EP1631393B1 - Procede d'enduction par frittage - Google Patents
Procede d'enduction par frittage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1631393B1 EP1631393B1 EP04733794A EP04733794A EP1631393B1 EP 1631393 B1 EP1631393 B1 EP 1631393B1 EP 04733794 A EP04733794 A EP 04733794A EP 04733794 A EP04733794 A EP 04733794A EP 1631393 B1 EP1631393 B1 EP 1631393B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- workpiece
- heating
- work
- piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
- B05D1/22—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping using fluidised-bed technique
- B05D1/24—Applying particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
- B05D3/0236—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate with ovens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
- B05D3/0272—After-treatment with ovens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for sintering a workpiece and a device suitable for carrying out the method.
- Plastic powders suitable for carrying out such processes are e.g. from DEGUSSA AG, Marl, under the trade name VESTOSINT.
- the sintering coating of a workpiece conventionally proceeds in such a way that the workpiece is first heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the material to be sintered and then brought into contact with the material, which is generally pulverulent.
- the contact takes place at ambient temperatures, which must necessarily be below the melting temperature of the sintered material, so that the workpiece loses heat during contact with the sintered material and finally falls below the melting temperature of the sintered material, whereby the sintering process comes to a standstill.
- the thickness of the layer previously deposited on the workpiece is proportional to the time between the beginning of the contact with the sintering material and the time at which the melting temperature thereof is undershot.
- the cooling proceeds faster than with a workpiece with higher material thickness, so that in order to achieve equal layer thicknesses on workpieces with different material thicknesses, the temperatures must be different, to which the workpieces are heated before they are brought into contact with the sintered material.
- sintered coatings having a desired coating thickness can thus be achieved by suitably selecting the temperature at which workpieces are brought into contact with the sintered material.
- shock-heating methods have been proposed in which the heating of the workpiece is stopped before it has reached a homogeneous temperature distribution.
- portions of the workpiece having a low surface-related heat capacity have a higher temperature than those having a low surface-related heat capacity, so that the time periods until cooling below the melting temperature and thus the resulting layer thicknesses become approximately the same for both sections.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device which allow the production of sintered layers of high quality and homogeneous thickness on workpieces having sections with different surface-related heat capacities.
- this object can be attained by precedent to conventional preheating of a step of preheating the workpiece, wherein the preheating conditions are selected so as to bring it to a temperature between the melting temperature of the workpiece as it continues to act on the workpiece Coating material and the temperature that would reach the workpiece if it were constantly exposed to the conditions of shock heating.
- the effectiveness of the method is based on reducing the high temperature gradient between the surface and the inside of a high surface heat capacity portion present in the conventional shock heating by the preheating step, and thereby the importance of internal temperature compensation within the workpiece is reduced for the cooling of its surface. While in the simple shock heating without preheating depressed surface regions of the workpiece, especially at a boundary between sections of different surface heat capacity take relatively little heat due to their protected position and accordingly cool quickly during coating, such areas retain in the inventive method by preheating suitable for sintering Temperature longer, so that even in these problem areas, a layer of good quality arises.
- Both the preheating and the Schockerhitzen done preferably by introducing the workpiece in each case a heat bath, in particular in the form of a furnace.
- the residence time of the workpiece in the second heat bath, ie the preheating step, should preferably take longer than the stay in the first heat bath, ie the shock heating.
- these different residence times are preferably realized in that the expansion of the preheating furnace along a conveyor line for workpieces to be coated is greater than that of the oven for Schockerhitzen.
- a rough surface may result in a final phase due to incomplete melting of the sintered material.
- the application of the sintered material to the workpiece is preferably carried out by introducing the heated workpiece into the sintered material in a fluidized state.
- a polyamide powder such as the already mentioned VESTOSINT powder is suitable. This has a melting point of 176 ° C; therefore, a temperature of the second heat bath between 240 and 340 ° C is suitable for preheating; For shock heating, a temperature of the first heat bath between 390 and 420 ° C is preferred.
- Shock heating is conveniently stopped when the higher surface heat capacity section has reached an average temperature selected in a range between 300 and 370 ° C.
- the specific temperature selected depends on the ratio of the surface-related heat capacities; the more different they are, the lower the quenching temperature must be selected in order to ensure equal layer thicknesses on the different sections of the workpiece.
- a preferred application of the method according to the invention is the coating of a heat exchanger, in particular a condenser for a refrigerator, wherein the portion with high surface-related heat capacity is a pipe for a heat transfer fluid and the portion with low surface-related heat capacity is a wire attached to the pipe.
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a section of a known condenser in wire-tube construction for a refrigerator, to which the coating method of the invention is advantageously applicable.
- Such an evaporator is basically composed of two different types of elements, a zigzag-shaped bent steel pipe 1 and a plurality of wires 2, which are respectively arranged transversely to rectilinear portions of the steel pipe 1 and connect them together.
- the wires 2 thus serve simultaneously to stiffen the evaporator and to increase its heat-exchanging surface.
- the steel pipe 1 typically has an outer diameter of 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.
- the wires 2 are solid with a typical diameter of 1.6 mm.
- the wires 2 are fixed to the steel pipe 1 by spot welding, soldering or other suitable techniques, wherein in the contact region 3 between pipe 1 and wire 2 narrow, difficult to reach angle 4 arise.
- the amount of material per unit of surface area of tube 1 is significantly greater than that of the wires 2, namely by a factor of about 2.5 in the dimensions chosen here. Accordingly, the heat capacity per surface unit in the wires 2 is significantly lower than in the tube 1, so that the former heat up much faster in a heat bath than the latter.
- a highly schematically illustrated coating device comprises a conveying device 5, on which groups of a plurality of heat exchangers 6 can be fastened.
- the groups of heat exchangers 6 are conveyed by stepwise movements of the conveyor 5 through the coating apparatus, wherein the time intervals between successive conveyor steps may be, for example, 20 to 40 seconds.
- the heat exchangers 6 first pass through a preheating oven 7, which is held by a preheating burner 8 at a fixed temperature between 200 and 340 ° C., in this case at 240 ° C.
- the length of the preheating furnace 7 is chosen so that two groups of heat exchangers fit in or two conveying steps are required to convey a group through the preheating furnace 7.
- the preheating furnace 7 is immediately followed by a shock-heating furnace 9, which is held by a further burner 10 at a temperature between 390 and 420 ° C.
- the two furnaces 7, 9 may be delimited from one another by a lock 15 indicated in the figure as a dashed line; however, this is not mandatory.
- the shock-heating furnace 9 accommodates a group of heat exchangers 6; Their residence time in the furnace 9 therefore corresponds to the time span between two conveying steps of the conveyor 5.
- a fluidized bed 11 containing fluidized polyamide powder is provided.
- the conveyor 5 has actuators (not shown) for lowering a group of heat exchangers 6 into the fluidized bed 11 and for re-lifting the group.
- the fluidized bed 11 provides space for a group of heat exchangers 6, so that the maximum residence time of the heat exchangers therein corresponds to the time interval between two conveying steps of the conveyor 5.
- the actual residence time in the fluidized bed 11, however, can be arbitrarily shortened by the heat exchangers 6 are lifted out of the fluidized bed 11 at an arbitrarily selectable time between two delivery steps of the conveyor 5.
- the provided in the fluidized bed 11 with a polyamide coating heat exchanger 6 finally reach a Nachmoreofen 12, in which they are heated again to a temperature above the melting temperature of the polyamide powder.
- the Nachmoreofen 12 is held for this purpose by a burner 13 at a temperature of 240 ° C.
- This Nachmoreofen 12 serves to improve the quality of the deposited on the heat exchangers 6 polyamide layers. These may in fact have a certain roughness at their exit from the fluidized bed 11, which is due to the fact that towards the end of the deposition of the sintered material on the heat exchangers, the temperature may have fallen so far that it is no longer sufficient for complete melting of the sintered grains.
- the post-heating oven 12 accommodates two groups of heat exchangers 6, so that two steps of the conveyor 3 are required to convey the heat exchangers 6 through the post-heating oven 12.
- a plunge pool 14 is still provided, in which the finished coated heat exchanger 6 are quenched.
- Fig. 3 shows the time course of the surface temperatures of wires and tube of a heat exchanger 6 on its way through the furnaces 7 and 9.
- the temperature in the interior is 240 ° C. ; the temperature of the wires 2, represented by a curve 16, approaches this value faster than the temperature of the pipe 1 represented by a curve 17.
- the temperature of the wires is nearly equalized after 60 s with about 220 ° C; the tube is at about 170 ° C, much lower.
Landscapes
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Claims (14)
- Procédé d'enduction par frittage d'une pièce (6) qui est formée d'au moins deux parties (1, 2) avec une capacité thermique spécifique à la surface différente, comprenant une étape de réchauffement par choc de la pièce (6) dans des conditions qui amènent la pièce (6) à une première température dans le cas d'un effet permanent sur la pièce, et qui se termine avant que la température de la partie (1) avec la capacité thermique spécifique à la surface plus grande s'adapte à cette première température, et l'étape consécutive d'application du matériau de frittage sur la pièce (6), caractérisé en ce que le réchauffement par choc est précédé d'une étape de préchauffage de la pièce (6) dans des conditions qui, en cas d'effet continu sur la pièce (6), l'amènent à une seconde température entre la température de fusion du matériau de revêtement et la première température.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape du réchauffement par choc comporte l'introduction de la pièce (6) dans un premier bain de chaleur avec la première température.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'étape du préchauffage comporte l'introduction de la pièce (6) dans un second bain de chaleur (7) avec la seconde température.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce le temps de séjour de la pièce (6) dans le second bain de chaleur (7) est plus long que dans le premier bain de chaleur (9).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'application du matériau de frittage est suivie d'une étape de réchauffement complémentaire au moins de la surface de la pièce (6) jusqu'à au moins la température de fusion du matériau d'enduction.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'application du matériau de frittage s'effectue par l'introduction de la pièce (6) réchauffée dans le matériau de frittage fluidisé.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de frittage est une poudre de polyamide.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la température du second bain de chaleur (7) se situe entre 200 et 340°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la température du premier bain de chaleur (9) se situe entre 390 et 420°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8 et la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le réchauffement par choc est interrompu lorsque la partie (1) présentant la capacité thermique spécifique à la surface supérieure a atteint une température moyenne choisie dans une plage comprise entre 300 et 370°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce est un échangeur de chaleur, la partie présentant la capacité thermique spécifique à la surface élevée est une conduite (1) et la partie présentant la capacité thermique spécifique à la surface faible est un fil (2) fixé sur la conduite.
- Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur est un condenseur pour un appareil frigorifique.
- Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant respectivement un four (7, 9) pour la mise en oeuvre du préchauffage et du réchauffement par choc et un lit fluidisé (11) pour la réalisation de l'enduction, qui est disposé sur un tronçon de transport (5) pour des pièces (6) à enduire après les fours (7, 9).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la dilatation du four pour le préchauffage (7) le long du tronçon de transport (5) est supérieure à celle du four pour le réchauffement par choc (9).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10322678A DE10322678A1 (de) | 2003-05-20 | 2003-05-20 | Verfahren zur Sinterbeschichtung |
PCT/EP2004/005442 WO2004103579A1 (fr) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-05-19 | Procede d'enduction par frittage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1631393A1 EP1631393A1 (fr) | 2006-03-08 |
EP1631393B1 true EP1631393B1 (fr) | 2009-03-18 |
Family
ID=33441016
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04733794A Expired - Lifetime EP1631393B1 (fr) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-05-19 | Procede d'enduction par frittage |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7790224B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1631393B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100500305C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE425816T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE10322678A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2322810T3 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2335349C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004103579A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6292315B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-20 | 2018-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 塗装乾燥装置及び塗装乾燥方法 |
CN108273711A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-07-13 | 青岛乙顺铁塑制品有限公司 | 一种沾塑机 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3028251A (en) * | 1956-11-20 | 1962-04-03 | Polymer Corp | Method of coating an article with a powdered resin composition and method of making the composition |
US2974060A (en) * | 1958-07-18 | 1961-03-07 | Polymer Corp | Fluidized bed coating method |
US3479200A (en) * | 1965-03-12 | 1969-11-18 | Western Electric Co | Method of and apparatus for coating articles |
FR2638466B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-03 | 1993-05-07 | Atochem | Procede pour revetir des substrats metalliques a l'aide d'un primaire en poudre et d'un revetement superficiel applique par trempage, compositions de primaire en poudre utilisees et materiaux composites obtenus |
DE19624071A1 (de) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-18 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von bahnförmigen metallbeschichteten Folien |
US6537610B1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-25 | Springco Metal Coating, Inc. | Method for providing a dual-layer coating on an automotive suspension product |
-
2003
- 2003-05-20 DE DE10322678A patent/DE10322678A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-19 US US10/557,393 patent/US7790224B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-19 DE DE502004009179T patent/DE502004009179D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-19 ES ES04733794T patent/ES2322810T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-19 AT AT04733794T patent/ATE425816T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-19 EP EP04733794A patent/EP1631393B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-19 CN CNB2004800208396A patent/CN100500305C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-19 RU RU2005135736/11A patent/RU2335349C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-19 WO PCT/EP2004/005442 patent/WO2004103579A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2005135736A (ru) | 2006-07-10 |
ATE425816T1 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
CN100500305C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
DE10322678A1 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
DE502004009179D1 (de) | 2009-04-30 |
CN1826184A (zh) | 2006-08-30 |
RU2335349C2 (ru) | 2008-10-10 |
US20070062616A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
EP1631393A1 (fr) | 2006-03-08 |
ES2322810T3 (es) | 2009-06-29 |
US7790224B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
WO2004103579A1 (fr) | 2004-12-02 |
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