EP3266064B1 - Omnidirektionale breitbandantennenstruktur - Google Patents

Omnidirektionale breitbandantennenstruktur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3266064B1
EP3266064B1 EP16709999.3A EP16709999A EP3266064B1 EP 3266064 B1 EP3266064 B1 EP 3266064B1 EP 16709999 A EP16709999 A EP 16709999A EP 3266064 B1 EP3266064 B1 EP 3266064B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating
antenna structure
ground plane
metallic strip
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP16709999.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3266064A1 (de
Inventor
Sébastien PALUD
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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Publication of EP3266064A1 publication Critical patent/EP3266064A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband antenna structure.
  • the invention relates to a wideband antenna structure with vertical polarization and horizontal omnidirectional radiation, in particular for mobile application, for frequencies between the low frequency bands LF (for Low Frequency in English) and ultra high frequencies UHF (for UHF). Ultra High Frequency in English).
  • Wideband vertically polarized antennas are used in various telecommunications or broadcasting applications, in particular in the context of mobile applications, for example by being placed on vehicles.
  • the antennas currently used for these types of mobile applications are generally broadband monopole antennas (conical monopole, planar with variable geometry) integrated under a radome, or else damped whips, straight or inclined.
  • the antennas used are generally biconical antennas or whip antennas equipped with an adaptation cell for the frequencies between the low frequencies LF and the high frequencies HF (for High Frequency in English).
  • the document EP0444679A2 discloses an antenna structure according to the preamble of claim 1, the document JP2007288649A describing a short circuit element in another antenna structure.
  • the invention aims to overcome at least some of the drawbacks of known antenna structures.
  • the invention aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an antenna structure with vertical polarization of small vertical bulk.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna structure whose performance is stable over a wide frequency band.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an antenna structure with omnidirectional radiation in a horizontal plane.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna structure whose azimuth gain is substantially constant over the entire operating frequency band.
  • the maximum wavelength corresponds to signals of minimum frequency in the frequency band
  • the minimum wavelength corresponds to signals of maximum frequency in the frequency band.
  • the part of the frequency band close to the minimum frequency is called the low part of the band
  • the part of the frequency band close to the maximum frequency is called the high part of the band.
  • the minimum and maximum frequencies correspond to the limits of the frequency band in which the antenna structure is intended to be used without degradation of performance.
  • the antenna structure is suitable for operating outside this frequency band, but without guarantee of performance.
  • metallic strip and radiating strip are meant metallic elements or a combination of metallic elements extending mainly over two dimensions, a width and a length, and having a negligible thickness with respect to said width and length.
  • the metal bands and the radiating bands are distinguished from a wire which is characterized mainly by a single dimension, its length, and from a three-dimensional element, none of the dimensions of which is negligible compared to the other two.
  • the metal bands and the radiating bands have a width greater than one twelfth of the maximum wavelength.
  • An antenna structure according to the invention has a small footprint and allows transmission or reception of a signal over a wide frequency band and linear polarization.
  • the antenna structure also allows omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal plane, called azimuthal radiation, and of substantially constant gain over the entire operating frequency band in this plane.
  • the radiation of the antenna structure is optimized in the horizontal plane.
  • the use of the antenna structure in a wide frequency band of use is in particular permitted thanks to the width of the metal bands and of the radiating bands.
  • the short-circuit element makes it possible to improve the adaptation of the antenna structure.
  • the omnidirectional radiation of the antenna structure is improved in the central part of the frequency band, called the middle of the band.
  • the parts of the metal strips furthest from the ground plane designate on each metal strip the portion representing 50% of the surface of the metal strip, located between the end of the metal strip to which the radiating loop is connected and the middle of the strip. the metal strip.
  • the polarization is vertical, the radiation is omnidirectional in the horizontal plane, and the azimuthal gain is substantially constant over the entire operating band.
  • Vertical polarization allows better efficiency of the antenna structure in mobility, for example if the latter is mounted on the roof of a moving vehicle, and more particularly at a height close to ground level.
  • the radiating loop is a folded radiating loop, in which the radiating bands form at least one fold of U-shaped straight section formed of two radiating bands extending in the vertical direction connected at their closest ends. of the ground plane by a radiating strip, called the base of the U, extending in a direction parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the U-shaped fold or folds make it possible to reduce the length of the radiating bands parallel to the horizontal plane, in order to reduce the zenith radiation, that is to say the radiation not propagating in the plane. horizontal, in the upper part of the frequency band.
  • the U-shaped folds cause the radiating bands parallel to the horizontal plane to be distributed over several parallel and non-merging planes.
  • the U-shaped fold or folds improve the impedance matching of the antenna structure, and make it possible to reduce the size of the antenna structure while maintaining the same total length of the metal bands and radiating bands of the radiating structure.
  • the base of the U of at least one U-shaped fold is arranged between the first metal strip and the second metal strip, and the short-circuit element is formed at least in part by said base of the U.
  • an antenna structure according to the invention has a vertical space requirement, between the ground plane and the highest point of the radiating structure, less than one tenth of the maximum wavelength.
  • the reduction of the antenna space requirement below one tenth of the maximum wavelength makes it possible to avoid degradation of performance in the upper part of the band and allows radiation without loss of gain at the horizon.
  • the antenna structure is thus less bulky than conventional quarter-wave monopole antennas, while exhibiting equal or superior performance in terms of gain and radiation in the horizontal plane.
  • the first metal strip is adapted to be connected to a positive terminal of an emitter / receiver and the ground plane is adapted to be connected to a negative terminal of said emitter / receiver.
  • transmitter / receiver is meant either a single transmitter, or a single receiver, or a device suitable for both transmitting and receiving signals.
  • the emitter / receiver is adapted to be connected to the antenna structure via a coaxial cable, an inner conductor of which connects the positive terminal of the emitter / receiver to the first metal strip and of which an outer conductor connects the negative terminal of the emitter / receiver to the second metal strip and / or to the ground plane.
  • the coaxial cable allows better impedance matching of the antenna structure.
  • an antenna structure comprises a metal box arranged on the ground plane and delimiting a cavity adapted to contain the transmitter / receiver, said metal box being electrically connected to the ground plane and to the second metal strip.
  • the cavity formed by the metal case makes it possible to embed the transmitter / receiver in the antenna structure, thus reducing the disturbances between the antenna structure and the transmitter / receiver, while maintaining a short connection length between the transmitter / receiver and the first metal strip and the ground plane.
  • the lengths of the first metal strip and of the second metal strip can be reduced so that the freed space is occupied, in part of its height, by the metal box: the height of the metal case is preferably less than one sixth of the total height of the antenna structure.
  • the metal case is suitable for receiving elements for processing the signal transmitted or received by the antenna structure, for example amplification, filtering, etc. elements.
  • the first metal strip is connected to the transmitter / receiver via a metal connection surface substantially parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the metallic connection surface connects one end of the first metallic strip to the transmitter / receiver in order to adjust the impedance matching on the desired frequency band.
  • the metal connection surface has a trapezoidal shape, with a large base of the trapezoid being connected to the first metal strip and a small base of the trapezoid being connected to the transmitter / receiver.
  • the connection surface extends from the first metal strip and in the direction of the second metal strip, or else extends from the first metal strip and in the direction opposite to the second metal strip.
  • the length of the radiating structure between the positive terminal of the emitter / receiver and the connection of the ground plane and of the second metal strip is between half the maximum wavelength and the minimum wavelength.
  • length of the radiating structure is understood to mean the sum of the length of the metal bands and of the radiating bands forming said radiating structure.
  • this length of structure allows an improvement in the adaptation and control of the azimuthal radiation over the entire frequency band.
  • the width of the radiating structure is between one eighth of the maximum wavelength and one third of the minimum wavelength.
  • the width of the radiating structure corresponding to the width of the radiating band making up the widest radiating structure, is sufficiently large to allow transmission / reception in a wide frequency band, and sufficiently large. low so that the size of the antenna structure is limited.
  • the width of the radiating structure also influences the standing wave ratio, which is all the smaller in the lower part of the frequency band as the width of the radiating structure is high.
  • the width of the radiating structure is less than one eighth of the maximum wavelength.
  • Such a width is less advantageous than a width greater than one eighth of the maximum wavelength, in particular in terms of adaptation of the antenna structure, but makes it possible to obtain an antenna of reduced size for practical or aesthetic reasons when the antenna structure is used in applications in which the adaptation of the antenna structure is not very critical.
  • the width of the radiating bands is variable along the radiating loop.
  • the radiating bands have a variable width and therefore a variable surface in order to allow homogenization of the density. surface area of the current passing through the radiating bands. This homogenization of the current surface density makes it possible to improve the radiation of the antenna structure and in particular to homogenize the gain of the antenna structure in the azimuthal plane.
  • the ground plane has a width and a length greater than the maximum wavelength.
  • the standing wave ratio of the antenna structure is improved.
  • the ground plane has an actual length and width greater than the maximum wavelength, or the ground plane is electrically connected to a metal surface having a length and a width greater than the maximum wavelength .
  • an antenna structure according to the invention comprises a radome surrounding the radiating structure.
  • the radome allows protection of the radiating structure, for example against bad weather, and makes it possible to hide the antenna structure.
  • the radome is designed not to degrade the radiation of the antenna structure.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle, characterized in that it is equipped with an antenna structure according to the invention, the ground plane of the antenna structure being fixed in electrical continuity to a surface extending in a substantially parallel plane. horizontally.
  • a vehicle according to the invention is suitable for transmitting and receiving signals through the antenna structure, for telecommunications applications in particular.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna structure and a vehicle. characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • the figure 1 shows schematically and in perspective an antenna structure 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the figure 2 schematically shows a section of the antenna structure 10 according to this first embodiment, according to a section plane defined by the axes XX and ZZ as shown in Figure figure 1 .
  • the antenna structure is adapted to emit or receive signals in a wide frequency band between a minimum frequency, associated with a maximum wavelength, and a maximum frequency, associated with a minimum wavelength. These minimum and maximum frequencies are the frequencies between which the antenna structure is designed to operate with optimum performance. Thus, the antenna structure 10 can operate outside this frequency band, without performance being guaranteed, however, the dimensioning of the antenna structure 10 being linked to the desired frequency band.
  • the antenna structure can be configured for wideband application between a minimum frequency of 470 MHz and a maximum frequency of 700 MHz. These two values are therefore associated with a minimum wavelength of approximately 43 cm and a maximum wavelength of approximately 63 cm.
  • the antenna structure 10 comprises a ground plane 1 on which a radiating structure 12 is connected.
  • the ground plane 1 defines a plane, called a horizontal plane, comprising two axes XX and YY perpendicular to each other, and further defines an axis ZZ perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the radiating structure 12 comprises two metal strips, a first metal strip 21 and a second metal strip 22, the ends of which are furthest from the ground plane 1 are connected to a radiating loop 14.
  • the radiating loop 14 is composed of a plurality of radiating bands, here thirteen, referenced 231a, 233a, 234a, 235a, 236a, 237a, 231b, 233b, 234b, 235b, 236b, 237b and 232, making it possible to connect the ends of the two metal bands 21, 22.
  • the antenna structure 10 is intended for the transmission and / or reception of signals of preferentially vertical polarization, that is to say oriented along the ZZ axis, with azimuthal omnidirectional radiation, that is to say that the signals propagate substantially parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the two metal strips 21, 22 are arranged substantially perpendicular to the ground plane 1, therefore arranged substantially vertically, and are parallel to one another.
  • the second metal strip 22 is connected to the ground plane 1 so as to be in electrical continuity, for example by welding, screwing, riveting, and the first metal strip 21 is connected to a positive terminal of a transmitter / receiver 4, a negative terminal of the transmitter / receiver 4 being connected to the ground plane 1, the positive and negative terminals preferably being located in the plane defined by the axis XX and the axis ZZ.
  • the upper parts of the two metal strips 21, 22, that is to say the parts furthest from the ground plane 1, are connected by a short-circuit element 24.
  • the lower part of the first metal strip 21, that is to say the part closest to the ground plane 1, to which the positive terminal of the emitter / receiver 4 is connected, is at a distance from the plane 1 of mass less than one hundredth of the minimum wavelength.
  • the distance separating the first metallic strip 21 from the second metallic strip 22 is less than one tenth of the minimum wavelength.
  • the length of the second metal strip 22 is between one twelfth and one tenth of the minimum wavelength, in order to ensure optimum radiation over the entire frequency band.
  • the transmitter / receiver 4 can be for example only a transmitter, only a receiver or a device grouping the functions of transmitter and receiver.
  • the ground plane 1 is shown here of a size equivalent to the size of the radiating structure 12 along the axes XX and YY.
  • the ground plane 1 is electrically connected to a substantially horizontal surface of larger size, preferably of width and length greater than the maximum wavelength, for example the roof of a vehicle as shown with reference to the figure 10 .
  • the radiating loop 14 comprises an upper portion, here composed of the radiating bands 231a, 231b, 232, 233a and 233b.
  • This upper portion is connected to substantially vertical lateral portions, composed respectively of radiating bands 235a and 235b, said lateral portions being connected to connecting portions respectively composed of radiating bands 234a, 236a, 237a and radiating bands 234b, 236b, 237b , said connecting portions being connected to the two metal bands 21, 22, thus closing the radiating loop 14.
  • the radiating bands 232, 233a, 233b, 234a, 234b, 237a, 237b are substantially horizontal.
  • the radiating bands 231a, 231b, 235a, 235b, 236a, 236b are substantially vertical. In this first embodiment, the radiating loop 14 is thus symmetrical on either side of the plane defined by the Y-Y and Z-Z axes.
  • the radiating bands each have a width defined along the YY axis and a length defined either along the XX axis for the radiating bands oriented substantially horizontally, or along the ZZ axis for the radiating bands oriented substantially vertically.
  • the width of the radiating loop 14 is defined by the width of the radiating strip which is the widest among those forming the radiating loop 14, and the length of the radiating loop 14 is defined by the sum of the lengths of the radiating bands forming the radiant buckle 14.
  • the radiating bands all have the same width.
  • the length of the radiating structure 12 is the sum of the length of the radiating loop 14 and the lengths along the ZZ axis of the first metal strip 21 and of the second metal strip 22, that is to say the length of the radiating structure 12 between the positive terminal of the emitter / receiver 4 and the connection of the ground plane 1 and of the second metal strip 22.
  • the width of the radiating structure 12 is less than one eighth of the maximum wavelength.
  • the adaptation of the antenna structure 10 is thus less optimized, but makes it possible to reduce the size of the antenna structure 10 when the use of the antenna structure 10 is not very sensitive to degradation of the adaptation.
  • the radiating loop 14 is a folded loop, comprising at least one U-shaped fold, here three folds 16a, 16b, 16c.
  • a fold is made up of three radiating bands, a radiating band being connected at each of its two ends by a radiating band perpendicular to the latter, so as to form a U.
  • the folds make it possible in particular to reduce the size of the radiating bands parallel to the horizontal plane, thus limiting zenith radiation of the antenna structure, that is to say radiation substantially oriented in the direction of the ZZ axis.
  • a first U-shaped fold 16a is located on the upper portion of the radiating loop 14 and is formed of the radiating strips 231a and 231b each connected to one end of the radiating strip 232 and perpendicular thereto.
  • the ends of the radiating strips 231a and 231b not connected to the radiating strip 232 are respectively connected to the radiating strips 233a and 233b and perpendicular thereto.
  • the radiating strips 233a and 233b would be directly connected to form a single long radiating strip. The length of this long radiating strip parallel to the horizontal plane would cause too much zenith radiation.
  • the radiating strips 233a and 233b are located on the same plane, and the radiating strip 232 is located on a parallel plane and not coincident with this last plane.
  • the lateral portions and the connecting portions form a second U-shaped fold 16b and a third U-shaped fold 16c.
  • the lateral portions comprise radiating bands 235a and 235b which are substantially vertical and perpendicular to the radiating bands 233a and 233b.
  • the linking portions include radiating bands 234a and 234b substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the metal bands 21, 22.
  • the connecting portions further each comprise a U-shaped fold serving as a bond with the side portions. More precisely, the second U-shaped fold 16b comprises the radiating strip 236a perpendicular to the radiating strip 234a, and the radiating strip 237a perpendicular to the radiating strip 236a and to the radiating strip 235a, thus forming a U.
  • the radiating strips 234a and 237a are thus located on two planes parallel to the horizontal plane and not coincident. Symmetrically, the radiating bands 236b, 237b and 235b form the third U-shaped fold 16c.
  • the length of the radiating bands 236a and 236b are preferably between a quarter and a third of the length of, respectively, the radiating strip 235a and the radiating strip 235b.
  • the second U-fold 16b and the third U-fold 16c make it possible in particular to reduce the size of the horizontal radiating bands to reduce the zenith radiation of the antenna structure 10.
  • the U-folds, in particular the first U-fold 16a make it possible to improve the adaptation of the antenna structure and the azimuth radiation, in particular for frequencies in the upper part of the frequency band.
  • the U-folds also make it possible to reduce the bulk of the whole of the antenna structure 10, in particular along the axis XX (called the lengthwise bulk) and along the ZZ axis (called the vertical bulk), while retaining a length. of radiating loop 14 sufficient for the intended application.
  • the vertical bulk of the antenna structure 10 is thus less than one tenth of the maximum wavelength.
  • the antenna structure 10 will therefore have a vertical size of less than 6.3 cm, in practice about 6 cm.
  • the antennas of the prior art for the same frequency band have a vertical size of about a quarter of the maximum wavelength, ie in practice between 14 and 16 cm.
  • the two metal bands 21, 22 are connected by a short-circuit element 24.
  • the short-circuit element 24 is composed of a metal strip, as shown in figure figure 1 , of a width between one hundredth of the maximum wavelength and the width of the radiating band 232, or of a plurality of strips distributed over the width of the antenna structure, symmetrically on either side of the defined plane by axes XX and ZZ.
  • the short-circuit element 24 is electrically connected to the radiating strip 232, for example by welding.
  • the short-circuit element 24 can be composed only of two small strips connecting on the one hand the first metal strip 21 to the radiating strip 232 and on the other hand the radiating strip 232 to the second metal strip 22, the strip radiating 232 then partly playing the role of short-circuit element.
  • dielectric spacers (not shown) of low relative permittivity (less than 4) and of low loss tangent in the antenna structure, in particular between the bands.
  • radiating 237a, 237b and the ground plane 1 between the radiating strip 232 and the ground plane 1, between the first metal strip 21 and the ground plane 1, between the radiating bands 237a and 233a, between the radiating bands 237b and 233b, between the radiating bands 234a and 233a and / or between the radiating bands 234b and 237b.
  • the figures 3 and 4 respectively show a schematic perspective view and a schematic sectional view of an antenna structure 10 according to a second embodiment.
  • the antenna structure 10 according to this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment by the presence of a metal case 6, arranged on the ground plane 1 and electrically connected to the latter.
  • the metal case 6 defines a cavity suitable for containing the transmitter / receiver.
  • the metal case 6 is disposed at the level of the first metal strip 21 and of the second metal strip 22: the first metal strip 21 is connected to the positive terminal of the transmitter / receiver 4 via an orifice formed in the metal case 6 allowing access to the cavity; the second metal strip 22 is connected directly to the metal box 6, the latter being connected to the ground plane 1.
  • the length, along the X-X axis, and the width, along the Y-Y axis, of the metal housing 6 are less than the length and the width of the ground plane 1.
  • the height, along the Z-Z axis, of the metal case 6 is less than one sixth of the vertical size of the antenna structure 10.
  • the height of the box is limited so as not to significantly modify the radiation performance and adaptation of the antenna structure.
  • the vertical size of the antenna structure 10 in this second embodiment is the same as in the first embodiment, the height of the metal case 6 being compensated by a reduction in the length of the metal strips 21, 22.
  • the metal case 6 also makes it possible to contain signal processing elements, for example a filter 7 and an amplifier 8, as shown. figure 4 .
  • amplifier 8 can be a preamplifier.
  • the figures 5 and 6 respectively show a schematic perspective view and a schematic sectional view of an antenna structure 10 according to a third embodiment.
  • the antenna structure 10 according to this third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in particular by a first and a second asymmetry of the antenna structure 10 relative to the plane defined by the axes YY and ZZ.
  • the first asymmetry appears at the level of the first metal strip 21: at its end closest to the ground plane 1, the first metal strip 21 is connected to a connection surface 211 substantially parallel to the horizontal plane and oriented towards the second metal strip 22.
  • This connection surface 211 is connected to the positive terminal of the emitter / receiver 4, directly or via signal processing equipment such as the filter 7 and the amplifier 8.
  • the connection surface 211 has a substantially triangular or trapezoidal shape. , of which a large side is connected to the first metal strip 21 and an apex, if the shape is triangular, or a small side, if the shape is trapezoidal, is connected to the positive terminal of the transmitter / receiver 4, here at through the hole in the metal case 6.
  • This connection surface 211 makes it possible to improve the adaptation of the antenna structure in the frequency band.
  • the second asymmetry is present on the radiating loop 14.
  • a first section of the metal structure located, relative to the YY and ZZ axes, on the side of the first metal strip 21 has a current surface density greater than a second section of the structure located on the side of the second metal strip 22 .
  • This difference in current surface density generates a difference in gain in the azimuthal radiation of the antenna structure, the gain being lower on the side of the second face of the structure.
  • the surface density is homogenized by reducing the width, and therefore the surface, of the radiating and metallic bands located in the second side of the metallic structure, in particular here the radiating bands 233b, 235b, 237b, 236b, 234b and the second metal strip 22.
  • the width of the radiating bands is gradually reduced at the level of the radiating band 233b, which comprises a trapezoidal portion 26 whose base is of the same width as the radiating bands of the first section and whose width decreases until it reaches a reduced width.
  • the trapezoidal portion 26 is then followed by a rectangular portion 28 of reduced width and the second metal strip 22 and the radiating bands 235b, 237b, 236b and 234b are of the same reduced width.
  • the reduced width allows a decrease in the area of the radiating bands for the same current passing through them, thus increasing the current area density which is homogeneous with the current area density of the elements of the first side of the antenna structure, thus improving the density of the current. omnidirectionality of azimuthal radiation.
  • the antenna structure 10 comprises a parallelepipedal radome surrounding the radiating structure 12, made of a material of low permittivity, for example of fiberglass, polyamide or of ABS polymer.
  • the radome is designed so that it does not disrupting the radiation performance of the antenna structure 10 makes it possible to protect the latter from possible degradation and allows it to be camouflaged.
  • the radome can also be cylindrical, hemispherical, or any other suitable shape which does not degrade the performance of the antenna structure. For reasons of clarity, the radome is not shown in the perspective views of the figures 1, 3 , 5 and 8 . In other embodiments, the antenna structure may not include a radome.
  • the figure 7 shows a schematic perspective view of an antenna structure 10 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna structure 10 according to this fourth embodiment is distinguished from the third embodiment in particular by the connection surface 211, which is fixed to the first metal strip 21 and which is here oriented in a direction opposite to the third embodiment, c that is, in a direction opposite to the second metal strip 22.
  • the short-circuit element is composed of two strips 24a, 24b.
  • the radiating strip 233b is composed of a single trapezoidal portion and does not include a rectangular portion as was the case in the third embodiment. Then, the rectangular strip 237b is trapezoidal in shape, its width increasing from the radiating strip 235b to the strip 236b.
  • the radome 3 is not parallelepiped but has a shape close to the contours of the antenna structure 10, thus making it possible to reduce its bulk. Likewise, the shape of the metal case 6 and of the ground plane 1 is adjusted to the shape of the radome 3.
  • the modifications made by the successively described embodiments each allow an improvement in the performance of the antenna structure 10, the performance increasing between the first, the second, the third and the fourth embodiment.
  • the possible frequency band of use of the antenna structure 10 is the widest for the fourth mode of realization and decreases for the other modes.
  • the first embodiment is also the least complex to produce, and the manufacturing complexity increases with the following embodiments, up to the fourth embodiment which is the most complex of the presented embodiments, for higher performance. .
  • the radiating bands of the embodiments described above are composed of metal surfaces.
  • the figures 8 and 9 schematically represent antenna structures according to a fifth and a sixth embodiment, respectively, in which the radiating bands and the metal bands are composed of a plurality of radiating strips. These radiating strips are metallic and are distributed so as to occupy the same length and the same width as the metallic surfaces of the previous embodiments.
  • the fifth embodiment is based on an antenna structure 10 according to the first embodiment, in which the metal strips and the vertically oriented radiating strips are composed of a plurality of radiating strips, here three radiating strips 28 per radiating strip and metal strip.
  • the horizontally oriented radiating bands take the form of a metal surface, as in the previous embodiments.
  • all the radiating bands and the metal bands are composed of 28 radiating strips.
  • the ground plane 1 is composed of conductor wires 30 arranged in a star starting from the antenna structure 10.
  • the use of radiating strips is particularly useful for the use of an antenna structure 10 suitable for low frequencies, that is to say for high wavelengths, the dimensions of the antenna structure 10 making it complex. use of large metal surfaces, for reasons of manufacturing difficulty, cost, resistance of the antenna structure 10 to physical stresses, weathering, etc.
  • the radiating strips have a width which can vary between a few thousandths to a few hundredths of the maximum wavelength.
  • the ground plane used depends on the nature of the ground on which the antenna structure 10 is placed, called the ground plane. When the ground plane is composed of a medium of low electrical conductivity (sand, earth, rock, etc.), a ground plane is added, for example thanks to the star conductors as shown in the figure figure 9 .
  • the number of star conductors used varies depending on the electrical conductivity of the medium and can reach 120 wires for a medium of very low electrical conductivity.
  • the ground plane is composed of a strongly conductive medium (sea, salt marsh, etc.), the ground plane forms the ground plane of the antenna structure.
  • the figure 10 shows a vehicle 32, here an automobile, equipped with an antenna structure 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the ground plane 1 of the antenna structure 10 is electrically connected to a metal roof 34 of the vehicle 32, thus making it possible to extend the effective area of the ground plane 1.
  • the figure 11 is a curve showing the impedance matching of an antenna structure according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, as a function of frequency, in the frequency band 470-700 MHz.
  • the impedance matching is represented by the standing wave ratio (VSWR or Voltage Standing Wave Ratio ) of the antenna structure.
  • the standing wave ratio of an antenna structure is perfect if it is equal to 1.
  • the antenna structure according to the invention preferably aims to obtain a standing wave ratio of between 1 and 1.5.
  • the curve of the figure 11 shows that in the frequency band 470-700 MHz, the standing wave ratio is less than 1.5 and that it is equal to 1.5 at the terminals 470 MHz and 700 MHz. Impedance matching is thus good for all frequencies of the frequency band, thus allowing use of the antenna structure for transmission and reception.
  • the figure 12 is a far-field azimuthal radiation pattern of an antenna structure according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the radiation pattern is shown for a frequency of 550 MHz, that is to say included in the frequency band of 470-700 MHz.
  • the radiation is represented in the azimuthal plane, that is to say according to the plane defined by the axes XX and YY, in a configuration where the antenna structure 10 is placed on a circular metallic plane 1.5 m in diameter and in an angular position of which angular values are in the range] -180 °, 180 °].
  • the 0 ° and 180 ° angles correspond to angular positions on the axis XX, the 0 ° angle being located on the side of the second metal strip 22 and the 180 ° angle being located on the side of the first metal strip 21.
  • the angles 90 ° and - 90 ° correspond to angular positions on the YY axis.
  • the radiation is represented in dBi, which corresponds to the gain in decibels of the antenna structure compared to an isotropic antenna.
  • the radiation gradually varies between about -2 dBi for an angle of 0 ° to a value slightly less than 0 dBi for an angle of 180 °.
  • the variation is identical over the interval] -180 °, 0 °], with radiation close to 0dBi for an angle close to -180 °.
  • the difference in radiation of the antenna structure 10 between the angle 0 ° and the angle 180 ° is due to the variation in current surface density on the first side and the second side of the antenna structure 10, due to the presence of the positive terminal of the emitter at the level of the first metal strip 21.
  • the radiation for all frequencies between 470 MHz and 700 MHz show radiation curves, not shown for clarity, similar to the radiation curve for a frequency of 500 MHz, with slight variations, less than 1 dB.
  • the figure 13 is a curve representing the maximum azimuthal gains as a function of the frequency, in the frequency band 470-700 MHz, of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the measurement is the same as the curve of the figure 12 , the radiation being expressed in dBi.
  • the maximum gain is generally the gain measured on the axis XX of the antenna structure 10, on the side of the first metal strip, that is to say at the level of the angular value 180 ° on the figure 12 .
  • the maximum azimuth gain is stable, between -1 dBi and 0 dBi over the whole of the frequency band 470-700 MHz.
  • the invention is not limited to the only embodiments described.
  • the embodiments presented describe an antenna structure with vertical polarization, but a different orientation of the antenna structure can allow its use for transmission and reception in a different linear polarization, for example oblique or horizontal.
  • the antenna structure has been described for use in a frequency band between 470 MHz and 700 MHz, an antenna structure according to the invention can be used in other frequency bands, the dimensions of which. ci then being adapted accordingly.
  • the use of the antenna structure with dimensions suitable for other frequency bands makes it possible to obtain the same advantages as the embodiments described in these frequency bands.

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Claims (11)

  1. Breitbandfrequenzantennenstruktur mit Polarisation in einer als vertikale Richtung bezeichneten bevorzugten Richtung, die für ein Senden und/oder ein Empfangen von Signalen einer Wellenlänge geeignet ist, die zwischen einer minimalen Wellenlänge und einer maximalen Wellenlänge liegt, wobei die Antennenstruktur umfasst:
    - eine Masseebene (1), die sich in einer als horizontale Ebene bezeichneten Ebene senkrecht zur vertikalen Richtung erstreckt, und
    - eine abstrahlende Struktur (12), welche umfasst
    - ein erstes Metallband (21) und ein zweites Metallband (22), die vertikal, voneinander beabstandet, im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei das zweite Metallband (22) mit der Masseebene (1) verbunden und im Wesentlichen zur Masseebene (1) senkrecht ist, und
    - eine abstrahlende Schleife (14), die eine Vielzahl von abstrahlenden Bändern umfasst, wobei ein erstes Ende der abstrahlenden Schleife (14) mit dem ersten Metallband (21) verbunden ist, und ein zweites Ende der abstrahlenden Schleife (14) mit dem zweiten Metallband (22) verbunden ist, wobei es sich bei der abstrahlenden Schleife (14) um eine gebogene abstrahlende Schleife handelt,
    gekennzeichnet
    - dadurch, dass die abstrahlenden Bänder mindestens eine Biegung (16a, 16b, 16c) von U-förmigem Querschnitt bilden, die von zwei sich in der vertikalen Richtung erstreckenden abstrahlenden Bändern gebildet wird, welche an ihren der Masseebene am nächsten liegenden Enden über ein als Basis des Us bezeichnetes abstrahlendes Band verbunden sind, das sich in einer Richtung parallel zur horizontalen Ebene erstreckt, dadurch, dass die abstrahlende Struktur mindestens ein Kurzschlusselement (24) umfasst, das das erste Metallband (21) und das zweite Metallband (22) an ihren am weitesten von der Masseebene (1) entfernt liegenden Teilen elektrisch verbindet, dadurch, dass die Basis des Us mindestens einer U-Biegung zwischen dem ersten Metallband und dem zweiten Metallband eingerichtet ist, und dadurch, dass das Kurzschlusselement mindestens zum Teil von der Basis des Us gebildet wird.
  2. Antennenstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwischen der Masseebene (1) und dem höchsten Punkt der abstrahlenden Struktur (12) eine vertikale Abmessung aufweist, die kleiner als ein Zehntel der maximalen Wellenlänge ist.
  3. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Metallband (21) dafür geeignet ist, mit einer positiven Klemme eines Senders/Empfängers (4) verbunden zu werden, und die Masseebene (1) dafür geeignet ist, mit einer negativen Klemme des Senders/Empfängers (4) verbunden zu werden.
  4. Antennenstruktur nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der abstrahlenden Struktur (12) zwischen der positiven Klemme des Senders/Empfängers (4) und der Verbindung der Masseebene (1) und des zweiten Metallbands (22) zwischen der Hälfte der maximalen Wellenlänge und der minimalen Wellenlänge liegt.
  5. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Metallgehäuse (6) umfasst, das auf der Masseebene (1) angeordnet ist und einen Hohlraum begrenzt, der dafür geeignet ist, den Sender/Empfänger (4) zu enthalten, wobei das Metallgehäuse (6) elektrisch mit der Masseebene (1) und mit dem zweiten Metallband (22) verbunden ist.
  6. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Metallband (21) über eine Metallanschlussfläche (211), die im Wesentlichen zur horizontalen Ebene parallel ist, mit dem Sender/Empfänger (4) verbunden ist.
  7. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Breite der abstrahlenden Struktur (12) zwischen einem Achtel der maximalen Wellenlänge und einem Drittel der minimalen Wellenlänge liegt.
  8. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Breite der abstrahlenden Bänder entlang der abstrahlenden Schleife (14) veränderlich ist.
  9. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Masseebene (1) eine Breite und eine Länge aufweist, die größer sind als die maximale Wellenlänge.
  10. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Radom (3) umfasst, das die abstrahlende Struktur (12) umgibt.
  11. Fahrzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mit einer Antennenstruktur (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 ausgestattet ist, wobei die Masseebene (1) der Antennenstruktur (10) an einer Fläche (34) befestigt ist, die sich in einer im Wesentlichen zur horizontalen Ebene parallelen Ebene erstreckt.
EP16709999.3A 2015-03-05 2016-02-22 Omnidirektionale breitbandantennenstruktur Active EP3266064B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1551878A FR3033449B1 (fr) 2015-03-05 2015-03-05 Structure antennaire omnidirectionnelle large bande
PCT/FR2016/050403 WO2016139403A1 (fr) 2015-03-05 2016-02-22 Structure antennaire omnidirectionnelle large bande

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EP3266064B1 true EP3266064B1 (de) 2020-10-21

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US20240006773A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai Rika Denki Seisakusho Metal plate antenna and antenna device

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JP2870940B2 (ja) * 1990-03-01 1999-03-17 株式会社豊田中央研究所 車載アンテナ
US5926150A (en) * 1997-08-13 1999-07-20 Tactical Systems Research, Inc. Compact broadband antenna for field generation applications
US6486844B2 (en) * 2000-08-22 2002-11-26 Skycross, Inc. High gain, frequency tunable variable impedance transmission line loaded antenna having shaped top plates
JP2007180757A (ja) * 2005-12-27 2007-07-12 Yokowo Co Ltd 複数周波数帯用アンテナ
JP2007288649A (ja) * 2006-04-19 2007-11-01 Yokowo Co Ltd 複数周波数帯用アンテナ
JP5853883B2 (ja) * 2012-06-28 2016-02-09 株式会社デンソー アンテナ装置
DE102012217113B4 (de) * 2012-09-24 2019-12-24 Continental Automotive Gmbh Antennenstruktur einer zirkularpolarisierten Antenne für ein Fahrzeug

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FR3033449A1 (fr) 2016-09-09
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WO2016139403A1 (fr) 2016-09-09

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