EP1641981B1 - Polyvalent module for building wire gabion walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a polyvalent module for building wire gabion walls, wherein said module is pyramidal and consists of four profiles (1) which are arranged in a cross-shaped manner forming the base of the pyramid and which are hingedly fixed to a connecting element (2) that is fixed to the end of a profile or tube (3) matching the height of the pyramid. The outer ends of said profiles (1) that are arranged in a cross-shaped manner are connected to the neighboring profiles by wire cables (6). These same ends are connected to the free ends of the tube or profile (3) or to a point on the tube or profile (3) located at a distance from the connecting element (2) by means of wire cables (5). One or more grids (11), which are placed in the pyramidal element with the purpose of building a gabion box, are disposed on the inside in relation to the profiles (1) that are arranged in a cross-shaped manner and that form the base of the pyramid and on the inside or outside relative to the lateral planes that are clamped by wire cables (5) defining the lateral edges of the pyramid.

Description

There are fortification and containment works known as "ballast gravel" which are carried along the banks of rivers or along coasts to prevent overflowing the rivers and erosion of the coasts. This wire ballast Verhaue have mostly prismatic shape, are made of grids made of galvanized steel wire and filled with stones or gravel. For the protection of the coasts and for the creation of parallel and transverse (groynes) coastal fortifications, more rarely banquets with limited depth, prismatic box-shaped baskets of galvanized steel wire are used, which are covered with a plastic sheath, with transverse stiffening Partitions are equipped and filled with large stones.

The creation of this wire ballast entails considerable problems, be it in the laying phase, in particular when laying the first layer of wire ballast boxes which are exposed to the action of the flowing water and often laid on irregular ground, which is constantly exposed to erosion, as well as during the following final stages, during the repair work and / or the subsequent enhancement work.

The known wire ballast boxes have in relation to the surface exposed to the flow of a modest weight and can not be installed in the flowing water in practice because they would be adjusted by the water flow, or from the swell. Because of the relatively modest dimensions of the known Drahtschotterkästen must be largely by hand or at least by means Workers exposed to hazards and forced to work equipped with boots in the water. Furthermore, the lattice structure of said wire ballast boxes is not very stable, so that even when laying this or at the beginning of the filling, easily excessive deformations occur which make the laying of the parent wire ballast boxes in question or difficult.

From the FR 2500864 are wire crates for the construction of ballast wire Verhaue known in which, inside the wire boxes, tie rods are provided which should prevent deformation of the lattice walls, in particular when filling the wire boxes. By this tie rods which consist of, hingedly connected, metal rods which are mounted in the central region of the grid surfaces, although a greater buckling of the lattice walls can be prevented to the outside while the overall geometric shape of the box and the shape of the lattice walls, especially when exposed from external stress, not stabilized.

From the EP 0816572 A2 are wire crates for the construction of Schotterdrahtverhaue known which allow a quick modular assembly. The individual modules of the wire boxes which are connected to each other to build a coherent, substantially rectilinear, Schotterdrahtverhau are provided with vertical rigid supports which are held on the bottom side of the ends of rigid horizontal struts and from the outside by an X-shaped mounted pair of struts in a vertical position be spread apart. The vertical supports and the X-shaped struts brace the two opposite outer grid surfaces of the individual contiguous wire crates, but without anchoring or bracing these grid surfaces towards the box interior and thus without the individual box elements sufficient dimensional stability during filling or acting from the outside To impose burdens.

The object of the invention is to provide a polyvalent module for the creation of wire ballast scrapers which is easy to assemble and transport, which is suitable for giving these structures a remarkable dimensional stability during installation, and subsequently for fracturing during filling or when loads occur prevent a limited adaptation of the structure is possible, which has such a relationship between weight and the surface exposed to the flow of water, which allows a safe and definitive installation even in moving waters and / or on precarious ground.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes the use of a polyvalent module with articulated pyramidal structure before which acts as a reinforcement for the lattice structure of the individual wire ballast boxes which in turn are variously assemble and can be used for Drahtschotterverhaue different form.

The invention proposes the use of a structure which is known per se as an avalanche barrier element or as a consolidation element and is always anchored to the apex by means of plates, tie rods or anchor piles on slopes and is equipped with a network exclusively in the pyramid base area and which as a barrier, for the purpose Retention of the snow masses flowing downwards is effective. The well-known pyramid structure consists essentially of a base which is formed by four cross-shaped profiles which are articulated at the end of a pipe or a profile and made of wire ropes which the outer Connect ends of the four cross-shaped profiles by defining a square or rectangular circumference; the same ends of the cross-shaped profiles are further connected by wire cables with the free end (apex of the pyramid) of the profile or tube which occupies the position of the pyramid height.

According to the invention, the articulated pyramid structure is used as the basic module for the creation of various reinforcing structures of wire ballast, wherein it assumes the holding and supporting function for a wire ballast box or a lattice structure consisting of several surfaces as a single module or in combination with a plurality of modules or module parts hinged way prevents excessive deformation of the individual surfaces and the overall shape of the wire ballast Verhaues and also acts as a ballast and as a considerable reinforcement of the mounting front or mounting fronts of Drahtschotterverhaues.

When laying several pyramidal structures with laterally adjacent bases and lying on the ground vertices which are either united at a single point or converge, the possibility is given to create polygonal or halbvieleckige Drahtschotterverhaue, or sections with polygonal arrangement to create and with the possibility of the vertices to arrange at equal intervals, corresponding to a side length of the base so as to obtain a rectilinear course of the structure or with the vertices at a greater distance than the said side length so as to obtain a concave polygonal course of the mounting structure. In these latter cases, the spaces between the vertices are advantageously occupied by further wire ballast boxes with or without oppositely oriented pyramidal structure. According to the invention, a grid may be attached to each of said pyramidal structures to hold the stones together, which is inside the cross-shaped profiles and inside or outside the wire ropes connecting the outer ends of said base profiles to the apex, the said Possibility, after completion of filling, a pyramidal wire ballast box or, in upwardly extending grids in the region of the vertex, a gore-shaped wire ballast box to form. In the case of such a series of wire ballast boxes with spaced vertexes, the free spaces in turn may be filled with stones, with or without the use of gratings. Of course, the attachment front of such created Drahtschotterverhaues, in the case of a shore or coastal fortification, formed by the structures of the bases of the pyramids while ground consolidations this front the terracing or barrier forms which anchored by the, possibly on a slope generated gradation, applied Drahtschotterverhau is.

The pyramid structures according to the invention are easy to manufacture and easy to install, they possibly allow pre-assembly and subsequent transport to the site, possibly by helicopter, this is also possible in the case of already equipped with grid pyramid structures. In the case of laying in water, the pyramid structure acts as ballast and prevents the wire ballast box from being driven off by the water flow.

According to the invention described module allows an extension by at the apex so at the end of the tube or the profile which extends corresponding to the pyramid height, a second cross-shaped structure is provided which corresponds to that on the pyramid base and the same of four articulated, at the second end of said tube or Profils, specified profiles exists. In this case, with respect to the longitudinal extent of the connection pipe or profile, between the two cross-shaped structures, the profile ends of each cross assembly can be connected by wire ropes to the opposite end of the connection pipe or profile creating a structure for a prismatic wire ballast box, wherein the connection pipe or Profile runs along the longitudinal axis of the prism. According to the invention, however, the attachment of the wire ropes which are attached to the outer ends of the cross-shaped profiles are also attached at a point in the central region or outside the center of the longitudinal extent of the tube or the profile or at two separate spaced points. The prismatic wire ballast box in this case is formed of grids which are mounted within the two cross arrangements and inside or outside the wire ropes, which are the respective outer ends of the cross-shaped profiles of the pyramid structures which are connected by a pipe or profile and define the longitudinal edges of the prism ,

The Drahtschotterverhau which is created according to the invention is offered by placing, extending vertically, tubes or profiles in the region of the cross arrangements of the composite pyramid structures to provide another wire ballast box which at the four vertical edges of said patch tubes or profiles together with any in between attached connecting and / or twisting wire ropes, is supported.

According to the invention, in order to reinforce the wire ballast boxes in corner or end areas, e.g. At the end of groynes, also the grid which forms the outer surface at the end of the Verhaues be equipped with a pyramidal structure, wherein the connecting pipe or profile which extends according to the pyramid height, with the Verbindungsrohr- or profile which connects the two cross-arrangements or with a other structural element, can be connected.

Because of the internal pyramid structure which is suitable for supporting the shape of the wire ballast box in an articulated manner, the wire ballast structures thus created can be completely filled with mechanical means.

The invention does not exclude that in the case of prismatic structures, the connecting wire ropes, between the outer ends of the cross-shaped arranged profiles and the connecting tube or profile between the two cross assemblies, can be replaced by wire cables which connect said ends of the profiles of a cross assembly with those of the opposite cross arrangement, wherein they are parallel to each other and the longitudinal edges of the prism corresponding, or the diagonal of the outer surfaces Corresponding to the prism, or the space diagonals accordingly and overlap.

According to a further development of the inventive concept, in particular a cube-shaped but also a prismatic wire ballast box can be equipped with an articulated cross arrangement on all outer surfaces, the tubes or profiles which are equipped with the articulated connection part being connected in the central region of the geometric body. This solution makes it possible to create a support structure in which only the outer ends of the cross-shaped profiles, which correspond to the corners of the geometric body, are connected to each other. Furthermore, this structure allows the complete or partial recovery of the structural elements, without emptying the thus created wire ballast cage, by loosening the fasteners at the outer ends of the cross-shaped profiles, by turning the profiles outward in the manner of a reverse umbrella and possibly loosening the grid and Extracting the connecting pipes or connecting profiles if they are arranged like a cross without being connected to each other.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to some, in the attached drawings schematically illustrated, preferred embodiments of polyvalent inventive modules for the creation of Drahtschotterverhauen closer, further different combinations of the modules are shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a known pyramid structure which is installed as an avalanche barrier element with vertex anchored to the ground.

Fig. 1a shows a side view of the detail of the articulation between the cross-shaped profiles which form the base of the pyramidal structure shown in Fig. 1 and the pipe or profile end which forms the apex of the pyramid with the opposite end.

Fig. 2 shows schematically a support structure according to the invention for a prismatic wire ballast box which is formed from the assembly of two pyramidal modules, wherein the apex of each of the pyramids corresponds to the joint at the base of the corresponding assembled pyramid.

Fig. 2a shows schematically in plan view the construction of a Drahtschotterverhaues means of several shown in Fig. 2 modules which are aligned among themselves.

Fig. 3 shows schematically a support structure according to the invention for a prismatic wire ballast box which is formed by the assembly of two pyramid modules, the apex of the pyramids are located at the midpoint on the connecting pipe or profile of the two bases of the assembled pyramids.

Fig. 4 shows schematically in plan view a polygonal Drahtschotterverhau in plan view which is composed of modules according to the invention.

Fig. 5 shows schematically in perspective the creation of a cube-shaped wire ballast box whose shell is reinforced by four pyramidal elements, wherein the cross-arrangements of the four lateral faces of the cube Cover and the connecting tubes or profiles are interconnected inside in the center of the cube.

5a shows schematically in plan view the creation of a Drahtschotterverhaues means of several shown in Fig. 2 modules wherein the end face of the wire ballast box is reinforced at the end of the structure by a third pyramid element.

6 shows a front view of a filled according to the invention reinforced, prismatic wire ballast box which is provided above with a body structure with encircling grid to be filled from above with stones.

The pyramidal structure which forms the basic module (FIG. 1, 1a) for the reinforcement and support of a wire ballast box essentially consists of a tube or profile 3 which at one of the ends has a connecting part 2 on which the ends of the crosswise arranged profiles 1 are articulated , For this purpose, e.g. the flanges 1a which project at one of the ends of the profile 1 are provided with a through bore 1b in order to be fixed by means of pins or bolts 4 on a connecting element 2 which has corresponding bores. The outer ends of the profiles 1 are connected by a wire 6 to form the base of the pyramid, these outer ends are further connected by wire ropes 5 with the apex of the pyramidal structure which is formed by the free end of the tube or profile 3 while at the other end the connecting element 2 is provided.

According to the invention, however, the free end of this tube or profile 3 may be provided with a connecting element 2 to which further cross-shaped and articulated fixed profiles 1, mirror images of those at the opposite end, are provided. In this case, one obtains a structure of a double pyramid wherein the wire ropes 5 which at the outer Ends of the cross-shaped profiles 1 are attached, are attached to the second end of the connecting element 2 of the opposite cross assembly (Fig. 2). The outer ends of the profiles 1 of the two cross assemblies can further be connected to each other via wire ropes 7 without precluding that these wires cross each other. The grids constituting the wire ballast box are arranged inboard at the cross arrangements of the profiles 1, while the grids constituting the rest of the unwinding of the wire ballast box are fixed inside or outside the wire cables 7 which define the longitudinal edges of the box.

According to a further development of the inventive idea, the wire ropes 5 which connect the outer ends of the profiles 1 to the tube or profile 3, or to the connecting elements 2 in the middle region of the longitudinal extent of the tube or profile 3, or at two spaced points; the anchoring of the wire ropes 5 a cross arrangement can be carried out at the closer or at the farther point, wherein in this latter case, an overlap between the wire ropes 5 takes place.

The prismatic structure of a wire ballast basket reinforced by the pyramidal module according to the invention can also be reinforced on one (Fig. 5a) or on several (Fig. 5) further surfaces by providing another pyramidal element whose tube or profile 3, forming an angle of 90 °, on the connecting tube or profile 3 which connects the two cross-arrangements of the support structure or is fixed to another element of the pyramidal structure.

A particular embodiment of the support structure for a wire ballast box, which preferably has the shape of a cube (FIG. 5), but without precluding a prismatic shape, arises from the fact that on each of the four side surfaces of the cube and possibly also on the base surface and the upper surface Profiles 1 formed cross assembly together with the corresponding connecting elements 2 and the connecting pipe 3, which possibly with is associated with that of the second or third pair of cross arrangements is provided. This structure also offers the advantage that by mutual fixing of the corresponding outer ends of the cross-shaped profiles 1, the entire structure is stable, wherein the cross-assemblies are provided with circumferential wire ropes 6. Such a structure makes possible the complete or partial recovery of the elements by releasing the fixings at the outer ends of the cross-shaped profiles 1 by folding them over the lattices 11 as a reverse screen and releasing the connecting tubes or connecting profiles 3 preferably upwards, are pulled through the loose superimposed material.

However, the invention does not exclude simple pyramidal elements for the creation of e.g. In this case, each individual pyramidal element may be provided with a metal grid, or several pyramidal elements may be connected such that a composite, e.g. polygonal structure is created, which is equipped with a metal grid.

The pyramidal element and the structures composed of two or more pyramidal elements may be provided with vertical structural elements 9 (Figure 6) which protrude above the top surface of the wire ballast box at the top corner regions of the structure around the top ends 9a with wire ropes 9b and any diagonal wire cables 9c to be connected and equipped with a grid 10 for the purpose of forming another wire ballast cell for increasing the Verhaues.

Of course, the grids 10, 11 which form the wire ballast box may be of different types and possibly superimposed in more layers, furthermore, separate grids may be used for the individual surfaces of a wire ballast box, which at the edges below and / or on wire cables or other structural elements of the Support modules are attached.

Claims (4)

1. A polyvalent module for building gabion walls, wherein the module is pyramid-shaped, comprises four first section bars (1) arranged in a cross shape which form the base of the pyramid and are applied in a jointed fashion to a connecting element (2) which is fixed to the end of a second section bar or tube (3) extending in conformity with the height of the pyramid, wherein the outer ends of these first section bars (1) arranged in a cross shape are joined to each other by first wire ropes (6), wherein these same ends are joined by second wire ropes (5) to the free end of the tube or second section bar (3) or to a point distant from the connecting element (2) on the tube or second section bar (3), wherein the module also comprises at least one grille-style element (11), wherein the grille-style element or grille-style elements (11) are applied to the pyramid to create a wire net container, and wherein the grille-style elements (11) are applied internally relative to the first section bars (1) arranged in a cross shape and forming the base of the pyramid and internally or externally relative to two adjacent second wire ropes (5) which form the lateral edges of the pyramid.
2. The module according to claim 1, wherein, in order to form a second cross-shaped arrangement of the first section bars (1), the tube or second section bar (3) also has a connecting element (2) at the other end, for the jointed fixing of other first section bars (1) arranged in a cross shape, wherein other second wire ropes (5) join the outer ends of these first section bars (1) of the second cross-shaped arrangement fixed at both ends of the tube or second section bar (3) to the opposite end of the tube or second section bar (3) or to the connecting element (2) on this end, wherein the outer ends of the first section bars (1) of both cross-shaped arrangements distanced from one another are joined by third wire ropes (7) parallel and/or if necessary intersecting and wherein additional grille-style elements (10, 11) forming the wire net container are fixed inside the two cross-shaped arrangements and outside or inside the wire ropes (7) which form the longitudinal edges and the diagonals of the lateral surfaces of the prismatic structure.
3. The module according to claim 2, wherein the third wire ropes (7) which join the outer ends of the first section bars (1) of one cross-shaped arrangement to those of the opposite cross-shaped arrangement are positioned according to the diagonals of the prismatic structure.
4. The module according to claim 2, wherein the wire ropes (5) which join the outer ends of the first section bars (1) of the two cross-shaped arrangements to the tube or second section bar (3), relatively to their longitudinal extension, are fixed centrally at a single point or away from the centre or at two points which are distant from each other and more precisely with the possibility of fixing to the point closest to the cross-shaped arrangement or furthest from it where the second wire ropes (5) intersect.

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