EP1643193A2 - Verfahren zur Konfigurationsbestimmung eines Klimaanlagesystems - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Konfigurationsbestimmung eines Klimaanlagesystems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1643193A2
EP1643193A2 EP05103945A EP05103945A EP1643193A2 EP 1643193 A2 EP1643193 A2 EP 1643193A2 EP 05103945 A EP05103945 A EP 05103945A EP 05103945 A EP05103945 A EP 05103945A EP 1643193 A2 EP1643193 A2 EP 1643193A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
refrigerant
outdoor
refrigerant control
indoor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05103945A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1643193B1 (de
EP1643193A3 (de
Inventor
Hyun Soek Jung
Gyoo Ha Jung
Jong Kweon Ha
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samsung Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Publication of EP1643193A2 publication Critical patent/EP1643193A2/de
Publication of EP1643193A3 publication Critical patent/EP1643193A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1643193B1 publication Critical patent/EP1643193B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • F24F11/523Indication arrangements, e.g. displays for displaying temperature data
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F24F11/67Switching between heating and cooling modes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F24F3/065Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with a plurality of evaporators or condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/54Heating and cooling, simultaneously or alternatively
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/006Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for two pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
    • F25B2313/0233Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0314Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106Temperatures of fresh outdoor air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of determining the refrigerant conduit connections between indoor units and control valves in a multi air conditioner system comprising an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor unit, a plurality of refrigerant paths between the indoor units to the outdoor unit and refrigerant control valves in respective ones of said refrigerant paths, the method comprising:
  • a conventional multi air conditioner system comprises an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units connected in parallel to the outdoor unit, communication lines connected between the outdoor unit and the respective indoor units, power cables and refrigerant pipes.
  • the outdoor unit comprises a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger and a plurality of motor-operated valves mounted in the refrigerant pipes.
  • An example of the conventional multi air conditioner system is disclosed in KR-A-1998-025714.
  • an engineer When initially installing a conventional multi air conditioner system, as described above, an engineer connects the indoor units to the outdoor unit by the communication lines, the power cables and the refrigerant pipes. After that, the engineer measures the difference in temperature between the indoor units while opening and closing the motor-operated valves during cooling operation in order to determine which indoor units are connected to which respective refrigerant pipes (or the motor-operated valves).
  • cooling operation is carried out for determining how the indoor units are connected. This can result in the system becoming damaged. Specifically, the amount of refrigerant condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger is increased when the pipe connection determination is being performed in this way when the outdoor temperature is low.
  • the condensed refrigerant may not be sufficiently evaporated by the indoor heat exchangers and, therefore, the refrigerant is introduced into the compressor in a liquid state, which is harmful to the compressor.
  • a method is characterised by selecting heating or cooling for said operation of the air conditioner system in dependence of the ambient temperature at the outdoor unit.
  • cooling is performed when said ambient temperature is higher than a threshold but otherwise heating is performed.
  • a method of determining refrigerant conduit connections may comprise a method according to the present invention repeated for all or all but one of said refrigerant control valves.
  • a multi air conditioner system comprises an outdoor unit 10, first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60, connected to the outdoor unit 10, and a distributor 70 having first to fourth motor-operated valves 71, 72, 73, 74.
  • the outdoor unit 10 comprises a compressor 11 for compressing refrigerant, a four-way valve 12 for guiding the refrigerant flow, discharged from the compressor 11, an outdoor heat exchanger 13 which receives compressed refrigerant from the compressor 11, an outdoor fan 14 for forcibly blowing air across or through the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and an outdoor fan motor 15.
  • the outdoor unit 10 further comprises an outdoor temperature sensor 16 for measuring the outdoor temperature, an accumulator 17 for delivering gaseous refrigerant to the compressor 11, an outdoor unit microcomputer 18 for controlling the various components of the outdoor unit 10 and performing data communication with indoor unit microcomputers 36, 46, 56, 66, which are described below in detail; and a display part 19 for displaying the state of the multi air conditioner system.
  • the first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60 comprise first to fourth indoor heat exchangers 31, 41, 51, 61 for performing heat exchange with introduced indoor air; first to fourth indoor fans 32, 42, 52, 62 for introducing indoor air into the first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60, guiding the introduced air through the first to fourth indoor heat exchangers 31, 41, 51, 61 and discharging the air out of the first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60, and first to fourth indoor fan motors 33, 43, 53, 63 for rotating the first to fourth indoor fans 32, 42, 52, 62.
  • the first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60 further comprise first to fourth inlet temperature sensors 34, 44, 54, 64 mounted to pipes connected to the first to fourth indoor heat exchangers 31, 41, 51, 61, through which refrigerant is introduced (when performing a cooling operation), and first to fourth indoor unit microcomputers 36, 46, 56, 66 for controlling the respective components of the first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60 and performing data communication with the outdoor unit microcomputer 18.
  • the first to fourth motor-operated valves 71, 72, 73, 74, mounted in the distributor 70, are connected to the first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60 via refrigerant pipes to control the refrigerant flow rate into the first to fourth indoor units 30, 40, 50, 60.
  • the outdoor temperature sensor 16 measures outdoor temperature (80) to determine whether the measured outdoor temperature is higher than or equal to a reference temperature (82). If the outdoor temperature is higher than or equal to the reference temperature, cooling is performed (84). If the outdoor temperature is lower than the reference temperature, heating is performed (85).
  • the operating levels of the compressor 11, the outdoor fan 15 and the first to fourth indoor fans 32, 42, 52, 62 are appropriately controlled, according to operation modes, and the first to fourth motor-operated valves 71, 72, 73, 74 are maintained open at predetermined initial levels (86).
  • the temperatures at the inlets of the indoor units are measured by the first to fourth inlet temperature sensors 34, 44, 54, 64 respectively and the measured temperatures are stored (88). At this time, the temperatures at the inlets of the indoor units are temperate at the inlets of the respective indoor heat exchangers (based on the cooling operation).
  • the first motor-operated valve 71 is closed, while the other motor-operated valves 72, 73 and 74 remain open by an unchanged amount (90 and 92).
  • the temperatures at the inlets of the indoor units are measured again (94).
  • the predetermined period of time is set so that a change in temperature, resulting from the closing of the first motor-operated valve 25, is apparent.
  • the differences between temperatures at the inlets of the indoor units before closing the first motor-operated valve 71 and temperatures at the inlets of the indoor units after closing the first motor-operated valve 71 are calculated to determine whether there is an indoor unit where the temperature difference is more than a reference value (96). Such determination is made in order to prevent the temperature change at an indoor unit, where the inlet temperature has changed due to other causes than closing of the first motor-operated valve 71, from being incorrectly regarded as the indoor unit connected to the first motor-operated valve 71.
  • the reference value may be changed according to the system.
  • heating operation high-temperature refrigerant is not supplied to the indoor heat exchanger as the motor-operated valve is closed and, therefore, the temperature at the inlet of the indoor unit gradually decreases.
  • cooling operation low-temperature refrigerant is not supplied to the indoor heat exchanger as the motor-operated valve is closed and, therefore, the temperature at the inlet of the indoor unit gradually increases.
  • determination of whether the temperature at the inlet of the indoor unit has decreased more than the reference value, when the motor-operated valve is closed, is made when performing the pipe connection determination operation during heating operation, and determination as to whether the temperature at the inlet of the indoor unit has been increased more than the reference value as the motor-operated valve is closed is made when performing a pipe connection searching operation during the cooling operation.
  • the operation mode of the system is properly set depending on outdoor temperature when performing the pipe connection searching operation. Consequently, the present invention has the effect of preventing the pipe connection searching operation from being performed in improper operation modes, and therefore, preventing the system from being damaged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP05103945.1A 2004-10-02 2005-05-11 Verfahren zur Konfigurationsbestimmung eines Klimaanlagesystems Active EP1643193B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020040078565A KR101152936B1 (ko) 2004-10-02 2004-10-02 멀티 에어컨 시스템 및 멀티 에어컨 시스템의 배관연결탐색방법

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1643193A2 true EP1643193A2 (de) 2006-04-05
EP1643193A3 EP1643193A3 (de) 2011-08-17
EP1643193B1 EP1643193B1 (de) 2020-12-16

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EP05103945.1A Active EP1643193B1 (de) 2004-10-02 2005-05-11 Verfahren zur Konfigurationsbestimmung eines Klimaanlagesystems

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1643193B1 (de)
KR (1) KR101152936B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100373102C (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2137466A1 (de) * 2007-03-16 2009-12-30 LG Electronics Inc. Rohrabtastverfahren für eine klimaanlage
US20110113802A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2011-05-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Air conditioner
CN105650770A (zh) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-08 芜湖美智空调设备有限公司 多联机系统及其纠错控制方法
EP3399250A4 (de) * 2016-09-21 2019-04-24 GD Midea Heating & Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. Mehrfach verbundenes system und steuerungsverfahren dafür
WO2020235811A1 (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-11-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Air conditioner and pipe search method therefor

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102455076B1 (ko) * 2016-02-12 2022-10-14 엘지전자 주식회사 공기 조화기의 자동배관탐색장치 및 방법
KR102463796B1 (ko) * 2016-02-16 2022-11-07 엘지전자 주식회사 공기 조화기의 수동배관설정장치 및 방법
JP7032672B2 (ja) * 2020-06-11 2022-03-09 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷媒回路装置評価システム

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0678718A2 (de) 1994-04-19 1995-10-25 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Anwahl der Steuerungsdaten in Mehrstationsklimaanlagen
JPH07305879A (ja) 1994-05-10 1995-11-21 Daikin Ind Ltd マルチ形空気調和機の誤配線検出方法
JP2001289480A (ja) 2000-04-03 2001-10-19 Sharp Corp 多室型空気調和機

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JP3476899B2 (ja) * 1994-04-12 2003-12-10 東芝キヤリア株式会社 空気調和機
JP3492050B2 (ja) * 1995-10-17 2004-02-03 三菱重工業株式会社 マルチ式空気調和機の試運転方法
JPH1082565A (ja) * 1996-09-09 1998-03-31 Fujitsu General Ltd 多室形空気調和機
KR100220726B1 (ko) * 1997-02-11 1999-09-15 윤종용 멀티 에어콘
KR100318680B1 (ko) * 1998-04-20 2002-08-09 삼성전자 주식회사 냉난방겸용멀티에어컨
JP4032634B2 (ja) * 2000-11-13 2008-01-16 ダイキン工業株式会社 空気調和装置
JP2003028530A (ja) * 2001-07-19 2003-01-29 Fujitsu General Ltd 空気調和機
ATE489588T1 (de) * 2002-03-29 2010-12-15 Daikin Ind Ltd Klimaanlage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0678718A2 (de) 1994-04-19 1995-10-25 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Anwahl der Steuerungsdaten in Mehrstationsklimaanlagen
JPH07305879A (ja) 1994-05-10 1995-11-21 Daikin Ind Ltd マルチ形空気調和機の誤配線検出方法
JP2001289480A (ja) 2000-04-03 2001-10-19 Sharp Corp 多室型空気調和機

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2137466A1 (de) * 2007-03-16 2009-12-30 LG Electronics Inc. Rohrabtastverfahren für eine klimaanlage
EP2137466A4 (de) * 2007-03-16 2012-01-25 Lg Electronics Inc Rohrabtastverfahren für eine klimaanlage
US20110113802A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2011-05-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Air conditioner
US9212825B2 (en) * 2008-04-30 2015-12-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Air conditioner
CN105650770A (zh) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-08 芜湖美智空调设备有限公司 多联机系统及其纠错控制方法
EP3399250A4 (de) * 2016-09-21 2019-04-24 GD Midea Heating & Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. Mehrfach verbundenes system und steuerungsverfahren dafür
WO2020235811A1 (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-11-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Air conditioner and pipe search method therefor
US11614252B2 (en) 2019-05-17 2023-03-28 Lg Electronics Inc. Air conditioner and pipe search method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1643193B1 (de) 2020-12-16
EP1643193A3 (de) 2011-08-17
KR20060029565A (ko) 2006-04-06
KR101152936B1 (ko) 2012-06-08
CN1755260A (zh) 2006-04-05
CN100373102C (zh) 2008-03-05

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