EP1597065A1 - Elements de liaison - Google Patents

Elements de liaison

Info

Publication number
EP1597065A1
EP1597065A1 EP04705808A EP04705808A EP1597065A1 EP 1597065 A1 EP1597065 A1 EP 1597065A1 EP 04705808 A EP04705808 A EP 04705808A EP 04705808 A EP04705808 A EP 04705808A EP 1597065 A1 EP1597065 A1 EP 1597065A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iii
elements
layer
filled
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP04705808A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mathias Hefner
Armin Deininger
Heinz Forster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1597065A1 publication Critical patent/EP1597065A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/08—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/388—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of other materials, e.g. fibres, plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/12—Ships

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for producing composite elements which have the following layer structure:
  • the layer (ii) positioned between (i) and (iii) is preferably laterally delimited by elements (iv) attached with (i) and (iii).
  • the invention relates to composite elements obtainable by the method according to the invention, preferably ship elements, particularly preferably ship wall or in particular deck of a ship, preferably a tanker ship or a passenger ship, or oil platforms or pontoons or bridges, bridge elements or structures containing the composite elements obtainable according to the invention.
  • the length specifications for layers (i), (ii) and (iii) relate to the thicknesses of the respective layers.
  • construction parts For the construction of ships, such as ship hulls and cargo space covers, bridges, roofs or high-rise buildings, construction parts must be used that can withstand considerable loads from external forces. Due to these requirements, such construction parts usually consist of metal plates or metal supports which are reinforced by a corresponding geometry or suitable struts. Due to increased safety standards, the hulls of tankers usually consist of an inner and an outer hull, whereby each hull is made up of 15 mm thick steel plates, which are connected by approx. 2 m long steel struts. Since these steel plates are exposed to considerable forces, both the outer and the inner steel shell are stiffened by welded-on reinforcement elements. adversely Both the considerable amounts of steel that are required and the time-consuming and labor-intensive manufacture have an impact on these classic construction parts.
  • SPS elements As a replacement for the steel structures, SPS elements (sandwich plate system) are known which contain a composite of metal and plastic. The adhesion of the plastic to the two metal layers creates composite elements with extraordinary advantages over known steel constructions.
  • PLC elements are known from the documents US 6 050 208, US 5 778 813, DE-A 198 25 083, DE-A 198 25 085, DE-A 198 25 084, DE-A 198 25 087 and DE-A 198 35 727.
  • the object of the present invention was to develop a simplified, economical method for producing composite elements.
  • composite elements on already existing structures should be accessible by this method.
  • a particular goal was to develop a simple and safe method for repairing containers or surfaces that border on flammable or explosive substances.
  • This object was achieved by gluing the elements (iv) to the layers (i) and optionally (iii) and then producing the layer (ii).
  • the adhesive process according to the invention not only offers a faster manufacturing process, particularly in the case of composite elements of large dimensions, but in particular when working on ships or containers in which welding work is not permitted or is associated with an economically unreasonable effort, e.g. in the repair of disused oil freighters that are used as offshore oil storage facilities and for those that are flammable
  • Vapors in the ship's hull are extracted before welding work.
  • the adhesive method according to the invention can also be combined with welding work, for example by welding the elements (iv) only selectively and thus fixing them to the layer (i) and simultaneously or subsequently gluing them to (i) over the remaining contact area.
  • the connection of the elements (iv) to the layer (iii) can only take place by gluing, exclusively by welding or a combination of gluing and welding.
  • the invention (i) and / or (iii) thus at least one of the layers (i) and (iii) is at least partially bonded to (iv).
  • the process can preferably be carried out in such a way that the elements (iv) are preferably substantially perpendicular, particularly preferably perpendicular to the layer (i) with this, preferably cleaned, particularly preferably degreased and optionally blasted, e.g. sandblasted layer (i) glued, through these elements (iv), which preferably have a uniform height, forms a space on the layer (i), which can be filled with (ii), on the edge of (i) facing away from (i) iv) the layer (iii) is fixed, for example welded and / or preferably glued, and then fills the space which is to be filled with (ii) with liquid starting components for the production of (ii).
  • the elements (iv) are preferably essentially perpendicular, particularly preferably perpendicular to the layer (i) with this, preferably cleaned, particularly preferably degreased and, if appropriate, particularly preferably sand or steel ball steel gravel or corundum-blasted layer (i) welded and optionally glued, through these elements (iv), which preferably have a uniform height, forms a space on the layer (i) that can be filled with (ii) on the edge of (iv) facing away from (i) glues the layer (iii), and then fills the space to be filled with (ii) with liquid starting components for the production of (ii).
  • the elements (iv) can, for example, be flat irons, the height of which can be selected by the desired thickness of the layer (ii).
  • the length of the flat bars can be measured according to the dimensions, ie the width and length of the space between (i) and (iii) to be filled with (ii).
  • the thickness, ie the dimension parallel to the layers (i) and (iii), of the flat iron can preferably be between 10 mm and 100 mm, particularly preferably between 20 mm and 50 mm.
  • the elements (iv) are therefore preferably flat irons which, lying on the layer (i), preferably have a width which is equal to or greater than their height, their height defining the thickness of the layer (ii).
  • elements (iv) can be cleaned, blasted, for example blasted and pretreated in another suitable and known manner.
  • the elements (iv) can be based on metal, preferably iron or steel, wood and / or plastic, for example known hard plastics which have sufficient strength to optionally support the layer (iii), for example polyurethane, polyamide, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene , Polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene.
  • Suitable metals are, for example, aluminum, copper, iron and preferably generally known types of steel.
  • the first layer on which the elements (iv) are fixed e.g. layer (i)
  • it is preferably a surface of a ship to be repaired or repaired, e.g. a deck, structure, or container.
  • the layer (i), on which the elements (iv) are first fixed is preferably the floor area of the cargo hold, a transport ship or the deck of a ship, particularly preferably the deck of a ferry or an autotransport ship. fes, especially around a deck on which automobiles, buses, trucks or trains are moved.
  • adhesives can be used for gluing (iv) with (i) and / or (iii), those for gluing those chosen for (i), (iii) and (iv)
  • the elements (iv) are preferably bonded to the layer (i) and optionally (iii) by means of a one- or two-component, solvent-free or solvent-containing adhesive based on epoxy resins and / or methacrylates and / or polyurethanes.
  • the adhesive preferably ensures a tensile shear strength of greater than 2 MPa, a shear strength, i.e. between layers (i), (iv), (iii) / adhesive, of greater than 2 MPa and preferably a permanent bond under the influence of corrosion and moisture, with preference being given to the use of an adhesion promoter, i.e. Primers, can be dispensed with. This applies in particular if (iv) and the layer (i) and / or (iii) to be bonded with (iv) are metal.
  • Layer (ii) can be generally known plastics, preferably based (ii) on polyisocyanate polyaddition products. These polyisocyanate polyadducts, processes too Their manufacture and raw materials are well known and widely described.
  • the polyisocyanate polyaddition products are usually prepared by reacting the liquid starting materials (a) isocyanate and (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates.
  • the starting components for the production of the plastic are preferably filled in liquid form into the space to be filled between (i) and (iii). It is therefore advantageous that the space between the layers (i) and (iii) to be filled with the liquid starting components for the production of (ii) through the elements (iv) with the exception of openings
  • the composite elements according to the invention preferably have a width of 0.2 m to 5 m, preferably 0.5 to 3 m, and a length of 0.5 m to 10 m, preferably 1 m to 5 m, i.e. the space delimited by the elements (iv) preferably has these dimensions.
  • the layer (i) on which the elements (iv) are attached by gluing is preferably oriented largely horizontally, as is the case, for example, with ship decks to be repaired.
  • Layer (iii) is preferably oriented largely parallel to layer (i).
  • Reinforcing materials may be present in layer (ii).
  • layer (ii) for example, in the space to be filled between (i) and (iii) flat, possibly three-dimensional structures can be inserted, which reduce part of the tension forces acting on the interfaces between plastic and metal, and then filled in (ii).
  • the structure is preferably a lattice, a perforated plate and / or a braid that is flat and possibly three-dimensionally deformed.
  • the expression “three-dimensionally deformed” is to be understood that (vi) need not be a flat structure, but rather has regular or irregular bumps, edges or the like.
  • a structure or molded part (vi) can be used as the structure (vi), which has a regular or irregular, accordion-like fold or wave shape, in which the upper and lower edges up to the surface of (i) and / or (iii) are sufficient.
  • These structures can be based, for example, on glass fibers, metal or plastic.
  • Such grids, plates or braids, for example metal grids, metal plates, metal wire braids, glass fiber mats or perforated plastic films or sheets are commercial currently available or can be produced in a simple manner by a person skilled in the art using generally known methods.
  • the starting materials for the production of (ii) are preferably introduced continuously without interruption in a single step into the space to be filled between (i) and (iii), particularly preferably the starting materials are introduced by means of a high-pressure apparatus via one or more mixing heads, fill in for example.
  • the starting materials for the preparation of (ii) are preferably filled in the liquid state in the space between (i) and (iii), wherein a vacuum is preferably generated in the space to be filled between (i) and (iii) during this filling process. Filling can take place, for example, through openings (v) in (i) and / or (iii). This has the advantage that the liquid is "sucked" into the room and even small cavities are filled with the liquid.
  • the negative pressure in the space to be filled is preferably 0.2 bar to 0.8 bar, ie the pressure in the mold to be filled is 0.8 to 0.2 bar lower than the ambient air pressure.
  • the negative pressure that can be generated, for example, by generally known vacuum pumps is preferably achieved by (i) and / or (iii) in addition to the or the openings (v) in (i) and / or (iii) via which the starting materials for the production of (ii) are entered, have at least one further opening (v) through which the negative pressure is applied.
  • a hose is preferably interposed between a vacuum pump which generates the negative pressure and the opening (v) in (i). This hose can be pressed or glued to (i), for example.
  • the amounts of starting materials for the production of (ii) are difficult to measure in such a way that the space to be filled (R) is filled, but overflow is prevented.
  • a larger amount of starting components for the production of (ii) is preferably added to the space between (i) and (iii) than it can accommodate.
  • the resulting overflow is preferably discharged through openings (v).
  • the openings (v) closed by means of an increase in the liquid in the hose, which is preferably transparent become.
  • the openings can be closed, for example, with a plastic or metal plug, preferably with a screw cap, which is located either in the overflow vessel or preferably between the overflow vessel and (i) and / or (iii).
  • the openings (v) preferably remain until the end of the The hardening process of the mixture (a) and (b) is closed by the fixed mixing head.
  • layers (i) and (iii) have no features that can be used to attach an outflow end to fill the space between (i) and (iii) with liquids.
  • the expression "outflow end" can be conventional devices with which liquids are filled, for example tank sockets, hose ends, mixing heads, static mixers or the like.
  • the outflow end is preferably a mixing head.
  • Mixing heads of this type are generally known and are commercially available, for example, in connection with conventional metering devices for polyurethane systems.
  • the outflow end preferably the mixing head
  • the liquid is preferably filled into the space between (i) and (iii) through at least one opening (v) in (i) and / or (iii).
  • a mixing head for example, bolts with a thread, which are used to fasten the mixing head or a holder for the mixing head, can preferably be shot into layer (i).
  • the bolts can preferably taper to a point on the side facing away from the thread in order to be able to introduce them more easily into the layer (i).
  • the bolts preferably have a diameter of 6 mm to 20 mm and a length of 8 mm to 42 mm.
  • the thread that faces outward after the bolts are fixed, i.e. on the side of (i) facing away from (iii) preferably has a length of 4 mm to 30 mm.
  • the bolts are inserted, for example, by shooting with a bolt pushing tool that is commercially available e.g. is available from Hilti.
  • (i) thus has threads by means of which the outflow end is screwed to (i) at the opening (v) through which the liquid is filled.
  • an O-ring made of an elastic material can preferably be fixed.
  • Such O-rings are generally known and their dimensions can be matched to the diameter of the opening (v) and the mixing head.
  • the mixing head is therefore preferably fixed close to the opening (v) in (i) or (iii) through which the starting materials are introduced.
  • the outflow end is not directly attached to the layer (i), but the outflow end is fixed to a holder which is screwed to (i).
  • this bracket which can consist of conventional materials, for example plastics, wood or preferably conventional metals, is preferably a construction which has bores through which the threads fixed on (i) are guided and fastened, for example, by means of corresponding nuts.
  • the holder has fastening elements for the outflow end, for example plug connections, screw connections or edges, with which the outflow end can be clamped to the holder by means of elastic bands.
  • the outflow end is particularly preferably fastened to the holder at at least three points in order to avoid tilting. It is therefore preferred to screw a bracket to at least three threads that are attached to (i) and fix the mixing head to this bracket. After completion of the composite elements, the bolts can be sawn off, for example, on the surface of (i).
  • the space between (i) and (iii) can be filled using conventional conveying devices, preferably continuously, for example using high and low pressure machines, preferably high pressure machines.
  • the filling with a high-pressure machine is preferably carried out via one or more, preferably a mixing head in which the starting components are mixed, in a single work step, preferably an injection process.
  • a single injection process means that the filling of the space between (i) and (iii), for example with the starting materials for the production of (ii), is not interrupted before the filling is complete.
  • the starting materials are thus preferably given in a single shot under pressure in the space between (i) and (iii). This is especially true if the liquid is a reactive mixture that hardens with the reaction.
  • the starting materials are therefore preferably introduced by means of a high-pressure apparatus through one or more, preferably a mixing head.
  • the space between (i) and (iii) can be filled both in the vertical orientation of (i) and (iii) and in the horizontal orientation of (i) and (iii).
  • the layers (i) and (iii) can preferably be used as customary plastic, wood or preferably metal plates, for example iron, steel, copper and / or aluminum plates, with the thicknesses according to the invention. Steel or iron are preferred.
  • Both (i) and (ii) can be coated, for example primed, primed, painted and / or coated with conventional plastics, in the production of the composite elements according to the invention.
  • (I) and (iii) are preferred regardless layers and particularly preferably used, for example, cleaned by conventional sandblasting.
  • the space to be filled can preferably be dried. This offers the advantage that in particular liquid components to be filled which are reactive with water, for example isocyanates, do not react in an undesirable side reaction. Drying, which preferably takes place immediately before filling, can be carried out, for example, using hot air or compressed air. Furthermore, the space to be filled between (i) and (iii) can be heated by heating (i) and / or ( iii) Dry to a temperature of 20 to 150 ° C for a period of 10 minutes to 180 minutes.
  • the space to be filled between (i) and (iii) can preferably be dried by a blower, the air through opening (v) in (i) and / or (iii) through the space to be filled between (i) and (iii) passes.
  • the opening or openings (v) are preferably bores in (i) and / or (iii) with a diameter of 0.5 to 5.0 cm in (i) and / or (iii).
  • the space that is filled between (i) and (iii) with the starting materials for the production of (ii) does not have to represent the entire space between (i) and (iii). Both (i) and (iii) may protrude beyond the edges of (ii), i.e. only in a partial area of (i) and (iii) does (i) bind via (ii) to (iii).
  • the space between (i) and (iii) can be sealed prior to filling with the starting materials such that the seal is within the space enclosed by (i) and (iii) and edges of (i) and / or (iii ) survive.
  • the delivery rate can be varied depending on the volume to be filled.
  • the conveying capacity and conveying device is preferably selected such that the space to be filled can be filled with the components for the production of (ii) within 0.5 to 20 minutes. It is preferably low-pressure or particularly preferably high-pressure machines, preferably with piston metering, particularly preferably axial piston metering, the storage tank preferably being designed with an agitator and preferably being temperature-controllable, and preferably a circuit of storage tank mixing head storage tank being present, the discharge rate preferably being 0. Is 1 to 3.0 kg / sec.
  • Layers (i) and (iii) are usually fixed in a suitable arrangement, for example parallel to one another.
  • the distance is usually chosen so that the space (R) between (i) and (iii) has a thickness of
  • the fixation of (i) and (iii) can, for example, by spacers e.g. done in a form or suitable holder.
  • the edges of the intermediate space are usually sealed in such a way that the space between (i) and (iii) admittedly with the liquid or the starting components
  • Production of (ii) can be completely filled, but a flow out of these starting components before the complete filling is prevented.
  • Sealing can be carried out using conventional plastic, paper or metal foils and / or plates, which are glued, welded or pressed on, for example
  • the tightness of (R) before filling with the 35 starting components is preferably checked by measuring the pressure difference.
  • the expression pressure difference measurement is understood to mean that one tries to build up a pressure difference between the room (R) and the outside environment over a certain period of time, for example by trying to create an underpressure or overpressure in relation to the (R) external environment. This can be achieved by conventional vacuum pumps or well-known compressors that pump air or gas into the room (R). If a stable overpressure or underpressure can be generated in (R), this indicates a sufficiently dense cavity that can be filled with the 45 starting components for the production of (ii).
  • openings (v) used to fill (R) with the starting components or as Provides ventilation openings or as overflow openings for the exit of excess starting components, also temporarily seals. If necessary, at least one of these openings can be used to connect the vacuum pump or compressor to (R).
  • the liquid for the preparation of (ii) preferably contains (a) isocyanates and (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates.
  • Layer (ii) thus preferably represents polyisocyanate polyaddition products.
  • Starting materials or “starting components” are to be understood in particular (a) isocyanates and (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates, but, if appropriate, also, insofar as they are used, also (c) gases, (d) catalysts, (e) auxiliaries and / or (f) blowing agent.
  • reaction of (a) with (b) to (ii) is preferably carried out in the presence of 1 to 50% by volume of gases (c).
  • Polymer polyols are preferably used as (b).
  • reaction of (a) with (b) is preferably carried out in the presence of (f) blowing agents.
  • the starting components for the preparation of the polyisocyanate polyadducts are usually mixed at a temperature from 0 to 100 ° C., preferably from 20 to 60 ° C., and introduced into the space between (i) and (iii) as already described.
  • the mixing can be carried out mechanically by means of a stirrer or a stirring screw, but preferably by the countercurrent principle customary in high-pressure machines, in which the A and B component jets meet and mix in the mixing head under high pressure, the jet of each component also being divided can be.
  • the reaction temperature i.e. the temperature at which the reaction takes place is usually> 20 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C., depending on the material thickness.
  • the polyisocyanate polyaddition products (ii) of the composite elements produced according to the invention preferably have an elastic modulus of> 275 MPa in the temperature range from -45 to + 50 ° C (according to DIN 53457), an adhesion to (i) and (iii) of> 4 MPa ( according to DIN 53530), an elongation of> 30% in the temperature range from -45 to + 50 ° C (according to DIN 53504), a tensile strength of> 20 MPa (according to DIN 53504) and a compressive strength of> 20 MPa (according to DIN 53421) on.
  • the composite elements according to the invention can be produced in such a way that between (i) and (iii) polyisocyanate polyadducts (ii), usually polyurethanes, which may have urea and / or isocyanurate structures can, by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) isocyanate-reactive compounds, optionally in the presence of blowing agents (f), 1 to 50% by volume, based on the volume of the polyisocyanate polyadducts, of at least one gas (c), ( d) produces catalysts and / or (e) auxiliaries, preferably (ii) adhering to (i) and (iii).
  • polyisocyanate polyadducts (ii) has been described many times.
  • the surfaces of (i) and (iii) can preferably be blasted with corundum or iron gravel before the production of the composite elements for cleaning and increasing the surface roughness with sand or steel balls.
  • This blasting can be carried out according to the usual methods in which the blasting material strikes the surfaces under high pressure, for example. Suitable equipment for such treatment is commercially available.
  • This treatment of the surfaces of (i) and (iii) which are in contact with (ii) after the reaction of (a) with (b) leads to a significantly improved adhesion of (ii) to (i) and ( iii).
  • the blasting is preferably carried out directly before the introduction of the components for the production of (ii) into the space between (i) and (iii).
  • the surfaces of (i) and (iii) to which (ii) is intended to adhere are preferably free of inorganic and / or organic substances which reduce adhesion, for example dust, dirt, oils and fats or substances generally known as mold release agents.
  • Suitable isocyanates (a) are the known aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, which may have been biuretized and / or isoeyanurated using generally known methods.
  • alkylene diisocyanates with 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical such as 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate, 2-ethyl-tetramethylene-1, 4, 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 5, 1,4-tetra-methylene diisocyanate, Lysine ester diisocyanates (LDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate-1, 6 (HDI), cyclohexane-1,3- and / or 1,4-diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2, ⁇ -hexahydrotoluenediisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, 4, 4'-, 2,2'- and 2, 4'-dicyclohexyl methanediisoeyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, l-isocyanato-3, 3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI)
  • di- and / or polyisocyanates containing ester, urea, allophanate, carbodiimide, uretdione and / or urethane groups can be used in the process according to the invention.
  • 2,4'-, 2,2'- and / or 4,4'-MDI and / or polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates are preferably used, particularly preferably mixtures containing polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates and at least one of the MDI isomers.
  • Compounds which are reactive towards isocyanates can be used, for example, as compounds which have hydroxyl, thiol and / or primary and / or secondary amino groups as isocyanate-reactive groups and usually have a molecular weight of 60 to 10,000 g / mol, e.g. Polyols selected from the group of polymer polyols, polyether polyalcohols, polyester polyalcohols, polythioether polyols, hydroxyl group-containing polyacetals and hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic polycarbonates or mixtures of at least two of the polyols mentioned. These compounds usually have a functionality towards isocyanates of 2 to 6 and a molecular weight of 400 to 8000 and are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • component (c) for the preparation of (ii) generally known compounds can be used which have a boiling point at a pressure of 1 bar of less (ie at temperatures lower than) -50 ° C., for example air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and / or neon. Air is preferably used.
  • Component (c) is preferably inert towards component (a), particularly preferably towards components (a) and (b), i.e. a reactivity of the gas towards (a) and (b) is hardly, preferably not detectable.
  • the use of gas (c) differs fundamentally from the use of conventional blowing agents for the production of foamed polyurethanes.
  • blowing agents (f) are used in liquid form or are soluble in the polyol component in the case of gaseous physical blowing agents) and evaporate during the reaction either due to the development of heat or in the case of water due to the reaction with the Isocya - If nat groups develop gaseous carbon dioxide, component (c) is preferably already used in gaseous form as an aerosol, for example in the polyol component, in the present invention.
  • catalysts (d) which greatly accelerate the reaction of isocyanates with the compounds reactive toward isocyanates can be used as catalysts (d), preferably a total catalyst content of 0.001 to 15% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the total isocyanate-reactive compounds used. 5
  • the reaction mixture for the preparation of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products (ii) can optionally (e) be incorporated with auxiliaries.
  • auxiliaries include fillers, surface-active substances, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, hydrolysis protection agents, fungistatic, bacteriostatic substances and foam stabilizers.
  • Blowing agents (f) which are generally known from polyurethane chemistry can be used, for example physically
  • Such physical blowing agents generally have a boiling point at a pressure of 1 bar greater than (i.e. at temperatures higher than) -50 ° C.
  • Examples of physical blowing agents are e.g. CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic
  • hydrocarbons each with, for example, 4 to 6 carbon atoms or mixtures of these substances, for example trichlorofluoromethane (boiling point 24 ° C), chlorodifluoromethane (boiling point -40.8 ° C), dichlorofluoroethane (boiling point 32 ° C), chlorodifluoroethane (boiling point -9.2 ° C) ), Dichlorotrifluoroethane (boiling point 27.1 ° C),
  • blowing agents (f) are preferably used in an amount sufficient to achieve the preferred density of (ii) from 350 to
  • blowing agents (f) are particularly preferably present in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate polyaddition product.
  • the weight of (ii) by definition corresponds to the weight of components (a), (b) and, if appropriate, (c), (d), (e) and / or (f) used to produce (ii).
  • the isocyanates and the compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates are reacted in amounts such that the equivalence ratio of NCO groups of the isocyanates (a) to the sum of the reactive hydrogen atoms of the isocyanates
  • the polyisocyanate polyaddition products are usually produced by the one-shot process or by the prepolymer process, for example using the high-pressure or low-pressure technology 20.
  • Component (c) can be added to the reaction mixture comprising (a), (b) and optionally (f), (d) and / or (e), and / or the individual components (a), (b ), (A) and / or (B).
  • the component that is mixed with (c) is usually in liquid form. The components are preferred
  • the corresponding component can be mixed with (c) by generally known methods.
  • (c) can be done by well-known loading devices, for example
  • air loading devices preferably under pressure, for example from a pressure vessel or compressed by a compressor, e.g. can be supplied through a nozzle to the corresponding component.
  • the corresponding components are preferably thoroughly mixed with (c), so that gas bubbles from (c) in the
  • liquid component usually have a size of 0.0001 to 10, particularly preferably 0.0001 to 1 mm.
  • the content of (c) in the reaction mixture for the production of (ii) can be determined in the return line of the high-pressure machine using generally known measuring devices via the density of the reaction mixture.
  • the content of (c) in the reaction mixture can preferably be regulated automatically on the basis of this density via a control unit.
  • the component density can be determined and regulated online during the normal circulation of the material in the machine, even at a very low circulation speed.
  • the composite elements obtainable according to the invention are used above all in areas in which construction elements are required which can withstand great forces, for example as construction parts in shipbuilding, e.g. in ship hulls, for example ship's double hulls with an outer and an inner wall, and cargo space covers, cargo space partitions, loading flaps or in structures, for example bridges or as construction elements in house construction, in particular in high-rise buildings.
  • the composite elements according to the invention are not classic
  • FIG. 1 shows a composite element according to the invention in which layer (ii) is not completely enclosed by (iv) between (i) and (iii): only a border between (i) and (iii) is used for a better overview and illustration formed by (iv).
  • FIG. 2 shows a first step in the method according to the invention: after the elements (iv) have been glued to the layer (i), for example the deck to be repaired, a space is formed on the layer (i) which is laterally separated from the Elements (iv) is limited and in which the layer (ii) is to be formed. In the next step, the layer (iii) would be attached to the elements (iv), e.g. glued and then filled the material for the production of (ii) in the space to be filled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'éléments de liaison qui ont la structure en couches suivante: (i) 1 mm à 20 mm de métal, plastique ou bois, de préférence de métal; (ii) 5 mm à 300 mm de plastique; (iii) 1 mm à 20 mm de métal, plastique ou bois, la couche (ii) qui est disposée entre (i) et (iii), étant délimitée par des éléments (iv) qui sont fixés à (i) et à (iii). L'invention se caractérise en ce que les éléments (iv) sont collés aux couches (i) et éventuellement (iii), puis la couche (ii) est réalisée.
EP04705808A 2003-02-18 2004-01-28 Elements de liaison Ceased EP1597065A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10306892 2003-02-18
DE10306892A DE10306892A1 (de) 2003-02-18 2003-02-18 Verbundelemente
PCT/EP2004/000707 WO2004073973A1 (fr) 2003-02-18 2004-01-28 Elements de liaison

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EP1597065A1 true EP1597065A1 (fr) 2005-11-23

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GB2399540B (en) * 2003-03-18 2005-10-26 Intelligent Engineering Improved method for reinforcing or reinstating existing structures
GB2413987B (en) 2004-05-11 2008-05-21 Intelligent Engineering A method of reinforcing a structure
GB2421471B (en) * 2004-12-23 2009-12-23 Intelligent Engineering Improved structural sandwich plate members
DK176189B1 (da) * 2005-01-17 2006-12-18 Nyborg Huse As Fremstilling af vægelement i sandwichkonstruktion samt sådant vægelement
SI23514A (sl) 2010-10-15 2012-04-30 Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O. Gradbeni panel kot struktura zunanje in notranje plošče, z vmesnim izolacijskim prostorom
CN105415769B (zh) * 2011-02-21 2019-07-16 多产研究有限责任公司 包括不同性能的区域的复合材料和方法

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US6050208A (en) * 1996-11-13 2000-04-18 Fern Investments Limited Composite structural laminate
DE19953240A1 (de) * 1999-11-04 2001-05-10 Basf Ag Verbundelemente
DE10056377A1 (de) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-23 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundelementen

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