EP0828897B1 - Avalanche breaking-up element with an umbrella-shaped structure and net - Google Patents
Avalanche breaking-up element with an umbrella-shaped structure and net Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0828897B1 EP0828897B1 EP97908282A EP97908282A EP0828897B1 EP 0828897 B1 EP0828897 B1 EP 0828897B1 EP 97908282 A EP97908282 A EP 97908282A EP 97908282 A EP97908282 A EP 97908282A EP 0828897 B1 EP0828897 B1 EP 0828897B1
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- Prior art keywords
- load
- strut
- avalanche
- bearing members
- netting
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
Definitions
- An avalanche barrier is known from CH-674.998 (M. Streiff) from a pyramid-shaped reinforcement body to absorb the snow load consists.
- This reinforcement body is attached to a cable plant at a distance from the reinforcement body at least one anchor device has which can be anchored on the mountain, the reinforcing body on the The floor rests freely.
- the reinforcement body has a square frame on which is covered with steel profiles so that a rust-like structure arises.
- the "snow platform" constructed in this way, but also part of the other structures can be covered with a latticework. At the snow platform a sagging network can also be attached.
- This construction is characterized by the large number of rigid components are firmly connected among themselves, material-intensive, heavy, labor-intensive in assembly and, in relation to the cost of materials and thus to Dead weight, because of the rigid components and the rigid connection, little resistant to the loads that occur. Furthermore, it is se known solution, because of the plurality of different components, expensive in the manufacture of the individual parts, in their storage and in the Assembly. Because of its rigid construction, this well-known avalanche barrier element bulky and therefore difficult to transport, installation on Mountain and maintenance.
- the object of the invention is an avalanche barrier element create one via a pyramid-shaped support structure resting on the floor for the network which has the assembly and preparatory work for the Installation in the workshop enables the remaining Reduce manpower in the field to a minimum and at the same time the times for preparations to anchor in the field too to reduce.
- an umbrella-like element which normally requires a single anchor point.
- Said umbrella-like element consists of a strut which is anchored directly or indirectly to the ground with the mountain-side end while the valley-side end carries a holder to which, in a common plane perpendicular to the strut, at least three beams which converge to the holder are fastened; practice has shown that an X-shaped arrangement of four carriers is particularly advantageous.
- the girders are articulated to the valley-side end of the strut, while the opposite ends are connected to the mountain-side end of the same strut and also to one another by means of wire cables in such a way that in the case of four girders a square (square, Rectangle, trapezoid) is formed by forming the diagonals; with a different number of carriers, the rope forms the corresponding circumference.
- This entire structure rests on the ground with three supports, namely with the mountain-side end of the strut which is also fastened to the ground by means of anchoring and with the ends of two of the beams arranged in a radial manner which rest directly or by means of suitably dimensioned and possibly with a joint and / or support provided with a leveling element for irregularity in the floor.
- the umbrella-like elements according to the invention can be assembled among themselves according to different geometric principles in order to form coherent barriers which run in different ways; to form dissolved barriers that are permeable to game, for example, without affecting the effect of avalanche barriers or to stop the snow by arranging individual elements in density according to calculations, without alignment in rows and without chaining.
- the number of anchorages required to create an avalanche barrier corresponds to the number of structural units which form and are the avalanche barrier when using several umbrella-like elements according to the invention
- the umbrella-like elements according to the invention are composed of profiles, pipes, ropes and known fastening elements and connecting elements, whereby simple cutting, drilling and welding work is required, which is why the manufacture and assembly does not require specialized specialists and does not take long, it can be metallic and non-metallic material are used.
- the technical features of the umbrella-like elements according to the invention enable the pre-assembly in the valley and the helicopter transport to the high ground where, apart from the preparation of the anchorages, only the coupling of the elements themselves takes place.
- the outer ends of the radiating Beams are connected to each other with a wire rope in such a way that this also prevents spreading.
- the net can be attached to this circulating wire rope attached and assembled at the same time.
- the invention does not exclude that the wire rope which from the outer ends of the beams to Anchor point of the strut converge all or partly in another place, between the two Ends of the strut.
- the invention does not rule out that the plane in which the beams lie with the horizontal plane and / or with the vertical plane in which the strut lies forms an angle other than the right one in order to obtain force components which result from the load on the result in moving snow mass and act on the structure in such a way that it is prevented from being lifted and / or a lateral discharge or partial overflow of the snow mass is achieved, and an excessive load on the structure is thereby prevented.
- the anchoring of all or part of the wire cables converging from the outer support ends to the mountain-side strut end can be of an unyielding type or by the use of known elements such as springs, slide clamps, etc., so that a gradual yielding is exceeded when a certain load is exceeded takes place and so the cross section which is exposed to the effect of the snow masses is reduced.
- known elements such as springs, slide clamps, etc.
- the same elements can also be used if the same wire ropes are attached or retained at any point on the longitudinal extension of the strut.
- the strut does not have a rectilinear shape but is angled and with a certain unchangeable angle or with an adjustable angle; in this last case the two strut parts will be connected by a joint which can be locked in different angular positions.
- the angled or curved strut which is contained in a vertical and vertical plane to the slope, with the knee or arch pointing up or down, offers the possibility of changing the angle between the inclination of the floor and the plane in which the beams lie. This change can also be achieved by changing the connecting element between the strut and the beams.
- the plane in which the angled or curved strut lies is not oriented according to the vertical course of the slope, but is angled laterally, the plane in which the beams lie with the line which runs through the support points of the beams is not horizontal but laterally run at an angle.
- the possibility is provided according to the invention to secure the valley-side part of the structure by means of anchors which act on the support ends of the supports, on support elements attached to these ends or on the wire rope which connects these ends ,
- a downward bracing of individual avalanche barriers or, preferably, several avalanche barriers (eg three elements) to a common anchor point is not excluded. In this latter case, it is also possible to use part of the anchorages of the next barrier on the valley side for the bracing.
- FIG. 1 shows some in perspective umbrella-like avalanche barriers with straight Strive which are without alignment and mutual Chaining are anchored.
- FIG. 2 shows this in a perspective view Detail of anchoring an inventive umbrella-like avalanche barriers with those of the outer beam ends to the anchoring end of the strut converging wire ropes.
- FIG. 3 shows this in a perspective view valley end of the strut of the umbrella-like Avalanche barriers with the fastener for the X-shaped supports.
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view umbrella-like according to the invention Avalanche barriers with the two from the top Ends the straps to a point on the longitudinal extension the strut converging wire ropes and with the Representation of various, valley-side, additional Tension options, or Anchoring options.
- FIG. 5 shows a perspective view umbrella-like according to the invention Avalanche barriers with angled and in the knee reinforced strut.
- a connecting element 1b is fastened to the thimble 1a by means of a pin 1c which receives the fastening end 3a of the strut 3 and the connecting wire cables 7 on a second pin 1d, the outer ends 6, 6a of which are attached to the outer ends of the X-shaped means Bracket 5a attached to the strut end 3b, 4 connected.
- the four supports 4 are provided at the end which faces the holding part 5a with plates 4b which have bores 4a; a pin 5c inserted through the bores of these plates and through the bore 5d on each of the flanges of the holding part 5a with a cruciform cross section, welded onto the end 3b of the strut 3, connects the carrier to the end of the strut.
- the mechanical connection between the X-shaped supports 4 and the connecting part 5a is articulated and ensures, due to the play between the assembled elements and between the pin 5c and the corresponding seats, easy play in several directions.
- the ends 6a of the supports 4 directed towards the floor and the upward ends 6 of the supports 4 are connected by means of a single wire rope 8 which is circumferentially connected and at each of the outer ends 6, 6a of the supports 4 by means of a clamp against spreading of the supports is secured.
- the ends 6a of the supports 4 directed towards the floor can rest directly on the floor or rest on prepared supports or can be equipped with support elements, with or without a joint and / or elements which enable the compensation of unevenness in the floor.
- the dimensions of these support elements 2 depend on the permissible load on the floor.
- the anchor point 12a can for several avalanche barriers which are the same Barrier can be used and it is also the Use of anchorages 1 of the Avalanche barriers next to the valley Barrier possible.
- the wire cables 7 which run from the outer ends 6, 6a of the carrier 4 to the anchoring end of the strut 3 can run all or in part through a binding 3c, which is provided on the longitudinal extension of the strut 3, and then fastened to the anchoring end 3a of the strut to become; alternatively, all or part of these wire ropes can be attached to the binding 3c, which allows the wire ropes 7 to slide or give way in the event of maximum stress.
- Said solution is of course also applicable to angled 3d or curved struts 3, which allow a change in the angle of the plane in which the supports 4 lie with respect to the slope, so as to influence the direction of action of the loads caused by the movement of the snow masses can.
- the bends 3d can be reinforced 3e and can optionally be provided with fastening elements or bindings for the wire cables 7.
- the angling can also consist of a joint, for example a hinge joint, which can be locked in different angular positions.
- the umbrella-like elements according to the invention can be distributed and anchored in such a way that coherent barriers, possibly of mutually aligned and / or interlinked elements, are created, that interrupted barriers are formed with different courses or by assembling individual and independent elements according to different geometrical arrangements around a structure to build.
- the brackets 11 held by the X-shaped arrangement 4 and by the connecting elements 8 can, together with all other parts of the sheeting element, already be mounted and connected in the valley to the wire cables 7, which converge towards the mountain-side end 3a of the strut 3 limit the work in the field to anchoring by inserting the pin 1c through the thimble 1a.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Walking Sticks, Umbrellas, And Fans (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es sind verschiedene Strukturen zwecks Verhinderung von Lawinen-abgang unter den Bezeichnungen "Schneebrücke", "Schneezaun", "Schneenetz" bekannt; unter den letztgenannten ist eine Verbauung bekannt welche Gegenstand der Patentanmeldung Nr. BZ95A000052 der selben Antragsteller ist; diese besteht aus einer tragenden, aus gleichen tetraedrischen Elementen zusammengesetzten, Struktur welche die Verminderung der Anzahl der Bodenverankerungen, eine Vereinfachung der zeitsparenden Montage und eine leichte Anpassung an die Morphologie des Bodens ermöglicht.There are different structures to prevent avalanches known under the names "snow bridge", "snow fence", "snow net"; among the latter, a structure is known which object Patent Application No. BZ95A000052 is the same applicant; this consists of a load-bearing, the same tetrahedral elements composite structure which reduces the number of ground anchors, a simplification of the time-saving assembly and a allows easy adaptation to the morphology of the soil.
Aus der CH-674.998 (M.Streiff) ist eine Lawinenverbauung bekannt welche aus einem pyramidenförmigen Armierungskörper zur Aufnahme der Schneelast besteht. Dieser Armierungskörper ist an einem Seilwerk befestigt welches im Abstand zum Armierungskörper wenigstens eine Ankervorrichtung aufweist die am Berg verankerbar ist, wobei der Armierungskörper auf dem Boden frei aufliegt. Der Armierungskörper weist dabei einen viereckigen Rahmen auf welcher mit Stahlprofilen so belegt ist, daß ein rostartiges Gebilde entsteht. Die derart aufgebaute "Schneeplattform", aber auch ein Teil des übrigen Aufbaues können mit einem Gitterwerk belegt sein. An der Schneeplattform kann auch ein talwärts durchhängendes Netzwerk befestigt sein. Diese Konstruktion ist durch die Vielzahl von starren Bauelementen, welche unter sich fest verbunden sind, materialaufwendig, schwer, arbeitsaufwendig im Zusammenbau und, im Verhältnis zum Materialaufwand und somit zum Eigengewicht, wegen der starren Bauteile und der starren Verbindung, wenig widerstandsfähig in Bezug auf die auftretenden Belastungen. Weiters ist die se bekannte Lösung, wegen der Mehrzahl unterschiedlicher Bauteile, aufwendig in der Anfertigung der Einzelteile, in deren Lagerhaltung und in der Montage. Wegen seiner starren Bauart ist dieses bekannte Lawinenverbauungselement sperrig und erschwert somit den Transport, die Installation am Berg und die Wartung.An avalanche barrier is known from CH-674.998 (M. Streiff) from a pyramid-shaped reinforcement body to absorb the snow load consists. This reinforcement body is attached to a cable plant at a distance from the reinforcement body at least one anchor device has which can be anchored on the mountain, the reinforcing body on the The floor rests freely. The reinforcement body has a square frame on which is covered with steel profiles so that a rust-like structure arises. The "snow platform" constructed in this way, but also part of the other structures can be covered with a latticework. At the snow platform a sagging network can also be attached. This construction is characterized by the large number of rigid components are firmly connected among themselves, material-intensive, heavy, labor-intensive in assembly and, in relation to the cost of materials and thus to Dead weight, because of the rigid components and the rigid connection, little resistant to the loads that occur. Furthermore, it is se known solution, because of the plurality of different components, expensive in the manufacture of the individual parts, in their storage and in the Assembly. Because of its rigid construction, this well-known avalanche barrier element bulky and therefore difficult to transport, installation on Mountain and maintenance.
Die Kostenanalyse betreffend die Herstellung und Installation der Lawinenverbauung allgemein ergeben, daß ein wesentlicher Anteil der Spesen den Arbeitsaufwand betrifft, welcher vielfach in großer Höhe und meistens unter ungünstigen Bedingungen, was das Klima und die Umwelt betrifft, zu leisten ist. Weiters wird versucht die Installationsarbeiten auf ein Maximum zu beschleunigen nachdem die in großen Höhen zur Verfügung stehenden Arbeitstage sich auf wenige Duzende beschränken und zudem auf die Sommermonate begrenzt sind. The cost analysis regarding the manufacture and installation of the avalanche barrier generally show that a substantial proportion of the expenses Workload concerns, which often in large amounts and mostly below unfavorable conditions in terms of climate and the environment is. Furthermore, an attempt is made to accelerate the installation work to a maximum after the working days available at great heights are limited to a few dozen and also to the summer months are limited.
Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe ein Lawinenverbauungselement zu schaffen welches über eine pyramidenförmige am Boden aufliegende Stützstruktur für das Netz verfügt welche die Montage und die Vorarbeiten für die Installation in der Werkstatt ermöglicht um dadurch das Verbleiben der Arbeitskräfte im Gelände auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren und um gleichzeitig die Zeiten für die Vorbereitungen der Verankerung im Gelände zu reduzieren.The object of the invention is an avalanche barrier element create one via a pyramid-shaped support structure resting on the floor for the network which has the assembly and preparatory work for the Installation in the workshop enables the remaining Reduce manpower in the field to a minimum and at the same time the times for preparations to anchor in the field too to reduce.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß ein schirmartiges
Element vorgeschlagen wird, welches normalerweise einen einzigen
Verankerungspunkt benötigt. Besagtes schirmartiges Element besteht aus
einer Strebe welche mit dem bergseitigen Ende direkt oder indirekt am
Boden verankert ist während das talseitige Ende eine Halterung trägt an
welcher, in einer gemeinsamen zur Strebe rechtwinklig verlaufenden Ebene,
mindestens drei, zur Halterung strahlenförmig zusammenlaufende, Träger
befestigt sind; die Praxis hat gezeigt, daß eine X-förmige Anordnung von vier
Trägern besonders vorteilhaft ist. Am Zentrum der X-förmigen Anordnung
sind die Träger am talseitigen Ende der Strebe angelenkt, während die
gegenüberliegenden Enden mittels Drahtseile mit dem bergseitigen Ende der
selben Strebe und auch unter sich verbunden sind zwar so, daß im Falle von
vier Trägern ein Viereck (Quadrat, Rechteck, Trapez) gebildet wird in dem
diese die Diagonalen bilden; bei anderer Anzahl der Träger bildet das Seil
den entsprechenden Umfang. Diese gesamte Struktur liegt mit drei Auflagen
auf dem Boden auf und zwar mit dem bergseitigen Ende der Strebe welches
mittels Verankerung auch am Boden befestigt ist und mit den Enden von
zwei der strahlenförmig angeordneten Trägern welche direkt aufliegen oder
mittels geeignet bemaßter und eventuell mit Gelenk und/oder mit einem
Ausgleichelement für die Bodenunregelmäßigkeit versehener Stütze,
aufliegen.
Die erfindungsgemäßen schirmartigen Elemente können unter sich nach
verschiedenen geometrischen Grundsätzen zusammengesetzt werden um
zusammenhängende Barrieren zu bilden welche verschiedenartig verlaufen;
um aufgelöste Barrieren zu bilden welche zum Beispiel für das Wild
durchlässig sind ohne die Wirkung als Lawinenverbauung zu
beeinträchtigen oder um den Schnee durch die Anordnung einzelner
Elemente in der Dichte gemäß Berechnungen, ohne Ausrichtung in Reihen
und ohne Verkettung, aufzuhalten.
Die Anzahl der erforderlichen Verankerungen zur Erstellung einer
Lawinenverbauung, sei es von der
zusammenhängenden Art als auch von unterschiedlich,
gemäß der Erfindung verteilter Art, entspricht beim
Einsatz von mehreren schirmartigen erfindungsgemäßen
Elementen der Anzahl der Struktureinheiten welche die
Lawinenverbauung bilden und ist, in Bezug auf die
Anzahl der Verankerungen für herkömmliche
Lawinenverbauungen mit Netzen, um ein Drittel
reduziert.
Dies bedeutet, daß die Verbleibzeiten im Gelände und
der Arbeitsaufwand für die Realisierung und die
Vorbereitung der Verankerungen auf ein Minimum
beschränkt sind.
Die erfindungsgemäßen schirmartigen Elemente sind aus
Profilen, Rohren, Seilen und aus bekannten
Befestigungselementen und Verbindungselementen
zusammengesetzt, wobei es einfacher Zuschneide-, Bohrund
Schweißarbeiten bedarf, weshalb die Herstellung und
die Montage keine spezialisierte Fachkräfte und nicht
lange Zeiten erfordert, es kann metallischer und
nichtmetallischer Werkstoff zum Einsatz kommen. Die
technischen Merkmale der schirmartigen
erfindungsgemäßen Elemente ermöglichen die Vormontage
im Tal und den Helikoptertransport ins hochgelegene
Gelände wo, außer der Vorbereitung der Verankerungen,
ausschließlich das Ankuppeln der Elemente selbst
erfolgt.This object is achieved in that an umbrella-like element is proposed which normally requires a single anchor point. Said umbrella-like element consists of a strut which is anchored directly or indirectly to the ground with the mountain-side end while the valley-side end carries a holder to which, in a common plane perpendicular to the strut, at least three beams which converge to the holder are fastened; practice has shown that an X-shaped arrangement of four carriers is particularly advantageous. At the center of the X-shaped arrangement, the girders are articulated to the valley-side end of the strut, while the opposite ends are connected to the mountain-side end of the same strut and also to one another by means of wire cables in such a way that in the case of four girders a square (square, Rectangle, trapezoid) is formed by forming the diagonals; with a different number of carriers, the rope forms the corresponding circumference. This entire structure rests on the ground with three supports, namely with the mountain-side end of the strut which is also fastened to the ground by means of anchoring and with the ends of two of the beams arranged in a radial manner which rest directly or by means of suitably dimensioned and possibly with a joint and / or support provided with a leveling element for irregularity in the floor.
The umbrella-like elements according to the invention can be assembled among themselves according to different geometric principles in order to form coherent barriers which run in different ways; to form dissolved barriers that are permeable to game, for example, without affecting the effect of avalanche barriers or to stop the snow by arranging individual elements in density according to calculations, without alignment in rows and without chaining.
The number of anchorages required to create an avalanche barrier, be it of the coherent type or of a different type distributed according to the invention, corresponds to the number of structural units which form and are the avalanche barrier when using several umbrella-like elements according to the invention Number of anchorages for conventional avalanche barriers with nets reduced by a third.
This means that the time spent on the site and the work involved in realizing and preparing the anchorages are kept to a minimum.
The umbrella-like elements according to the invention are composed of profiles, pipes, ropes and known fastening elements and connecting elements, whereby simple cutting, drilling and welding work is required, which is why the manufacture and assembly does not require specialized specialists and does not take long, it can be metallic and non-metallic material are used. The technical features of the umbrella-like elements according to the invention enable the pre-assembly in the valley and the helicopter transport to the high ground where, apart from the preparation of the anchorages, only the coupling of the elements themselves takes place.
Die äußeren Enden der strahlenförmig angeordneten Träger werden unter sich mittels Drahtseil verbunden und zwar so, daß dieses auch eine Spreizung verhindern. Das Netz kann direkt an diesem umlaufenden Drahtseil befestigt und gleichzeitig mit diesem montiert werden.The outer ends of the radiating Beams are connected to each other with a wire rope in such a way that this also prevents spreading. The net can be attached to this circulating wire rope attached and assembled at the same time.
Die Erfindung schließt nicht aus, daß die Drahtseile welche von den äußeren Enden der Träger zum Verankerungspunkt der Strebe zusammenlaufen alle oder teilweise an einer anderen Stelle, zwischen den beiden Enden der Strebe, befestigt werden. The invention does not exclude that the wire rope which from the outer ends of the beams to Anchor point of the strut converge all or partly in another place, between the two Ends of the strut.
Die Erfindung schließt weiters nicht aus, daß die Ebene
in welcher die Träger liegen mit der horizontalen Ebene
und/oder mit der vertikalen Ebene in welcher die Strebe
liegt, einen anderen Winkel als den rechten bildet um
so Kraftkomponenten zu erhalten welche sich aus der
Belastung der sich bewegenden Schneemasse ergeben und
auf die Struktur derart wirken daß ein Anheben dieser
verhindert und/oder ein seitliches Ableiten oder ein
teilweises Überlaufen der Schneemassen erreicht und
dabei auch eine zu starke Belastung der Struktur
verhindert wird.
Gemäß einer Weiterentwicklung des Erfindungsgedankens
kann die Verankerung aller oder eines Teiles der von
den äußeren Trägerenden zum bergseitigen Strebenende
zusammenlaufenden Drahtseile von unnachgiebiger Art
sein oder durch den Einsatz bekannter Elemente wie
Federn, Gleitklemmen, usw. erfolgen, damit bei
Überschreiten einer gewissen Belastung ein
schrittweises Nachgeben erfolgt und so der Querschnitt
welcher der Wirkung der Schneemassen ausgesetzt ist
verkleinert wird. Natürlich können die selben Elemente
auch eingesetzt werden wenn die selben Drahtseile an
irgend einem Punkt auf der Längserstreckung der Strebe
befestigt oder zurückgehalten werden.
Gemäß einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Variante hat die
Strebe nicht geradlinige Form sondern ist diese
angewinkelt und zwar mit einem bestimmten
unveränderbaren Winkel oder mit einem einstellbaren
Winkel; in diesem letzten Fall werden die zwei
Strebenteile durch ein Gelenk verbunden sein'welches in
verschiedenen Winkelstellungen arretiert werden kann.
Die angewinkelte oder gebogene Strebe welche in einer
zum Hang senkrechten und vertikalen Ebene enthalten ist
und zwar mit zum Hang oder nach oben gerichtetem Knie
oder Bogen bietet die Möglichkeit den Winkel zwischen
der Neigung des Bodens und der Ebene in welcher die
Träger liegen zu verändern. Diese Veränderung kann
auch/oder durch Änderungen am Verbindungselement
zwischen der Strebe und den Trägern erreicht werden.
Wenn hingegen die Ebene in welcher die angewinkelte
oder gebogene Strebe liegt nicht gemäß dem vertikalen
Verlauf des Hanges ausgerichtet ist, sondern seitlich
angewinkelt ist, so wird die Ebene in welcher die
Träger liegen mit der Linie welche durch die
Auflagepunkte der Träger verläuft nicht horizontal
sondern seitlich angewinkelt verlaufen.
Bei entsprechenden Montagebedingungen, bei besonderen
Anforderungen seitens der Bodengestaltung und der
Verschneiung wird erfindungsgemäß die Möglichkeit
geboten den talseitigen Teil der Struktur mittels
Verankerungen welche auf die Auflageenden der Träger,
auf an diese Enden angebrachten Auflageelemente oder
auf das Drahtseil welches diese Enden verbindet wirken,
zu sichern. Es wird weiters eine talseitige Verspannung
einzelner Lawinenverbauungselemente oder vorzugsweise
mehrerer Lawinenverbauungselemente (z.B. drei Elemente)
zu einem gemeinsamen Verankerungspunkt nicht
ausgeschlossen. In diesem letzten Fall wird auch die
Möglichkeit geboten gegebenenfalls einen Teil der
Verankerungen der talseitig nächsten Barriere für die
Verspannung zu nutzen.Furthermore, the invention does not rule out that the plane in which the beams lie with the horizontal plane and / or with the vertical plane in which the strut lies forms an angle other than the right one in order to obtain force components which result from the load on the result in moving snow mass and act on the structure in such a way that it is prevented from being lifted and / or a lateral discharge or partial overflow of the snow mass is achieved, and an excessive load on the structure is thereby prevented.
According to a further development of the concept of the invention, the anchoring of all or part of the wire cables converging from the outer support ends to the mountain-side strut end can be of an unyielding type or by the use of known elements such as springs, slide clamps, etc., so that a gradual yielding is exceeded when a certain load is exceeded takes place and so the cross section which is exposed to the effect of the snow masses is reduced. Of course, the same elements can also be used if the same wire ropes are attached or retained at any point on the longitudinal extension of the strut.
According to a further variant according to the invention, the strut does not have a rectilinear shape but is angled and with a certain unchangeable angle or with an adjustable angle; in this last case the two strut parts will be connected by a joint which can be locked in different angular positions. The angled or curved strut, which is contained in a vertical and vertical plane to the slope, with the knee or arch pointing up or down, offers the possibility of changing the angle between the inclination of the floor and the plane in which the beams lie. This change can also be achieved by changing the connecting element between the strut and the beams. If, on the other hand, the plane in which the angled or curved strut lies is not oriented according to the vertical course of the slope, but is angled laterally, the plane in which the beams lie with the line which runs through the support points of the beams is not horizontal but laterally run at an angle.
With appropriate installation conditions, with special requirements on the part of the floor design and snow-making, the possibility is provided according to the invention to secure the valley-side part of the structure by means of anchors which act on the support ends of the supports, on support elements attached to these ends or on the wire rope which connects these ends , Furthermore, a downward bracing of individual avalanche barriers or, preferably, several avalanche barriers (eg three elements) to a common anchor point is not excluded. In this latter case, it is also possible to use part of the anchorages of the next barrier on the valley side for the bracing.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einiger in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellter, vorzuziehender Ausführungsbeispiele von Elementen mit schirmartiger Struktur für Lawinenverbauung mit Netz, näher erklärt; dabei erfüllen die Zeichnungen rein erklärenden, nicht begrenzenden Zweck.The invention is described below with reference to some of the Drawings shown schematically, preferable Embodiments of elements with umbrella-like Structure for avalanche control with network, explained in more detail; the drawings are purely explanatory, not limiting purpose.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung einige schirmartige Lawinenverbauungselemente mit gerader Strebe, welche ohne Ausrichtung und gegenseitige Verkettung verankert sind.1 shows some in perspective umbrella-like avalanche barriers with straight Strive which are without alignment and mutual Chaining are anchored.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung das Detail der Verankerung eines erfindungsgemäßen schirmartigen Lawinenverbauungselementes mit den von den äußeren Trägerenden zum Verankerungsende der Strebe zusammenlaufenden Drahtseilen. 2 shows this in a perspective view Detail of anchoring an inventive umbrella-like avalanche barriers with those of the outer beam ends to the anchoring end of the strut converging wire ropes.
Die Fig. 3 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung das talseitige Ende der Strebe des schirmartigen Lawinenverbauungselementes mit dem Befestigungselement für die X-förmig angebrachten Träger.3 shows this in a perspective view valley end of the strut of the umbrella-like Avalanche barriers with the fastener for the X-shaped supports.
Die Fig. 4 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung ein erfindungsgemäßes schirmartiges Lawinenverbauungselement mit den zwei von den oberen Enden der Träger zu einem Punkt an der Längserstreckung der Strebe zusammenlaufenden Drahtseilen und mit der Darstellung verschiedener, talseitiger, zusätzlicher Verspannungsmöglichkeiten, bzw. Verankerungsmöglichkeiten.4 shows a perspective view umbrella-like according to the invention Avalanche barriers with the two from the top Ends the straps to a point on the longitudinal extension the strut converging wire ropes and with the Representation of various, valley-side, additional Tension options, or Anchoring options.
Die Fig. 5 zeigt in perspektivischer Sicht ein erfindungsgemäßes schirmartiges Lawinenverbauungselement mit angewinkelter und im Knie verstärkter Strebe.5 shows a perspective view umbrella-like according to the invention Avalanche barriers with angled and in the knee reinforced strut.
Zwecks Errichtung einer erfindungsgemäßen
Lawinenverbauung mit Netz werden am Hang Bohrungen
durchgeführt um eine Serie von Verankerungen im Fels
oder im lockeren Boden laut Projekt und mit den bereits
bekannten Elementen, bestehend z.B. aus Drahtseil, Öse,
Kausche usw., durchzuführen. Insbesondere wird an der
Kausche 1a mittels Zapfen 1c ein Verbindungselement 1b
befestigt welches an einem zweiten Zapfen 1d das
Befestigungsende 3a der Strebe 3 und die
Verbindungsdrahtseile 7 aufnimmt, die äußeren Enden 6,
6a dieser sind an den äußeren Enden der X-förmig
angebrachten, mittels Halterungsteil 5a am Strebenende
3b befestigten, Träger 4 verbunden. Die vier Träger 4
sind am Ende welches dem Halterungsteil 5a zugewandt
ist mit Platten 4b versehen welche Bohrungen 4a
aufweisen; ein durch die Bohrungen dieser Platten und
durch die Bohrung 5d an jedem der Flanschen des, am
Ende 3b der Strebe 3 angeschweißten, Halterungsteiles
5a mit kreuzförmigem Querschnitt gesteckter Zapfen 5c
verbindet die Träger mit dem Strebenende. Die
mechanische Verbindung zwischen den X-förmig
angeordneten Trägern 4 und dem Verbindungsteil 5a ist
gelenkiger Art und sichert, wegen dem Spiel zwischen
den zusammengebauten Elementen und zwischen dem Zapfen
5c und den entsprechenden Sitzen, ein leichtes Spiel in
mehreren Richtungen.
Die gegen den Boden gerichteten Enden 6a der Träger 4
und die nach oben gerichteten Enden 6 der Träger 4 sind
mittels einem einzigen Drahtseil 8 verbunden welches
umlaufend angelegt ist und an jedem der äußeren Enden
6, 6a der Träger 4 mittels Klemme gegen eine Spreizung
der Träger gesichert ist. Die gegen den Boden
gerichteten Enden 6a der Träger 4 können direkt am
Boden aufliegen oder auf vorbereiteten Auflagerungen
aufliegen oder können mit Auflageelementen, mit oder
ohne Gelenk und/oder Elementen welche den Ausgleich von
Bodenunebenheiten ermöglichen, ausgestattet sein. Die
Bemaßung dieser Auflageelemente 2 hängt von der
zulässigen Belastung des Bodens ab.For the purpose of erecting an avalanche barrier according to the invention with a net, holes are drilled on the slope in order to carry out a series of anchoring in the rock or in loose soil according to the project and with the already known elements, consisting, for example, of wire rope, eyelet, thimble, etc. In particular, a connecting
The
Bei Bedarf kann der talseitige Teil der Struktur
zusätzlich am Boden mittels Verankerung 12, welche im
Wesentlichen längs der Geraden welche durch die
Auflagepunkte der Träger 4 am Boden läuft liegt und
durch eine Bindung, welche z.B. auf das Drahtseil 8 das
die äußeren Enden 6a der Träger verbindet, auf die
Enden 6a selbst oder auf die daran befestigten
Auflageelemente 2 wirkt, gesichert werden. Alternativ
oder zusätzlich ist auch eine Verspannung 13, 13a
möglich welche auf die äußeren oberen Enden 6 der
Träger 4, bzw. auf dem Punkt 5 wo die Träger
zusammenlaufen, wirkt; in diesem Fall ist eine
Verankerung 12a erforderlich welche talseitig in einem
gewissen Abstand zur Geraden, welche durch die Auflagen
2 läuft, liegt. Der Verankerungspunkt 12a kann für
mehrere Lawinenverbauungselemente welche die selbe
Barriere bilden genutzt werden und es ist auch die
Nutzung der Verankerungen 1 der
Lawinenverbauungselemente der talseitig nächsten
Barriere möglich. If necessary, the valley-side part of the structure
additionally on the floor by means of anchoring 12, which in
Essentially along the straight line through the
Support points of the
Erfindungsgemäß können die Drahtseile 7 welche von den
äußeren Enden 6, 6a der Träger 4 zum Verankerungsende
der Strebe 3 zusammenlaufen alle oder zum Teil durch
eine Bindung 3c, welche an der Längserstreckung der
Strebe 3 vorgesehen ist, laufen um dann am
Verankerungsende 3a der Strebe befestigt zu werden;
alternativ können diese Drahtseile alle oder zum Teil
an der Bindung 3c befestigt sein welche im Falle von
Höchstbeanspruchungen ein Gleiten oder ein elastisches
Nachgeben der Drahtseile 7 ermöglicht. Besagte Lösung
ist natürlich auch an angewinkelten 3d oder an
gebogenen Streben 3 anwendbar, welche eine Änderung der
Anwinkelung der Ebene in welcher die Träger 4 liegen in
Bezug auf die Hangneigung ermöglichen um so auf die
Wirkungsrichtung der durch die Bewegung der
Schneemassen hervorgerufenen Belastungen Einfluß nehmen
zu können.
Die Anwinkelungen 3d können verstärkt 3e sein und
gegebenenfalls mit Befestigungsorganen oder Bindungen
für die Drahtseile 7 versehen sein.
Erfindungsgemäß kann die Anwinkelung auch aus einem
Gelenk, z.B. einem Scharniergelenk bestehen welches in
verschiedenen Winkelstellungen arretiert werden kann.
Die erfindungsgemäßen schirmartigen Elemente können so
verteilt und verankert sein, daß zusammenhängende
Barrieren, gegebenenfalls von zueinander ausgerichteten
und/oder verketteten Elementen entstehen, daß
unterbrochene Barrieren mit unterschiedlichem Verlauf
entstehen oder indem einzelne und von einander
unabhängige Elemente gemäß verschiedener geometrischer
Anordnung montiert werden um eine Verbauung zu bilden.
Die durch die X-förmig angeordneten Träger 4 und durch
die Verbindungselemente 8 gehaltenen Netze 11 können,
zusammen mit allen anderen Teilen des
Verbauungselementes bereits an den Drahtseilen 7,
welche zum bergseitigen Ende 3a der Strebe 3
zusammenlaufen, im Tal montiert und verbunden werden um
so die Arbeiten im Gelände auf die Verankerung durch
Einführen des Zapfens 1c durch die Kausche 1a zu
begrenzen.According to the invention, the
The
According to the invention, the angling can also consist of a joint, for example a hinge joint, which can be locked in different angular positions. The umbrella-like elements according to the invention can be distributed and anchored in such a way that coherent barriers, possibly of mutually aligned and / or interlinked elements, are created, that interrupted barriers are formed with different courses or by assembling individual and independent elements according to different geometrical arrangements around a structure to build. The
Claims (9)
- Avalanche-protection element with netting which has a pyramidal structure resting on the ground and can be anchored on the mountain in the region of the pyramid vertex and contains a rigid supporting structure for the netting, characterized in that the supporting structure is made up of at least three radially arranged load-bearing members (4) which, at the point of intersection (5), are secured on a fastening element (5a) at the end of a strut (3) with limited play, in that, at the opposite end (3a), said rectilinear angled or curved strut (3) has coupling elements for the purpose of fastening it directly, with the interposition of connecting elements (1b, 1c, 1d), on a head segment (1a) of a ground anchor, in that the outer ends (6, 6a) of the load-bearing members (4) are connected to one another by a wire cable (8), which prevents the load-bearing members (4) from spreading apart, and in that the same ends (6, 6a) of the load-bearing members (4) are connected, via wire cables (7), to the fastening end (3a) of the strut (3) and/or to the anchoring point (1a) on the ground or to some other part of the strut.
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection between the outer ends (6, 6a) of the radially positioned load-bearing members is produced by a single wire cable (8) which runs continuously in notches or bores provided at the ends of the load-bearing members and which allows the said ends of the load-bearing members (4) to spread out in a controlled manner by clamping on the wire cable (8), and in that the fastening of the load-bearing members (4) on the securing element (5a) at the end (3b) of the strut provides enough play between the parts for it to be possible for the latter to be adapted to one another.
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the ends (6, 6a) of the load-bearing members to the strut (3), for the purpose of anchoring on the ground (1), takes place by means of two double wire cables (7) instead of by means of four individual wire cables at the free ends, each of which double wire cables is formed into a sling in the central region by a clamp (7a) and is thus used for the fastening at the end (3a) of the strut (3) or on a region along the strut.
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claim 1, characterized in that the strut (3) is angled (3d) and/or curved, in that the angled portion is rigid or formed by an articulation which can be arrested in different angle positions, and in that the possible reinforcement (3e) of the angled portion (3d) may possibly be utilized as binding for the through-passage of the wire cable (7) running together from the outer ends (6, 6a) of the load-bearing members to the anchoring end (3a) of the strut (3) and/or as a fastening element for all or some of the wire cables (7).
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the bindings (3c) for the through-passage and/or for the fastening of the wire cables (7) running together from the outer ends (6, 6a) to the strut (3) are provided with known elements such as springs, sliding clamps or sliding clips, in order to allow the structure to yield in steps in a controlled manner, which brings about a reduction in the cross section which is subjected to the loading by the mass of snow.
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ends (6, 6a) of the load-bearing members (4), said ends being on the ground, can be borne directly on bearing means prepared in the ground, or in that they can be borne indirectly with the interposition of height-adjustable bearing elements (2).
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claim 1, characterized in that the netting (11) is fastened on the continuous wire cable (8), which connects the ends (6, 6a) of the radially arranged load-bearing members (4), and possibly also on the said load-bearing members.
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in accordance with a straight line running through the bearing ends (6a) of the load-bearing members, a further anchoring point (12) is provided on the ground, said anchoring point acting on one of the elements (4, 5, 8) which retain the netting (11), on the netting (11) itself, on the valley end of the strut (3) or on the bearing elements (2).
- Avalanche-protection element with netting according to Claim 1, characterized in that on the valley side, in relation to a straight line running through the bearing means of the bottom ends (6a) of the load-bearing members (4), a further anchoring point (12a) is provided on the ground, for valley-side bracing (13, 13a) of the load-bearing structure (4, 5, 8) for the netting (11), in that it is possible to utilize a single anchoring point (12a) for the valley-side bracing of a number of avalanche-protection elements, and in that, for this bracing, it is possible to utilize possible anchoring points (1) of the next barrier on the valley side or of individually installed avalanche-protection elements.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITBZ960016 | 1996-03-29 | ||
| IT96BZ000016A IT1288181B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | NET SNOW ELEMENT WITH UMBRELLA STRUCTURE. |
| PCT/EP1997/001441 WO1997037085A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-21 | Avalanche breaking-up element with an umbrella-shaped structure and net |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0828897A1 EP0828897A1 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
| EP0828897B1 true EP0828897B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
Family
ID=11346745
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97908282A Expired - Lifetime EP0828897B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-21 | Avalanche breaking-up element with an umbrella-shaped structure and net |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0828897B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE218652T1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2176701T3 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1288181B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997037085A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITVR20100061A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-27 | Lasar S R L | STRUCTURE FOR THE PROTECTION AND / OR CONSOLIDATION OF VERSANTS |
| ITVR20100060A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-27 | Lasar S R L | UMBRELLA STRUCTURE FOR THE PROTECTION AND / OR CONSOLIDATION OF VERSANTS |
| WO2011117790A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Lasar S.R.L. | Structure for the protection and/or consolidation of slopes |
| EP3390724A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-10-24 | Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS | Device for holding materials |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI20051020A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-01 | Artigiana Costruzioni S R L | CONTAINMENT DEVICE FOR BODIES, OR MASSES, MILLERS |
| ES2544947T3 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2015-09-07 | Betonform S.R.L. | Avalanche and similar protection element |
| DE202010010849U1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2010-11-11 | Gartner, Christian | Element for avalanche protection or slope protection |
| FR2971273B1 (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2013-08-02 | Acro Btp | SOFT METAL SCREEN FOR COLLAR RETENTION AND SOIL COMFORT |
| IT1404819B1 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2013-11-29 | Betonform S R L | CONTAINMENT DEVICE |
| ITVR20110151A1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-16 | Betonform S R L | CONTAINMENT DEVICE. |
| WO2014111755A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-24 | Incofil Srl | Umbrella-shaped structure for the protection and/or consolidation of slopes |
| ITBZ20130055A1 (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-05 | Betonform S R L | LOAD DISTRIBUTION ELEMENT FOR AN GROUND ANCHORING SYSTEM |
| RU2625834C1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-07-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет" | Construction of anti-avalanche and anti stone-fall protection |
| RU174847U1 (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-11-07 | Тимур Закирьянович Кудакаев | Mesh panel for protective anti-landslide structure |
| IT202000005992A1 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-09-20 | Lucillo Santorum | Safety device, for example of the avalanche and / or anti-debris flow and / or consolidation type of landslide slopes, and a method for the construction of a containment structure capable of limiting the movement, preferably from upstream to downstream, of a flow mass, for example snow, ground or the like |
| IT202100021512A1 (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-06 | Ar Co S R L | Structure for the stabilization and/or consolidation of slopes |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR68710E (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1958-06-09 | Improvements to dams and structures intended to retain solid materials | |
| CH674998A5 (en) * | 1988-07-13 | 1990-08-15 | Streiff Ag Mathias | Device for prevention of avalanches - consists of pyramidal structure suspended at end of cable to support snow mass |
-
1996
- 1996-03-29 IT IT96BZ000016A patent/IT1288181B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-03-21 WO PCT/EP1997/001441 patent/WO1997037085A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-03-21 AT AT97908282T patent/ATE218652T1/en active
- 1997-03-21 ES ES97908282T patent/ES2176701T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-21 EP EP97908282A patent/EP0828897B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITVR20100061A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-27 | Lasar S R L | STRUCTURE FOR THE PROTECTION AND / OR CONSOLIDATION OF VERSANTS |
| ITVR20100060A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-27 | Lasar S R L | UMBRELLA STRUCTURE FOR THE PROTECTION AND / OR CONSOLIDATION OF VERSANTS |
| WO2011117790A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Lasar S.R.L. | Structure for the protection and/or consolidation of slopes |
| EP3390724A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-10-24 | Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS | Device for holding materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0828897A1 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
| ATE218652T1 (en) | 2002-06-15 |
| WO1997037085A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 |
| ITBZ960016A0 (en) | 1996-03-29 |
| ITBZ960016A1 (en) | 1997-09-29 |
| ES2176701T3 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
| IT1288181B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
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