EP1611261A2

EP1611261A2 - Annealing frame

Info

Publication number: EP1611261A2
Application number: EP04724567A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Scheffler; Gerd Faymonville; Helmuth Packes
Original assignee: Otto Junker GmbH
Current assignee: Otto Junker GmbH
Priority date: 2003-04-03
Filing date: 2004-03-31
Publication date: 2006-01-04
Also published as: MXPA03004193A; CN1768153A; DE10315354A1; WO2004087969A2; US7790100B2; WO2004087969A3; JP4884208B2; US20070267788A1; BRPI0409145A; CN100392119C; JP2006522219A

Abstract

Disclosed is an annealing frame, especially for conveying molded aluminum parts during a heat treatment process. The invention is characterized in that said annealing frame comprises at least one annealing frame element (1) that is provided with at least one annealing basket (13) which can be placed therein and can be adapted to the annealing material. Annealing material having the most different shapes can be accommodated in a non-tipping and slip-proof manner in said annealing basket (13) while being conveyed during the thermal treatment process.

Description

Glühgestell

description

The invention relates to a glow rack, in particular for the transport of cast aluminum parts in the heat treatment process.

Annealing racks for the transport of annealing material through an annealing furnace and also for quenching the annealing material in quenching liquid are exposed to large temperature fluctuations and local temperature differences, so that they suffer high thermal stresses. When an annealing rack filled with annealing material enters an oven, the upper edge of the annealing rack first heats up, while the side walls and the bottom are initially kept cold by the annealing material. Due to the different heating, the glow rack is warped and broken.

From DE 198 304 85 A1 a method is known for annealing and flushing inside of copper tube coils, the copper tube coils being arranged in annealing racks stacked one above the other when passing through an annealing furnace. The annealing frames can be stacked and unstacked fully automatically. Detachable connections between individual parts of the glow racks are not mentioned. With fixed connections, there is a risk of permanent bending, in the worst case even a break. There is no provision for securing the annealing material in the annealing rack. When the annealing rack is bent, the annealing material can thus shift or even tip over.

From DE 344 45 07 C2 a transport basket for annealing material in roller hearth furnaces is known with a multi-part base made of several grids lying side by side, which are articulated with little angular mobility by means of bolts and with end and side walls that are rigidly movable with the floor and with each other are connected by profile brackets. This transport basket is placed directly on the hearth rolls and taken away by them.

The disadvantage of this is that the annealing material in such transport baskets can shift or tip over during transport and be damaged in the process. The side panels are firmly connected to the gratings, in particular welded. In this area, permanent bending or breakage may occur. This can also cause the annealing material to shift or tip over. Transport baskets bent in this way cannot be stacked. Such a stacking is also not provided.

The invention is therefore based on the object of designing an annealing rack of the type mentioned, in particular for the transport of cast aluminum parts in the heat treatment process, in such a way that annealing material of the most varied shape is stored in it in a tilt-proof and non-slip manner during transportation.

The object is achieved in a glow rack of the type mentioned at the outset in that it is constructed from at least one glow rack element with at least one glow basket which can be placed therein and can be adapted to the annealing material.

By dividing the glow rack into glow rack element (s) on the one hand and glow basket / glow baskets on the other hand, good to be glowed can be safely inserted into the glow basket and then placed with it in the glow rack element. For heavier goods, the basket is first placed in the glow rack element and then filled. It is also conceivable to use two or more glow baskets per glow rack element.

The above-mentioned division into two makes it possible to produce the glow rack element from a very stable material in a simple basic shape. The incandescent baskets are then to be individually designed for safe transport while avoiding moving or tipping over of the annealing material for the product to be transported. A less stable material can be selected for them than for the glow frame elements. An annealing article, which is composed of several annealing frame elements, can thus accommodate annealing baskets of various designs for the safe transportation of annealing materials of various designs for an annealing process that takes place simultaneously or in succession.

Preferred forms of training are taken into account in the subclaims. The glow rack according to the invention can be designed such that the glow rack elements can be stacked one above the other. As a result, the height of the glow rock can be based on the quantity of the material to be glowed.

Furthermore, the glow rack according to the invention can be designed in such a way that each glow rack element has at least one support and corner supports protruding upwards from the corners of the support. A centering aid, in particular a cone-cone connection, is conceivable for the stacking of the glow rack elements, the end of the corner supports which is remote from the mounting surface being provided as a cone and the end located on the support being provided with a receiving cone. This enables safe stacking and unstacking. In addition, the stacked glow frame elements are prevented from slipping and falling under dynamic loads during transport.

The floor can of course also be made in several parts. It can then be assembled depending on the space required. The floor can have a closed surface, but rust-shaped or frame-shaped floors are preferred. Perforated hollow profiles are preferably used for the frame.

In a further embodiment, the corner supports can be connected to the support and / or to one another by means of frame struts in at least one of the glow rack elements. The frame struts stabilize the corner supports and can prevent the glow basket from slipping. The frame struts can e.g. B. be flat iron.

In a further embodiment of the incandescent frame according to the invention, the support, the corner supports and optionally the frame struts of the incandescent frame element are detachable, in particular connected to one another by plug connections. Due to the detachable connections, all dynamic and thermal loads arising during transport through the annealing furnace can be absorbed without causing permanent deformation. For this purpose, the connections are preferably with a small spike! perform. After quenching in a water bath, it does not happen a permanent distortion of the glow frame elements. The glow fabric element according to the invention is therefore suitable for frequent running through the heat treatment process. The individual components can be easily replaced. Storage costs are reduced because the dismantled glow frame elements and individual spare parts can be stored flat together.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the glow rack according to the invention is designed such that at least one of the glow article elements is provided with means for releasably fixing the glow basket. This prevents or reduces slippage of the glow basket on the support of the glow rack element, particularly in the case of strong dynamic loads. In particular, depressions are conceivable in the support of the respective glow rack element, into which legs of the basket base or the glow basket with its entire base surface can then be placed.

Furthermore, the glow rack according to the invention can have a glow basket in which the basket base is formed with basket supports protruding upwards. The components to be glowed are placed on the basket floor. The basket supports support the components somewhat. Depending on the shape and number of components, they can be arranged anywhere on the basket base. The basket supports are preferably hollow profiles, in particular perforated hollow profiles. The basket base can be made of perforated hollow profiles and z. B. be frame or rust-shaped.

The glow rack according to the invention can also have basket struts, with the basket supports in at least one of the glow baskets being connected to the basket base and / or to one another by means of the basket struts. The basket base and the basket supports and optionally the basket struts can be detachably connected, in particular by plug connections. The connections of the basket floor, basket supports and possibly basket struts should preferably be carried out with little play. This prevents permanent distortion in the heat treatment process. The basket struts not only stabilize the basket supports, they can also support the components to be glowed. They can also be used in different ways depending on their needs Places are attached. The basket struts are preferably made of flat iron or perforated hollow profiles.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the glow rack according to the invention that wire brackets are releasably attached to the basket base and / or the basket supports and / or the basket struts. This wire bracket can in particular be inserted and / or screwed. These wire brackets are ideal for particularly complex aluminum components, such as those used in the automotive industry. The individual

Annealing material can be easily removed during the automatic loading and unloading process because it is centered by the wire bracket. The wire bracket can be pre-made

Bores are inserted into the basket bottom and / or the basket supports and / or the basket struts, for safety they can also be fixed with a nut.

The wire clips generally only perform a centering function, whereas the other parts of the glow basket should be made more stable. The glow rack element should be the most robust.

Finally, it can be provided that in the glow rack according to the invention at least one of the glow baskets is provided with a center for releasable fixing to the glow rack. The glow basket can thus simply be attached to the glow rack element and detached again.

The invention is illustrated by the following training example.

Show it

1: a front view of an embodiment of a glow frame element according to the invention.

FIG. 2: a side view of the glow rack element according to FIG. 1.

3: a top view of the glow rack element according to FIG. 1.

4: a front view of the glow rack element according to FIG. 1 with the glow basket inserted. 5: a side view of the glow rack element according to FIG. 2 with the glow basket inserted.

6: a top view of the glow rack element according to FIG. 3 with the glow basket inserted.

Fig. 7: a detailed view w of the plug-in connections basket strut / basket support of the glow basket

Fig. 8: a detailed view x of the plug-in connection of the support profiles / corner support of the glow element.

Fig. 9: a detailed view y of the pluggable and screwable connection of the wire bracket with the glow basket

10: a detailed view z of the plug-in connection of the glow rack element / glow basket.

Figures 1-3 show a glow rack element 1 in front and side view and top view.

1 shows a short, horizontal, hollow support profile 2 as part of the support 3, which has a multiplicity of bores 4 and is connected to corner supports 6 via frame struts 5. All the hollow profiles used in the annealing rack, ie annealing rack elements and baskets, are preferably those with high moments of inertia. In addition, all hollow profiles with the same wall thickness are preferably selected in order to avoid different temperature profiles during the quenching process. Only some of the holes 4 are provided with reference numerals. Due to the inclined frame struts 5, accelerations and inertial forces can be better absorbed. The corner supports 6 are connected at their lower end to the support 3 and have a centering tip 7 at their upper end. When stacking a plurality of glow element elements 1 one above the other, the centering tips 7 of the respectively lower glow element elements 1 engage in corresponding bulges of the support 3 of the respective upper one Glow rack element 1 a. These bulges are not shown. The centering aids 7 enable safe stacking and unstacking. In the event of dynamic loads during transport, the stacked glow frame elements 1 are prevented from slipping and falling.

A transport switching flag 8 in the form of an elongated plate is arranged between two corner supports 6. This transport switching flag 8 is also detachably fastened with bolts and split pins. It is detected by light barriers, not shown, and on the basis of this, the position of the glow rack for the process control is detected. For the precise identification of an annealing frame, an identification switch flag 17 is attached to one of the corner supports 6, from which details of each of the individual annealing frames or the annealing material transported therein can be read. The function of the positioning profile 9 shown is explained below in FIG. 3.

The side view of FIG. 2 shows a long horizontal support profile 10 with holes 11 as part of the support 3 as well as frame struts 5 and corner supports 6 with centering aids 7. The long support profile 10 has a greater height than the short support profile 2. Only a few of the bores 11 are provided with reference numerals.

The structure of the support 3 with two short support profiles 2 and two long support profiles 10 can be seen in the plan view according to FIG. 3. Only some of the holes 4 and 11 are marked with reference numerals, in the four corners of the support 3 are the four corner supports 6 with centering aids 7. The long support profiles 10 are about the positioning professional! 9 connected to each other. The positioning profile 9 has three square holes 12. As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 10, the basket supports 18 are inserted into these square bores 12. Further explanations follow in the corresponding figure descriptions.

Figures 4 to 6 correspond to Figures 1 to 3. They also have a glow basket 13 which is inserted into a glow rack element 1. The basket floor 14 consists of two short floor profiles 15, which are arranged in parallel at a distance from one another and between which four long floor profiles 16 are arranged. The long ^"floor sections 16 are situated on the shorter Aufiageprofiien 2 and the positioning profile 9. DA- The positioning profile 9 not only serves to support the glow basket 13. The three square bores 12 also allow three basket supports 18 to be passed through the glow basket 13. These basket supports 18 and the positioning profile 9 are designed as hollow profiles. The basket supports 18 are in by gravity alone

5 fixed the square holes 12. The glow basket 13 can be easily lifted out of the glow rack element 1 after the heat treatment process. Basket supports 18 projecting upwards are arranged on the basket base 14. The basket supports 18 are connected to one another via basket struts 19, the long basket struts 19 covering the long base profiles 16 in the plan view according to FIG. 6.

.0

Since both the support 3, the corner supports 6 as well as the frame struts 5 of the glow plug elements 1 and the basket base 14, the basket supports 18 and the basket struts 19 of the glow basket 13 are either made from frequently perforated hollow profiles of the same wall thickness or from flat iron, the annealed material can be produced at quenching

: 5 can be cooled quickly and evenly. The flat irons cool down quickly when they come into contact with cooling water and, due to the large number of holes in the hollow profiles, the cooling liquid, mostly water, can also quickly penetrate into the hollow profiles. The choice of the same wall thickness promotes even cooling.

^» O The wire bracket shown is discussed in more detail in FIG. 9.

With the plug connections or screw connections, each part can be replaced individually if necessary. No complete glow rack elements 1 need to be stored. A small supply is completely sufficient, but when it is disassembled ^» 5 it only takes up a small amount of space.

The detail w from FIG. 6 is shown enlarged in FIG. 7. The plug connection of three parts of the glow basket 13 can be seen here. This plug connection detachably connects a short floor profile 15 with a long basket strut 19 ⁽ 0) running perpendicularly thereto and also with a basket support 18 projecting vertically upwards from the basket bottom 14. For this purpose, the short floor profiles 15 have a rectangular bore 20 into which the basket support 18 which projects upwards is inserted with its lower end with play. This basket support 18 is drilled through above its insertion area and the long basket strut 19 is inserted through this hole with play. This long basket strut 19 thus lies on the short floor profile 15. The long basket strut 19 is secured at its inserted end with a split pin 21 with play. The three parts of the glow basket are therefore equipped with a certain mobility when plugged together, so that the stability of the basket is not adversely affected and the basket can handle stresses during heat treatment and dynamic loads.

The detail x from FIG. 1 is shown enlarged in FIG. 8. The plug connection of three parts of the glow frame element can be seen here.

With this plug connection, a long support profile 10 is detachably connected to a short support profile 2 of the support 3 and with a corner support 6. Each of the three parts is oriented perpendicular to the other two parts.

The long support profile 10 is formed with a greater height than the short support profile 2. However, the long support profile 10 has a first bore 22 in the area of its one end at a distance from it on the side facing the interior of the support 3, into which a hole short support profile 2 is inserted.

The long support profile 10 has a second bore 23 in the area of one end, but at a distance from it. This second bore 23 is made on the upper surface of the long support profile 10. The basket support 6 is inserted through this second bore 23. It comes to rest on the short support profile 2, which is also inserted, with its lower end.

In the area of the lower end of the corner support 6, but at a distance from this end, two opposing securing bores 24 and 24 'are arranged. At the same height, the long support profile 10 also has a securing bore 25 and 25 'on both sides. The securing bores 24, 24 'and 25, 25' in the long gene support profile 10 and in the corner support 6 are arranged in alignment. Through these securing bores 24, 24 ', 25 and 25', a securing bolt 26 is inserted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the inserted short support profile 2. The securing bolt 26 is secured with a split pin 27.

The strut bolt 28 with strut spin 29 serves to releasably connect a frame strut 5 with the long support profile 10 and the corner support 6. The support profiles 2 and 10, the corner support 6 and the frame strut 5 are secured with spies by the securing bolts 26 and strut bolts 28 with associated split pins 27 and 29.

The detail y from FIG. 6 is shown enlarged in FIG. 9. The plug-in and screw connection of wire brackets 30 on a long bottom profile 16 of the basket bottom 14 can be seen here. The wire brackets 30 shown are inserted or pushed through in bores of the long bottom profile 16. The inserted wire clips 30 are at the free ends of the wire clips! 30 screwed with self-locking nuts 31. The wire clips 30 are specially shaped. They serve to center aluminum parts during the automatic loading and unloading process. The wire clips 30 are adapted to the respective aluminum component to be held. The aluminum component is not shown.

The detail z from FIG. 4 is shown enlarged in FIG. 10. A plug connection for fixing a glow basket 13 to the glow rack element 1 can be seen here.

For this purpose, the positioning profile 9 of the glow rack element is provided with two mutually opposite square bores 12 on its top and bottom sides in such a way that a basket support 1 of a glow basket 13 can be pushed through. The basket support 18 of the glow basket 13 is designed as a vertical hollow profile, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the two bores 2. In the inserted state, areas of the basket base 14 rest directly on the upper side of the positioning profile 9.

The use of the low-warpage glow molded part according to the invention will be explained below using an example: The glow baskets are filled with the material to be treated, in particular aluminum castings for the automotive sector. The assembly is usually automatic. For this purpose, the baskets are already in the glow rack element or are lifted into them after assembly. Baskets are generally used that are self-supporting only when empty, but not with the annealing material inserted. The wire bracket can also be used to fix annealing material with very complicated geometries. The advantage of this division into two parts is that these baskets can be easily adapted to the components and the simply designed, stable glow frame elements take on the supporting function. After such an automatic stacking of several glow rack elements, the glow rack is moved into the furnace by means of transport rollers or transport chains. For this purpose, the incandescent frame has an at least largely flat underside. The goods are now annealed in the furnace. They are then immersed in a quenching basin filled with water, then removed from the basin and made available for further treatment. The individual treatment stages in the furnace and then in the quenching basin are automated in such a way that automatic detection units determine the respective position of the annealing rack and gripping units can access them precisely. The glow rack must not show any deformations so that these positions can be correctly recorded.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. Glow frame element 19. Long basket strut

2. Short Aufiageprofile the edition 3 20. rectangular hole in the short bottom profile 15

3rd support of the glow frame element 1 21. Splint for long floor profile 16

4. Short edition holes22. first hole in the long support profile 2 profile 10

5. Frame strut 23. Second hole in the long support profile 10

6. Corner support

24. Securing hole in the corner

Centering support 6

8.Transport switch lug 24 'securing hole in the corner support 6

9. Positioning profile

25th safety hole in the long

10.Long support profile of the support 3 support profile 10

11. Holes in the long support profile 25 '. Securing hole in the long 10 support profile 10

12. square holes in Posi26. Locking pin tioning profile 9

27. Split pin

13. Glow basket

28. Buttress bolt

14. Basket floor

29. Buttress cotter pin

15. short floor profiles

30. Wire bracket

16. long floor profiles

31.Mother

17. Identification flag

18. Basket supports

Claims

claims

1. annealing rack, in particular for the transport of aluminum castings in the heat treatment process, characterized in that it is constructed from at least one annealing rack element (1) with at least one annealing basket (13) that can be placed therein and can be adapted to the annealing material.

2. incandescent frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the incandescent frame elements (1) are stackable one above the other.

3. annealing rack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each annealing rack element (1) has at least one support (3) and from the corners of the support upwardly projecting corner supports (6).

4. Glow rack according to claim 3, characterized in that in at least one of the glow rack elements (1) the corner supports (6) are connected to the support (3) and / or to one another by means of frame struts (5).

5. incandescent frame according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the support (3), corner supports (6) and optionally frame struts (5) of the incandescent frame element (1) are detachably connected, in particular by plug connections.

6. Glow rack according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the support (3), the corner supports (6) and optionally the frame struts (5) of the glow rack element (1) are connected to one another with play.

7. Glow rack according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the glow rack elements (1) is provided with a center for releasably fixing the glow basket (13).

8. Glow rack according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glow basket (13) has a basket base (14) with upwardly projecting basket supports (18).

9. Glow rack according to claim 8, characterized in that in at least one of the glow baskets (13) the basket supports (18) are connected to the basket base (14) and / or to one another by means of basket struts (19).

10. annealing rack according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the basket base (14), the basket supports (18) and optionally basket struts (19) of the annealing basket (13) are detachably connected, in particular by plug connections.

11. Glühgesteli according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the basket base (14), the basket supports (18) and optionally the basket struts (19) of the glow basket (13) are connected to one another with play.

12. Glow rack according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that on the basket base (14) and / or the basket supports (18) and / or the basket struts (19) wire bracket (30) releasably attachable, in particular insertable and / or screwed are.

13. Glow rack according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the glow baskets (13) is provided with a center for releasable fixing to the glow rack element (1).