Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
  • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
  • C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
  • C23C22/54—Treatment of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
  • B05D3/102—Pretreatment of metallic substrates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
  • B05D3/141—Plasma treatment
  • B05D3/142—Pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
  • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
  • B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/04—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
  • C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
  • C23C18/1212—Zeolites, glasses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
  • C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
  • C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
  • C23C18/122—Inorganic polymers, e.g. silanes, polysilazanes, polysiloxanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/1229—Composition of the substrate
  • C23C18/1241—Metallic substrates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
  • C23C18/1254—Sol or sol-gel processing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
  • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
  • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
  • C23C2222/20—Use of solutions containing silanes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
  • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method which is suitable for applying to chromium surfaces, in particular of sanitary and kitchen fittings, a permanently adhering, stable, dirt and water-repellent coating, and the components thus coated.
• Sanitary fittings are generally in daily use and are always in the immediate field of vision of the user. For these two reasons, they must be cleaned regularly, as contamination of the surface such as limescale, residues of dirt, cream, soaps, toothpaste, etc., as well as fingerprints interfere with the visual impression. In addition to the considerable amount of work, the regular cleaning is accompanied by the use of polluting cleaning agents and mechanical stress the fitting surfaces when using abrasive cleaners. The visually ongoing impression of a freshly cleaned fitting is usually lost during the first subsequent use again.
• Modern decorative surfaces are characterized by the fact that they have multifunctional layer properties in addition to the decorative requirements.
• These functional layer properties include, for example, the anti-adhesive behavior of surfaces.
• Such surfaces have a high resistance to further coverage, for example with dirt particles or paints.
• these layers have low sensitivity to fingerprints that may occur during production, assembly or daily use of sanitary fittings. Since antiadhesive surfaces have hydrophobic behavior, these layers usually have a higher corrosion resistance.
• Anti-adhesive, dirt-repellent properties can be achieved, for example, by coating a galvanically chromed surface (eg a bath fitting) with an anti-adhesive coating (eg a sol-gel coating).
• a galvanically chromed surface eg a bath fitting
• an anti-adhesive coating eg a sol-gel coating.
• the quality of these layer systems in addition to the layer properties, essentially depends on the adhesion of the layer to the chromium surface. Since the chromium surface is due to the production in very different or undefined state, no method is currently known that is suitable for applying a sol-gel system adherent to a chrome surface can.
• the layer structure of a galvanically deposited chromium layer consists of a copper base layer, a nickel intermediate layer and a chrome cover layer. These layers are applied galvanically one after the other. This production chain is supplemented by numerous activation and rinsing treatments between the individual coating steps. Accordingly, the surface state obtained by the coating is a function resulting from both the physical and chemical properties of the coating material as well as the type of coating chemicals used.
• a closed, passivating chromium oxide layer of several atomic layers is formed on the surface of the chromium layer.
• This oxide layer prevents the further oxidation of the underlying chromium and is one of the causes of a poorer wetting behavior compared to highly polar liquids, so that usually result in further coating a chromium surface problems in terms of wetting and adhesion.
• Water for example, shows a wetting edge angle of 90 ° on a smooth, electroplated chrome layer, a typical value for hydrophobic surfaces that do not permit wetting by media with polar groups.
• Suitable coating materials here are, on the one hand, conventional organic paints with surface tension-reducing additives, such as silicones, on the other hand fluoro-organically functionalized sol-gel coatings and, furthermore, perfluorinated polymers, such as poly (tetrafluoroethylene).
• the first-mentioned coating materials generally have to be applied with a relatively high layer thickness (30 to several 100 .mu.m), are chemically and mechanically mostly of limited stability and generally have no extremely low surface tension, so that no decisive reduction in dirt sensitivity is achieved in comparison to chromium.
• the mentioned perfluoropolymers must also be applied with a high layer thickness (usually over 100 ⁇ m).
• the advantages of high chemical resistance and pronounced anti-adhesive effect stand in contrast to the disadvantages that the formation of a closed layer after application of the polymer dispersion takes place only at very high temperatures (about 300 ° C. and higher), that the mechanical hardness of the layers is low and that usually no transparent, but cloudy layers are obtained become.
• a method for producing mechanically resistant and highly anti-adhesive surfaces which is described several times in the patent literature (eg in WO 9842886, US 5753313, CN 1077144), lies in two-layer systems consisting of a thermally sprayed (or electro-arc sprayed) ceramic - or metal layer and a subsequently applied layer of silicone resin or better fluoropolymer, which covers both the surface of the sprayed layer as well as their wells and pores fills.
• this process is a total of consuming, since it contains two complex coating steps with completely different technology and is reserved by the heat of the spray material and the high processing temperature of the polymer resins temperature stable substrates.
• structured, non-transparent surfaces are also formed here.
• a perfluoropolymer phase may also be in the form of an IPN (interpenetrating network) or a nanocomposite with another polymer, e.g. (as disclosed in WO 9701599) a polysiloxane.
• IPN interpenetrating network
• a nanocomposite with another polymer e.g. (as disclosed in WO 9701599) a polysiloxane.
• Sol-gel coatings have the advantage of forming stable, transparent layers even at significantly lower layer thicknesses (1-10 ⁇ m). As a result, little coating material is consumed and affects the appearance of the coated workpiece as little as possible.
• the crosslinking of such layers takes place already at temperatures between 100 ° C and 150 ° C, whereby the energy consumption is lower and thermally sensitive substrates (eg electroplated plastics) can also be coated without damage. Due to their high degree of crosslinking, these layers have a mechanical stability which is superior to that of organic materials. The high inorganic content of such compounds also leads to a high stability against chemical attack and high temperatures.
• sol-gel coatings appear predestined for the production of dirt and water-repellent layers on sanitary fittings, especially chrome plumbing fittings, as a strong anti-adhesive effect can be achieved by them, without losing the advantageous properties of the metal surfaces.
• the hitherto unresolved problem with this task was the too low surface tension of galvanically produced chromium surfaces, which leads to poor wetting and weak adhesion.
• the activation step which modifies the metallic surface, is necessary to improve the wetting behavior of the surface and to enable a strong coating with sol-gel systems.
• the modification of the metallic surface leads to a defined surface state, which is characterized in that the surface has a higher surface energy, thereby allowing a better adhesion of the sol-gel systems on the surface.
• the metallic surface is evacuated in a vacuum chamber and subjected to a plasma treatment.
• the components are evacuated in a vacuum chamber and heated to a substrate-dependent temperature, wherein the heating of the components usually takes place in an inert atmosphere.
• a glow discharge is triggered, which is caused by the application of a DC voltage between the component and the recipient wall, so that ionized gas species are accelerated towards the component and encounter the surface of the components.
• the activation of the surface then results from the impact cascades, which trigger the impinging gas particles and thereby adhering to the surface Remove oxides and impurities (sputtering).
• Under passivated surface can be understood in this context, a surface that is only partially passivated, and also an at least partially activated surface.
• a dirt and water repellent sol-gel layer system is then applied to the thus activated and modified metallic surface, which has a good adhesive strength.
• the low surface tension of the sol-gel system coated metallic surfaces according to the present invention prevents or minimizes the adhesion of a great variety of contaminants.
• residues persist on the surface, they can generally be easily removed by rinsing with water. This results in a significant reduction in the amount of work involved in cleaning, as well as saving or the complete abandonment of polluting cleaning agents. Due to the greatly reduced mechanical cleaning effort, the fitting surface is spared and the optically perfect condition is retained longer.
• Another key advantage is the improved hygiene, since the adhesion of microorganisms is difficult and they can not develop in the absence of water on the surface in question. Of central importance is the latter advantage in valves that are used in the medical field, eg in clinics.
• Another advantage of the invention lies in the corrosion protection effect of the coating or the layer system due to their high chemical resistance and high electrical resistance.
• coating and layer system are used as synonyms.
• the formation of local elements with other metals is avoided as effectively as the chemical attack by corrosive gases such as oxygen and SO 2 , which can not penetrate to the actual metal surface.
• corrosive gases such as oxygen and SO 2
• the invention has another positive effect. Impurities such as hand perspiration are preferred in the depression of such surfaces and remain clearly visible due to the changed at this point reflection behavior ("fingerprint” effect). Such fingerprints are almost impossible to remove mechanically, but only through the use of cleaning agents.
• the adhesion of hand sweat in the wells of the surface is significantly more difficult and thereby significantly reduces the annoying fingerprint effect or completely suppressed.
• a particular advantage of the present invention is that closed anti-adhesive layers with very low layer thickness (1 micron and underneath), so that the structure of such finely structured surfaces - and thus their appearance and feel - is not significantly changed.
• the size of a structuring applied to the metal surface for decorative purposes is on the order of magnitude of microstructures, this is done solely for decorative purposes and not for the purpose of achieving a self-cleaning effect.
• the soil-repellent effect is produced by chemical functionalization, the use of the lotus effect to achieve a self-cleaning effect is expressly not the subject of this invention.
• the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that the activation increases the surface energy of the metallic surface to values of> 40 mN / m and more preferably> 50 mN / m. In this way, the defect-free and permanently adhering coating of the metallic surface is made possible.
• the physical activation i. the sputtering process is preferably carried out in a hydrogen-nitrogen-argon atmosphere.
• the coating of the surface following activation is preferably carried out starting from hydrolyzable silanes which are initially charged in a solvent and hydrolyzed with water and a catalyst.
• the resulting silanol groups then condense with each other to form siloxane bonds, thereby disperse dissolved Form polysiloxane particles.
• the resulting polysiloxane particles can be practically functionalized as desired.
• Alkyl- and aryl-functionalized silanes are suitable for producing hydrophobic particles and thus hydrophobic layers, while reactive groups functionalized silanes on the one hand allow optimal adhesion of the layer on the substrate and on the other hand a Verneztung of the particles with each other by means of the reactive groups.
• condensable compounds of elements other than silicon which also form oxide networks (such as B, Al, Ti, Zr, P, Ge, Sn, etc.), allows further possibilities for modifying the sol particles and the resulting layers.
• oxide networks such as B, Al, Ti, Zr, P, Ge, Sn, etc.
• nanoscale oxide particles eg SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , etc.
• the layer system is formed from at least one crosslinkable fluorine-organically functionalized compound-containing sol.
• the at least one sol is crosslinked at temperatures between 50 and 250 ° C. and more preferably between 100 and 200 ° C.
• a component with a dirt and / or water-repellent sol-gel coating is provided on the metallic surface, which was prepared by the method according to claim 1.
• the coating has a cross-cut adhesion of Gt0 on the relevant surface.
• the coating of the component is transparent and free of cracks. Only by means of the pretreatment of the surface according to the invention is it possible that the adhesive strength of the coating can be secured.
• the surface of the component has a wetting edge angle of water of> 100 ° and particularly preferably> 105 °.
• the coating process is used mainly in the field of sanitary and kitchen fittings. Faucets in these areas usually have metal surfaces that are highly contaminated by difficult to remove media, such as e.g. Oil vapor, fat splash, salt water, egg yolk are exposed.
• the method is used for other household appliances with metallic surfaces.
• Here is especially to think of commercial areas, such as restaurants, hotels, clinics, public toilets. So far, it has been necessary to carry out daily or even more frequent cleaning of the fittings.
• the time required for cleaning can now be significantly reduced, resulting in a significant cost reduction over several years of use, which can not be compensated with the cost of the coating.
• Sol from example 1 is applied by flooding to a galvanically chrome-plated armature. After evaporation of the solvent, the layer system is thermally cured (150 ° C, 1 h). Even during the coating process wetting disorders occur, i. The initially closed film on the metal surface breaks at several points. After curing, one obtains a transparent coating with numerous defects, which, although pronounced anti-adhesive effect, can be completely demolished by a glued-on adhesive strip.
• Example 1 Sol from Example 1 is analogously to Example 2 on a galvanically chromed sample sheet (format 60 x 100 mm) coated. A cross-hatch cut is applied to the coating surface and the sheet is then exposed to a humid climate (100% humidity, DIN 50017) at 40 ° C. After four days, large scale flaking of the layer is observed.
• a humid climate 100% humidity, DIN 50017
• An electrolytically chromed sample plate is cleaned in a hydrogen-nitrogen-argon atmosphere by igniting a glow discharge between the plate and the reactor wall by applying a DC voltage.
• a determination of the wetting angle of water after treatment gives a value of 43 °.
• Example 8 treated sample sheet is coated analogously to Example 10 with adhesive layer and anti-adhesive topcoat.
• the wetting contact angles of water and hexadecane are 108 ° and 60 °, the two-layer system has the cross-cut adhesion GtO, after 28 days in a humid climate (40 ° C, 100% humidity) if no peeling of the layers is observed, the adhesion value is still GtO.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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