EP1594186B1 - Bodenantenne mit Schleife zur Abstrahlung kilometrischer oder hektometrischer Wellen - Google Patents

Bodenantenne mit Schleife zur Abstrahlung kilometrischer oder hektometrischer Wellen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1594186B1
EP1594186B1 EP05300192A EP05300192A EP1594186B1 EP 1594186 B1 EP1594186 B1 EP 1594186B1 EP 05300192 A EP05300192 A EP 05300192A EP 05300192 A EP05300192 A EP 05300192A EP 1594186 B1 EP1594186 B1 EP 1594186B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground
antenna
excitation loop
antenna according
loop
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EP05300192A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1594186A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Piole
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/04—Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna in particular for transmitting in a long or medium frequency band between about 10 kHz and about 3 MHz, either in the LF or MF, for example for broadcasting digital radio program.
  • the US Patent 2746040 relates to an omnidirectional antenna transmitting or receiving broadband frequency of the order of 100 MHz and therefore in VHF, the antenna is also usable at low frequencies by appropriate sizing.
  • the antenna can be mounted in an aircraft or on the ground and includes coplanar radial conductors over a mass, whose ends are connected to an outer conductive concentric ring and other ends are connected to vertical conductors for radio frequency generators.
  • Ground conductors which can be buried in the ground, are connected to the generators by conductive vertical supply wires.
  • the generators provide a uniform power distribution so that the antenna radiates a cylindrical space wave between the surface of the lead ring and the ground conductors. No ground wave is radiated this antenna.
  • a ground antenna comprising a ground plane, a metal excitation loop open between two ends and extending substantially parallel to the ground plane, and a metal connecting element substantially perpendicular to the loop and connecting one end of the excitation loop to the ground plane, is characterized in that for radiate a ground-kilometer or MF-wave, the ground plane is buried substantially horizontally near and below the ground surface, the excitation loop extends substantially horizontally above the ground surface at a height greater than 2 m approximately with respect to the ground plane and the excitation loop and the connecting element are each constituted by at least one thin cylindrical element.
  • the opening of the excitation loop is very small compared to the length of the loop, in a ratio of about 1/50 to about 1/100, to substantially eliminate any horizontal electric field component at the surface of the ground.
  • a space wave exploitable particularly for nocturnal ionospheric broadcasts with a greater range, from about thirty kilometers, is generated by the antenna of the invention. direction of a central zenith axis on the antenna.
  • the ground antenna according to the invention is very discreet and thus insensitive to any violent wind, blast, lightning, earthquake or explosion.
  • the antenna has almost no radar echo area (SER).
  • the antenna also comprises a power supply means having terminals respectively connected to the excitation loop and to the ground plane at a distance from the connection element along the excitation loop such as the impedance the excitation loop brought back from the connecting element is substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the power supply means so as to adapt the antenna to the characteristic impedance of the power supply means.
  • a power supply means having terminals respectively connected to the excitation loop and to the ground plane at a distance from the connection element along the excitation loop such as the impedance the excitation loop brought back from the connecting element is substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the power supply means so as to adapt the antenna to the characteristic impedance of the power supply means.
  • a ground antenna according to the invention radiating with a useful wavelength ⁇ , emission or reception, substantially Telescopy or substantially hectometric comprises essentially a substantially horizontal metal ground plane 1, an open metal excitation loop ( or closed) substantially horizontal 2, and a metallic connecting element 3, substantially vertical, connecting the excitation loop to the ground plane.
  • the open (or closed) metal excitation loop 2 extends substantially horizontally above the surface of the ground S at a height h and above the ground plane 1 at a height H.
  • the height H is generally greater than about 2 m and the height h is deduced from He.
  • the excitation loop 2 has a length greater than 25 m approximately.
  • the shape of the loop 2 is similar to the regular contour of the ground plane 1 and can thus be circular, elliptical, rectangular, rhombic, or regular polygonal, for example square with a C side greater than about 5 m, as illustrated. in the figure 2 .
  • the shape of the loop is not limited to the above-mentioned forms and is determined according to the purity of the polarization and the omnidirectionality desired for the antenna.
  • the loop and the ground plane are superimposed so that they are centered on a common vertical axis VV.
  • the excitation loop 2 has a length L 2 substantially equal to a multiple of a quarter of the useful wavelength ⁇ of the antenna.
  • loop 2 is square with sides C about ⁇ / 16.
  • One of the sides of the loop 2 is shorter so as to provide an opening 21-22 for example near one of the vertices of the loop when it is polygonal.
  • the opening 21-22 can be made anywhere along the regular outline of which the loop is derived.
  • the length LO of the opening 21-22 is a compromise between an opening too narrow which generates excessive potentials at the ends of the loop that would have to be evacuated and an opening too wide that does not bring back any current flowing in the loop of one 21 of its ends towards the other 22 to the detriment of the omnidirectional character of the antenna.
  • the opening 21-22 here has a length LO of one meter, and the side of the loop aligned with the opening has a length of 18.6 m.
  • the excitation loop 2 is supported in a horizontal plane above the ground S at the height h by posts substantially vertical insulators 4 which are regularly distributed along the loop, for example every 4 m to 5 m.
  • Each post 4 is for example wood or plastic.
  • An upper end of the post may be grooved to install and attach the excitation loop by a collar.
  • a lower end of the post passes through a concrete liner 41 resting on the ground S and is housed in a plastic tube 42 such as PVC which is sealed in a concrete foot 43 cast in the ground and having a height greater than thickness e, for example 1.2 m, and thus passes through the ground plane 1.
  • the excitation loop 2 is preferably made of a galvanized metal tube of diameter D.
  • the connecting element 3 is a galvanized metal tubular rod having a height H greater than about 2 m.
  • the cross-section diameters that is to say the diameter D of the tube of the excitation loop 2 and the diameter d of the tube of the connecting element 3, are between about 5 cm and about 20 cm, and may be identical.
  • the diameters D and d may be equal and are larger as the bandwidth of the antenna must be wide.
  • the tubes are for example made of steel, or preferably a better conductor, for example copper or aluminum, or an alloy having the predominant component of copper or aluminum.
  • the excitation loop 2 consists of several superimposed or parallel tubes, a few dozen centimeters to allow higher power, improved bandwidth and reduced losses.
  • the lengths and diameters of the superimposed or parallel tubes may be very slightly different in order to ensure an off-set tuning allowing bandwidth to be expanded in even or odd mode.
  • the even mode half-wave
  • the two ends 21 and 22 of the loop are closed on the ground with connections to it slightly different.
  • the excitation loop 2 and the connecting element 3 could be thinner and each made in the form of a wire or a sheet of metal son, which would lead to decrease the bandwidth of the wire. 'antenna.
  • the excitation loop 2 and the connecting element 3 are each in the form of a cage of diameter D, d composed of several parallel metallic wires 23 equidistributed circularly having a diameter of between about 0.6 mm and about 1.2 mm.
  • the cage constituting the excitation loop 2 comprises metal rings 24 welded to the wires distributed regularly over its length, for example every 5 m to 10 m, to keep the son 23 parallel and equidistant in pairs and thus retain the equipotential distribution in circular section in the cage.
  • the cages are advantageously lighter than the tubes and all the cages of the cages is less expensive than the tubes. This variant does not reduce the performance of the antenna and in particular allows to reach powers emission above 5 kW while guaranteeing a relatively wide bandwidth.
  • the connecting element 3 has an upper end 31 welded to one end 21 of the excitation loop 2.
  • a lower end 32 of the connecting element is welded to the ground plane 1, for example by the intermediate a small brass plate 11 welded to a few meshes of the ground plane when it is a lattice, as shown in the figure 5 .
  • two wires 51 and 52 of the power cable connect negative and positive of the transmitter 5 respectively to the ground plane 1 and the excitation loop 2 at a small predetermined distance l of the connecting element 3 along the excitation loop such that the real part of the impedance the antenna brought back to the terminals of the transmitter is substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the power supply means.
  • the magnetic transverse wave TM is excited by the current in the excitation loop 2 parallel to the ground a few meters.
  • the height H-e with respect to the ground results from a compromise between a tight coupling mode and the desired bandwidth.
  • the vertical polarization is exploited in the antenna according to the invention, the horizontal electric field component being negligible in the propagation by the antenna all the more so that the excitation loop 2 is regular and closed like a circle or a polygon regular.
  • the elementary electrical fields Ey are distributed almost uniformly to all the azimuths around the vertical axis VV of the antenna to ensure the omnidirectionality of the antenna.
  • the antenna radiation impedance Z ant of the antenna must have an imaginary part or zero reactance, and the length L 2 of the excitation loop 2 must be the order of a quarter wavelength ⁇ / 4 (odd mode) or half-wave ⁇ / 2 (even mode).
  • the radiation impedance Z ant is the impedance reduced by a terminal impedance Z t across the two parts of the antenna , the horizontal excitation loop 2 and the vertical connection element 3, which have characteristic impedances Z 2 and Z 3 .
  • the terminal impedance Z t is placed at the end of the line at the loop end 22, between this end and the ground plane 1.
  • the impedance at the point P is about R ant - jX.
  • the value of Z 2 tan ( ⁇ l) is 8 ⁇ , which corresponds approximately to a length l of 1.3 m on the horizontal line, that is to say, since the end 21 of the loop excitation 2 to the power supply cable 52 to position and connect.
  • a conductor wire of length L 2 above the ground having an end to ground has, for dimensions expressed in cm, an inductance expressed in ⁇ H of:
  • the overvoltage coefficient of the antenna with the excitation loop 2 and the connecting element 3 made of copper tube is therefore very high and therefore has a wide bandwidth of several kilohertz for a carrier frequency of about one megahertz. , compared to good quality steels for which the conductivity does not exceed 15% of that of copper.
  • Each radiation confinement means comprises one or more electromagnetic radiation conductive obstacles and constituting diffraction zones equivalent to point radiation sources in the respective predetermined direction.
  • obstacles are for example ditches 61 which are empty or filled with metal elements with a depth of between 50 cm and a few meters depending on the penetration of the radiated wave into the ground. Obstacles may also be staked on the ground surface, such as metal protuberances or metal harrows 62 of low heights on the ground.
  • the ground antenna according to the invention has been described above can be indifferently a transmitting antenna for transmitting, or a receiving antenna for receiving a kilometer wave or hectometric soil carrying a useful signal, while being unobtrusive and insensitive to external parasites on the ground and the ionosphere.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Bodenantenne, umfassend eine Massenfläche (1), eine metallische Schleife (2), die zwischen zwei Enden (21, 22) offen ist und sich im Wesentlichen parallel zur Massenfläche erstreckt, und ein metallisches Verbindungselement (3), das im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Schleife ist und eines (21) der Enden der Schleife mit der Massenfläche verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, um eine kilometrische und hektometrische Bodenwelle abzustrahlen, die Massenfläche (1) im Wesentlichen horizontal in der Nähe und unter der Oberfläche des Bodens (S) eingegraben ist, die Schleife (2) sich im Wesentlichen horizontal über der Oberfläche des Bodens in einer Höhe (H) erstreckt, die größer als ungefähr 2 m bezüglich der Massenfläche ist, und die Schleife und das Verbindungselement jeweils aus zumindest einem dünnen zylindrischen Element hergestellt sind.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Massenfläche (1) ein Blech ist.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Massenfläche (1) ein Gitter ist.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, umfassend im Wesentlichen vertikale Isoliermasten (4), um die Schleife (2) über dem Boden (S) zu halten.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Schleife (2) eine Länge (L2) aufweist, die im Wesentlichem gleich der Viertel- oder dem Vielfachen einer Viertelwelle einer Nutzwellenlänge der Antenne ist.
  6. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Schleife (2) eine Länge von mehr als ungefähr 25 m aufweist.
  7. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Öffnung der Schleife (2) bezüglich der Länge der Schleife in einem Verhältnis von ungefähr 1/50 bis ungefähr 1/100 zur Länge der Schleife sehr klein ist.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Massenfläche (1) und die metallische Schleife (2) regelmäßig oder kreisförmig polygonal sind.
  9. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Oberfläche der Massenfläche (1) im Wesentlichen das Vierfache der Oberfläche ist, die von der Schleife (2) umschrieben wird.
  10. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Schleife (2) und das Verbindungselement (3) im Wesentlichen aus Kupfer sind.
  11. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Schleife (2) und das Verbindungselement (3) röhrenförmig sind.
  12. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Schleife (2) und das Verbindungselement (3) Gehäuse oder Lagen aus parallelen Metallfäden (23) sind.
  13. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, wobei die Schleife (2) und das Verbindungselement (3) Querschnittsdurchmesser (D, d) aufweisen, die zwischen ungefähr 5 cm und ungefähr 20 cm liegen
  14. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Schleife (2) aus parallelen Rohren besteht, die sich sehr geringfügig in Länge und im Durchmesser unterscheiden.
  15. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, umfassend eine Abschlussimpedanz (Zt) zwischen dem anderen (22) der Enden der Schleife und der Massenebene (1).
  16. Antenne nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Abschlussimpedanz (Zt) regulierbar ist, um eine Betriebsfrequenz der Antenne einzustellen.
  17. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, umfassend ein Mittel zur Stromversorgung mit Klemmen (51, 52), die mit der Schleife (2) und mit der Massenebene (1) in einem Abstand (/) des Verbindungselements (3) entlang der Schleife verbunden sind, so dass die Impedanz der Schleife, die vom Verbindungselement (3) zurückgeführt wird, im Wesentlichen gleich der Impedanz ist, die für das Mittel zur Stromversorgung charakteristisch ist.
  18. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, umfassend ein Mittel (61, 62), das im Wesentlichen auf dem Umfang der Massenebene (1) in der Nähe des Bodens (S) angebracht ist, um die elektromagnetische Abstrahlung der Antenne in einer vorbestimmten Richtung entlang des Bodens zu begrenzen.
  19. Antenne nach Anspruch 18, wobei das Mittel, um die elektromagnetische Abstrahlung der Antenne zu begrenzen, Gräben (61) im Boden und/oder Erhebungen (62) auf dem Boden umfasst.
EP05300192A 2004-05-04 2005-03-17 Bodenantenne mit Schleife zur Abstrahlung kilometrischer oder hektometrischer Wellen Active EP1594186B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05300192T PL1594186T3 (pl) 2004-05-04 2005-03-17 Antena naziemna pętli promieniującej w zakresie fal kilometrowych i hektokilometrowych

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0404860 2004-05-04
FR0404860A FR2870047B1 (fr) 2004-05-04 2004-05-04 Antenne de sol a boucle rayonnant en ondes kilometriques ou hectometriques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1594186A1 EP1594186A1 (de) 2005-11-09
EP1594186B1 true EP1594186B1 (de) 2010-11-17

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EP05300192A Active EP1594186B1 (de) 2004-05-04 2005-03-17 Bodenantenne mit Schleife zur Abstrahlung kilometrischer oder hektometrischer Wellen

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EP (1) EP1594186B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE488883T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005024743D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2356087T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2870047B1 (de)
PL (1) PL1594186T3 (de)
PT (1) PT1594186E (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2707659C2 (ru) * 2015-08-10 2019-11-28 Тдф Антенна поверхностной волны, антенная решетка и использование антенны или антенной решетки

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2910727B1 (fr) 2006-12-21 2010-08-20 Tdf Reseau d'antennes a onde de sol progressive kilometrique ou hectometrique
JP5531582B2 (ja) * 2009-11-27 2014-06-25 富士通株式会社 アンテナおよび無線通信装置
FR2965978B1 (fr) 2010-10-07 2012-10-19 Tdf Antenne de grande dimension a ondes de surface et a large bande
FR2966647B1 (fr) * 2010-10-21 2012-11-23 Tdf Antenne a fente et a ondes de surface de grande dimension
FR2994773B1 (fr) * 2012-08-22 2016-01-29 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Element de surface inductif

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746040A (en) * 1950-05-20 1956-05-15 Rca Corp Annular element antenna systems
US3253279A (en) * 1963-02-01 1966-05-24 Trg Inc Bandwidth monopole antenna having low ground losses due to a circumferential ground ring
DE10029733A1 (de) * 2000-06-23 2002-01-03 Alcatel Sa Antennenanordnung für Mobilfunktelefone
JP2002237711A (ja) * 2000-12-08 2002-08-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アンテナ装置、および通信システム

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2707659C2 (ru) * 2015-08-10 2019-11-28 Тдф Антенна поверхностной волны, антенная решетка и использование антенны или антенной решетки

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL1594186T3 (pl) 2011-04-29
PT1594186E (pt) 2011-02-15
DE602005024743D1 (de) 2010-12-30
FR2870047B1 (fr) 2006-07-14
EP1594186A1 (de) 2005-11-09
ES2356087T3 (es) 2011-04-04
ATE488883T1 (de) 2010-12-15
FR2870047A1 (fr) 2005-11-11

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