EP1633627A1 - Dispositif et procede pour la surveillance de la concentration en oxygene dans un reservoir d'aeronef - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede pour la surveillance de la concentration en oxygene dans un reservoir d'aeronef

Info

Publication number
EP1633627A1
EP1633627A1 EP04741756A EP04741756A EP1633627A1 EP 1633627 A1 EP1633627 A1 EP 1633627A1 EP 04741756 A EP04741756 A EP 04741756A EP 04741756 A EP04741756 A EP 04741756A EP 1633627 A1 EP1633627 A1 EP 1633627A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
laser
oxygen
absorption
measuring section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP04741756A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gilles Chabanis
Maximilian Fleischer
Philippe Mangon
Hans Meixner
Rainer Strzoda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1633627A1 publication Critical patent/EP1633627A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
    • B64D37/32—Safety measures not otherwise provided for, e.g. preventing explosive conditions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for detecting and monitoring the oxygen concentration in an aircraft tank using laser spectroscopy, for which an absorption measurement section is implemented in a measurement gas volume within an aircraft tank.
  • the known method of laser spectroscopy monitors the ignition limits of gas mixtures in the aircraft tank, the target gas of the measurement being oxygen.
  • the tanks are filled with this air until the lower ignition limit is undershot. Depending on the operating conditions, this is 11.5 to 12 vol.% Oxygen.
  • the literature reference [2] is relevant in this regard.
  • the oxygen concentration is used to check the effectiveness of this measure tion in the tanks.
  • the difficulty with the measurement lies in the fact that there are several tanks in larger aircraft and these are each divided in order to prevent an uncontrolled fuel flow. This creates many individual gas-filled cavities that are homogeneous. Difficult to flush with inert gas. This results in the need to measure the oxygen content in several places.
  • a sensor in this area should have a life expectancy of well over 10 years. A long-term stable calibration of the concentration is also necessary. The process must be able to check itself to rule out erroneous measurements.
  • the operating temperature should be in the range of -55 ° C to + 85 ° C.
  • the sensor needs air Withstand pressure fluctuations in the range of 250 to 1100 mbar.
  • the air humidity in the measuring range is between 0 and 100% relative air humidity.
  • the electrochemical cells used in the tests have some serious disadvantages for the planned application. There are, for example, limited lifetimes of approx. 2 years, which necessitates cost-intensive replacement at regular intervals. Since moisture is required for the function of the electrochemical cell, the cell can dry out quickly when operating in dry air, as is desired in an airplane. This leads to a shortening of the lifespan. In addition, operation at low temperatures is not possible because the electrolyte freezes out.
  • Paramagnetic methods use a complex mechanical measuring system with a balance that is susceptible to vibrations and accelerations, such as those that occur in aircraft.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with which the formation of ignitable mixtures within an aircraft tank can be determined.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that laser absorption spectroscopy meets the requirements for a sensor for detecting oxygen in an aircraft tank as a whole.
  • Laser absorption spectroscopy is used in the visible and in the infrared wavelength range.
  • individual, respectively selected absorption lines of the oxygen molecules in the range between 758 and 766 nm are evaluated.
  • Laser absorption spectroscopy is a known method. Lasers or laser diodes are used that emit monochrome in the static operating state. The tunability of the wavelength is exploited, for example by varying the operating temperature. In this way, a wavelength interval can be covered, which is substituted for a selected absorption line in the spectrum of the target gas, here oxygen.
  • the laser light shines through a specifically positioned gas absorption path in which the oxygen is located if it exists in the tank. In the presence of oxygen, a wavelength-dependent weakening of the transmitted light will occur. The weakening always correlates with the concentration of the gas to be measured.
  • a photodetector records the spectrum, which is processed in subsequent signal processing electronics and evaluated on a processor using appropriate software. Usable for evaluation Methods in laser spectroscopy are either the direct absorption measurement, a derivative method or high-frequency modulation methods such as the heterodyne method as described in references [4] and [5].
  • the absorption measurement section is positioned on the tank of an aircraft in such a way that all components of the sensor connected to electrical lines are placed outside the tank or outside the tank wall. In the interior of the
  • Tanks only protrude into a holder with a reflecting element at the end.
  • the entire arrangement is attached in the upper region of a tank, in particular at a raised point where, for example, the tank has a bulge.
  • This positioning is associated with the fact that measurements are carried out in the gas phase.
  • the oxygen sensor should not be flushed with fuel or should be able to measure as quickly as possible in a gas volume in which gases accumulate within an aircraft tank.
  • the transmitting and receiving elements as well as usually a temperature sensor are located outside the tank wall, a feed-through opening in the tank wall is closed with a window that is transparent to the light wavelengths used in operation, and the holder and reflector extend into the tank, so that an absorption measurement section is shown inside the tank.
  • the reflector can advantageously be a retroreflector. Further advantages are achieved by means of a concave mirror.
  • the ignitable mixtures are monitored by the detection of oxygen with the additional measurement of the oxygen concentration.
  • a lower ignition limit of a mixture of oxygen and the possible vapors of the fuel is usually monitored by measuring the oxygen concentration. Exemplary embodiments are described below with the aid of schematic figures which do not restrict the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the oxygen monitor attached to the top of an aircraft tank
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the oxygen monitor, which is attached in the tank wall by means of a single-hole assembly with thread and seal.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a measuring probe attached in the upper part of the aircraft tank.
  • the laser and photo detector are located outside the tank interior. Only the optical laser beam passes through a window 3 into the interior of the tank 1, where the oxygen absorption is to be measured in a measuring gas volume.
  • This design prevents the need for additional electrical lines to be routed into the tank, which generally pose a potential explosion risk.
  • a concave mirror reflects the light and focuses it on the photodetector, the photodiode 7.
  • the reflector 5 can also be shown as a simply diffusely reflecting surface, although collecting optics in the beam path for processing the received signal is necessary.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment relative to Figure 1.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is the simple assembly.
  • the monitor is screwed into a threaded hole in the tank wall.
  • the sensor is attached to the highest point of the tank, so that the probability that fuel gets into the beam path is low. As long as fuel does not permanently block the beam path, spectral measurement will be possible. Because the acquisition of a spectrum only takes a few milliseconds.
  • Spectra that are partially or completely affected by fuel in the beam path of the absorption measurement section can easily differentiated from undisturbed spectra and thus filtered out for the measurement.
  • the method has a high dynamic range for the optical received signal, see literature [6], fogging of the window 3 or the reflector 5 can also be tolerated within wide limits.
  • the spectral measurement always provides the entire absorption line, in particular also the areas in which little or no absorption occurs, such as an area next to an absorption line, the measurement background is known and a wavelength-independent change in the transmissions of the measuring cell does not interfere with the concentration measurement ,
  • the concentration of the gas is proportional to the ratio of the minimum transmission in the center of the absorption line to the transmission next to the line.
  • the narrow spectral line width of the laser emission which is typically less than 1% of the half-width of the absorption line, allows the inclusion of a
  • the measured spectrum can be compared directly with a calculated spectrum with knowledge of the molecular parameters such as the crossover frequency, integrated line width, pressure distribution coefficient and energy of the initial state as well as length of the absorption path, temperature and pressure.
  • the only free parameter is the gas concentration. So no device parameters are included in the calculation. This makes the method a reference method and is therefore predestined for the intended application, in which the long-term stability of the concentration calibration is essential.
  • the parameters of the laser diode that go into the measurement are the curvature of the laser characteristic and the correlation between the laser current and the emission wavelength.
  • the curvature of the laser characteristic is assumed to be parabolic. An on The change in curvature is taken into account in the evaluation and therefore does not influence the measurement result.
  • the change in the correlation between laser current and emission wavelength can be recalibrated at any time by measuring the oxygen spectrum at different temperatures.
  • oxygen absorption can always be identified without any doubt. This enables the system to check itself. As long as the absorption is measured, it is ensured that the laser wavelength is correct and that the complete evaluation electronics and software work correctly. If no oxygen is expected in the measuring cell, a reference path can be created by beam splitting, in which a reference cell with oxygen is attached. A photo detector in the reference branch then records the spectrum. The evaluation is carried out as in the present case. No moving parts are required. This means that there is no mechanical wear and tear and no influence from vibrations and accelerations.
  • the process of laser spectroscopy for the detection of oxygen fulfills the requirements for use on egg aircraft tank. Certain features stand out.
  • the feature of self-checking is very important, so that it can be determined automatically at any time whether the current measurement is correct or not. This is based on the fact that a predetermined so-called signature, that is to say an absorption spectrum of the oxygen line, must be present at all times and has sufficient features for unambiguous identification of the measurement gas spectrum.
  • FIG. 1 shows in detail a tank 1 that has been partially broken open and is surrounded by a tank wall 2.
  • the parts of the absorption measurement section placed within the tank volume, the reflector 5 and a holder (not shown) can be clearly separated from the components of the absorption measurement section positioned outside the tank volume, which have an electrical power supply.
  • the window 3 becomes part of the tank wall 2.
  • Sensor electronics 4, which is also externally attached and is also insulated from the tank, is connected to the absorption measuring section via electrical connections 9.
  • prepared measurement signals can be transmitted to the outside.
  • the sufficient length 11 of the absorption measurement section is approximately 2 ⁇ 5 cm, taking into account the double passage of the light beams.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the oxygen monitor with a design that enables the sensor to be installed perpendicular to the tank wall 2.
  • the transmitter is guided perpendicular to the tank wall 2 through it and clamped or screwed in.
  • the reflector 5 together with the electrically connected components of the laser diode 6, the photodiode 7 and the temperature sensor 8, represents the absorption measurement path, the window 3 representing a dividing line between the internal and external components.
  • the window 3 is in turn a replacement for the tank wall 2.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif servant à la surveillance de la concentration en oxygène dans un réservoir d'aéronef, qui comprend une section de mesure d'absorption pourvue d'un laser/d'une diode laser (6), d'une photodiode (7), d'un capteur de température (8) et d'un réflecteur (5) pour la spectroscopie laser effectuée sur un volume de gaz à mesurer se trouvant à l'intérieur du réservoir. Les composants de ce dispositif conduisant le courant sont situés à l'extérieur du réservoir et son réflecteur (5) est placé à l'intérieur du réservoir, dans le volume de gaz à mesurer, et lesdits composants et le réflecteur sont couplés optiquement grâce à une fenêtre (3) ménagée dans la paroi (2) du réservoir, la section de mesure d'absorption étant principalement formée dans l'espace où se trouve le gaz à mesurer.
EP04741756A 2003-06-16 2004-06-08 Dispositif et procede pour la surveillance de la concentration en oxygene dans un reservoir d'aeronef Ceased EP1633627A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10327060 2003-06-16
PCT/EP2004/051062 WO2004113169A1 (fr) 2003-06-16 2004-06-08 Dispositif et procede pour la surveillance de la concentration en oxygene dans un reservoir d'aeronef

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1633627A1 true EP1633627A1 (fr) 2006-03-15

Family

ID=33520621

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04741756A Ceased EP1633627A1 (fr) 2003-06-16 2004-06-08 Dispositif et procede pour la surveillance de la concentration en oxygene dans un reservoir d'aeronef

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US7456969B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1633627A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004113169A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7456969B2 (en) 2008-11-25
US20060163483A1 (en) 2006-07-27
WO2004113169A1 (fr) 2004-12-29

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