EP0792528B1 - Antenne vom typ halbwellendipol - Google Patents

Antenne vom typ halbwellendipol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0792528B1
EP0792528B1 EP95940313A EP95940313A EP0792528B1 EP 0792528 B1 EP0792528 B1 EP 0792528B1 EP 95940313 A EP95940313 A EP 95940313A EP 95940313 A EP95940313 A EP 95940313A EP 0792528 B1 EP0792528 B1 EP 0792528B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wave dipole
elongate
longitudinal axis
antenna
insulating means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95940313A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0792528A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Piole
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
Orange SA
Original Assignee
Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
France Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion, France Telecom SA filed Critical Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
Publication of EP0792528A1 publication Critical patent/EP0792528A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0792528B1 publication Critical patent/EP0792528B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna half-wave dipole type directive particularly intended for transmission or reception in the range of frequency of approximately 88 to 108 MHz, known as the FM band.
  • the known antennas used for radio transmission or reception in the FM band are generally poor guidelines. For broadcast the same program in broadcast areas neighboring, several antennas are necessary. The radiation patterns of neighboring antennas partially overlap. Each antenna is associated at a frequency different from the associated frequencies to neighboring antennas to avoid interference undesirable.
  • SFN Single Frequency Network
  • all antennas transmit with the same frequency.
  • the radiation patterns of these antennas must be set very precisely so that the areas of scattering associated with these antennas are adjacent but do not overlap so that it does not happen no interference between neighboring broadcast areas.
  • the antennas in an SFN network are very large.
  • a large reflector is attached behind each antenna to avoid destructive interference between the field electromagnetic radiated by the antenna and that radiated by the previous antenna.
  • the dimensions typical of these antennas are of the order of several meters. These dimensions increase the cost of manufacture of antennas, and complicate their installation and maintenance. Finally installed, these antennas degrade the landscape and present a strong wind which causes damage in storm event.
  • the present invention aims to provide an antenna small footprint directive and whose shape radiation pattern is easily adaptable under the operating conditions of a network of single frequency broadcast.
  • an antenna comprising a source radiant powered and a non-radiant source powered, is characterized in that the source powered is a half-wave dipole extending along a longitudinal axis and the unpowered source includes a first elongated conductive element extending along a secant longitudinal axis with the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole, and a first insulation means connecting a first end of the elongate element substantially in the center of the dipole half wave, one second end of the first elongated element and a first end of the half-wave dipole being isolated.
  • the directivity of the antenna is better controlled when the unpowered source, called parasitic, comprises, in in addition, a second elongated conductive element and a second insulating means.
  • the second slender element extends along a longitudinal axis intersecting with the axis longitudinal of the first elongated element and with the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole.
  • the first insulation means extends from a first end fixed at the center of the half-wave dipole towards a second end to which the first end of the first elongated element and a first end of the second elongated element are fixed. A second end of the second elongated element and a second end of the half-wave dipole are isolated by the second insulating means.
  • the first and second elongated elements form acute angles, preferably equal, with the axis longitudinal of the half-wave dipole.
  • the antenna can radiate along this axis, mainly in one direction, either symmetrically or asymmetrical in both directions along the axis.
  • the unpowered source further includes third and fourth elongated elements conductors, a second means of insulation, and third and fourth insulating means.
  • the third and fourth elongated elements extend respectively along secant longitudinal axes between them and with the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole.
  • the second isolation means extends from a first end fixed at the center of the half-wave dipole towards a second end to which first ends of third and fourth elongated elements are fixed. Of second ends of third and fourth elongated elements and the first and second ends of the half-wave dipole are respectively isolated by the third and fourth insulating means.
  • the first and second insulation means extend the along an axis of symmetry which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole and relative to which the first and third elongated elements are respectively symmetrical of the second and fourth elongated elements.
  • the directivity of the antenna can be more accentuated in the second achievement compared to the first achievement, thanks to the third and fourth elongated elements.
  • the first end of a slender element can be linked to a reference potential such as the earth through, among other things, a reactance additional, preferably variable in order to adjust the characteristics of the antenna diagram by example based on other broadcast areas surrounding, or to periodically select predetermined radiation patterns of the antenna.
  • a reactance additional preferably variable in order to adjust the characteristics of the antenna diagram by example based on other broadcast areas surrounding, or to periodically select predetermined radiation patterns of the antenna.
  • the first ends of the first and second elongated elements can be linked together through at least one reactance additional, preferably variable.
  • the antenna includes the third and fourth elongated elements, the first ends of these can be linked together so analogous through additional reactance.
  • a network of single frequency broadcasting called SFN network (Single Frequency Network)
  • SFN network Single Frequency Network
  • broadcast areas contiguous, also called diffusion cells arranged linearly to cover an axis AR motorway.
  • a portion of the motorway axis AR is covered by four contiguous broadcasting zones ZD i , ZD i + 1 , ZD i + 2 and ZD i + 3 comprising transmitting antennas A i , A i + 1 , A i + 1 and A i + 3 , respectively.
  • the broadcasting network transmits with a frequency carrier common to all broadcasting areas.
  • the carrier frequency is in the band of VHF, and more particularly in the FM frequency band from approximately 88 to 108 MHz.
  • the broadcast areas are perfectly defined for minimize interference between zones neighbors.
  • the antenna A i mainly comprises two radiating sources.
  • a first radiating source is supplied and constitutes a pilot 1.
  • the second radiating source is non-supplied and constitutes a parasite 2.
  • the antenna A i has a generally substantially triangular shape and is symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the plane of the figure 2 and having for trace the axis PP in FIG. 2.
  • Pilot 1 is a half-wave dipole extending along a longitudinal axis D-D perpendicular to the axis P-P and includes two identical metal masts 11 and 12 aligned along the axis D-D.
  • Mast 11a transversely an isosceles triangular section or equilateral and is formed by three cylindrical rods metallic 111, 112 and 113 parallel to the D-D axis.
  • the cross section can be circular, square or polygonal, being still openwork.
  • Two rods 111 and 112 are only visible in Figure 2.
  • the three rods 111, 112 and 113 are joined by a lattice of spacers 114.
  • the structure of the mast 11 is rigid, while being light and with little wind resistance.
  • the mast 12 is identical to the mast 11 and includes three rods 121, 122 and 123 secured by a lattice of spacers 124.
  • First ends 115 and 125 of the masts 11 and 12 close to the P-P axis are rigidly fixed to a first end 31 of an insulation base 3 which mechanically holds, while insulating electrically, the different parts connected to him.
  • the foot 3 is elongated and centered on the axis P-P. The foot 3 is thus perpendicular to the masts 11 and 12 and is fixed thereto substantially in the center half-wave dipole 1.
  • Second ends 116 and 126 of masts 11 and 12 form the ends of the dipole 1.
  • Foot 3 includes a central core cylindrical 32 in dielectric material and a sheath protection 33 made of plastic.
  • the extremities 115 and 125 of masts 11 and 12 are embedded in the protective sheath 33 so as to be isolated electrically.
  • the foot has a section rectangular or is conical.
  • the parasite 2 comprising first and second shrouds electrically identical conductors 21 and 22 extending in the plane of Figure 2 along axes H1-H1 and H2-H2, respectively.
  • the H1-H1 and H2-H2 axes are intersecting with each other and intersecting with the axis P-P at the end of the foot 34.
  • Each of the shrouds 21, 22 is formed by a slender element such as a rod cylindrical metal with a first end 211, 221 is embedded in the protective sheath 33 of the foot 3 at the end 34 and a second end 212, 222 is fixed to an insulating element 41, 42.
  • the element insulator 41, 42 is a stretched wire nylon type synthetic connecting the second guy end 212, 222 at second end 116, 126 of the mast 11, 12.
  • the parasite 2 thus has the shape of a vee, the point of which is on the axis P-P and the branches are directed towards the ends 116 and 126 of the pilot 1.
  • the ends 212 and 222 of the branches of the vee are separated from the ends 116 and 126 of pilot 1.
  • the shrouds are replaced by elongated metal blades or elongated cages of metal wires.
  • the masts 11 and 12, the shrouds 21 and 22 and the leg 3 can be removable from each other to others.
  • the foot 3 has a length of approximately 40 to 55 cm and a diameter of the order of approximately 5 to 10 cm.
  • the sides of the triangular section of the masts 11 and 12 are each about 3 to 4 cm long.
  • the shrouds 21 and 22 have a substantially equal length, that is to say somewhat less or greater, to the quarter wavelength, that is to say approximately 60 to 80 cm, and a diameter of 22 mm, and the insulating wires 41 and 42 have a length of 10 to 20 cm and a diameter of 0.2 mm.
  • the angle between a stay cable and the foot is approximately 60 °, that is to say the angle between a stay cable and the DD dipole axis is an acute angle of approximately 30 °.
  • the foot 3 has a length between 35 and 40 cm and a diameter between 60 and 80 mm.
  • the lengths of the masts, foot and shrouds as well as the angle between the shrouds and the foot, or even the relative position of each of the shrouds and of the dipole, are interdependent and define the shape of the radiation diagram, the gain and the directivity of the antenna for a given transmission frequency of the antenna A i .
  • the antenna A i is supported, for example by the end of the foot 31, by a support (not shown) of the foot arranged on the ground so that the masts 11 and 12 and the foot 3 are located in a horizontal plane as shown in top view in Figure 2, or are located in a vertical plane, depending on the desired diffusion area contour.
  • the masts 11 and 12 are each supplied with an emission signal by two respective supply terminals 117 and 127 embedded in the sheath 33 at the end 31 of the foot 3.
  • the terminals 117 and 127 are thus protected from the unfavorable influence rain or frost on the electrical characteristics of the antenna A i .
  • Terminals 117 and 127 are respectively supplied by the inner conductors of two coaxial cables 51 and 52 of the same length connected to the outputs of a balun 5.
  • the balun distributes the power of a transmission signal SE in FM band transmitted by a source 7 installed at the base of the support, through a coaxial antenna cable 70 winding in the support.
  • the external conductors of the coaxial cables are connected to a reference potential, such as earth, by means of a metal plate 53 fixed to the end 31 of the foot 3.
  • signal symmetrization of emission SE in symmetrical signals feeding masts 11 and 12 is integrated in the first end 31 of foot 3.
  • the coaxial cable 70 is directly connected to a first coaxial section a balun having two coaxial sections, elongated, parallel and identical. Firsts ends of the outer conductors of the two coaxial sections are interconnected by a short circuit, one of these first ends being connected to the outer conductor of cable 70. second ends of the inner conductors of coaxial sections are connected to the mast terminals 117 and 127.
  • the shrouds 21 and 22 have a reactance intrinsic XI21 and XI22, depending in particular on their length.
  • the ends 211 and 221 shrouds are connected in series to the level of the end 34 of the foot 3.
  • two reactors additional adaptations XS21 and XS22 are inserted in series between the ends 211 and 221 of each guy at the second end 34 of the foot 3.
  • Reactances XS21 and XS22 have a common terminal connected to a metal plate 23, similar to the plate 53, and fixed to the end 34 of the foot 3. According to a simplified variant, the two reactances are replaced by a single reactance connected between the ends 211 and 221 of guy lines 21 and 22. In all cases, pilot 1 is electrically isolated from the parasite 2.
  • the core 32 of foot 3 is conductive, for example metallic, the sheath 33 being insulating.
  • the plaques 23 and 53 at both ends 31 and 34 are then brought to the same reference potential, or mass common. Consequently the ends 211 and 221 of the shrouds are brought to the reference potential.
  • the total reactances XT21 and XT22 have equal values in the majority of applications so that the maximum of radiation is directed along the axis PP of foot 3 perpendicular to the half-wave dipole 1. More generally, the values of the reactances directly influence on the antenna radiation.
  • the antenna A i radiates mainly in the parasitic direction 2 towards pilot 1 substantially along the axis PP, that is to say from the top down in FIG. 2.
  • the intrinsic reactance XI21, XI22 increases when the length of the stay 21, 22 increases and the additional reactance XS21, XS22 increases with the value of the inductance inserted between the shroud 21, 22 and the foot 3.
  • the antenna A i radiates in the pilot direction 1 towards parasite 2.
  • the reactance XT21, XT22 becomes more capacitive when the length of the guy line 21 , 22 decreases or when a capacitor of higher capacity as additional reactance is inserted between the stay 21, 22 and the stand 3, for a given emission frequency.
  • variable additional reactors XS21 and XS22 it is possible either to modify the radiation pattern of the antenna A i for a given emission frequency, or to modify the emission frequency then to adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna A i , for example so that the antenna is very directive, or else substantially bidirectional along the axis PP.
  • This variation in the directivity and the gain of the antenna A i can be used to impose for example a broadcast of the transmission signal SE during a first period, for example during the day, in a bidirectional manner, that is to say - say almost omnidirectional, and for a second period, for example at night, in a directive manner. If the total reactances XT21 and XT21, or more precisely the variable additional reactances XS21 and XS22 are adjusted more and more differently, the directivity of the antenna A i is modified with respect to the foot axis PP.
  • the variable reactors XS21 and XS22 can be controlled by remote-controlled gearmotors from the base of the antenna support.
  • a second embodiment of an antenna Aa i has a general diamond shape and is symmetrical with respect to a trace plane Pa-Pa perpendicular to FIG. 3. Only the main differences of the antenna Aa i with respect to the previous embodiment A i are described.
  • the antenna Aa i comprises a pilot analogous to the pilot 1, a first parasite 2a analogous to the parasite 2, a second parasite 6a analogous to the first parasite 2a and placed symmetrically with the latter relative to the longitudinal axis Da-Da of the pilot 1a, and a foot 3a.
  • the pilot 1a is supplied in the same way as the pilot 1 by a transmission signal SEa transmitted by an FM source 7a through a balun 5a analogous to the balun 5.
  • Foot 3a is substantially twice as long that foot 3 and extends on either side of the pilot along the Pa-Pa axis.
  • the second parasite 6a comprises two guy lines 61a and 62a fixed between one end 34a of the foot 3a and two insulating wires 43a and 44a respectively fixed at the ends 116a and 126a of the pilot 1a.
  • the third and fourth shrouds 61a and 62a extend along axes H61a-H61a and H62a-H62a, respectively.
  • the axes H61a-H61a and H62a-H62a are intersecting with each other and intersecting with the Da-Da axis of the pilot 1a, and are preferably coplanar with the axes H1a-H1a and H2a-H2a of the first and second shrouds 21a and 22a.
  • the first ends 211a, 221a, 611a and 621a of the four shrouds 21a, 22a, 61a and 62a are connected two by two in series at the ends of foot 3a, as illustrated in FIG. 3, or by through an additional reactance of variable preference, such as reactance XS21, XS22, adding to the intrinsic reactance of each of the wire.
  • the lengths of the shrouds, the inclinations of the shrouds with respect to foot 3a and the values of the additional reactances condition the shape of the radiation diagram and therefore the directivity and the gain of the antenna Aa i , which can be more directive or bidirectional than the 'antenna A i .
  • the antenna Aa i is not necessarily symmetrical with respect to the axis Da-Da, if the antenna must radiate asymmetrically with respect to the axis Da-Da of the pilot dipole 1a.
  • the foot 3a has different lengths on either side of the pilot 1a.
  • the lengths of the stays 61a and 62a, a priori equal to each other, are different from the length of the stays 21a and 22a.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Antenne (Ai), bestehend aus einem gespeisten Strahler (1) und einem nicht gespeisten Strahler (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gespeiste Strahler ein Halbwellendipol (1) ist, der sich entlang einer Längsachse (D-D) erstreckt, und daß der nicht gespeiste Strahler ein erstes langgestrecktes, leitendes Teil (21) umfaßt, das sich entlang einer Längsachse (H1-H1) erstreckt, die sich mit der Längsachse des Halbwellendipols (1) schneidet, und einem ersten isolierenden Mittel (3), das ein erstes Ende (211) des langgestreckten Teiles im wesentlichen in der Mitte (115, 225) des Halbwellendipols, ein zweites Ende (212) des ersten langgestreckten Teiles (21) und ein erstes Ende (116) des Halbwellendipols (1) verbindet, die isoliert sind.
  2. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nicht gespeiste Strahler außerdem ein zweites langgestrecktes, leitendes Teil (22) umfaßt und ein zweites isolierendes Mittel (42), wobei sich das zweite langgestreckte Teil (22) entlang einer Längsachse (H2-H2) erstreckt, das sich mit der Längsachse (H1-H1) des ersten langgestreckten Teiles (21) und mit der Längsachse (D-D) des Halbwellendipols (1) schneidet, wobei sich das erste isolierende Mittel (3) von einem ersten Ende (31), das in der Mitte (115, 125) des Halbwellendipols befestigt ist, zu einem zweiten Ende (34) verläuft, an dem das erste Ende (211) des ersten langgestreckten Teiles (21) und ein erstes Ende (221) des zweiten langgestreckten Teiles (22) befestigt sind, wobei ein zweites Ende (222) des zweiten langgestreckten Teiles (22) und ein zweites Ende (126) des Halbwellendipols (1) isoliert sind.
  3. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste und das zweite langgestreckte Teil (21, 22) mit der Längsachse (D-D) des Halbwellendipols (1) spitze Winkel bilden, die vorzugsweise gleich sind.
  4. Antenne (Aai) nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nicht gespeiste Strahler (2a) außerdem ein drittes und ein viertes langgestrecktes, leitendes Teil (61a, 62a) umfaßt und ein zweites isolierendes Mittel (3a), wobei das dritte und das vierte langgestreckte Teil (61a, 62a) sich jeweils entlang einer Längsachse (H61a-H61a,H62a-H62a) erstrecken, die sich miteinander und mit der Längsachse (Da-Da) des Halbwellendipols (1a) schneiden, wobei sich das zweite isolierende Mittel (3a) von einem ersten Ende (31a), das in der Mitte des Halbwellendipols befestigt ist, zu einem zweiten Ende (34a) erstreckt, an dem erste Enden (611a,621a) des dritten und des vierten langgestreckten Teils befestigt sind und wobei zweite Enden (612a, 622a) des dritten und des vierten langgestreckten Teils und die ersten und zweiten Enden (116a, 126a) des Halbwellendipols jeweils isoliert sind.
  5. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 4, bei der sich die ersten und zweiten isolierenden Mittel (3a) entlang einer Symmetrieachse (P-P) erstrecken, die zur Längsachse (D-D) des Halbwellendipols (1a) senkrecht ist und relativ zu der das erste und das dritte langgestreckte Teil (21a,61a) symmetrisch zum zweiten bzw. vierten langgestreckten Teil (22a, 62a) verlaufen.
  6. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Ende (211, 221; 211a, 221a, 611a, 621a) eines langgestreckten Teils (21, 22; 21a, 22a, 61a,62a) unter anderem über eine vorzugsweise einstellbare Zusatzreaktanz (XS21, XS22) mit einem Bezugspotential verbunden ist.
  7. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Enden (211, 221; 211a, 221a, 611a, 621a) des ersten und des zweiten langgestreckten Teils (21, 22; 21a, 22a, 61a, 62a) über mindestens eine vorzugsweise einstellbare Zusatzreaktanz (XS21, XS22) miteinander verbunden sind.
  8. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 7, in der der Halbwellendipol (1; 1a) zwei Metallmasten (11, 12) umfaßt, ein langgestrecktes Teil (21, 22; 21a, 22a, 61a, 62a) eine Metallstange oder einen Metallstreifen umfaßt, das zweite Ende (212, 222; 612a, 622a) eines zweiten langgestreckten Teiles und das entsprechende Ende (116, 126; 116a, 126a) des Halbwellendipols (1; 1a) durch einen gespannten Draht (41, 42; 41a, 42a, 43a, 44a) isoliert sind und das isolierende Mittel (3, 3a) eine im allgemeinen zylindrische Form hat und einen zentralen Kern (32) aus dielektrischem Material und einen Mantel (33) aus Kunststoff aufweist, mit dem nahe Enden (115, 225) der Masten und das erste Ende (211, 212; 211a, 221a, 611a, 621a) eines langgestreckten Teiles verbunden sind.
EP95940313A 1994-11-18 1995-11-15 Antenne vom typ halbwellendipol Expired - Lifetime EP0792528B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9413939 1994-11-18
FR9413939A FR2727249B1 (fr) 1994-11-18 1994-11-18 Antenne de type dipole demi-onde
PCT/FR1995/001499 WO1996016453A1 (fr) 1994-11-18 1995-11-15 Antenne de type dipôle demi-onde

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0792528A1 EP0792528A1 (de) 1997-09-03
EP0792528B1 true EP0792528B1 (de) 1998-09-30

Family

ID=9469014

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95940313A Expired - Lifetime EP0792528B1 (de) 1994-11-18 1995-11-15 Antenne vom typ halbwellendipol

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0792528B1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ284949B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69505149T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2125057T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2727249B1 (de)
HU (1) HU217725B (de)
PL (1) PL178126B1 (de)
SK (1) SK280107B6 (de)
WO (1) WO1996016453A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3623109A (en) * 1967-12-26 1971-11-23 Klaus Neumann Yagi-type multiband antenna having one element parasitic in one frequency band and driven in another frequency band
US4543583A (en) * 1983-06-06 1985-09-24 Gerard A. Wurdack & Associates, Inc. Dipole antenna formed of coaxial cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69505149D1 (de) 1998-11-05
CZ284949B6 (cs) 1999-04-14
WO1996016453A1 (fr) 1996-05-30
PL320029A1 (en) 1997-09-01
CZ149997A3 (cs) 1999-02-17
SK280107B6 (sk) 1999-08-06
EP0792528A1 (de) 1997-09-03
PL178126B1 (pl) 2000-03-31
ES2125057T3 (es) 1999-02-16
DE69505149T2 (de) 1999-04-22
FR2727249B1 (fr) 1996-12-27
FR2727249A1 (fr) 1996-05-24
HU217725B (hu) 2000-04-28
HUT77273A (hu) 1998-03-02
SK61097A3 (en) 1998-05-06

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