularly simple control of the phase shift.
  • the compression unit comprises a first rotation element, which is arranged in particular in a housing section, and if the first rotation element has slots in the radial direction, in which first surface elements are arranged to be radially movable, a particularly simple and compact construction is advantageous Construction achieved.
  • the slots are arranged with the surface elements at regular intervals along the circumference of the rotary member.
  • the housing portion is advantageously designed in one piece with the housing of the connecting device, so that a tight transition between compression unit and connecting device is realized. Further preferably, the housing portion around the rotation member describes a curvature whose center is spaced from the rotation axis of the rotation member.
  • the compression unit is further developed in that the amount of air after confinement by two successive first surface elements, an outer wall of the first rotation member and an inner wall of the housing portion is limited.
  • a cyclic inclusion of amounts of air is effected, which are transported by means of the rotation of the rotary member and the inclusion between the housing portion, the rotary member and successive surface elements.
  • the center of curvature of the housing portion is preferably spaced from the axis of rotation of the rotary member such that in the course of rotation of the rotary member, the volume of the trapped air quantity is reduced because it is transported to an area where the distance between the inner wall of the housing portion and the housing Outside wall of the rotary member is smaller.
  • the surface elements seal with the side walls or flush.
  • mechanical or electrical means are provided for the rotation angle-dependent control of the radial movement of the first surface elements. It is thereby achieved that the surface elements in each case move radially in their slots far enough from the axis of rotation of the rotary element that they engage with the inner wall of the housing section finish flush. This ensures the most dense possible inclusion of the air volume.
  • Mechanical means for controlling the radial movement of the first surface elements are, for example, guide rails or lever systems
  • electrical control means are, for example, angle-controlled electric motors.
  • the expansion unit comprises a second rotation element, which is arranged in particular in a housing section.
  • the second rotation element has slots in the radial direction, in which second surface elements are arranged to be radially movable, and the gas quantity, after separation by two successive second surface elements, an outer wall of the second Rotational element and an inner wall of the housing portion is limited.
  • the housing portion is preferably made in one piece with the housing of the heating chamber and seal or close the surface elements flush with the side walls of the housing portion.
  • the curvature of the housing portion is selected in this case so that the distance between the inner wall of the housing portion and the outer wall of the rotary member grows in the course of rotation of the rotary member. Consequently, the volume of trapped gas also increases.
  • This has the advantage that the expansion of the gas heated in the heating chamber contributes to the rotation of the second rotating element. Due to the increased pressure, a larger expansion ratio than compression ratio is possible.
  • a device for, in particular releasable, connection of the rotation of the first rotary member and the second rotary member is provided, in particular an axis, a V-belt or a Shaft. In this way, the force acting on expansion of the volume of gas in the expansion unit is used to compress the amount of air in the compression unit.
  • the effective areas of the surface elements in the air inlet and gas outlet area and their distances from the axes of rotation of the first and second rotation elements are preferably chosen to be suitable.
  • an effective surface is understood to be the part of the surface of a surface element which projects beyond the outer wall of a corresponding rotation element and thus delimits an air or gas volume.
  • a motor according to the invention is further developed in that the rotation of the first rotation element in the compression unit is driven by the rotation of the second rotation element in the expansion unit.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the motor according to the invention undergoes the fact that the compression unit is preceded by a Vorverdichtungscut. In this way, the entire torque acting on the first rotation element is effectively reduced and the work won by combustion in the heating chamber and decoupled in the expansion unit is used more effectively and less branched off to drive the first rotation element in the compression unit than without the precompression stage.
  • the object underlying the invention is achieved by a motor comprising a compression unit with a means for enclosing an air quantity, an expansion unit and an energy supply means, wherein the expansion ratio in the expansion unit is greater than the compression ratio in the compression unit.
  • a motor comprising a compression unit with a means for enclosing an air quantity, an expansion unit and an energy supply means, wherein the expansion ratio in the expansion unit is greater than the compression ratio in the compression unit.
  • the energy supply means is arranged in the expansion unit. In this way, a particularly compact design is achieved.
  • the energy can also be supplied in the expansion unit.
  • This power generation process essentially describes the process steps taking place in the engine according to the invention. Also by this method, it is possible to continuous heating a gas in a sealed gas volume of substantially constant volume to achieve the addition of limited amounts of air and by completing limited amounts of gas still fresh air is supplied regularly and spent gas is removed. Also in the power generation method according to the invention, the gas in the closed connection device is heated particularly effectively and the gas pressure is correspondingly increased effectively.
  • the preceding explanations of the engine according to the invention apply in the following accordingly for the power generation process. The same applies to the definition of the gas volume.
  • the increase in the gas pressure in the connecting device takes place essentially by heating the gas.
  • the heating of the gas in the connecting device is carried out continuously, which advantageously allows a particularly simple and compact construction energy supply.
  • the heating of the gas in the connecting device is pulsed.
  • the heating of the gas takes place in the connecting device by means of combustion. This represents a direct, thus particularly effective energy input.
  • the masses of the gas volume in the connecting device supplied or discharged air and gas quantities are substantially equal. It should be noted that in the case of combustion in the connecting device, the combustion products of imported fuel must be removed, which is generally, however, only a small part of the amounts of air and gas. The same applies to the case where energy in the form of compressed or compressed air is supplied to the connecting device.
  • the method steps of opening and reducing volumes of air quantities in the air inlet region and increasing the gas volume and closing gas quantities in the gas outlet region proceed equally fast and simultaneously, and that the total volume of air inlet region, gas volume and gas outlet region substantially remains constant.
  • the volume of air when connecting to the gas volume and the gas quantities when separating from the gas volume is smaller than the gas volume, in particular less than 50% of the gas volume, and in particular smaller than 30% of the gas volume.
  • gas pressure fluctuations in the gas volume are less than 50% of the maximum gas pressure in the connecting device, in particular less than 30% of the maximum gas pressure.
  • the process steps of the force recovery process be repeated cyclically and that two or more of the process steps be performed simultaneously, particularly including the amount of air, compressing the amount of air, heating the gas in the connection device, and / or expanding the amount of gas.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of an inventive engine 1 is shown.
  • air inlet 2 air is guided in a direction represented by an arrow to the compression unit 10, which is designed as a rotary compressor.
  • the rotary compressor 10 comprises a housing section 14, a rotary element 12 with radial slots 16 and radially movable first surface elements 17 arranged in the slots.
  • the first surface elements 17 are, for example, lamellae, rigid blades or the like, and seal flush with the housing section 14 and with the side walls of the housing portion 14 so as to enclose amounts of air 11, 11 ', 11 "The axis of rotation of the first rotary member 12 is offset from the center of the curvature of the housing portion 14, so that in the region of the inlet 2 the distance between the inner wall of the housing section 14 and the outer wall 13 of the first, in FIG. 1 counterclockwise rotating, rotary element 12 is larger than in the air inlet region 23.
  • the volumes of the air volumes 11, 11 ', 11 "trapped between the inner wall 15 of the housing section 14 of the compression unit 10, the outer wall 13 of the first rotary element 12 and the surface elements 17 are determined by rotation of the first rotary actuator 12 from the inlet 2 in the direction of the air inlet region 23 the connecting device 20, ie from 11 to 11 'to 11 ", transported and thereby reduced, which increases both the density and the temperature and the pressure of the air quantities 11, 11', 11".
  • Fig. 1 opens after further rotation of the first rotary member
  • the air inlet region 23 of the gas volume 22 extends from an interior 21 of the connecting device 20 into the compression unit 10, specifically until the following first surface element 17 delimiting the air volume 11 "at the rear.
  • a combustion unit 25 is arranged with a fuel supply 26, wherein a nozzle 27 of the combustion unit 25 in the interior 21 of the connecting device 20 is arranged.
  • the combustion of the fuel leads to a flame 28 in the gas volume 22, through which the gas in the interior 21 of the connecting device 20 is heated.
  • Other means for supplying energy such as e.g. catalytic heating processes, explosions or heating coils, which are supplied for example by fuel cells, or a compressed air supply line.
  • an expansion unit 30 is arranged, which is configured in this embodiment analogous to a reverse operated rotary compressor.
  • the expansion unit 30 comprises a curved housing section 34, a second rotary element 32 with radially arranged slots 36 and radially movably arranged second surface elements 37, wherein the axis of rotation of the second rotary element 32 is offset from the center of the curvature of the housing section 34 of the expansion unit 30.
  • the second rotation element 32 rotates in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 counterclockwise. In this case, gas quantities 31, 31 ', 31 "are cyclically closed off from the gas volume 22, which are transported under expansion in the direction of outlet 3.
  • the heating of the gas volume 22 is largely isochoric, ie at an approximately constant total volume of the gas volume 22 with associated transition regions 23, 24. This results in a particularly effective implementation of the released during combustion energy In a temperature and pressure increase of in the connection device 20 located gas.
  • the displacement of the rotation axis of the second rotation member 32 with respect to the center of the curvature of the housing portion 34 of the expansion unit 30 is so selected that upon rotation of the second rotation member 32, the volumes of trapped gas quantities 31, 31 ', 31 "in the course of rotation of the second rotation member 32 be enlarged (31 ', 31 ").
  • the expansion ratio realized in the expansion unit 30 is greater than the compression ratio In the compression unit 10.
  • the operating principle of the motor according to the invention is based essentially on the isochoric temperature and pressure increase of the gas volume 22, which generates a gas pressure which is substantially above the pressure of the ambient air in the inlet 2 and in the outlet 3.
  • the pressure difference causes the first and the second rotary element 12, 32 torques in opposite directions, namely in the first rotary element 12 against the rotational direction, and the second rotating member 12 in the rotational direction (both rotate counterclockwise).
  • Second contributions to the torques acting on the first and second rotating members 12, 32 and each having the same directions as the contributions from the pressure differences; are derived from the pressure in the amounts of air 11, 11 ', 11 ", 31, 31', 31" which produce a clockwise torque in the compression unit 10 and a counterclockwise torque in the compression unit 30. Because of the higher pressure in the Gas quantity as in the air quantity, a higher expansion ratio is possible.
  • the excess force acting in the expansion unit 30 due to the higher gas pressure compared to the air pressure in the compression unit 10 and the higher expansion ratio enabled thereby, is partly made available for the compression of air in the compression unit 10 and partly elsewhere, for example by means of the second Rotary element 32 connected electrical generators or other suitable means known per se.
  • the compression takes place adiabatically, ie without further energy supply, so that an enclosed amount of air 11, 11 ', 11 "at the position 11", ie shortly before the connection of the volume of the air 11 "with the gas volume 22, the same density as the gas in the gas volume 22, but a lower pressure and a lower temperature.
  • the volume of the air volume 11 opens to the gas volume 22, with the amount of air 11" mixed with the gas 11 "compared to the gas volume 22 is small, results in a moderate pressure and temperature reduction of the gas in the gas volume 22, while the gas density remains constant. Because of the pressure equalization occur in the Air inlet area 23 for a short time local density variations, but do not affect the average gas density in the gas volume 22.
  • the amount of air 11 "and gas in the gas volume 22 mix.
  • the volume of the air inlet portion 23 (formerly 11 '')
  • the gas volume 22 in the gas outlet region 24 increases into the expansion unit 30 by rotation of the second rotary element 32.
  • the reduction of the gas volume 22 in the air inlet region 23 in the compression unit 10 and the enlargement in the gas outlet region 24 the balance is held in the expansion unit 30 so that, in spite of the rotation of the first and second rotation elements 12, 32, the gas volume 22 remains approximately constant in the course of a cycle.
  • the first and second rotary members 12, 32 are connected to each other, for example via an axle, a V-belt or a shaft. Also, a separate drive of the first rotary member 12, for example by an electric motor, is provided, wherein the energy for the drive from the during the expansion of the gas quantities 31, 31 ', 31 "supplied in the expansion unit 30 work.
  • tuning of the torques acting on the rotating elements 12, 32 may be necessary, which may be effected by phase-shifting the synchronization of the rotation of the rotating elements 12, 32 and thereby the effective surface of the surface elements 17, 37 is increased or decreased.
  • tuning the torques acting on the first and second rotating members 12, 32 is prevented that abruptly high pressure differences or pressure peaks occur and act on the surface elements 17, 37, so that they wear out quickly and possibly break.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the processes taking place in the engine 1 according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the inlet 2 flows, represented by an arrow, air and is limited and enclosed in an amount of air 11 'between the outer wall 13 of the rotary member 12 and the inner wall 15 of the housing portion 14 of the compression unit 10 and two first surface elements 17.
  • the trapped air quantity 11 ' is compressed, represented by the reduced space 11 ".
  • this is done by rotation into a region in which the distance between the outer wall 13 of the first rotation element 12 and inner wall 15 of the housing portion 14 of the compression unit 10 is smaller than at the inlet 2.
  • the angle between the converging lines is a measure of the compression ratio.
  • the connection device 20 As soon as the first surface element 17, which leads in the direction of rotation of the first rotation element 12, reaches the connection device 20, the volume of the air quantity 11 'opens, forming the air inlet region 23 of the gas volume 22 in the connection device 20, represented by a retracting first surface element 17. There is a very fast mixing or a very fast compensation of the amount of air 11 'in Air inlet portion 23 with the gas volume 22, so that the gas volume after a short time and the air inlet portion 23 includes.
  • the gas volume 22 combustion takes place with a coming from a nozzle 27 flame 28, which heats the gas volume 22 continuously.
  • a gas amount 31 On the output side of the gas volume 22 is a gas amount 31, the temperature, pressure and density of the gas in the gas volume 22 has been included in the expansion unit 30 by means of two second surface elements 37.
  • the gas amount 31 expanded by the enlarged surfaces 31 'and 31 "expands as the rotation advances the gas amount 31 to an area where the distance between the outer wall 33 of the second rotating member 32 and
  • the expansion ratio which is greater in relation to the compression ratio is represented by the larger angle between the diverging boundary lines 33, 34 after the compression unit 20.
  • the volume of the gas quantity 31 "opens to the outlet 3, from which the gas is discharged in the direction of the arrow, for example, to an exhaust or a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 3 shows the time sequence of the positions of the air quantities 11, 11 ', 11 ", of the gas volume 22 and of the gas quantities 31, 31', as well as the closing and opening states of the first and second area elements 17, 37 In Fig. 2, however, the symbolic representation of the compression and expansion in the compression unit 10 and the expansion unit 30 has been omitted for clarity, compression and expansion take place in the manner described above.
  • FIG. 3 shows the engine state after inclusion an amount of air 11 'has been included and an amount of air 11 "has been transported, after being enclosed under adiabatic compression, to the air inlet area 23 of the gas volume 22, the air volume being 11". has the same density, but lower temperature and lower pressure than the gas in the gas volume 22, which is continuously scavenged by means of a nozzle 27 and a flame 28.
  • a gas quantity 31 with density, temperature and pressure of the gas Gas volume 22 has been trapped by inclusion between two second surface elements 37.
  • a further enclosed amount of gas 31 ' has been further transported under adiabatic expansion to position 31'.
  • the air quantities 11 ', 11 "have been transported so far that the first surface element 17, which had previously separated the air quantity 11" from the gas volume 22, is withdrawn, symbolized by an arrow pointing downwards.
  • gas from the gas volume 22 flows into the air inlet region 23 and mixes with the air contained therein, whereby a higher gas density occurs locally for a short time in the expansion unit 30, the trapped gas quantities 31, 31 'have also advanced with expansion in the direction of the outlet 3.
  • the gas volume 22, following the rotation of a second area element 37 has moved somewhat into the expansion unit 30.
  • the air in the air inlet portion 23 has completely mixed with the gas in the gas volume 22, and is the trapped air quantity 11 'has been transported further in the direction of the connecting device 20.
  • a second surface element 37 represented by an upward arrow, closes and includes a quantity of gas in a closure zone in a gas outlet region 24 in which the gas is still connected to the gas of the gas volume 22 and its properties having.
  • the enclosed gas quantities 31, 31 ' have been transported further in the direction of outlet 3.
  • the bottom line of Fig. 3 represents the state after closure of the second surface element 37. This state is in principle equal to the state of the engine 1 shown in the top line of Fig. 3.
  • a new amount of air 11 is included which is transported in the direction of the connecting device 20.
  • the initially trapped air quantity 11 ' has been transported on until immediately before connection to the gas volume 22, but is still separated from it by a first area element 17.
  • the inclusion of gas from the gas volume 22 in a closure volume 24 'in the expansion unit 30 analogous to the volume of the gas amount 31 in the first step in Figure 3 is completed.
  • the enclosed gas amount 31 has been transported further in the direction of the outlet 3, while the initially still enclosed amount of gas 31 'has meanwhile been opened and was discharged from the outlet 3.
  • a duty cycle of the engine 1 is completed.
  • FIG. 4 shows over a number of cycles the time profile of the pressure in the air inlet region 23 (upper illustration), in the gas volume 22 (middle illustration) and in the gas outlet region 24 (lower illustration) for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the upper illustration of FIG. 4 shows the time profile of the pressure in the air inlet region 23 of the gas volume 22 in the interior 21 of the connecting device 20 after opening the volume of the air volume 11 "to the gas volume 22.
  • the successive cycles of the periodic function relate to successive amounts of air 11 '', 11 ', 11, etc.
  • FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the basic thermodynamic process sequences of an Otto engine and an engine according to the invention in a pV diagram in a schematic representation, the volume V being plotted on the X axis and the pressure p on the Y axis.
  • an amount of air or gas is trapped in a first volume, the amount of air occupying the volume and pressure at point 41 of the diagram.
  • the pressure at point 41 is, for example, the ambient air pressure.
  • the state point 42 describes the state of greatest compression.
  • a fuel-air mixture is ignited at this point, whereby the temperature and the pressure increase at an approximately constant volume, up to a state which is indicated by the state point 43.
  • the embodiment of the engine according to the invention according to FIG. 1 connects at this point an enclosed amount of air 11, 11 ', 11 "with the gas volume 22 in which a combustion takes place constant volume, by which the temperature and pressure are increased.
  • the next step in the gasoline engine is to increase the gas volume by moving the piston in the cylinder.
  • the hot gas in the piston undergoes adiabatic expansion, indicated by an arrow, with decreasing pressure, up to the volume at the state point 44, which is limited by the maximum displacement of the cylinder and equal to the volume at the beginning of the cycle at state point 41. Since both compression and expansion in the same cylinder volume, and therefore run with the same compression and Expahsionsmul, the gas at the state point 44 still has a relation to the starting point 41 increased pressure escaping when discharging the gas from the cylinder.
  • the expansion ratio by design is greater than the compression ratio.
  • the endpoint of the adiabatic expansion of the gas starting in a partial volume and pressure corresponding to state point 43, is at a state point 44 ', which has both a greater volume and a lower pressure than the end point 44 of the gasoline engine.
  • the use of residual heat of the gas z. B. in a heat exchanger in the exhaust gas further increases this efficiency.
  • the engine and power harvesting method of the present invention allow for small-sized and lightweight construction, high fuel efficiency, low cost of ownership and versatility such as aircraft power turbine, propeller aircraft, unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV), missile systems, auxiliary power units, in industrial applications, such as drying, cooling, heat and electricity generation for offices, hotels, swimming pools, shopping malls and residential buildings. Furthermore, they can be used for emergency generators, mobile power generators for use and for connection at peak loads, as uninterruptible power sources (UPS) or as main propulsion units for ships, cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, trains and the like.
  • UPS uninterruptible power sources

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP05020570A 2004-09-24 2005-09-21 Moteur et procédé de génération de puissance Withdrawn EP1645719A1 (fr)

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DE102004046683A DE102004046683A1 (de) 2004-09-24 2004-09-24 Motor und Kraftgewinnungsverfahren

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EP1645719A1 true EP1645719A1 (fr) 2006-04-12

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EP05020570A Withdrawn EP1645719A1 (fr) 2004-09-24 2005-09-21 Moteur et procédé de génération de puissance

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EP (1) EP1645719A1 (fr)
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DE102007033174A1 (de) 2007-07-17 2009-01-22 Volkswagen Ag Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine
DE102007047280A1 (de) 2007-10-02 2009-04-16 Volkswagen Ag Heißgasmaschine sowie Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

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WO2010102536A1 (fr) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Dongguan Kidsme Trading Company Limited Dispositif destiné à alimenter les nourrissons
US9467021B2 (en) * 2010-02-16 2016-10-11 Sine Waves, Inc. Engine and induction generator
EP2604822B1 (fr) 2011-12-16 2019-07-10 José Ramón Martinez Casañ Turboréacteur avec compresseur à palettes coulissantes
DE102018100263A1 (de) * 2018-01-08 2019-07-11 Michael Würtz System zur Energieumwandlung und Verfahren zum Energieumwandeln
US10731557B1 (en) 2019-04-19 2020-08-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Cyclonic dirt separator for high efficiency brayton cycle based micro turbo alternator

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US5489199A (en) * 1992-09-04 1996-02-06 Spread Spectrum, Inc. Blade sealing arrangement for continuous combustion, positive displacement, combined cycle, pinned vane rotary compressor and expander engine system
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007033174A1 (de) 2007-07-17 2009-01-22 Volkswagen Ag Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine
DE102007047280A1 (de) 2007-10-02 2009-04-16 Volkswagen Ag Heißgasmaschine sowie Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

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DE102004046683A1 (de) 2006-03-30

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