EP3390724A1 - Device for holding materials - Google Patents

Device for holding materials

Info

Publication number
EP3390724A1
EP3390724A1 EP16819995.8A EP16819995A EP3390724A1 EP 3390724 A1 EP3390724 A1 EP 3390724A1 EP 16819995 A EP16819995 A EP 16819995A EP 3390724 A1 EP3390724 A1 EP 3390724A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
retaining
retaining structure
upstream
end portion
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16819995.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Benoît BOUTILLIER
Bruno Farizy
Stéphane CONSTANT
Cyril Lambert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS
Technologie Alpine de Securite TAS SA
Original Assignee
Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS
Technologie Alpine de Securite TAS SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=55752421&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3390724(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS, Technologie Alpine de Securite TAS SA filed Critical Technologie Alpine De Securite - TAS
Publication of EP3390724A1 publication Critical patent/EP3390724A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a material retaining device intended in particular for protecting roads, buildings or any other sensitive structure against in particular avalanches and / or falling rocks.
  • EP 1 728 924 discloses a device for retaining solid materials, such as snow or earth, comprising:
  • a retaining structure comprising a retaining net for retaining the solid materials
  • a fastening assembly comprising an upstream fastening element intended to be fastened to an upstream anchorage point disposed upstream of the retaining structure, a central retaining bar arranged to connect the retaining structure to the upstream fastening element; and a plurality of metal connecting cables, each connecting cable having a first end attached to the retaining structure and a second end attached to the retaining bar.
  • the connecting cables and the restraining bar enable the retaining structure to be held in position against forces applied to the retaining structure from upstream to downstream, while the retaining bar can maintain in position the retaining structure with respect to forces applied to the retaining structure from downstream to upstream, and thus to prevent the retaining structure from going downstream.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages.
  • the technical problem underlying the invention is therefore to provide a material retaining device that is simple, economical and reliable structure.
  • the present invention relates to a material retaining device, comprising:
  • a retaining structure configured to retain materials
  • an attachment assembly intended to be fixed to an upstream anchorage point disposed upstream of the retaining structure and configured to connect the retaining structure to the upstream anchoring point
  • the fastening assembly comprising a plurality of elements connecting element, each connecting element being flexible and elongate, and comprising a first end portion connected to the retaining structure and a second end portion opposite the first respective end portion and intended to be connected to the point d upstream anchoring, the connecting elements being configured to form, under use conditions, a pyramidal structure whose apex is oriented towards the upstream anchor point, and
  • the at least one holding element configured to hold the retaining structure in position, the at least one holding element comprising a first end portion connected to the retaining structure and a second end portion opposite to the first portion; end end and intended to be connected to a downstream anchor point disposed downstream of the retaining structure.
  • Such a configuration of the retaining device makes it possible to maintain the position of the retaining structure by means of the connecting elements with respect to forces applied to the retaining structure from upstream to downstream. and by means of the at least one holding element with respect to forces applied to the retaining structure from downstream to upstream.
  • Such a configuration of the retaining device also makes it possible to lighten the retaining device due to the removal of the central retaining bar, while eliminating the drawbacks associated with its presence.
  • the retaining device according to the invention can for example be used as an avalanche protection device and / or rockfall.
  • the retainer may further have one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
  • the at least one holding element is configured to prevent movement, and in particular pivoting, of the retaining structure from downstream to upstream.
  • the central portion of the retaining structure is devoid, on its face intended to be turned towards the upstream anchor point, rigid connecting element.
  • the fixing assembly comprises an upstream fastening element intended to be fixed at the upstream anchoring point, each connecting element being configured to connect the retaining structure to the fastening element. upstream.
  • the second end portion of each connecting element is advantageously connected to the upstream fastening element.
  • the upstream fastening element is connected to the retaining structure solely by the connecting elements.
  • the upstream fastening element is only connected to lateral portions of the retaining structure.
  • the fixing assembly is constituted by the upstream fastening element and the connecting elements.
  • the fixing assembly is devoid of a retaining bar arranged to retain the retaining structure and to connect the retaining structure to the upstream anchor point, and more particularly arranged to connect the retaining structure at the upstream fastening element.
  • the second end portion of each connecting element is fixed directly to the upstream fastening element.
  • the at least one holding element is flexible and elongated.
  • the at least one holding element is a holding cable.
  • the or each holding cable may for example be metallic.
  • the retaining device comprises a plurality of holding elements, each holding element comprising a first end portion connected to the retaining structure and a second end portion opposite to the retaining element. first respective end portion and intended to be connected to the downstream anchor point disposed downstream of the retaining structure.
  • the retaining device comprises a downstream fastening element intended to be fixed at the downstream anchorage point, the at least one holding element being configured to connect the retaining structure to the downstream fastening element, the second end portion of the at least one holding element being connected to the downstream fastening element.
  • the retaining device comprises a holding assembly comprising the at least one holding element and the downstream fastening element.
  • the fixing assembly is disposed on a first side of the retaining structure, and the at least one holding element is disposed on a second side of the opposite retaining structure. on the first side.
  • each connecting element is formed by a connecting cable.
  • Each connecting cable may for example be metallic.
  • the retaining structure comprises at least one retaining element configured to retain materials, and first and second support members configured to support the at least one retaining member.
  • each connecting element is connected to one of the first and second support elements.
  • the fixing assembly comprises a first and a second pair of connecting elements, each connecting element of the first pair being connected to the first support element and each connecting element of the second pair being connected to the second support member.
  • the first and second support elements extend substantially parallel to one another.
  • the retaining structure comprises a plurality of retaining elements extending substantially parallel to each other.
  • the retaining elements extend substantially perpendicular to the first and second support elements.
  • each retaining element is fixed on each of the first and second support elements.
  • Each retaining element may be fixed on each of the first and second support elements, for example by screwing or by means of U-shaped brackets.
  • each retaining element is a retaining beam.
  • Each holding beam is for example wood.
  • each of the first and second support members is elongated.
  • each of the first and second support elements is or comprises a support beam.
  • Each support beam may for example be wood or metal.
  • the retaining structure has a generally quadrangular shape.
  • the retaining structure extends substantially in a retaining plane.
  • the retaining structure comprises a first and a second support element configured to rest on the ground.
  • the first and second support elements are respectively disposed on the first and second support elements.
  • each of the first and second support members comprises a first and a second fastening part offset with respect to each other, the connecting elements of the first pair being respectively connected to the first and second attachment portions provided on the first support member, the connecting members of the second pair being respectively connected to the first and second attachment portions provided on the second support member.
  • the distance between the first and second fastening portions provided on the first support member is substantially identical to the distance between the first and second fastening portions provided on the second support member.
  • each of the first and second attachment portions of each of the first and second support members comprises a fixing member on which is fixed the first end portion of the respective connecting element.
  • Each fastener may for example be pivotally mounted on the respective fastening portion about a pivot axis.
  • Each fastener may for example delimit a retaining passage receiving the first end portion of the respective connecting element.
  • each fastener is a fastening shackle.
  • the first fixing part provided on the first support element is arranged close to the first support element, and the first fixing part provided on the second support element is placed close to the first support element. the second support element.
  • the retaining device comprises two holding elements, one being connected to the second fixing part provided on the first support element, the other being connected to the second fixing part. provided on the second support member.
  • each second fixing portion comprises a first fixing lug on which the respective connecting element is fixed, and a second fixing lug on which the respective holding element is fixed.
  • the first and second fixing lugs of the same second fixing portion are oriented substantially opposite each other. For example, each first attachment lug is intended to be turned substantially towards the upstream anchor point and each second attachment lug is intended to be turned substantially towards the downstream anchor point.
  • each first fixing portion comprises a fixing lug on which is fixed the respective connecting element.
  • the retaining structure comprises a first reinforcing element configured to connect the first fixing part provided on the first support element to the second fixing part provided on the second support element, and a second reinforcing member configured to connect the second attachment portion provided on the first support member to the first attachment portion provided on the second support member.
  • each of the first and second reinforcing elements is flexible and elongated.
  • each of the first and second reinforcing elements is a reinforcing cable, for example metallic.
  • the at least one retaining element is disposed on the side of the fixing assembly relative to the first and second support elements, and therefore on the side of the upstream anchor point.
  • the at least one retaining element is a retaining net.
  • the first and second support elements are intersecting and form a cross.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a material retainer according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are views, on an enlarged scale, of two details of the retainer of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the retainer of Figure 1 in the use position.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the retainer of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a material retainer according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 7 and 8 are views, on an enlarged scale, of two details of the retainer of Figure 6.
  • Figure 9 is a top view of the retainer of Figure 6.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a material retainer according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 1 to 5 show a first embodiment of a retainer 2 configured to retain solid materials, such as earth, snow and gravel.
  • the retainer 2 comprises a retaining structure 3 of generally rectangular shape and extending substantially in a retaining plane.
  • the retaining structure 3 comprises a plurality of retaining elements 4 extending substantially parallel to each other.
  • the retaining elements 4 are associated in pairs, so that two retaining elements 4 of the same pair are arranged side by side, and each pair of retaining elements is located at a distance from an adjacent pair.
  • Each retaining element 4 may for example be formed by a retaining beam which may in particular be of wood.
  • the retaining structure 3 also comprises a first and a second support element 5, 6 configured to support the retaining elements 4.
  • the first and second support elements 5, 6 extend substantially perpendicular to the retaining elements 4, and are each formed by a support beam which may for example be metallic.
  • each retaining element 4 more particularly comprises a first end portion 4a fixed on the first support member 5, and a second end portion 4b fixed on the second support member 6, and the first and second end portions 4a, 4b of each retaining element 4 are fixed on the first and second support members 5, 6 by means of fixing brackets 7 having a generally U-shaped shape.
  • each of the first and second support members 5, 6 includes immobilizing tabs 8 (shown more particularly in Figure 2) distributed along the respective support member and each provided with a through hole 9, and each Mounting bracket 7 has two side branches 11 configured to extend through a pair of through holes 9 provided on the respective support member.
  • Each lateral branch 11 is advantageously provided with a thread, and is configured to be immobilized on the respective immobilizing lug 8 by means of a fastening nut 12 adapted to cooperate with the threading provided thereon.
  • the retaining structure 3 further comprises a first support element 13 and a second support element 14 respectively arranged on the first and second support elements 5, 6, and configured to take support on the ground.
  • Each of the first and second support members 13, 14 may be attached, for example removably, to the respective support member.
  • the retaining device 2 further comprises an attachment assembly 15 for attachment to an upstream anchor point disposed upstream of the retaining structure 3, and configured to connect the retaining structure 3 to the upstream anchor point.
  • the fixing assembly 15 is disposed on the upstream side of the retaining structure 3.
  • the fastening assembly 15 more particularly comprises an upstream fastening element 16 intended to be fastened to the upstream anchoring point, and a plurality of connecting elements 17 configured to connect the retaining structure 3 to the upstream fastening element.
  • the fixing assembly 15 is devoid of a retaining bar arranged to retain the retaining structure 3 and to connect the retaining structure 3 to the upstream fastening element 16.
  • the fastening element upstream 16 is connected to the retaining structure 3 only by the elements of link 17.
  • the upstream fastening element 16 may for example define a retaining passage, and be formed in particular by a fixing shackle.
  • Each connecting element 17 is flexible and elongate, and comprises a first end portion 17a fixed to the retaining structure 3, and a second end portion 17b opposite to the respective first end portion and attached to the element
  • each connecting element 17 is formed by a metal connecting cable, and the first and second end portions 17a, 17b of each connecting element 17 each comprise a fastening loop. .
  • the fixing assembly 15 more specifically comprises a first pair of connecting elements 17 whose first ends 17a are connected to the first support element 5 and a second pair of connecting elements 17 whose first ends 17a are connected to the second support element 6, and the connecting elements 17 are configured to form, under use conditions, a pyramidal structure whose apex is oriented in the direction of the upstream fastening element 16.
  • the first support element 5 comprises a first attachment portion 18 and a second attachment portion 19 offset longitudinally with respect to each other
  • the second support member 6 comprises a first portion 21 and a second fastening portion 22 offset longitudinally relative to each other.
  • the connecting elements 17 of the first pair are respectively connected to the first and second fixing parts 18, 19 provided on the first support element 5, and the connecting elements 17 of the second pair are connected respectively to the first and second parts of the fixing 21, 22 provided on the second support element 6.
  • the first attachment portion 18 provided on the first support member 5 is disposed near the first support member 13, and the first attachment portion 21 provided on the second support member 6 is disposed near the first support member 13, second support element 14.
  • the distance between the first and second fixing parts 18, 19 is advantageously substantially identical to the distance between the first and second fixing parts 21, 22.
  • the retaining device 2 further comprises a retaining assembly 23 intended to be fixed to a downstream anchor point disposed downstream of the retaining structure 3, and configured to hold the retaining structure 3 in position.
  • retainer 23 is disposed on the downstream side of the retaining structure 3.
  • the retaining assembly 23 more particularly comprises a downstream fastening element 24 intended to be fixed at the upstream anchor point, and a plurality of holding elements 25 configured to connect the retaining structure 3 to the downstream fastening element. 24 and to hold in position the retaining structure 3.
  • Each holding member 25 is flexible and elongate, and includes a first end portion 25a attached to the retainer structure 3, and a second end portion 25b opposite the respective first end portion and attached to the member
  • each holding element 25 is formed by a metal holding cable, and the first and second end portions 25a, 25b of each holding element 25 each comprise a holding loop. .
  • the retaining assembly 23 comprises two holding elements 25, the first end portion 25a of one of the holding elements 25 being connected to the second fixing portion 19 provided on the first element 5, and the first end portion 25a of the other of the holding members 25 being connected to the second fixing portion 22 provided on the second support member 6.
  • the first fixing portion 18 comprises a fixing lug 26 equipped with a fixing member 27 to which the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17 is fixed, and the second end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17;
  • fixing part 19 comprises a first fixing lug 28 equipped with a fixing member 29 on which is fixed the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17, and a second fixing lug 31 equipped with a fixing member 32 on which is fixed the first end portion 25a of the respective holding member 25.
  • the first fastening portion 21 comprises a fastening lug 33 equipped with a fixing member 34 on which is fixed the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17
  • the second fixing portion 22 comprises a first fixing lug 35 equipped with a fixing member 36 on which the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17 is fixed, and a second fixing lug 37 equipped with a fixing member 38 on which is fixed the first end portion 25a of the respective holding member 25.
  • Each fastener 27, 29, 34, 36 may for example be pivotally mounted on the respective fastening tab around a pivot axis, and delimit a retaining passage receiving the first end portion 17a of the element. respective link 17.
  • each fastener 32, 38 may For example, be pivoted on the respective fastening tab around a pivot axis, and delimit a retaining passage receiving the first end portion 25a of the respective holding member 25.
  • Each fastener 27, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38 may for example be formed by a fixing shackle.
  • Figures 6 to 9 show a retaining device 2 according to a second embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment essentially in that the retaining structure 3 further comprises a first reinforcing element 41 configured to connect the first attachment portion 18 provided on the first support member 5 to the second attachment portion 22 provided on the second support member 6, and a second reinforcing member 42 configured to connect the second attachment portion 19 provided on the first member 5 to the first fixing portion 21 provided on the second support member 6.
  • each of the first and second reinforcing elements 41, 42 is flexible and elongated.
  • Each of the first and second reinforcing elements 41, 42 may be formed by a reinforcing cable, for example metal.
  • the retaining device 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment further in that the first and second support elements 5, 6 respectively comprise a first and a second wooden support beams, and in that the first and second fastening portions 18, 19, 21, 22 are metallic and attached to the wooden support beams.
  • the retaining device 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment also in that the retaining elements 4 are fixed by screwing on the first and second support elements 5, 6.
  • FIG. 10 shows a retaining device 2 according to a third embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment essentially in that the retaining structure 3 comprises a retaining net 43 in the place of the retaining elements 4, in that the first and second support elements 5, 6 are intercrossed and form a cross, and in that the holding assembly 23 comprises a single holding element 25 whose first end portion 25a is connected at the level of the crossing zone of the first and second support elements 5, 6.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this retaining device, described above as examples, it encompasses all the variants.

Abstract

This device (2) for holding materials has a holding structure (3) configured to hold the materials; a fastening assembly (15) that is intended to be fastened to an upstream anchoring point and is configured to connect the holding structure (3) to the upstream anchoring point, the fastening assembly (15) comprising a plurality of connecting elements (17), each connecting element (17) being flexible and elongate and comprising a first end portion (17a) connected to the holding structure (3) and a second end portion (17b) intended to be connected to the upstream anchoring point; and at least one maintaining element (25) configured to maintain the holding structure (3) in position and comprising a first end portion (25a) connected to the holding structure (3) and a second end portion (25b) intended to be connected to a downstream anchoring point disposed downstream of the holding structure (3).

Description

Dispositif de retenue de matériaux  Material retainer
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de retenue de matériaux destiné notamment à protéger des routes, des bâtiments ou toute autre structure sensible contre en particulier des avalanches et/ou des chutes de pierres. The present invention relates to a material retaining device intended in particular for protecting roads, buildings or any other sensitive structure against in particular avalanches and / or falling rocks.
Le document EP 1 728 924 divulgue un dispositif de retenue de matériaux solides, tels que de la neige ou de la terre, comprenant :  EP 1 728 924 discloses a device for retaining solid materials, such as snow or earth, comprising:
- une structure de retenue comprenant un filet de retenue destiné à retenir les matériaux solides, et  a retaining structure comprising a retaining net for retaining the solid materials, and
- un ensemble de fixation comportant un élément de fixation amont destiné à être fixé à un point d'ancrage amont disposé en amont de la structure de retenue, une barre de retenue centrale agencée pour relier la structure de retenue à l'élément de fixation amont, et une pluralité de câbles de liaison métalliques, chaque câble de liaison comportant une première extrémité fixée sur la structure de retenue et une deuxième extrémité fixée sur la barre de retenue.  a fastening assembly comprising an upstream fastening element intended to be fastened to an upstream anchorage point disposed upstream of the retaining structure, a central retaining bar arranged to connect the retaining structure to the upstream fastening element; and a plurality of metal connecting cables, each connecting cable having a first end attached to the retaining structure and a second end attached to the retaining bar.
Les câbles de liaisons et la barre de retenue permettent de maintenir en position la structure de retenue vis-à-vis d'efforts appliqués sur la structure de retenue de l'amont vers l'aval, tandis que la barre de retenue permet de maintenir en position la structure de retenue vis-à-vis d'efforts appliqués sur la structure de retenue de l'aval vers l'amont, et donc d'empêcher la structure de retenue de se coucher vers l'amont.  The connecting cables and the restraining bar enable the retaining structure to be held in position against forces applied to the retaining structure from upstream to downstream, while the retaining bar can maintain in position the retaining structure with respect to forces applied to the retaining structure from downstream to upstream, and thus to prevent the retaining structure from going downstream.
Cependant, une telle configuration du dispositif de retenue a montré certaines limites dans des configurations topographiques particulières et pour des sollicitations externes particulières. En particulier, lorsque la matière retenue par la structure de retenue devient trop dense ou trop épaisse, les efforts appliqués sur la barre de retenue par cette matière sont susceptibles de provoquer un cintrage de la barre de retenue, qui peut être accompagné d'une rupture de la liaison entre la structure de retenue et la barre de retenue.  However, such a configuration of the retainer has shown certain limitations in particular topographic configurations and for particular external stresses. In particular, when the material retained by the retaining structure becomes too dense or too thick, the forces applied on the retaining bar by this material are likely to cause a bending of the retaining bar, which may be accompanied by a break the connection between the retaining structure and the retaining bar.
Or, un tel cintrage de la barre de retenue induit une modification de l'orientation de la structure de retenue par rapport au sol, ce qui nuit à la rétention des matériaux par la structure de retenue, et donc à la fiabilité du dispositif de retenue. En outre, lorsqu'un tel cintrage est accompagné d'une rupture de la liaison entre la structure de retenue et la barre de retenue, la structure de retenue est susceptible de se coucher vers l'amont, ce qui nuit également à la fiabilité du dispositif de retenue.  However, such bending of the retaining bar induces a change in the orientation of the retaining structure relative to the ground, which affects the retention of materials by the retaining structure, and therefore to the reliability of the retaining device. . In addition, when such bending is accompanied by a break in the connection between the retaining structure and the retaining bar, the retaining structure is likely to fold upstream, which also affects the reliability of the restraint.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients. Le problème technique à la base de l'invention consiste donc à fournir un dispositif de retenue de matériaux qui soit de structure simple, économique et fiable. The present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages. The technical problem underlying the invention is therefore to provide a material retaining device that is simple, economical and reliable structure.
A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un dispositif de retenue de matériaux, comportant :  For this purpose, the present invention relates to a material retaining device, comprising:
- une structure de retenue configurée pour retenir des matériaux, a retaining structure configured to retain materials,
- un ensemble de fixation destiné à être fixé à un point d'ancrage amont disposé en amont de la structure de retenue et configuré pour relier la structure de retenue au point d'ancrage amont, l'ensemble de fixation comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de liaison, chaque élément de liaison étant souple et allongé, et comprenant une première portion d'extrémité reliée à la structure de retenue et une deuxième portion d'extrémité opposée à la première portion d'extrémité respective et destinée à être reliée au point d'ancrage amont, les éléments de liaison étant configurés pour former, en conditions d'utilisation, une structure pyramidale dont le sommet est orienté en direction du point d'ancrage amont, et an attachment assembly intended to be fixed to an upstream anchorage point disposed upstream of the retaining structure and configured to connect the retaining structure to the upstream anchoring point, the fastening assembly comprising a plurality of elements connecting element, each connecting element being flexible and elongate, and comprising a first end portion connected to the retaining structure and a second end portion opposite the first respective end portion and intended to be connected to the point d upstream anchoring, the connecting elements being configured to form, under use conditions, a pyramidal structure whose apex is oriented towards the upstream anchor point, and
- au moins un élément de maintien configuré pour maintenir en position la structure de retenue, l'au moins un élément de maintien comprenant une première portion d'extrémité reliée à la structure de retenue et une deuxième portion d'extrémité opposée à la première portion d'extrémité respective et destinée à être reliée à un point d'ancrage aval disposé en aval de la structure de retenue.  at least one holding element configured to hold the retaining structure in position, the at least one holding element comprising a first end portion connected to the retaining structure and a second end portion opposite to the first portion; end end and intended to be connected to a downstream anchor point disposed downstream of the retaining structure.
Une telle configuration du dispositif de retenue permet d'assurer un maintien en position de la structure de retenue par l'intermédiaire des éléments de liaison vis-à-vis d'efforts appliqués sur la structure de retenue de l'amont vers l'aval, et par l'intermédiaire de l'au moins un élément de maintien vis-à-vis d'efforts appliqués sur la structure de retenue de l'aval vers l'amont. Ces dispositions assurent ainsi une fiabilité optimale au dispositif de retenue selon l'invention.  Such a configuration of the retaining device makes it possible to maintain the position of the retaining structure by means of the connecting elements with respect to forces applied to the retaining structure from upstream to downstream. and by means of the at least one holding element with respect to forces applied to the retaining structure from downstream to upstream. These provisions thus ensure optimum reliability of the retaining device according to the invention.
Une telle configuration du dispositif de retenue permet également d'alléger le dispositif de retenue du fait de la suppression de la barre de retenue centrale, tout en supprimant les inconvénients liés à sa présence.  Such a configuration of the retaining device also makes it possible to lighten the retaining device due to the removal of the central retaining bar, while eliminating the drawbacks associated with its presence.
Le dispositif de retenue selon l'invention peut par exemple être utilisé comme dispositif de protection contre les avalanches et/ou les chutes de pierres.  The retaining device according to the invention can for example be used as an avalanche protection device and / or rockfall.
Le dispositif de retenue peut en outre présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison.  The retainer may further have one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'au moins un élément de maintien est configuré pour empêcher un déplacement, et notamment un pivotement, de la structure de retenue de l'aval vers l'amont. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la portion centrale de la structure de retenue est dépourvue, sur sa face destinée à être tournée vers le point d'ancrage amont, d'élément de liaison rigide. According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one holding element is configured to prevent movement, and in particular pivoting, of the retaining structure from downstream to upstream. According to one embodiment of the invention, the central portion of the retaining structure is devoid, on its face intended to be turned towards the upstream anchor point, rigid connecting element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'ensemble de fixation comprend un élément de fixation amont destiné à être fixé au point d'ancrage amont, chaque élément de liaison étant configuré pour relier la structure de retenue à l'élément de fixation amont. La deuxième portion d'extrémité de chaque élément de liaison est avantageusement reliée à l'élément de fixation amont.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the fixing assembly comprises an upstream fastening element intended to be fixed at the upstream anchoring point, each connecting element being configured to connect the retaining structure to the fastening element. upstream. The second end portion of each connecting element is advantageously connected to the upstream fastening element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément de fixation amont est relié à la structure de retenue uniquement par les éléments de liaison.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the upstream fastening element is connected to the retaining structure solely by the connecting elements.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément de fixation amont est uniquement relié à des portions latérales de la structure de retenue.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the upstream fastening element is only connected to lateral portions of the retaining structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'ensemble de fixation est constitué par l'élément de fixation amont et les éléments de liaison.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the fixing assembly is constituted by the upstream fastening element and the connecting elements.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'ensemble de fixation est dépourvu d'une barre de retenue agencée pour retenir la structure de retenue et pour relier la structure de retenue au point d'ancrage amont, et plus particulièrement agencée pour relier la structure de retenue à l'élément de fixation amont.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the fixing assembly is devoid of a retaining bar arranged to retain the retaining structure and to connect the retaining structure to the upstream anchor point, and more particularly arranged to connect the retaining structure at the upstream fastening element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la deuxième portion d'extrémité de chaque élément de liaison est fixée directement à l'élément de fixation amont.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the second end portion of each connecting element is fixed directly to the upstream fastening element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'au moins un élément de maintien est souple et allongé.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one holding element is flexible and elongated.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'au moins un élément de maintien est un câble de maintien. Le ou chaque câble de maintien peut par exemple être métallique.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one holding element is a holding cable. The or each holding cable may for example be metallic.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue comprend une pluralité d'éléments de maintien, chaque élément de maintien comprenant une première portion d'extrémité reliée à la structure de retenue et une deuxième portion d'extrémité opposée à la première portion d'extrémité respective et destinée à être reliée au point d'ancrage aval disposé en aval de la structure de retenue.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining device comprises a plurality of holding elements, each holding element comprising a first end portion connected to the retaining structure and a second end portion opposite to the retaining element. first respective end portion and intended to be connected to the downstream anchor point disposed downstream of the retaining structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue comprend un élément de fixation aval destiné à être fixé au point d'ancrage aval, l'au moins un élément de maintien étant configuré pour relier la structure de retenue à l'élément de fixation aval, la deuxième portion d'extrémité de l'au moins un élément de maintien étant reliée à l'élément de fixation aval. According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining device comprises a downstream fastening element intended to be fixed at the downstream anchorage point, the at least one holding element being configured to connect the retaining structure to the downstream fastening element, the second end portion of the at least one holding element being connected to the downstream fastening element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue comprend un ensemble de maintien comportant l'au moins un élément de maintien et l'élément de fixation aval.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining device comprises a holding assembly comprising the at least one holding element and the downstream fastening element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'ensemble de fixation est disposé d'un premier côté de la structure de retenue, et l'au moins un élément de maintien est disposé d'un deuxième côté de la structure de retenue opposé au premier côté.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the fixing assembly is disposed on a first side of the retaining structure, and the at least one holding element is disposed on a second side of the opposite retaining structure. on the first side.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque élément de liaison est formé par un câble de liaison. Chaque câble de liaison peut par exemple être métallique.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each connecting element is formed by a connecting cable. Each connecting cable may for example be metallic.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la structure de retenue comprend au moins un élément de retenue configuré pour retenir des matériaux, et un premier et un deuxième éléments de support configurés pour supporter l'au moins un élément de retenue.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining structure comprises at least one retaining element configured to retain materials, and first and second support members configured to support the at least one retaining member.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la première portion d'extrémité de chaque élément de liaison est reliée à l'un des premier et deuxième éléments de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the first end portion of each connecting element is connected to one of the first and second support elements.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'ensemble de fixation comprend une première et une deuxième paires d'éléments de liaison, chaque élément de liaison de la première paire étant relié au premier élément de support et chaque élément de liaison de la deuxième paire étant relié au deuxième élément de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the fixing assembly comprises a first and a second pair of connecting elements, each connecting element of the first pair being connected to the first support element and each connecting element of the second pair being connected to the second support member.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les premier et deuxième éléments de support s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement l'un par rapport à l'autre.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the first and second support elements extend substantially parallel to one another.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la structure de retenue comporte une pluralité d'éléments de retenue s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement les uns par rapport aux autres.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining structure comprises a plurality of retaining elements extending substantially parallel to each other.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les éléments de retenue s'étendent sensiblement perpendiculairement par rapport aux premier et deuxième éléments de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining elements extend substantially perpendicular to the first and second support elements.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque élément de retenue est fixé sur chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support. Chaque élément de retenue peut être fixé sur chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support par exemple par vissage ou par l'intermédiaire d'étriers de fixation en U. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque élément de retenue est une poutre de retenue. Chaque poutre de retenue est par exemple en bois. According to one embodiment of the invention, each retaining element is fixed on each of the first and second support elements. Each retaining element may be fixed on each of the first and second support elements, for example by screwing or by means of U-shaped brackets. According to one embodiment of the invention, each retaining element is a retaining beam. Each holding beam is for example wood.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support est allongé.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each of the first and second support members is elongated.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support est ou comporte une poutre de support. Chaque poutre de support peut par exemple être en bois ou être métallique.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each of the first and second support elements is or comprises a support beam. Each support beam may for example be wood or metal.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la structure de retenue présente une forme générale quadrangulaire.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining structure has a generally quadrangular shape.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la structure de retenue s'étend sensiblement selon un plan de retenue.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining structure extends substantially in a retaining plane.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la structure de retenue comporte un premier et un deuxième éléments d'appui configurés pour prendre appui sur le sol.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining structure comprises a first and a second support element configured to rest on the ground.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les premier et deuxième éléments d'appui sont disposés respectivement sur les premier et deuxième éléments de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the first and second support elements are respectively disposed on the first and second support elements.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support comporte une première et une deuxième parties de fixation décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre, les éléments de liaison de la première paire étant reliés respectivement aux première et deuxième parties de fixation prévues sur le premier élément de support, les éléments de liaison de la deuxième paire étant reliés respectivement aux première et deuxième parties de fixation prévues sur le deuxième élément de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each of the first and second support members comprises a first and a second fastening part offset with respect to each other, the connecting elements of the first pair being respectively connected to the first and second attachment portions provided on the first support member, the connecting members of the second pair being respectively connected to the first and second attachment portions provided on the second support member.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la distance entre les première et deuxième parties de fixation prévues sur le premier élément de support est sensiblement identique à la distance entre les première et deuxième parties de fixation prévues sur le deuxième élément de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the distance between the first and second fastening portions provided on the first support member is substantially identical to the distance between the first and second fastening portions provided on the second support member.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chacune des première et deuxième parties de fixation de chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support comportent un organe de fixation sur lequel est fixée la première portion d'extrémité de l'élément de liaison respectif. Chaque organe de fixation peut par exemple être monté pivotant sur la partie de fixation respective autour d'un axe de pivotement. Chaque organe de fixation peut par exemple délimiter un passage de retenue recevant la première portion d'extrémité de l'élément de liaison respectif. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque organe de fixation est une manille de fixation. According to one embodiment of the invention, each of the first and second attachment portions of each of the first and second support members comprises a fixing member on which is fixed the first end portion of the respective connecting element. Each fastener may for example be pivotally mounted on the respective fastening portion about a pivot axis. Each fastener may for example delimit a retaining passage receiving the first end portion of the respective connecting element. According to one embodiment of the invention, each fastener is a fastening shackle.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la première partie de fixation prévue sur le premier élément de support est disposée à proximité du premier élément d'appui, et la première partie de fixation prévue sur le deuxième élément de support est disposée à proximité du deuxième élément d'appui.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the first fixing part provided on the first support element is arranged close to the first support element, and the first fixing part provided on the second support element is placed close to the first support element. the second support element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue comprend deux éléments de maintien, l'un étant relié à la deuxième partie de fixation prévue sur le premier élément de support, l'autre étant relié à la deuxième partie de fixation prévue sur le deuxième élément de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining device comprises two holding elements, one being connected to the second fixing part provided on the first support element, the other being connected to the second fixing part. provided on the second support member.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque deuxième partie de fixation comporte une première patte de fixation sur laquelle est fixé l'élément de liaison respectif, et une deuxième patte de fixation sur laquelle est fixé l'élément de maintien respectif. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les première et deuxième pattes de fixation d'une même deuxième partie de fixation sont orientées sensiblement à l'opposé l'une de l'autre. Par exemple, chaque première patte de fixation est destinée à être tournée sensiblement vers le point d'ancrage amont et chaque deuxième patte de fixation est destinée à être tournée sensiblement vers le point d'ancrage aval.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each second fixing portion comprises a first fixing lug on which the respective connecting element is fixed, and a second fixing lug on which the respective holding element is fixed. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first and second fixing lugs of the same second fixing portion are oriented substantially opposite each other. For example, each first attachment lug is intended to be turned substantially towards the upstream anchor point and each second attachment lug is intended to be turned substantially towards the downstream anchor point.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque première partie de fixation comporte une patte de fixation sur laquelle est fixé l'élément de liaison respectif.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each first fixing portion comprises a fixing lug on which is fixed the respective connecting element.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la structure de retenue comprend un premier élément de renfort configuré pour relier la première partie de fixation prévue sur le premier élément de support à la deuxième partie de fixation prévue sur le deuxième élément de support, et un deuxième élément de renfort configuré pour relier la deuxième partie de fixation prévue sur le premier élément de support à la première partie de fixation prévue sur le deuxième élément de support.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the retaining structure comprises a first reinforcing element configured to connect the first fixing part provided on the first support element to the second fixing part provided on the second support element, and a second reinforcing member configured to connect the second attachment portion provided on the first support member to the first attachment portion provided on the second support member.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de renfort est souple et allongé.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each of the first and second reinforcing elements is flexible and elongated.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de renfort est un câble de renfort, par exemple métallique.  According to one embodiment of the invention, each of the first and second reinforcing elements is a reinforcing cable, for example metallic.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'au moins un élément de retenue est disposé du côté de l'ensemble de fixation par rapport aux premier et deuxième éléments de support, et donc du côté du point d'ancrage amont. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'au moins un élément de retenue est un filet de retenue. According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one retaining element is disposed on the side of the fixing assembly relative to the first and second support elements, and therefore on the side of the upstream anchor point. According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one retaining element is a retaining net.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les premier et deuxième éléments de support sont entrecroisés et forment une croix.  According to one embodiment of the invention, the first and second support elements are intersecting and form a cross.
De toute façon l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, plusieurs formes d'exécution de ce dispositif de retenue de matériaux.  In any case the invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows with reference to the appended schematic drawing showing, by way of non-limiting examples, several embodiments of this material retaining device.
Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.  Figure 1 is a perspective view of a material retainer according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Figures 2 et 3 sont des vues, à l'échelle agrandie, de deux détails du dispositif de retenue de la figure 1.  Figures 2 and 3 are views, on an enlarged scale, of two details of the retainer of Figure 1.
Figure 4 est une vue de côté du dispositif de retenue de la figure 1 en position d'utilisation.  Figure 4 is a side view of the retainer of Figure 1 in the use position.
Figure 5 est une vue de dessus du dispositif de retenue de la figure 1. Figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  Figure 5 is a top view of the retainer of Figure 1. Figure 6 is a perspective view of a material retainer according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Figures 7 et 8 sont des vues, à l'échelle agrandie, de deux détails du dispositif de retenue de la figure 6.  Figures 7 and 8 are views, on an enlarged scale, of two details of the retainer of Figure 6.
Figure 9 est une vue de dessus du dispositif de retenue de la figure 6. Figure 10 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention  Figure 9 is a top view of the retainer of Figure 6. Figure 10 is a perspective view of a material retainer according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Les figures 1 à 5 représentent un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de retenue 2 configuré pour retenir des matériaux solides, tels que de la terre, de la neige et des graviers.  Figures 1 to 5 show a first embodiment of a retainer 2 configured to retain solid materials, such as earth, snow and gravel.
Le dispositif de retenue 2 comprend une structure de retenue 3 de forme générale rectangulaire et s'étendant sensiblement selon un plan de retenue. Selon le premier mode de réalisation, la structure de retenue 3 comprend une pluralité d'éléments de retenue 4 s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement les uns par rapport aux autres. Les éléments de retenue 4 sont associés par paire, de telle sorte que deux éléments de retenue 4 d'une même paire sont disposés côte à côte, et que chaque paire d'éléments de retenue est située à distance d'une paire adjacente. Chaque élément de retenue 4 peut par exemple être formé par une poutre de retenue qui peut notamment être en bois.  The retainer 2 comprises a retaining structure 3 of generally rectangular shape and extending substantially in a retaining plane. According to the first embodiment, the retaining structure 3 comprises a plurality of retaining elements 4 extending substantially parallel to each other. The retaining elements 4 are associated in pairs, so that two retaining elements 4 of the same pair are arranged side by side, and each pair of retaining elements is located at a distance from an adjacent pair. Each retaining element 4 may for example be formed by a retaining beam which may in particular be of wood.
La structure de retenue 3 comprend également un premier et un deuxième élément de support 5, 6 configurés pour supporter les éléments de retenue 4. Selon le premier mode de réalisation, les premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6 s'étendent sensiblement perpendiculairement par rapport aux éléments de retenue 4, et sont chacun formés par une poutre de support qui peut par exemple être métallique. The retaining structure 3 also comprises a first and a second support element 5, 6 configured to support the retaining elements 4. According to the first embodiment, the first and second support elements 5, 6 extend substantially perpendicular to the retaining elements 4, and are each formed by a support beam which may for example be metallic.
Selon le premier mode de réalisation, chaque élément de retenue 4 comprend plus particulièrement une première portion d'extrémité 4a fixée sur le premier élément de support 5, et une deuxième portion d'extrémité 4b fixée sur le deuxième élément de support 6, et les première et deuxième portions d'extrémité 4a, 4b de chaque élément de retenue 4 sont fixées sur les premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6 par l'intermédiaire d'étriers de fixation 7 présentant une forme générale en U. A cet effet, chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6 comporte des pattes d'immobilisation 8 (montrées plus particulièrement sur la figure 2) réparties le long de l'élément de support respectif et pourvues chacune d'un orifice de passage 9, et chaque étrier de fixation 7 comporte deux branches latérales 11 configurées pour s'étendre à travers une paire d'orifices de passage 9 prévus sur l'élément de support respectif. Chaque branche latérale 11 est avantageusement pourvue d'un filetage, et est configurée pour être immobilisée sur la patte d'immobilisation 8 respective à l'aide d'un écrou de fixation 12 apte à coopérer avec le filetage prévu sur celle-ci.  According to the first embodiment, each retaining element 4 more particularly comprises a first end portion 4a fixed on the first support member 5, and a second end portion 4b fixed on the second support member 6, and the first and second end portions 4a, 4b of each retaining element 4 are fixed on the first and second support members 5, 6 by means of fixing brackets 7 having a generally U-shaped shape. For this purpose, each of the first and second support members 5, 6 includes immobilizing tabs 8 (shown more particularly in Figure 2) distributed along the respective support member and each provided with a through hole 9, and each Mounting bracket 7 has two side branches 11 configured to extend through a pair of through holes 9 provided on the respective support member. Each lateral branch 11 is advantageously provided with a thread, and is configured to be immobilized on the respective immobilizing lug 8 by means of a fastening nut 12 adapted to cooperate with the threading provided thereon.
Comme montré plus particulièrement sur les figures 1 et 3, la structure de retenue 3 comprend en outre un premier élément d'appui 13 et un deuxième élément d'appui 14 disposés respectivement sur les premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6, et configurés pour prendre appui sur le sol. Chacun des premier et deuxième éléments d'appui 13, 14 peut être rapporté, par exemple de manière amovible, sur l'élément de support respectif.  As shown more particularly in FIGS. 1 and 3, the retaining structure 3 further comprises a first support element 13 and a second support element 14 respectively arranged on the first and second support elements 5, 6, and configured to take support on the ground. Each of the first and second support members 13, 14 may be attached, for example removably, to the respective support member.
Le dispositif de retenue 2 comprend de plus un ensemble de fixation 15 destiné à être fixé à un point d'ancrage amont disposé en amont de la structure de retenue 3, et configuré pour relier la structure de retenue 3 au point d'ancrage amont. L'ensemble de fixation 15 est disposé du côté amont de la structure de retenue 3.  The retaining device 2 further comprises an attachment assembly 15 for attachment to an upstream anchor point disposed upstream of the retaining structure 3, and configured to connect the retaining structure 3 to the upstream anchor point. The fixing assembly 15 is disposed on the upstream side of the retaining structure 3.
L'ensemble de fixation 15 comprend plus particulièrement un élément de fixation amont 16 destiné à être fixé au point d'ancrage amont, et une pluralité d'éléments de liaison 17 configurés pour relier la structure de retenue 3 à l'élément de fixation amont 16. Avantageusement, l'ensemble de fixation 15 est dépourvu d'une barre de retenue agencée pour retenir la structure de retenue 3 et pour relier la structure de retenue 3 à l'élément de fixation amont 16. Ainsi, l'élément de fixation amont 16 est relié à la structure de retenue 3 uniquement par les éléments de liaison 17. L'élément de fixation amont 16 peut par exemple délimiter un passage de retenue, et être formé notamment par une manille de fixation. The fastening assembly 15 more particularly comprises an upstream fastening element 16 intended to be fastened to the upstream anchoring point, and a plurality of connecting elements 17 configured to connect the retaining structure 3 to the upstream fastening element. Advantageously, the fixing assembly 15 is devoid of a retaining bar arranged to retain the retaining structure 3 and to connect the retaining structure 3 to the upstream fastening element 16. Thus, the fastening element upstream 16 is connected to the retaining structure 3 only by the elements of link 17. The upstream fastening element 16 may for example define a retaining passage, and be formed in particular by a fixing shackle.
Chaque élément de liaison 17 est souple et allongé, et comprend une première portion d'extrémité 17a fixée à la structure de retenue 3, et une deuxième portion d'extrémité 17b opposée à la première portion d'extrémité respective et fixée à l'élément de fixation amont 16. Selon le premier mode de réalisation, chaque élément de liaison 17 est formé par un câble de liaison métallique, et les première et deuxième portions d'extrémité 17a, 17b de chaque élément de liaison 17 comportent chacune une boucle de fixation.  Each connecting element 17 is flexible and elongate, and comprises a first end portion 17a fixed to the retaining structure 3, and a second end portion 17b opposite to the respective first end portion and attached to the element In the first embodiment, each connecting element 17 is formed by a metal connecting cable, and the first and second end portions 17a, 17b of each connecting element 17 each comprise a fastening loop. .
Selon le premier mode de réalisation, l'ensemble de fixation 15 comprend plus précisément une première paire d'éléments de liaison 17 dont les premières extrémités 17a sont reliées au premier élément de support 5 et une deuxième paire d'éléments de liaison 17 dont les premières extrémités 17a sont reliées au deuxième élément de support 6, et les éléments de liaison 17 sont configurés pour former, en conditions d'utilisation, une structure pyramidale dont le sommet est orienté en direction de l'élément de fixation amont 16.  According to the first embodiment, the fixing assembly 15 more specifically comprises a first pair of connecting elements 17 whose first ends 17a are connected to the first support element 5 and a second pair of connecting elements 17 whose first ends 17a are connected to the second support element 6, and the connecting elements 17 are configured to form, under use conditions, a pyramidal structure whose apex is oriented in the direction of the upstream fastening element 16.
Selon le premier mode de réalisation, le premier élément de support 5 comporte une première partie de fixation 18 et une deuxième partie de fixation 19 décalées longitudinalement l'une par rapport à l'autre, et le deuxième élément de support 6 comporte une première partie de fixation 21 et une deuxième partie de fixation 22 décalées longitudinalement l'une par rapport à l'autre. Les éléments de liaison 17 de la première paire sont reliés respectivement aux première et deuxième parties de fixation 18, 19 prévues sur le premier élément de support 5, et les éléments de liaison 17 de la deuxième paire sont reliés respectivement aux première et deuxième parties de fixation 21, 22 prévues sur le deuxième élément de support 6.  According to the first embodiment, the first support element 5 comprises a first attachment portion 18 and a second attachment portion 19 offset longitudinally with respect to each other, and the second support member 6 comprises a first portion 21 and a second fastening portion 22 offset longitudinally relative to each other. The connecting elements 17 of the first pair are respectively connected to the first and second fixing parts 18, 19 provided on the first support element 5, and the connecting elements 17 of the second pair are connected respectively to the first and second parts of the fixing 21, 22 provided on the second support element 6.
De façon avantageuse, la première partie de fixation 18 prévue sur le premier élément de support 5 est disposée à proximité du premier élément d'appui 13, et la première partie de fixation 21 prévue sur le deuxième élément de support 6 est disposée à proximité du deuxième élément d'appui 14. De plus, la distance entre les première et deuxième parties de fixation 18, 19 est avantageusement sensiblement identique à la distance entre les première et deuxième parties de fixation 21, 22.  Advantageously, the first attachment portion 18 provided on the first support member 5 is disposed near the first support member 13, and the first attachment portion 21 provided on the second support member 6 is disposed near the first support member 13, second support element 14. In addition, the distance between the first and second fixing parts 18, 19 is advantageously substantially identical to the distance between the first and second fixing parts 21, 22.
Le dispositif de retenue 2 comprend en outre un ensemble de retenue 23 destiné à être fixé à un point d'ancrage aval disposé en aval de la structure de retenue 3, et configuré pour maintenir en position la structure de retenue 3. L'ensemble de retenue 23 est disposé du côté aval de la structure de retenue 3. L'ensemble de retenue 23 comprend plus particulièrement un élément de fixation aval 24 destiné à être fixé au point d'ancrage amont, et une pluralité d'éléments de maintien 25 configurés pour relier la structure de retenue 3 à l'élément de fixation aval 24 et pour maintenir en position la structure de retenue 3. The retaining device 2 further comprises a retaining assembly 23 intended to be fixed to a downstream anchor point disposed downstream of the retaining structure 3, and configured to hold the retaining structure 3 in position. retainer 23 is disposed on the downstream side of the retaining structure 3. The retaining assembly 23 more particularly comprises a downstream fastening element 24 intended to be fixed at the upstream anchor point, and a plurality of holding elements 25 configured to connect the retaining structure 3 to the downstream fastening element. 24 and to hold in position the retaining structure 3.
Chaque élément de maintien 25 est souple et allongé, et comprend une première portion d'extrémité 25a fixée à la structure de retenue 3, et une deuxième portion d'extrémité 25b opposée à la première portion d'extrémité respective et fixée à l'élément de fixation aval 24. Selon le premier mode de réalisation, chaque élément de maintien 25 est formé par un câble de maintien métallique, et les première et deuxième portions d'extrémité 25a, 25b de chaque élément de maintien 25 comportent chacune une boucle de maintien.  Each holding member 25 is flexible and elongate, and includes a first end portion 25a attached to the retainer structure 3, and a second end portion 25b opposite the respective first end portion and attached to the member In the first embodiment, each holding element 25 is formed by a metal holding cable, and the first and second end portions 25a, 25b of each holding element 25 each comprise a holding loop. .
Selon le premier mode de réalisation, l'ensemble de retenue 23 comprend deux éléments de maintien 25, la première portion d'extrémité 25a de l'un des éléments de maintien 25 étant reliée à la deuxième partie de fixation 19 prévue sur le premier élément de support 5, et la première portion d'extrémité 25a de l'autre des éléments de maintien 25 étant reliée à la deuxième partie de fixation 22 prévue sur le deuxième élément de support 6.  According to the first embodiment, the retaining assembly 23 comprises two holding elements 25, the first end portion 25a of one of the holding elements 25 being connected to the second fixing portion 19 provided on the first element 5, and the first end portion 25a of the other of the holding members 25 being connected to the second fixing portion 22 provided on the second support member 6.
Selon le premier mode de réalisation, la première partie de fixation 18 comporte une patte de fixation 26 équipée d'un organe de fixation 27 sur lequel est fixée la première portion d'extrémité 17a de l'élément de liaison 17 respectif, et la deuxième partie de fixation 19 comporte une première patte de fixation 28 équipée d'un organe de fixation 29 sur lequel est fixée la première portion d'extrémité 17a de l'élément de liaison 17 respectif, et une deuxième patte de fixation 31 équipée d'un organe de fixation 32 sur lequel est fixée la première portion d'extrémité 25a de l'élément de maintien 25 respectif. De même, la première partie de fixation 21 comporte une patte de fixation 33 équipée d'un organe de fixation 34 sur lequel est fixée la première portion d'extrémité 17a de l'élément de liaison 17 respectif, et la deuxième partie de fixation 22 comporte une première patte de fixation 35 équipée d'un organe de fixation 36 sur lequel est fixée la première portion d'extrémité 17a de l'élément de liaison 17 respectif, et une deuxième patte de fixation 37 équipée d'un organe de fixation 38 sur lequel est fixée la première portion d'extrémité 25a de l'élément de maintien 25 respectif.  According to the first embodiment, the first fixing portion 18 comprises a fixing lug 26 equipped with a fixing member 27 to which the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17 is fixed, and the second end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17; fixing part 19 comprises a first fixing lug 28 equipped with a fixing member 29 on which is fixed the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17, and a second fixing lug 31 equipped with a fixing member 32 on which is fixed the first end portion 25a of the respective holding member 25. Similarly, the first fastening portion 21 comprises a fastening lug 33 equipped with a fixing member 34 on which is fixed the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17, and the second fixing portion 22 comprises a first fixing lug 35 equipped with a fixing member 36 on which the first end portion 17a of the respective connecting element 17 is fixed, and a second fixing lug 37 equipped with a fixing member 38 on which is fixed the first end portion 25a of the respective holding member 25.
Chaque organe de fixation 27, 29, 34, 36 peut par exemple être monté pivotant sur la patte de fixation respective autour d'un axe de pivotement, et délimiter un passage de retenue recevant la première portion d'extrémité 17a de l'élément de liaison 17 respectif. De même, chaque organe de fixation 32, 38 peut par exemple être monté pivotant sur la patte de fixation respective autour d'un axe de pivotement, et délimiter un passage de retenue recevant la première portion d'extrémité 25a de l'élément de maintien 25 respectif. Chaque organe de fixation 27, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38 peut par exemple être formé par une manille de fixation. Each fastener 27, 29, 34, 36 may for example be pivotally mounted on the respective fastening tab around a pivot axis, and delimit a retaining passage receiving the first end portion 17a of the element. respective link 17. Likewise, each fastener 32, 38 may For example, be pivoted on the respective fastening tab around a pivot axis, and delimit a retaining passage receiving the first end portion 25a of the respective holding member 25. Each fastener 27, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38 may for example be formed by a fixing shackle.
Les figures 6 à 9 représentent un dispositif de retenue 2 selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention qui diffère du premier mode de réalisation essentiellement en ce que la structure de retenue 3 comprend en outre un premier élément de renfort 41 configuré pour relier la première partie de fixation 18 prévue sur le premier élément de support 5 à la deuxième partie de fixation 22 prévue sur le deuxième élément de support 6, et un deuxième élément de renfort 42 configuré pour relier la deuxième partie de fixation 19 prévue sur le premier élément de support 5 à la première partie de fixation 21 prévue sur le deuxième élément de support 6. Avantageusement, chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de renfort 41, 42 est souple et allongé. Chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de renfort 41, 42 peut être formé par un câble de renfort, par exemple métallique.  Figures 6 to 9 show a retaining device 2 according to a second embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment essentially in that the retaining structure 3 further comprises a first reinforcing element 41 configured to connect the first attachment portion 18 provided on the first support member 5 to the second attachment portion 22 provided on the second support member 6, and a second reinforcing member 42 configured to connect the second attachment portion 19 provided on the first member 5 to the first fixing portion 21 provided on the second support member 6. Advantageously, each of the first and second reinforcing elements 41, 42 is flexible and elongated. Each of the first and second reinforcing elements 41, 42 may be formed by a reinforcing cable, for example metal.
Le dispositif de retenue 2 selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention diffère du premier mode de réalisation en outre en ce que les premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6 comportent respectivement une premier et une deuxième poutres de support en bois, et en ce que les premières et deuxièmes parties de fixation 18, 19, 21, 22 sont métalliques et rapportées sur les poutres de support en bois.  The retaining device 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment further in that the first and second support elements 5, 6 respectively comprise a first and a second wooden support beams, and in that the first and second fastening portions 18, 19, 21, 22 are metallic and attached to the wooden support beams.
Le dispositif de retenue 2 selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention diffère du premier mode de réalisation également en ce que les éléments de retenue 4 sont fixés par vissage sur les premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6.  The retaining device 2 according to the second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment also in that the retaining elements 4 are fixed by screwing on the first and second support elements 5, 6.
La figure 10 représente un dispositif de retenue 2 selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention qui diffère du premier mode de réalisation essentiellement en ce que la structure de retenue 3 comprend un filet de retenue 43 à la place des éléments de retenue 4, en ce que les premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6 sont entrecroisés et forment une croix, et en ce que l'ensemble de maintien 23 comporte un seul élément de maintien 25 dont la première portion d'extrémité 25a est reliée au niveau de la zone de croisement des premier et deuxième éléments de support 5, 6.  FIG. 10 shows a retaining device 2 according to a third embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment essentially in that the retaining structure 3 comprises a retaining net 43 in the place of the retaining elements 4, in that the first and second support elements 5, 6 are intercrossed and form a cross, and in that the holding assembly 23 comprises a single holding element 25 whose first end portion 25a is connected at the level of the crossing zone of the first and second support elements 5, 6.
Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution de ce dispositif de retenue, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes de réalisation.  As goes without saying, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this retaining device, described above as examples, it encompasses all the variants.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de retenue (2) de matériaux, comportant : 1. Retention device (2) of materials, comprising:
- une structure de retenue (3) configurée pour retenir des matériaux, - un ensemble de fixation (15) destiné à être fixé à un point d'ancrage amont disposé en amont de la structure de retenue, l'ensemble de fixation (15) étant configuré pour relier la structure de retenue (3) au point d'ancrage amont, l'ensemble de fixation (15) comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de liaison (17), chaque élément de liaison (17) étant souple et allongé, et comprenant une première portion d'extrémité (17a) reliée à la structure de retenue (3) et une deuxième portion d'extrémité (17b) opposée à la première portion d'extrémité respective et destinée à être reliée au point d'ancrage amont, les éléments de liaison (17) étant configurés pour former, en conditions d'utilisation, une structure pyramidale dont le sommet est orienté en direction du point d'ancrage amont, et  - a retaining structure (3) configured to retain materials, - a fastening assembly (15) for attachment to an upstream anchor point disposed upstream of the retaining structure, the fastening assembly (15). being configured to connect the retaining structure (3) to the upstream anchoring point, the fastening assembly (15) comprising a plurality of connecting elements (17), each connecting element (17) being flexible and elongated, and comprising a first end portion (17a) connected to the retainer structure (3) and a second end portion (17b) opposite the respective first end portion and for being connected to the upstream anchor point , the connecting elements (17) being configured to form, under use conditions, a pyramidal structure whose apex is oriented toward the upstream anchor point, and
- au moins un élément de maintien (25) configuré pour maintenir en position la structure de retenue (3), l'au moins un élément de maintien (25) comprenant une première portion d'extrémité (25a) reliée à la structure de retenue (3) et une deuxième portion d'extrémité (25b) opposée à la première portion d'extrémité respective et destinée à être reliée à un point d'ancrage aval disposé en aval de la structure de retenue (3).  at least one holding element (25) configured to hold the retaining structure (3) in position, the at least one retaining element (25) comprising a first end portion (25a) connected to the retaining structure (3) and a second end portion (25b) opposite to the respective first end portion and intended to be connected to a downstream anchor point disposed downstream of the retaining structure (3).
2. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'ensemble de fixation (15) comprend un élément de fixation amont (16) destiné à être fixé au point d'ancrage amont, chaque élément de liaison (17) étant configuré pour relier la structure de retenue (3) à l'élément de fixation amont (16). The material retainer of claim 1, wherein the fastener assembly (15) comprises an upstream fastener (16) for attachment to the upstream anchor point, each link member (17) being configured to connect the retaining structure (3) to the upstream fastening element (16).
3. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'élément de fixation amont (16) est relié à la structure de retenue (3) uniquement par les éléments de liaison (17). 3. A material retainer according to claim 2, wherein the upstream fastening element (16) is connected to the retaining structure (3) only by the connecting elements (17).
4. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'ensemble de fixation (15) est dépourvu d'une barre de retenue agencée pour retenir la structure de retenue et relier la structure de retenue (3) au point d'ancrage amont. A material retainer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fastener assembly (15) is devoid of a retaining bar arranged to retain the retaining structure and connect the retaining structure ( 3) at the upstream anchor point.
5. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'au moins un élément de maintien (25) est souple et allongé. 6. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la structure de retenue (3) comprend au moins un élément de retenue (4 ; 43) configuré pour retenir des matériaux, et un premier et un deuxième éléments de support (5, 5. A material retainer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one holding member (25) is flexible and elongated. A material retainer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the retaining structure (3) comprises at least one retaining element (4; 43) configured to retain materials, and a first and a second second support members (5,
6) configurés pour supporter l'au moins un élément de retenue (4 ; 43). 6) configured to support the at least one retainer (4; 43).
7. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les premier et deuxième éléments de support (5, 6) s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement l'un par rapport à l'autre. The material retainer of claim 6, wherein the first and second support members (5, 6) extend substantially parallel to one another.
8. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel la structure de retenue (3) comporte une pluralité d'éléments de retenue (4) s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement les uns par rapport aux autres. A material retainer according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the retaining structure (3) comprises a plurality of retaining elements (4) extending substantially parallel to one another.
9. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, dans lequel l'ensemble de fixation (15) comprend une première et une deuxième paires d'éléments de liaison (17), chaque élément de liaison (17) de la première paire étant relié au premier élément de support (5) et chaque élément de liaison (17) de la deuxième paire étant relié au deuxième élément de support (6). The material retainer of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the fastener assembly (15) comprises a first and a second pair of link members (17), each link member (17) ) of the first pair being connected to the first support member (5) and each connecting element (17) of the second pair being connected to the second support member (6).
10. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon la revendication 9, dans lequel chacun des premier et deuxième éléments de support (5, 6) comporte une première et une deuxième parties de fixation (18, 19 ; 21, 22) décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre, les éléments de liaison (17) de la première paire étant reliés respectivement aux première et deuxième parties de fixation (18, 19) prévues sur le premier élément de support (5), les éléments de liaison (17) de la deuxième paire étant reliés respectivement aux première et deuxième parties de fixation (21, 22) prévues sur le deuxième élément de support (6). The material retainer of claim 9, wherein each of the first and second support members (5, 6) has first and second attachment portions (18, 19; 21, 22) staggered by one to the other, the connecting members (17) of the first pair being respectively connected to the first and second fixing portions (18, 19) provided on the first support member (5), the connecting elements (17). the second pair being respectively connected to the first and second attachment portions (21, 22) provided on the second support member (6).
11. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon la revendication 10, lequel comprend deux éléments de maintien (25), l'un étant relié à la deuxième partie de fixation (19) prévue sur le premier élément de support (5), l'autre étant relié à la deuxième partie de fixation (22) prévue sur le deuxième élément de support (6). A material retainer according to claim 10, which comprises two holding members (25), one being connected to the second portion of fixation (19) provided on the first support member (5), the other being connected to the second attachment portion (22) provided on the second support member (6).
12. Dispositif de retenue de matériaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel la structure de retenue (3) comporte un premier et un deuxième éléments d'appui (13, 14) configurés pour prendre appui sur le sol. 12. Material retaining device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the retaining structure (3) comprises a first and a second bearing elements (13, 14) configured to bear on the ground.
EP16819995.8A 2015-12-16 2016-12-08 Device for holding materials Withdrawn EP3390724A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1562538A FR3045682B1 (en) 2015-12-16 2015-12-16 DEVICE FOR RETAINING MATERIALS
PCT/FR2016/053278 WO2017103385A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2016-12-08 Device for holding materials

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EP3390724A1 true EP3390724A1 (en) 2018-10-24

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EP (1) EP3390724A1 (en)
CA (1) CA3008047A1 (en)
CL (1) CL2018001539A1 (en)
EA (1) EA201891363A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3045682B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017103385A1 (en)

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IT202000005992A1 (en) * 2020-03-20 2021-09-20 Lucillo Santorum Safety device, for example of the avalanche and / or anti-debris flow and / or consolidation type of landslide slopes, and a method for the construction of a containment structure capable of limiting the movement, preferably from upstream to downstream, of a flow mass, for example snow, ground or the like

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FR2629492B1 (en) * 1988-03-31 1991-02-01 Devaux Thierry PROTECTIVE BARRIER WITH MOBILE NET
IT1288181B1 (en) 1996-03-29 1998-09-11 Ennio Lattisi NET SNOW ELEMENT WITH UMBRELLA STRUCTURE.
FR2763083B1 (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-07-02 Sol Systemes DYNAMIC FALLING STONE BARRIER WITH ENERGY DISSIPATION LOOP
DE19921754C2 (en) * 1999-05-11 2003-07-03 Wolfgang Robl Structure for sliding snow and avalanche control
DE202004016657U1 (en) 2004-10-06 2005-03-03 Freistaat Bayern, Vertreten Durch Die Forstdirektion Oberbayern-Schwaben Screen for protecting young trees against snowfall is in the form of ladder whose lower ends are inserted into ground, screen being held stable by guy ropes
ITMI20051020A1 (en) 2005-05-31 2006-12-01 Artigiana Costruzioni S R L CONTAINMENT DEVICE FOR BODIES, OR MASSES, MILLERS
EP2848737B1 (en) 2013-09-13 2016-11-02 Mair Wilfried GmbH / Srl protection shield
WO2015092829A1 (en) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-25 株式会社プロテックエンジニアリング Guard fence

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US20180347126A1 (en) 2018-12-06
EA201891363A1 (en) 2018-12-28
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CA3008047A1 (en) 2017-06-22
CL2018001539A1 (en) 2018-08-10
FR3045682B1 (en) 2019-07-12

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