EP1607186A1 - Elektropneumatischer Bohr-/Meisselhammer mit veränderbarer Schlagenergie - Google Patents
Elektropneumatischer Bohr-/Meisselhammer mit veränderbarer Schlagenergie Download PDFInfo
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- EP1607186A1 EP1607186A1 EP04102795A EP04102795A EP1607186A1 EP 1607186 A1 EP1607186 A1 EP 1607186A1 EP 04102795 A EP04102795 A EP 04102795A EP 04102795 A EP04102795 A EP 04102795A EP 1607186 A1 EP1607186 A1 EP 1607186A1
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- Prior art keywords
- drill
- piston
- impact energy
- hammer according
- guide tube
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
- B25D11/12—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism
- B25D11/125—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism with a fluid cushion between the crank drive and the striking body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D11/005—Arrangements for adjusting the stroke of the impulse member or for stopping the impact action when the tool is lifted from the working surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/221—Sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotary and / or chisel hammer with electropneumatic Schlagtechnik, whose impact energy is changeable.
- a first possibility is the impact energy of the percussion over the Set the speed of the drive motor. This is the case with combi-hammers, for example in chisel mode increases the engine speed to in this mode a to be able to pull maximum power out of the mining equipment. In hammer drill mode In contrast, the power of the engine is divided into about two equal shares.
- DE 34 23 493 recommends C2 for adjusting the impact energy of rotary hammers that on the flying mass acting impact pads by switching on / off of the circumference of a guide cylinder for the flying and percussion piston in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis Manually change distributed equalization holes using a control knob.
- the third possibility is the stroke of the connecting rod of the compression piston for the air spring acting on the air piston via a cycloidal or planetary gear to adjust (see EP 0 063 725 A2).
- the air piston accelerates less strongly. This leads to a lower one Impact energy.
- the adjustment of the Pleuelhubs takes place mechanically by a from the Device user to be operated control handle.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, an electropneumatic impact mechanism for rotary hammers whose single impact energy is in choose a wide frequency range independent of the beat frequency, regulate or can be adjusted so as to achieve an optimal degradation for each substrate.
- This task is performed on a rotary / chisel hammer with electropneumatic Schlagwerk solved in that to change the impact energy according to the invention a sensor device which correlates the single impact energy or a thereto Size recorded and a control device are present, in which the single impact energy corresponding size compared to a target value and a Control value is generated, which is an adjusting device for tracking the single impact energy acted upon the setpoint.
- the electropneumatic hammer mechanism preferably comprises in a guide tube or guide cylinder via a motor-driven connecting rod by a compressor piston, also called exciter piston, compressed air shock pad, here referred to as "air spring”, which is a displaceable flying piston acted upon, and at the output side end of the guide tube through this guided percussion piston or striker, the z. B. via an air pressure cushion ("Pressure pad” below) or directly on a percussion tool acts.
- a compressor piston also called exciter piston, compressed air shock pad, here referred to as "air spring”
- air spring compressed air shock pad
- the sensor device and the regulation of the single impact energy and the Adjusting device for tracking the single impact energy can - as in dependent Claims defined and explained in more detail below - in different Implementation variants be realized.
- the inventive control is an exact compliance with a desired single impact energy regardless of the temperature or the respective Condition of the percussion enabled.
- the single impact energy can in one wide frequency range, regardless of the beat frequency chosen become.
- a low Select impact energy at high beat frequency of, for example, 100 Hz while you often use the maximum for chiselling or hammering concrete Impact energy at a relatively low impact frequency of, for example, 30 to 60 Hz wishes.
- the defined in claim 1 invention thus relates to a electro-pneumatic rotary or chisel hammer with electronic single-stroke control, where the single impact energy or (a) correlated to the single impact energy Size (s) detected by a sensor, in a digital or analogue control be processed and compared with a target size to a manipulated variable for to generate an actuator that controls the single impact energy to the setpoint.
- the controller is a PI controller.
- the sensor may be, for example, a speed sensor, which the Speed of the flying piston detected in the forward and reverse direction.
- the flying piston with circumferential grooves or contrasting, be provided axially successive rings whose temporal Sequence when passing the piston by a on or in the guide tube held Hall sensor, in particular a differential Hall sensor or also an optical sensor can be detected.
- the difference of the kinetic energy in forward and return flight of the flying piston is a measure of the single impact energy.
- the single impact energy control consists in fixed and in one of Practice corresponding operating range freely selectable beat frequency by a controllable valve to change the pressure or a leakage of the air spring or to regulate.
- This valve can be an electromagnetically or piezoelectrically actuated Be a valve. In chisel hammers or rotary hammers, in which the rotational movement that is not transmitted directly through the guide tube Valve attached directly to or in the guide tube to the dead volume to keep small.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an electropneumatic Drill and / or chisel hammer 1, on the opposite of a drive and handle area protruding tool-side end of a tool holder 6 (without inserted Tool shown) is present.
- Mode selector switch 2 Laterally on the outside of only in outline shown device housing 7 is a user to be actuated Mode selector switch 2, via which the hammer drill operation on the one hand or the Chisel operation on the other hand, and optionally other operating modes such as Feinmeisseln and Schweebeleisseln are preselected.
- the selection position of the selector switch 2 is a usually realized in a microcontroller 9 electronic Control and regulation communicated when pressing a manual push button 12 switched by an ON / OFF switch 13 in standby mode or from a symbolized only as a connecting cable 14 power supply is disconnected.
- microcontroller includes both a fully integrated digital or hybrid, e.g. B. as ASIC realized circuit as well as the alternative a built in discrete components circuit arrangement.
- One in his Structure principle known electropneumatic impact mechanism 15 is in the front Part of the device housing 7 installed. This percussion includes one in one only indicated guide tube 16 in the rear region guided exciter pistons 3, via a connecting rod drive 17 when selecting the chisel forward, d. H.
- These changeable leakage 18 may be due to one or more radial openings, so-called Schnauflöcher 19, on the guide tube 16 in the region of the air spring 20th be realized, by one of an actuator 31, for example a Stepper motor, rotatable punching sleeve 32 can be varied with one of the number the Schanuflöscher 19 corresponding number of oblique windows 33 is provided.
- a sensor 11 for example a differential Hall sensor
- the differential speed is a measure of the energy transferred to the striker 5 of a single strike.
- This speed difference signal is fed to the microcontroller 9, the value of the calculated single impact energy as PI control against an energy setpoint value and a control value signal to the actuator 31 supplies, which rotates the hole sleeve 32 accordingly and thereby the or on Circumference of the guide tube 16 formed puff holes 19 releases or closes, So a leakage at the air-shock pad 20 varies.
- the functional block diagram representation of FIG. 2 illustrates the different possibilities for default values of the single impact energy, speed, etc., for the PI controller 34 in the microcontroller 9, which influences, for example, the actuator 31 as an actuator and thus the air spring 20 in the impact mechanism 15.
- the mode selector 2 can - as mentioned - set basic operating instructions, such as hammer drilling, chiselling, Feinmeisseln, Schwebeleisseln, which together with the values of a setpoint generator 25 and optionally with signals from other input sources 26 for speed, current and voltage the default value E should determine for the single impact energy.
- the sensor device 11 supplies to the controller 34 in the microcontroller 9 an actual value of the differential speed, from which the actual value of the kinetic energy E kin of a single stroke is determined, which is against the default value E should be compared.
- the controller 34 supplies a control value G (s) to the valve device 35, which can be realized as a pressure reducing valve or as a passage control valve.
- pressure peaks can be achieved by means of the pressure reducing valve restrict. Any excess pressure will be in the front Pressure pad 21 diverted, creating an additional damping of the flying piston. 4 is reached. The air piston 4 accelerating force then results from the Difference between the pressures at the two ends of the free piston issue.
- the pressure reducing valve the pressure peaks between the exciter piston 3 and the flying piston 4 reduced. The excess pressure is used to increase the static pressure in the front pressure pad 21. In doing so may However, the pressure peaks are only reduced to the extent that it is guaranteed that the excitation piston 3 and the flying piston 4 do not touch.
- the pressure peaks arise from the impulse that is necessary to the direction of movement of the Fly piston 4, as well as the rigidity of the overall system. Unless the Valve device 35 is realized as a passage control valve, the latter is more advantageous connected to an outer chamber.
- ⁇ x denotes the mutual axial distance (structure width or period) of the circumferential grooves 10
- FK denotes the mass of the flying piston.
- the ratio of the return flight velocity v back to the forward velocity v before is called the collision number k. It indicates how much impulse has been absorbed by the processed surface and therefore also says something about the nature of the ground.
- k v reset v in front ⁇ 0.1 ... 0.3
- the air piston velocity is biased by means of two with permanent magnets digital Hall switch 11a and 11b in the sensor 11, d.
- digital Hall switch 11a and 11b in the sensor 11, d.
- a Hall switch is a Hall element whose output is set to logical 1 (or analog at logical 0) as soon as the local field strength exceeds a certain minimum threshold. If you clamp such a Hall switch with a permanent magnet before and sets the threshold accordingly, z. B. at a programmable Hall switch, so this reacts with a logical 1, once a ferromagnetic Body is brought in the vicinity of this sensor, in the case of the invention of the flying pistons 4th
- the digital Hall switches 11a and 11b are arranged at a defined distance .DELTA.s from each other in the front half of the percussion mechanism on the guide tube 16 so that the flying lance 4 in the foremost position of the working position, ie at the time of impact on the backwardly pressed striker. 5 , both Hall switches 11a, 11b covered so that both switch through.
- the flying piston velocity can be determined simply by first guiding both sensor outputs to an XOR gate whose output acts on the counter input of the microcontroller 9. This measures the pulse width of the two rectangular pulses, which are denoted by t 1 and t 2 ; see. Fig. 5.
- a variant provides the measurement of the air piston velocity by means of differential Hall sensors.
- the simplest construction consists of two identical Hall elements, approximately as illustrated in FIG. 4 by references 11a and 11b, which stand next to each other at a small distance and whose outputs are fed to a differential amplifier.
- analog signals are measured, the course of which is qualitatively illustrated in FIG. 6 (top) for the Hall element 11a by the solid curve A and by the dashed curve B for the Hall element 11b.
- This analog signal is converted by means of a comparator (not shown) with a threshold into a digital signal, the qualitative course of which is shown in the center of the diagram of FIG.
- This signal triggers a flip-flop.
- the first pulse sets the flip-flop, the second clears it again.
- rectangular pulses are generated whose width corresponds to the forward speed t 1 and the return speed t 2 of the flying piston 4.
- the width of the peak of the analogue then obtained Signal is a measure of the time that the Aero-piston 4 needs to take this Sensor to move past and thus a measure of the airspeed.
- a somewhat more sophisticated but advantageous method of operation reliability is the use of a Hall sensor array 70 consisting of 2 n digital Hall switches as illustrated in FIG. 7. This makes it possible to determine the position and the speed of the flying piston 4 over the length of the entire sensor. The determination of the air piston velocity corresponds to that already described. If, for the purpose of determining a position of the flying piston 4, the 2 n- Hall switches are converted by an n-fold multiplexer from a 2 n -times parallel signal directly into an n-bit serial signal, then this signal describes the instantaneous position of the flying piston 4.
- FIG. 8A and 8B Another way to measure the free piston velocity in the Figures 8A and 8B is based on the principle of induction.
- the flying mass 4 can be part of a magnetic Circle are understood, consisting of river guidance, if necessary Permanent magnet and coil winding. By the river change it comes to a Stress induction in the coil, especially if the edge of the Flying piston 4 past the coil.
- the amount of induced voltage as well the width of the voltage peak is a measure of the aircraft piston velocity. ever faster the air piston 4 passes, the higher the induced voltage and the shorter the voltage pulse.
- a further embodiment variant of the invention for determining the single impact energy shown in FIG. 9 is based on a measurement according to the LVDT principle.
- a differential linear transformer 80 is used, a so-called LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) transformer, in which the flying mass 4 is a longitudinally displaceable magnetic core acts and thus the coupling between a field winding 81 and sensor windings 82a, 82b changed complementarily.
- Both the drive circuit for the field winding 81 and the sensor windings (not shown) for the sensor windings 82a, 82b supply an analog voltage signal that is proportional to the position of the magnetic core, here realized by the flying mass 4.
- FIG. 1 Another advantageous proven possibility for measuring the position and velocity of the flying piston 4 by means of a distance sensor 90 mounted perpendicular to its direction of movement is illustrated in FIG.
- this solution is based on a travel measurement of the flying piston 4.
- the flying mass 4 between a rear annular seal 91, usually an O-ring or lip seal, and a front leading edge 92 is formed conically decreasing.
- an eddy current sensor or Hall element as a distance sensor 90, which is mounted laterally on the guide tube 16, the distance to the over a substantial portion of its axial length conical lateral surface of the flying piston 4 is measured.
- the flying-piston position x FK (t) can be calculated from this signal. If the distance sensor 90 does not supply a distance-proportional signal, for example in the case of a Hall sensor, then the lateral surface of the flying piston 4 can be designed such that the non-linearity is compensated. In this case too, its position can be determined while the flying piston 4 passes by. By differentiation of the position value, it is thus also possible to measure the flying-piston velocity at the location of the distance sensor 90.
- the particular advantage of this embodiment is that the sign of the speed is maintained. For a simple separation of the signals during forward and backward movement of the flying piston 4 is possible.
- the measuring voltage U (t) is proportional to the position x (t) of the flying piston 4:
- 11 and 12 serve to explain the tracking of the single impact energy via a speed control 27.
- the explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 assemblies are provided with the corresponding reference numerals and will not be described again.
- the determination of the instantaneous single impact energy E S takes place, for example, according to Eq. (2).
- the manipulated variable G (s) generated by the controller 34 in the microcontroller 9 in relation to a default value E soll is applied in this case to the speed control 27, which may likewise be implemented in the microcontroller 9.
- This specifies the rotational speed ⁇ red for a drive motor 41, which can be realized, for example, as a universal motor, SR motor or PLDC motor.
- the set value G (s) for the setpoint speed ⁇ soll provided by the (energy) controller 34 can also be preset by actuation of a changeover switch 51 by means of a pontentiometer 52 which can be actuated via the manual pushbutton 12, if the electropneumatic drill / chisel hammer passes through the Users should be set individually for certain work processes.
- ⁇ of the engine speed target value is ⁇ in a comparator 53 against a tapped at the motor shaft, for example a tacho generator 54 actual rotation set value is compared, and the difference ⁇ reaches the engine controller 50.
- the single impact energy E depends roughly quadratically on the impact frequency f and thus on the engine speed ⁇ red .
- the instantaneous impact energy is measured and compared with the target value.
- This controller 34 calculates the new setpoint ⁇ soll for the speed controller H (s), which may be in simple PI controllers with anti-windup.
- H (s) .DELTA.U ⁇
- This block PE can for Universal motors a simple phase control by means of a triac But it can also be a more complex control for electronically commutated Engines such as brushless DC motors or switched reluctance motors.
- Fig. 13 with the detail of Fig. 14 illustrate one in one Functional design studied variant of the invention for control the single impact energy, preferably at a constant beat frequency, over a controllable leakage in percussion 15 by axial displacement of a sleeve 36th
- This leakage is provided for example by two or four radial openings or bores 71 in the guide tube 16 in the region of the air spring 20.
- Wie 14 reveals the cross sections of the bores 71 behind, so in the direction of the exciter piston 3, gradually from. This can be added axial displacement of the sleeve 36 a continuous cross-sectional change realize the way of the sleeve 36.
- Fig. 13 illustrates a partial Cover of the holes 71.
- the arrangement of FIG. 13 recognize that in this embodiment for Schlagenergieregelung the Speed controller H (s) in the motor control 50 and the (energy) controller G (s) in the Regulation 34 depend on each other and influence each other, so that a Parameter change is possible.
- the controller constants for the energy regulator hang from the operating point of the percussion and thus the beat frequency, so the Speed off.
- These parameters can be stored in the form of look-up tables and depending on the speed used. With heavy energy lowering (i.e. large leakage) the impact mechanism is sensitive to minor disturbances and Changes, and it is the more sensitive, the higher the beat rate. This is taken into account in the controller with adapted controller constants.
- An actuator 56 realized for example as a linear motor, linear stepping motor or Voice coil actuator, shifts the sleeve 36 in the axial direction to change the Leakage 18 via the bore 71 as specified by the energy regulator G (s).
- the perforated sleeve 32 is rotatable, wherein as an actuator 56 a Stepper motor, a torque motor, a DC motor with worm gear or a Helical gear 37 as shown in FIG. 1 in question.
- the rotatable hole sleeve 32nd has the mentioned in connection with Fig. 1 inclined window 33 (with bevelled Frame), resulting in a continuous cross-sectional change of as Schnauflöcher 19 serving holes 71 via the tangential Verfitweg the Perforated sleeve 32 can be realized.
- Fig. 15 are the Quersterrorisme the holes 71 partially open, which is a reduction of the single impact energy equivalent.
- fully open holes 71 is the Schlagwerk deactivated.
- the measuring principle for the determination of the single impact energy is based on the measurement the shock wave in the striker 5 upon impact of the flying piston 4.
- An axial preferably Coil 83 wound around the lower portion of the striker 5 magnetizes the Beater 5 in the axial direction at a certain operating point.
- voltage source or power source - will either be the Voltage or current change caused by momentary magnetic flux changes in the made of a magneto-elastic steel (Ni-containing) made anvil 5 measured due to the magneto-elastic effect.
- this voltage U2 is tapped via a shunt 85; it is proportional to Change of the mechanical stress in the material of the beatpiece 5.
- the shock wave reaches the tip of the tool and generates a high mechanical compressive and tensile stress, which leads to a failure of the substrate lead to the mining of the subsoil.
- the elastic energy of the pulse and thus the single impact energy can be calculated. It is given by the integral of the square of the mechanical stresses.
- shockwave wanders through the striker 5
- its magnetic properties change. This happens within a time of about 50 to 100 ⁇ s.
- a common constant current source acts as a constant voltage source due to inertia.
- a short current change which is proportional to the change in the mechanical stresses in the striker 5, is measured across the shunt 85.
- the voltage or current source 84 is advantageously supported by a large capacitor (not shown) which is not capable of doing so is to compensate for rapid power fluctuations.
- the current change as illustrated in FIG.
- the digitized signal is first numerically integrated in the arithmetic unit 88, then squared and then numerically integrated again over the pulse duration ⁇ (eg 500 ⁇ s) to obtain the single beat energy E S at the output. It is important to ensure a clean triggering and separation of the pulse bursts, in order to separate the first shock pulse clearly from the signals resulting from multiple reflections.
- a trigger signal can be used on the striker 5, the tapped ME signal itself or an additional signal, eg. B. the flying-piston position or recorded on the device housing 7 acceleration (not shown).
- the factor A indicates a gain which depends on the type of ME sensor.
- the pulse duration ⁇ is about 100 to 200 ⁇ s.
- the dynamics of the controller is not determined by the beat frequency certainly. It is not essential to the energy of the individual Single stroke to regulate. Rather, the controller is designed so that, for example within 0.3 to 0.5 seconds the single impact energy to a desired Setpoint adjusted. A higher dynamics is not required in practice. It is important that, for example, the wear-related decrease of the single impact energy can be compensated for without drilling on delicate surfaces, such as marble or granite slabs, a given single impact energy is exceeded, otherwise there is a risk that in To form the material to be machined too long cracks. That's the requirements to the actuators of the controller is not extremely high, so that z. B. for the above-described Leakage change through an adjustable sleeve used a stepper motor can be, for example, a spindle stepping motor.
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Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- die schematische Darstellung eines Bohr-/Meisselhammers, dessen elektropneumatisches Schlagwerk erfindungsgemäß geregelt ist;
- Fig. 2
- eine Funktions-Blockbilddarstellung zur Veranschaulichung der erfindungsgemäßen Regelung der Einzelschlagenergie über unterschiedliche Ventilsteuerungen;
- Fig. 3
- eine Funktionsbilddarstellung für die Einzelschlag-Energieregelung über Ventile;
- Fig. 4
- eine Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung, bei der die Flugkolbengeschwindigkeit mittels zweier durch Permanentmagneten vorgespannter digitaler Hall-Schalter oder differenzieller Hall-Sensoren bestimmt wird;
- Fig. 5
- zwei zeitkorrelierte Signaldiagramme zur Veranschaulichung der Bestimmung der Flugkolbengeschwindigkeit aus den Sensorsignalen zweier digitaler Hall-Schalter;
- Fig. 6
- die zeitkorrelierte Darstellung der Signale zweier differenzieller Hall-Sensoren zur Messung der Fluggeschwindigkeit (oben), den Signalverlauf nach Durchlaufen einer Komparatorschaltung mit Schwelle (Mitte) und des Signalverlaufs am Ausgang einer nachgeschalteten Flip-Flop-Triggerschaltung (unten);
- Fig. 7
- die schematische Darstellung eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, bei dem die Position und Geschwindigkeit eines Flugkolbens mittels eines Hall-Arrays bestimmt werden;
- Fig. 8
- mit Teilfiguren 8A und 8B die schematische Darstellung eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, bei dem die Flugkolbengeschwindigkeit nach dem Prinzip der Induktion bestimmt wird;
- Fig. 9
- die schematische Darstellung eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, bei dem die Flugkolbenposition mittels eines LVD-Transformators bestimmt wird;
- Fig. 10
- die schematische Darstellung eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, bei dem die Flugkolbenposition und die -geschwindigkeit mittels eines Abstandssensors bestimmt werden, der senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Flugkolbens angebracht ist;
- Fig. 11
- eine Funktions-Block-Übersichtdarstellung zur Veranschaulichung der Variation der Einzelschlagenergie eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks über eine Drehzahlregelung;
- Fig. 12
- eine der Übersichtdarstellung nach Fig. 10 entsprechende Blockschaltbild-Anordnung zur Änderung der Einzelschlagenergie eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks über eine Drehzahlregelung;
- Fig. 13
- eine Blockschaltbild-Anordnung für eine Schlagenergieregelung eines elektropnematischen Schlagwerks über eine veränderbare Leckage, wobei sich ein Drehzahlregler und ein Energieregler gegenseitig beeinflussen (können);
- Fig. 14
- eine Detailansicht einer veränderbaren Leckagebohrung im Führungsrohr eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, das entsprechend der Anordnung von Fig. 12 geregelt wird;
- Fig. 15
- eine abgewandelte Ausführungsvariante eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, bei dem die Einzelschlagenergie bei konstanter Schlagfrequenz über eine veränderbare Leckage am Schlagwerk durch tangentiale (rotatorische) Verschiebung einer Hülse bewirkt wird;
- Fig. 16
- die Prinzipdarstellung eines elektropneumatischen Schlagwerks, bei dem die Einzelschlagenergie durch Messung einer Stoßwelle in einem Döpper mittels des magneto-elastischen Effekts (ME-Effekt) erfolgt; und
- Fig. 17
- eine vereinfachte Signalpfadanordnung zur Berechnung der Einzelschlagenergie ES aus dem bei Messung der Stoßwelle im Döpper nach Fig. 15 erhaltenen Sensorsignal.
http://www.analog.com/Uploaded Files/Data_Sheets/34397787AD698_b.pdf
http://www.analog.com/Uploaded Files/Data_Sheets/82602395AD598_a.pdf
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/acrobat/datasheets/NE552_SA5521_3.pdf
u(t): gemessene Spannung
Claims (20)
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer mit elektropneumatischem Schlagwerk, dessen Schlagenergie veränderbar ist,
gekennzeichnet durcheine Sensoreinrichtung (10, 11; 11a, 11b), welche eine zur auf einen abzubauenden Untergrund übertragenen Einzelschlagenergie korrelierte Größe erfasst;eine Regeleinrichtung (9, 34), in welche die der Einzelschlagenergie entsprechende Größe gegen einen Sollwert (Esoll) verglichen und ein Stellwert (G(s)) generiert wird, undeine durch den Stellwert beaufschlagten Aktuator (7) zur Nachführung der Einzelschlagenergie auf den Sollwert. - Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 1, dessen elektropneumatisches Schlagwerk einen in einem Führungsrohr (16) durch einen elektromotorisch angetriebenen Erregerkolben (3) über eine antriebsseitige Luftfeder (20) verschieblichen Flugkolben (4) und einen am abtriebsseitigen Ende des Führungsrohrs (16) vorhandenen Döpper (5) aufweist, der über ein Luft-Druckpolster (21), durch den Flugkolben (4) angetrieben, auf ein Schlagwerkzeug wirkt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassdie Sensoreinrichtung (11) die Momentanposition und/oder die Geschwindigkeit des Flugkolbens (4) in Vorwärtsrichtung zum Schlagwerkzeug und in Rückwärtsrichtung erfasst, und dass in einem Mikrocontroller (9) aus der Differenzgeschwindigkeit die kinetische Energiedifferenz als Maß für die Einzelschlagenergie bestimmt wird. - Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 1, dessen elektropneumatisches Schlagwerk einen in einem Führungsrohr (16) durch einen elektromotorisch angetriebenen Erregerkolben (3) über eine antriebsseitige Luftfeder (20) verschieblichen Flugkolben (4) und einen am abtriebsseitigen Ende des Führungsrohrs (16) vorhandene Döpper (5) aufweist, der über ein Luft-Druckpolster (21), durch den Flugkolben (4) angetrieben, auf ein Schlagwerkzeug wirkt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassder Döpper (5) ein magneto-elastisches, ferromagnetisches Material enthält oder aus diesem Material besteht,die Sensoreinrichtung einen dem Döpper (5) zugeordneten magneto-elastischen Sensor aufweist, der den Döpper mit einem Magnetfluss beaufschlagt und magnetische Permeabilitätsänderungen und damit Magnetflussänderungen im Döpper aufgrund von durch Schlageinwirkung des Flugkolbens (4) generierter Stoßwellen im Döpper (5) als Sensorsignal erfasst, undeine Einrichtung (86) zur Berechnung der Einzelschlagenergie (ES) aus dem Sensiorsignal. - Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regeleinrichtung einen PI-Regler (34) aufweist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der von der Regeleinrichtung durch den Stellwert (G(s)) beaufschlagte Aktuator eine steuerbare Ventileinrichtung (35) betätigt, die den Druck in der Luftfeder (20) zur Nachführung der Schlagenergie verändert.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventileinrichtung (35) auch den Druck in einem Druckpolster (21) zwischen dem Flugkolben (4) und dem Dopper (5) verändert.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoreinrichtung (11) zwei mit Permanentmagneten vorgespannte digitale Hall-Schalter (11a, 11b) aufweist, die am Führungsrohr (16) im Verschiebeweg des Flugkolbens (4) mit vorgegebenem Abstand (Δs) voneinander angeordnet sind.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoreinrichtung (11) zwei differenzielle Hall-Sensoren aufweist, die am Führungsrohr (16) im Verschiebeweg des Flugkolbens (4) mit vorgegebenem Abstand nebeneinander angeordnet sind.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoreinrichtung (11) einen differenziellen Hall-Sensor aufweist, der am Führungsrohr (16) im Verschiebeweg des Flugkolbens (4) angeordnet ist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoreinrichtung (11) ein Hall-Sehalter-Array (70) mit einer Mehrzahl von in vorgegebenem gegenseitigen Abstand (Δs) entlang dem Führungsrohr (16) im Verschiebeweg des Flugkolbens (4) angeordneter aufeinanderfolgender Hall-Schalter aufweist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung (11) einen das Führungsrohr (16) im Verschiebeweg des Flugkolbens (4) umgebenden LVD-Transformator (80) aufweist, bei welchem der Flugkolben (4) als längs verschieblicher magnetischer Kern wirkt, der bei Längsverschiebung die Kopplung zwischen einer Erregerwicklung (81) und wenigstens einer Sensorwicklung (82a, 82b) verändert.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung (11) einen am Führungsrohr (16) senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Flugkolbens (4) in dessen Verschiebeweg angeordneten Abstandssensor (90) aufweist, wobei der Flugkolben eine mindestens über einen Teilbereich seiner axialen Länge konischen Mantelabschnitt aufweist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 2 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regeleinrichtung die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors für den Erregerkolben (3) regelt.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet durch einen die Motordrehzahl erfassenden Tachogenerator (54), dessen Drehzahl-Istwert (ωist) gegen einen vom Benutzer vorgebbaren Drehzahl-Sollwert (ωsoll) in einem Komparator (53) vergleichbar ist, wobei die ermittelte Drehzahlabweichung (Δω) als zusätzliche Einflussgröße über den Schlag-Energieregler (G(s)) auf den Aktuator (56) wirkt.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die steuerbare Ventileinrichtung eine änderbare Leckage (18) an der Luftfeder (20) ist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die änderbare Leckage durch wenigstens ein das Führungsrohr (16) durchsetzendes Schnaufloch (19) und eine durch einen Stellantrieb axial oder tangential relativ zum Führungsrohr verschiebliche Lochhülse (32) gebildet ist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lochhülse (32) ein mit einer schräg zur Achse des Führungsrohrs (16) verlaufenden Kante ausgebildetes Fenster (Schrägfenster) (33) aufweist, welches über der Schnauföffnung verfahrbar ist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die änderbare Leckage (18) durch wenigstens eine das Führungsrohr (16) durchsetzende Bohrung (71) und eine axial durch den Aktuator (56) verstellbare Hülse (36) gebildet ist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrung (71) abgeschrägte Wandabschnitte aufweist.
- Bohr- und/oder Meisselhammer nach anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoreinrichtung einen Induktionssensor (87, 88) aufweist.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04102795A EP1607186A1 (de) | 2004-06-18 | 2004-06-18 | Elektropneumatischer Bohr-/Meisselhammer mit veränderbarer Schlagenergie |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04102795A EP1607186A1 (de) | 2004-06-18 | 2004-06-18 | Elektropneumatischer Bohr-/Meisselhammer mit veränderbarer Schlagenergie |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1607186A1 true EP1607186A1 (de) | 2005-12-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04102795A Withdrawn EP1607186A1 (de) | 2004-06-18 | 2004-06-18 | Elektropneumatischer Bohr-/Meisselhammer mit veränderbarer Schlagenergie |
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| EP (1) | EP1607186A1 (de) |
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